Aktulialisasi Nilai-Nilai Tradisi Budaya Daerah Sebagai Kearifan Lokal Untuk Memantapkan Jatidiri Bangsa

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Aktulialisasi Nilai-Nilai Tradisi Budaya Daerah Sebagai Kearifan Lokal Untuk Memantapkan Jatidiri Bangsa Aktulialisasi Nilai-Nilai Tradisi Budaya Daerah Sebagai Kearifan Lokal Untuk Memantapkan Jatidiri Bangsa Disampaikan oleh: Dra. GKR. Wandansari, M.Pd. A. Latar Belakang Pendangkalan nilai kerohanian masyarakat modern semakin terasa dan cenderung menuju pembiaran tersingkirkannya nilai nilai tradisi, sehingga menggeser bahkan menyingkirkan paradigma lama manusia sebagai mahluk sosial yang sangat santun dalam berinteraksi satu dengan yang lain. Nilai nilai sosial kebersamaan secara terus menerus mengalami penghancuran menjadi sebuah paradigma baru manusia sebagai mahluk individualis. Tata krama tradisional sebagai bagian dari pranata sosial menjadi sangat rapuh perannya dalam interaksi rivalitas manusia modern. Pelepasan hawa nafsu dan egoisme sebagai sikap batin manusia menjadi tak terkendali, menjadi semakin liar dalam irama degradasi moral yang dahulu menjadi kebanggaan manusia Jawa.Rasa. Toleransi sebagai manusia beradab diabaikan atas desakan desakan ekonomi politik yang melatar-belakanginya. Bahkan sangat ekstrim bisa dikatakan manusia menjadi lebih buas dari binatang buas. Kemampuan masyarakat tradisional dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya menjadi sebuah perjuangan yang sangat berat. Nilai nilai kearifan lokal yang terangkum dalam sastra tutur keseharian menjadi semakin langka. Banyak masyarakat Jawa modern (dan mungkin berlaku pula untuk seluruh masyarakat tradisional di Nusantara) mengedepankan sikap realistis, meninggalkan ajaran tradisi yang ditanamkan oleh para tetua adat mereka. Kecenderungan mendangkalkan nilai tradisi menjadi lebih meluas ketika lingkungan memberikan dukungan. Sistem sistem tradisi sebagai ciri spesi k dari sebuah pranata adat tidak lagi menjadi acuan dasar dalam berperilaku. Ketidak berdayaan masyarakat adat dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya merupakan ancaman yang serius untuk estafet nilai tradisi selanjutnya. B. Kearifan Budaya Jawa Sebelum memasuki pembahasan lebih lanjut, dalam konteks ini tidak perlu diperdebatkan secara serius tentang de nisi masyarakat Jawa, karena akan memakan waktu lama untuk mempertemukan bebarapa pendapat. Ciri khas kebudayan Jawa terletak pada kemampuan yang luar biasa kebudayaannya diterjang oleh budaya lain tetapi tetap bertahan dalam keasliannya (Franz Magnis Suseno, 1983:1). Kebudayaan Jawa sebagai salah satu kebudayaan lokal di Nusantara mampu menjadi salah satu pilar kebudayaan nasional yang sampai sekarang belum jelas formulasinya. Kearifan budaya lokal yang tersebar di seluruh Nusantara secara nyata mampu menciptakan perilaku masyarakatnya lebih bermoral dan mempunyai kesantunan yang tinggi, sehingga rasa hormat terhadap sesama menjadi sebuah tingkat kepatuhan utama. Dalam interaksi sosial, masyarakat adat yang sudah berabad-abad mempunyai tatanan tradisi lokal, mampu berperan dalam sebuah keselarasan kehidupan. 1 Kerangka normatif dalam menentukan bentuk kongkret interaksi manusia Jawa adalah prinsip keselarasan hidup, baik mikrokosmos maupun dalam kapasistas sebagai bagian dari makrokosmos. Tanda-tanda ketegangan dalam interaksi sosial dalam masyarakat Jawa yang mulai nampak akan segera dihilangkan dengan prinsip kerukunan untuk mencapai sebuah keselarasan. ( Franz Magnis Suseno, 1988). Sikap batin dalam menjaga keselarasan interaksi sosial, selalu dijaga dalam parameter yang bersifat ajeg, tidak ada gejolak, selalu mengedepankan kedamaian atau lebih dikenal dengan harmoni sosial. Hal itu dapat berjalan karena manusia Jawa merasa bahwa individu dengan segala kepentingannya merupakan bagian integral dari sebuah komunitas. Terpeliharanya keseimbangan antara manusia dan alam pada titik normal akan menciptakan lingkungan yang selaras. Manusia akan secara sadar mengetahui tempatnya, sehingga akan secara sadar pula dalam melakukan interaksi dengan sesama dan alam lingkungan. Sikap batin inilah yang mampu menciptakan harmonisasi kehidupan manusia dalam menjaga keutuhan alam. Manusia akan selalu merasa sebagai bagian dari rangkaian tata kehidupan yang saling bersimbiosa, saling membutuhkan, sehingga dalam memperlakukan sesama atau lingkungan akan sangat berhati-hati dan santun .Perilaku demikian sudah dikondisikan turun temurun sedemikian rupa untuk tidak merusak siklus keteraturan yang sudah berlaku, sehingga nyaris tidak terjadi kon ik baik horizontal maupun vertikal. Kultur dari luar akan dengan mudah diterima bila dikemas dalam kultur Jawa yang asli sehingga terjadi sinkretisme yang justru sangat bisa diterima di masyarakat. Islam dalam syiarnya akan dengan mudah masuk dalam kehidupan Jawa ketika beberapa Wali menggunakan media budaya Jawa. Gamelan, wayang kulit dikemas menjadi syiar yang menarik, bukan secara frontal tetapi secara halus sesuai dengan nilai nilai budaya Jawa. Hal ini juga untuk bisa masuk ke kalangan Jawa santri. Demikian pula dengan Jawa abangan yang akan menolak secara tegas bila sistem tata nila tradisi mereka diberangus. Kearifan adalah sebuah kemauan untuk menerima pranata yang ada (Pitoyo Amrih, 2008:24). Dalam sistem pranata sosial masyarakat Jawa, kearifan sudah berlaku sejak jaman Hindhu. Masyarakat Jawa mempunyai pandangan bahwa pusat kebudayaan Jawa adalah keraton, Kasunanan Surakarta dan Kesultanan Yogyakarta sebagai keturunan dinasti Mataram. Masyarakat Jawa yang sudah menyebar ke seluruh pelosok Nusantara baik melalui pola transmigrasi maupun kesadaran sendiri, masih mempunyai ikatan batin yang kuat terhadap budayanya, sehingga interaksi sosial tetap dalam sikap yang nJawani, walaupun tidak terekspresikan dalam budaya yang utuh. Namun paling tidak ada pernik pernik budaya Jawa yang masih melekat erat. Maka dalam komunitas Jawa tradisi , loso nya akan bermuara pada sikap tepa slira, sehingga percikan percikan perbedaan pendapat akan relatif mudah diredam. Kecenderungan relativisme Jawa dipahami sebagai sebuah penerimaan orang lain ketika memasuki komunitas keJawaan. Kelapangan teologis yang dimiliki masyarakat Jawa mampu memposisikan antar individu berjalan beriringan walau terdapat perbedaan konsep religius. Disini nilai nilai tradisi Jawa dominan dalam persenyawaan antar religi ataupun etnis. 2 C. Keraton sebagai simpul sosiokultural Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat sebagai penerus kerajaan Mataram didirikan oleh Paku Buwono II pada tahun 1745 Masehi ( tahun Jawa Je 1670 ), merupakan perpindahan dari Keraton Kartasura yang rusak ( baca Babad Pecina ). Disamping sebagai pusat politik dan kekuasaan keraton juga merupakan pusat kebudayaan yang merupakan sumber kekuatan kosmis. Implementasi dalam kehidupan beragama, Karaton Surakarta walaupun sebagai sebuah kerajaan Islam, tetapi tetap menjadi pengayom dari semua golongan dan agama dan kepercayaan. Nilai-nilai hakiki manusia yang terangkum di semua ajaran agama, secara jelas termanifestasikan dalam upacara-upacara adat yang ada di Karaton Surakarta, yang bermuara pada keseimbangan, keselarasan makrokosmos (jagad gumelar) dan mikrokosmos. (jagad gumulung). Dalam bentuk naskah, Karaton Surakarta mempunyai nilai ajaran leluhur yang sangat tinggi. Tembang dan tembung dalam setiap naskah mempunyai makna yang tersirat. Tentu saja memerlukan ketajaman hati dalam mengungkap substansi yang dimaksud. 1. Konsep Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana. Kesadaran kosmis sebagai tatanan yang sudah selaras, dijadikan konsep dasar dalam menjalankan pemerintahan pada masa pemerintahan raja-raja Jawa. Pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Agung, raja besar Mataram, konsep keselarasan dirangkum menjadi 3 buah pedoman yang disebut Tri Prasetya: Mamayu Hayuning Bawana, Mangasah Mingising Budi , Mamasuh Malaning Bumi. Idiom lokal Jawa yang mengatakan Mamayu Hayuning Bawana, menjadi sebuah landasan yang sangat penting dalam tataran ekologis maupun aspek lainnya. Hayu dalam konteks ke-Jawa-an, berdimensi pengolahan rasa, membutuhkan ketajaman spiritual dalam menimplementasikan kesadaran itu. Hayu dalam leksikologi Jawa memang berarti indah. Dalam loso jawa, hayu berdimensi spiritual. Perpaduan rasa, cipta dan karsa dalam tataran kehidupan manusia Jawa sangat dipengaruhi oleh olahing rasa, yang menjadi dasar perilaku dalam menentukan sikap. Mamayu secara leksikal memang mempunyai makna menjaga, tetapi secara lebih mendalam dalam, tataran loso Jawa, mempunyai makna yang lebih bersifat batiniah. Mamayu tidak mengubah tatanan yang sudah ada, tidak mengganggu keselarasan yang sudah ada, tidak menimbulkan kon ik baru terhadap tatanan yang sudah berlaku baik. Hamemayu bukan sekedar menjaga, tetapi lebih berdimensi kestabilan aura positif sebagai sebuah ciptaan. Menjaga kestabilan sekaligus mempertahankan keindahan yang ada .Mamayu hayuning bawana merupakan sebuah kesadaran kontemplatif akan begitu pentingnya keselarasan makrokosmos dan mikrokosmos. Konsep ini berkaitan dengan tatanan kehidupan yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh keselarasan batin. Manusia akan bersikap hormat pada dogma leluhur yang ditabamkan lewat ajaran sinandhi. Manusia Jawa diajarkan untuk selalu bersikap prasaja, sikap jujur yang didasari pada keberlangsungan tatanan. Pembelokan pada tatanan dianggap tabu, menyalahi paugeran, yang secara taat diajarkan secara tutur dari generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Keteraturan siklus kehidupan 3 manusia dalam interaksi sosial masyarakat tidak dapat dilepaskan dari beberapa elemen yang ikut menentukan parameternya. Hamemayu hayuning bawana adalah menjaga harmoni / keselarasan jagad cilik dan jagad gedhe. Dalam interaksi keseharian masyarakat dijabarkan menjadi lebih simpel yaitu: Tepa Salira (tenggang rasa). Mangasah mingising budi, butir kedua dari Tri Prasetya secara singkat merupakan perilaku yang didasarkan pada keluhuran
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