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THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ITS ORGANIZATION ADMINISTRATION AND FUNCTIONS By LOUIS ROUND WILSON and l\.1AURICE F. TAUBER THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO · ILLINOIS :mE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN LIBRARY $elENCE THE, UNIVERSITY oF CHICAGO PREss, CHICAGo 37 Cambridge Un~versity Press, London,N. W. 1, England W. J~ Gage & Co., Limited, Toronto 2B, Canada Copyrighl 1945 by lhe University of Chieago. A.ll righls reserved. Published 1945. Second Impression 1948. Composed ond printed by TH& UNIVERSJTY OF CHICAGO PRESS, Chieago, Illinois, U.S.A.. PREFACE HE increase in university library resources since 1900 has been one of the most distinctive aspects of modern uni­ T versity development in the United States. In spite of this fact and of the corresponding increase in the extent and com­ plexity of university library administrative procedures, there has been no systematic study of the principles and methods which characterize library organization and administration in the major universities of the United States or any formulation of generaliza­ tions concerning them. The need for such a study has long been apparent. The present volume has been prepared to meet this need. Specifically, the purpose of the authors in the preparation of the volume has been' to consider systematically the principles and methods of university library organization and administration and to formulate generaliza. tions concerning them which may be useful to university librarians in the effective performance of their highly important task of aiding scholars in teaching and rese~rch. While this is the major purpose of the authors, it is also their hope that the study may prove of value to university administrators who aJ.!e largely re­ sponsible for obtaining financial support of the library, to members of university faculties and learned societies who make extensive use of university library materials, and to students of library science who are preparing to cope with the problems of university, library administration. · In the preparation of the volume the ·authors have received generous assistance from many university librarians and university administrators. They are especially indebted to Andrew Eaton, Raynard Swank, an4 Harold Tucker, who have served as research assistants in collecting statistical and bibliographical information, and to Mrs. Doris Flowers, who assisted in seeing the volume through the press. They are likewise indebted to Ralph A. Beals, Leon Carnovsky, Donald Coney, Carleton B.· Jaeckel, Guy R. ~yle, and John Dale Russell, who have read the manuscript in part or in whole and hav~ been most g~nerous in constructive suggestion and criticism. - L. R. w. AND M. F. T. CHAPEL HILL, NoRTH CAROLINA, AND CHICAGo, ILUNOis August 1944 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .. VII LIST OF TABLES IX INTRODUCTION I I. THE FuNCTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY AND ITs LIBRARY 7 II. GovERNMENTAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONSHIPS I9. III. FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION 56· IV. ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 95 V. DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION: AcQuisiTION AND PREPARATION • I42. VI. DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION: SERVICE 192.. -VII. PERSONNEL: TRAINING AND SELECTION OF STAFF 2.2.5 VIII. PERSONNEL: SALARIES AND STAFF RELATIONS • 2.6I IX. BooK CoLLECTIONs: AcQUISITION PoLICIES AND PROCEDURES 302. X. BooK CoLLECTIONS: GENERAL MATERIALS JIB XI. BooK CoLLECTIONs: SPECIAL MATERIALS 353 XII. THE TEACHING FUNCTION OF THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY J82. XIII. Co-OPERATION AND SPECIALIZATioN· 404 XIV. BuiLDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 455 XV. OFF-CAMPUS RELATIONS OF THE LIBRARIAN 493 XVI. EvALUATION: REcORDS, R~PORTS, AND SuRVEYS 5I4 XVII. FuTURE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES • 534 INDEX • SSI v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS J. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CAUFORNIA. ~un. ~ 2. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBURY • 110 3· ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH LIBURY Ill 4· ORGANIZATION CHART oF THE CoLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBuRIES 112 4"· ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE CoLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBURY (RE- VISED, 1945) • Il3 5· ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARIES IN 1932 115 6. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE LIBRARIES OF THE OREGON STATE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION • 118 7· ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUNOIS LIBURY • 119 8. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE TEMPLE UNIVERSITY LIBURY 12.0 9· ORGANIZATION CHART OF A UNIVERSITY LIBURY-1 122 10. ORGANIZATION CHART OF A UNIVERSITY LIBRARY-II 123 11. FuNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF A UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 12.4 12. THE UNIVERSITY oF CHICAGO CAMPus, SHOWING LocATION OF LIBURY 130 13. THE DEGREES OF CLOSENESS OF LIBRARY INTERRELATIONS • l3S 14· FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF A TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT OF A UNI- . VERSITY LIBRARY I63 15. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE CATALOG DEPARTMENT OF THE HARVARD CoLLEGE LIBRARY • · I64 16. ORGANIZATION OF THE LOAN DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAU- FORNIA LIBRARY 2.01 I7. ORGANIZATION OF THE LoAN DEPAilTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLI- NOIS LIBRARY 2.02 18. FEDERAL DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES • 332 19. STATE DocuMENT DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES 336 20. DEPOSITORIES OF LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CARDS 42.0 21. REGIONAL UNION CATALOGS .• 422 22. PROPOSED REGIONAL UNION CATALOGS vii LIST OF TABLES 1. CoMPARATIVE DiscoUNT RATES OFFERED LIBRARIES ON CuRRENT AMERI- CAN BooKs, 1940 2. LIBRARY INcoME BY SouRcE IN 10 ENDOWED UNIVERSITIEs, I9JI-4o 3· SouRcE OF LIBRARY INcoME DURING 1938-39 IN 9 PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES 4 • SouRcE OF LIBRARY INcoME DURING 1939-40 IN 9 PRIVATE UNIVER- SITIES . S· INcoME BY SouRcE FOR. I7 STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES, 1939-40 6. INcoME BY SouRcE FOR. 17· STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES, 1938-39 7· INcoME BY SouRcE FOR. IS STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES, 1939-40 8. LIBRARY FEES IN UNJVER.SJTJES 9· TYPES OF LIBRARY ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES AND TITLES OF OFFICERS LISTED IN THE CATALOGS OF Jl UNIVERSITIES lOS 10. CosT OF CATALOGING VARJous TYPES OF MATERIALS IN 1\hLLER.'s TEST LIBRARY . J J. THE CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT: ORGANIZATION OF DUTIES 12. USE OF BooKs ON RESERVE, UNIVERSITY oF TEXAS LIBRARY 210 IJ. GROWTH IN SIZE OF STAFF IN 2S UNIVERSITY LIBR.AR.JES, 192S-40 14. SizE OF STAFFS IN so LARGE CoLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN 1940 2JO IS· SIZE OF PROFESSIONAL STAFFS IN so LARGE COLLEGE AND UNIVER.SIT\" LIBRARIES IN 1940 • 2JO 16. RATIO OF PRoFESSIONAL TO OTHER. TYPEs OF \VoR.KER.s IN so UNIVER- SITY LIBRARIES . 2Jl 17. PROFESSIONAL AssiSTANTS IN THE PRINCIPAL DEPARTMENTS OF 39 UNI­ VERSITY LIBRARIEs, WITH CoMPARATIVE FIGURES FOR. BooK STocK, ANNUAL ExPENDITURES FOR BooKs AND PERIODICALs, STUDENT EN- ROLMENT, AND FACULTY MEMBERS 2JJ 18. SALARIES OF CHIEF LIBRARIANS AND AssiSTANT LIBRARIANS IN 29 UNI- VERSITY LIBRARIES . 264 19. SALARIES OF CHIEF LIBRARIANS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF FULL PRO- FESSORS IN IJ UNIVERSITIES • 26S 20. CoMPARISON OF SALARIES OF CHIEF LIBRARIANS WITH THOSE OF AssiST- ANT LIBRARIANS IN IS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES • 26S 21. NuMBER OF HouRs REQ.UJRED OF STAFF MEMBERS IN 42 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ~69 ix X LIST OF TABLES 22. OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCED STUDY 275 23. FACULT~ STATUS OF LIBRARIANS IN 35 LARGE CoLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES • 280 24. GROWTH OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES, I9oo-I940 303 25. AssiGNMENT OF SuBJECT HEADINGS TO DisSERTATIONs 357 26. SIZE OF MAP CoLLECTIONS IN I2 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 363 27. INTERLIBRARY LOAN STATISTICS, I9J2/J3-19381J9. CoLUMBIA UNJ- VERSITY LIBRARIES • 405 28. INTERLIBRARY LOAN STATISTICS, 1935/36-1939140, PRINCETON UNJ- VERSITY LIBRARY 406 .29. INTERLIBRARY LoAN STATISTics, I9JO/JI-I939/40, UNIVERSITY OF CHI- CAGO LIBRARIES • 406 30. DISTRIBUTION BY REGION. OF TITLES BoRROWED AND LoANED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARIES, 1938-39 . 407 31. INDIVIDUALS BoRROWING MATERIALS THROUGH INTERLIBRARY LoAN, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, 1939-40 409 3:1. TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS oF AGREEMENTS AND CoNSOLIDATIONs · AMONG AcADEMIC LIBRARIES • 443 33· METHODS AND DEvicEs UsED IN SuRVEYING THE ADEQ.UACY oF FINAN- CIAL SuPPORT oF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 5:1.3 34· .METHODS AND DEviCES UsED IN SuRVEYING THE PERSONNEL OF UNI- VERSITY LIBRARIES. 5:16 -35· METHODS AND DEvicEs,UsED IN SuRVEYING THE HoLDINGS OF UNIVER- SITY LIBRAiliES • 5:17 INDEX Academic status of librarians span of control, 100 faculty rank, 179-81 stability of stair, io1-2 fellowships, 181 unity of command, 99 insurance, 183-84 unity of management, 99 leaves of absence, 181-81 studies needed, 53?-43 retirement, 181-83 Administrative board, 27, 30 sabbatical leaves, 182. Administrative office assistant, salary, 266 Accessioning, 171 Administrative officers Accounting duties of, 105-8 centralization of, 90 titles of, 105 methods of, 89-90 Administrative organization, theory of, 95- Accrediting associations, 511 101 Acquisition Administrative relationships, 19-20 current materials, 314 Administrative responsibilities, 3-4 tn !J/o(, 315-16 _Agnes Scott College Library by exchange, 148-51 agricultural extension, 38 by gift, I 51-54 cO-operative agreement, 443 older materials, 31o-14 Air conditioning, 484-85 by purchase, 147 Akers, S. G., 169, 539 related materials, 315 Akron, University of, Library, 441 Acquisition department Alabama, University of, Library organization, 145-4~ film room, 474 personnel, 146 unofficial manuscripts, 372 procedure in, 143-45 Albany College Library, 441 Acquisition program Alexander, Carter, 400 faculty part in, 144, 305-8 Alien Property Custodian, copyright; 186 friends of the library, 308"-9 Allocation of funds, 65--76 librarian and, 305, 31o-1b Altmann, Berthold, 415 responsi hili ty for policy, 304-8 Alumni societies and organizations, 309-10 relations with, 27 student body,
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  • History of American Library Science: Its Origins and Early Development

    History of American Library Science: Its Origins and Early Development

    Comp. by: PG1506 Stage : Revises1 ChapterID: 0000962779 Date:23/7/09 Time:06:41:34 Filepath:d:/ womat-filecopy/0000962779.3D History of American Library Science: Its Origins and Early Development John V. Richardson Jr. Department of Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Abstract The narrow purpose of this entry is threefold: 1) to identify the key events and players in the origin and early development of the discipline of library science in the United States (and perhaps North America more generally, but certainly not Europe, much less India, other than to mention its origins in Germany); 2) to describe the intellectual foundations and history for the discipline of library science as developed at the University of Chicago’s GLS; and 3) to briefly identify the knowledge and skills as well as values associated with this emergent field. Strictly speaking, therefore, it is not a discourse on computer science, informatics, information science, information studies, or for that matter, the history of librarianship nor books and libraries; neither is it a history of literary endeavors, printing, writing, or scholarly communica- tion per se, but rather it is an introductory orientation to a highly specialized field of knowledge. INTRODUCTION the cult of efficient and scientific management under the influence of F. W. Taylor and Charles McCarthy.[5] Library science has its origins in early nineteenth century Importantly, though, the outdated nineteenth century natu- Germany, notably as bibliothekswissenschaft. Despite the ral history worldview based upon Enlightenment ideas: fact that thousands of Americans studied in Germany be- “Let’s see what’s there and we’ll record it,” did not sur- fore the World War I, Schrettinger[1] and Schmidt[2] are vive as the principal means of knowing, but that heritage unknown or forgotten today; elsewhere, someone might or genealogy is still occasionally present and or at least answer the provocative question: “whereas Germany lamented in some quarters.