DOCSLIB.ORG

Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service V.54

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service V.54 PHOSPHORUS EXCHANGE IN MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON BY THEODORE R. RICE FISHERY BULLETIN 80 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Douglas McKay, Secretary FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, John L. Farley, Director ABSTRACT Phosphorus exchange in Nitzschia· clostai'iu.In, isoiated and grown in pure culture, was demunstrated by using rudioactive phosphorus find was ~h()\\"n to "IlI'Y with changes in the phosphorus concentration of the medium amI with the ph~'sioiogical conditions of t,he cells. A modification of MiCluel's nutrient solutions was made to prevent the formation of precil)itates when autoclavecl, since it was necessary that'the radioactive phusphorus he eithel' in solution or within the ('elll>, Complete recovery of cells fur radioactive l\SSll~' was accomplished b~' using n harium-sulfate filter pad in a detachable tiltel'iug apparatus. The gl'entest exchange occurred when cells gl'own in high concentrntions (If phosphorus were tilter-washed. Also exchange between ('ells and medium wus determined while the cells were photo­ synthesizing, and when they wei'€' kept in the dark. A redistribution of intra­ cellular phosphorus between the inorganic and organir fractions occul'l"ed when cells wel'e placed in the light in medium .containing only a tmce of phosphorus.. Little phosphorus was converted into ~he organic state by cells kept in the dal'k. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Douglas McKay, Secretary FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, John L. Farley, Director PHOSPHORUS EXCHANGE IN MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON BY THEODORE R. RICE FISHERY BULLETIN 80 From Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service VOLUME S4 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON: 1953 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 15 cents CONTENTS Page Materials and methods _ 77 Culture mediunL _ 77 Cultlll'e procedurc _ 78 Phosphorus measurements _ 78 Determination of population size _ 78 Preparat.ion of filters _ 79 Fractionation of cells _ 79 Experiments _ 79 Phosphorus absorpt.ion " ~ __ --_ 79 Conditions affecting phosphorus exchange by cells when filter-washed "_ 81 Exchange by 1I0mlcficient cells _ 81 Exchange by phosphate-deficient cells _ 82 Effect of exposure time on exchange _ 83 Redistribut.ion of intracellular phosphol'us _ 83 Exchange by cells suspelllied in culture mediunL _ 84 Exchange in t.he light_~ _ 84 Exchange in the dark _ 85 Exchange determined with radioactive phosphorus ill the mediullL _ 85 Exchange determined with radioactive phosphorus in the cells _ 86 Discus~oll _ 86 Summary _ 89 Literature citecL _ 89 II PHOSPHORUS EXCHANGE IN MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON By Theodore R. Rice, Fishery Research Biologist The labeling of plankt.onic algae with radio­ (1948) and Goldberg, Walker, and Whisenand active phosphorus was investigat.ed as one phase (1951) have demonstrated that phosphorus is of a study of the food of filter-feeding inverte­ exchanged by planktonie algae. In both of these brates. The phytoplankton first had to be grown investigat.ions, exehange was tested for only short under conditions that. would result in the cells intervals of timc by eit.her centrifuging or filter­ absorbing and ret.aining large quant.it.ies of act.ive washing the eells containing radioaetive phos­ phosphorils before it could be used as labeled phorus. The appearance of radioactive phos­ food. This required t.hat the processes of phos­ phorus in t.he washings demonstrat.ed. exehange. phorus exchange in phytoplankton be analyzed. Although filter-washing also has been used in The relative abundunee of phosphorus has been this investigation to determine fac.tors influencing known to be a factor limiting the growt,h of exehange, emphasis has been placed on measuring phytoplankton in the sea since the time of Brandt exchange over longer periods of time while the (1899, 1902). Studics in the laboratory with ceUs were maint,ained under various environ­ pure cultures, as well as cOJTclat,ions resulting mental condit.ions. from work in the ficld, have proved phosphorus to be of critieal importanee. Its abundance in MATERIALS AND METHODS natural bodies of watcr previous to rapid inereases CULTURE MEDIUM in population sizes and its seasonal depletion with The addition of nut.rient.s t.o natural sea wut,er an inerease of phytopla.nkton have been shown is still apparently the best method o~ preparing many times. culture medium for murine planktonic algae. A decrease in the phosphorus concentrat.ion of One disadvunt.a.ge of this method is that precipi­ the medium following an increa.se in the phyto­ t.ates often form when the enriched sea water is plankton population has been relatively easy to autoelaved. It was important that no preeipi­ demonstrat.e in the laboratory. Detection of tates form in the medium used in these experi­ phosphorus exchange was not possible until ments, since the radioactive phosphorus must be tracer techniques for active phosphorus were contained either in the eeUs or in the medium. developed. By using It culture medium con­ Sea water enriched with Miquel's solut.ions, us taining 11 mixture of radioactive llnd nonradio­ modified by Ketchum and Redfield (1938), was active phosphorus, a measurement, of phosphorus used since Nitzschia closterium grows well in this exchange is possible. The normal movement of medium. It was found that their solutions A phosphorus can be traced by following the move­ and B caused precipitates to form when added to ment of radioactive phosphorus, since it is gen­ sea water and autoelaved. ,By adding iron as erally accepted that eells cannot distinguish Fe(NH ) (80 )2 instead of as FeCl in solution B, between the two isotopes of phosphorus and 4 4 3 and by removing the phosphate compound from that isotopic effeets can be disregarded. Further­ solution B and adding it as solution C, the for­ more, the addition of small amounts of radio­ mation of precipitates was avoided. The same active phosphorus, in these studies, has not concentration of phosphorus, 56 JLgAP/L added changed the physiology of the eells through as KH P0 instead of as Na HP0 '12H20, was radiation, nor the rate of uptake of phosphorus 2 4 2 4 used to prepare solution C. The import.ant by them. change is that. solution C was not added until after Using radioactive phosphorus, Gest and Kamen the sea water containing solution A and the NOTE.--This study was part or a project earl'ied on under a cooperative modified solution B hud been autoclaved und .\greement between thc United States Fish and Wildlife Service aud the United States Atomic Energy Commission. allowed to cool. If solution C was added to the 77 78 FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE !"ISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE autocll1ved sea wat.er before it had cooled com­ plet.ely, precipit.at.es still formed . .The three solut.ions used in the preparation of this culture medium were- Solution A__ KN03 20.2 grams. Dist.illed wateL ___ To make 100 cubic cent.imeters of solution. Solution B_ _ MgSO,_ __________ 4 grams. CaCb____________ 4 grams. Fe(NH4) (SO,h____ 1 gram. HCl (conc.)_______ 2 cc. Distilled water____ To make 100 cc. of solution. Solution C__ KH2PO,__________ 1.53 grams. Distilled water____ To make 100 cc. of solution. Particulate matter was first removed from the sea water by filtering it through cotton. Then, 0.55 cc. of solution A and 0.50 cc. of solution B FIGURE I.-Culture cabinet showing illumination of were added to each liter of sea water. This cultures. medium was autoclaved and, after cooling com­ pletely, 0.50 cc. of solution C, which had been geometry was constant, and corrections for decay autoclaved separately, was added aseptica.lly. and coincidence loss were made. The radio­ active phosphorus was standardized by comparison CULTURE PROCEDURE with a simulated standard of known microcurie strength. Inorganic-phosphorus concentrations Nitzschia closterium. was isolated into pure were determined by the At..kins-Dcniges molybdate culture and used in these experiments. It was method as modified by Wattenberg (1937). Salt­ maintained in pure culture on agar containing 2 error corrections were made and algal cells were percent glucose find 0.5 percent peptone in addi­ removed by filtering before making determina­ tion to Miquel's inorganic nutrients. Tests for tions. The intensity of the blue color was meas­ purity were not mnde on cultures during or after ured with a Klett-Summerson photoelectric color­ the experiments since sterile techniques and imeter which had been standardized with solutions inorganic media were used and since most experi­ of known phosphorus content. Klett filter No. 66 ments were completed within a short period of and a 4.5 x 2.5 centimeter cell were used. Since time. the intensity of the blue color changes with time, The cultures were grown in a refrigerated determinations were made approximately 10 cabinet (fig. 1) at a temperature of 20° ± 2° C. minutes after the addition of reagents. The con­ . The cabinet was equipped with adjustable wooden centration of phosphorus is expressed as micro­ shelves to each of which six 40-watt daylight gram atoms of phosphate phosphorus per liter fluorescent lights, spaced 2 inches apart, were (",gAP/L) as recommended by the International attached. Approximately 2 inches above the Association of Physical Oceanography (Sverdrup, lights were glass shelves upon which the cultures et a1. 1942, table 34). were placed. PHOSPHORUS MEASUREMENTS DETERMINATION OF POPULATION SIZE The radioactive phosphorus used in these The number of cells per liter was determined experiments came from Oak Ridge National by removing approximately 5 cc. of medium Laboratory. 1 Activity was determined by means after vigorously shaking the culture to distribute of a conventional dip-type Geiger-Muller counting the cells evenly throughout the medium.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich 34,35,36,37,38 P Populated In
    PHYSICAL REVIEW C 92, 044308 (2015) , , , , Spectroscopy of neutron-rich 34 35 36 37 38P populated in binary grazing reactions R. Chapman,1,* A. Hodsdon,1 M. Bouhelal,2 F. Haas,3 X. Liang,1 F. Azaiez,4 Z. M. Wang,1 B. R. Behera,5 M. Burns,1 E. Caurier,3 L. Corradi,5 D. Curien,3 A. N. Deacon,6 Zs. Dombradi,´ 7 E. Farnea,8 E. Fioretto,5 A. Gadea,5 F. Ibrahim,4 A. Jungclaus,9 K. Keyes,1 V. Kumar, 1 S. Lunardi,8 N. Marginean,˘ 5,10 G. Montagnoli,8 D. R. Napoli,5 F. Nowacki,3 J. Ollier,1,11 D. O’Donnell,1,12 A. Papenberg,1 G. Pollarolo,13 M.-D. Salsac,14 F. Scarlassara,8 J. F. Smith,1 K. M. Spohr,1 M. Stanoiu,10 A. M. Stefanini,5 S. Szilner,5,15 M. Trotta,5 and D. Verney4 1School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom, and The Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) 2Laboratoire de Physique Appliquee´ et Theorique,´ Universite´ Larbi Tebessa,´ Tebessa,´ Algerie´ 3IPHC, UMR7178, CNRS-IN2P3, and Universite´ de Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France 4IPN, IN2P3-CNRS and Universite´ Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France 5INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy 6Schuster Laboratory, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom 7MTA ATOMKI, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary 8Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN-Sezione di Padova, Universita` di Padova, I35131 Padova, Italy 9Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain 10Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering-IFIN-HH, Strasse Atomistilor No.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY of the BIOSPHERE (Prirodnaya Radioaktivnost' Iosfery)
    XA04N2887 INIS-XA-N--259 L.A. Pertsov TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN Published for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations L. A. PERTSOV THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE BIOSPHERE (Prirodnaya Radioaktivnost' iosfery) Atomizdat NMoskva 1964 Translated from Russian Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1967 18 02 AEC-tr- 6714 Published Pursuant to an Agreement with THE U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION and THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Copyright (D 1967 Israel Program for scientific Translations Ltd. IPST Cat. No. 1802 Translated and Edited by IPST Staff Printed in Jerusalem by S. Monison Available from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Va. 22151 VI/ Table of Contents Introduction .1..................... Bibliography ...................................... 5 Chapter 1. GENESIS OF THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE BIOSPHERE ......................... 6 § Some historical problems...................... 6 § 2. Formation of natural radioactive isotopes of the earth ..... 7 §3. Radioactive isotope creation by cosmic radiation. ....... 11 §4. Distribution of radioactive isotopes in the earth ........ 12 § 5. The spread of radioactive isotopes over the earth's surface. ................................. 16 § 6. The cycle of natural radioactive isotopes in the biosphere. ................................ 18 Bibliography ................ .................. 22 Chapter 2. PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. ........... 24 § 1. The contribution of individual radioactive isotopes to the total radioactivity of the biosphere. ............... 24 § 2. Properties of radioactive isotopes not belonging to radio- active families . ............ I............ 27 § 3. Properties of radioactive isotopes of the radioactive families. ................................ 38 § 4. Properties of radioactive isotopes of rare-earth elements .
    [Show full text]
  • Uncertainties in Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides
    OAK RIDGE ORNL/TM-2006/583 NATIONAL LABORATORY MANAGED BY UT-BATTELLE FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Uncertainties in Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides An Uncertainty Analysis for Risk Coefficients Reported in Federal Guidance Report No. 13 January 2007 Prepared by D. J. Pawela R. W. Leggettb K. F. Eckermanb C. B. Nelsona aOffice of Radiation and Indoor Air U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 bOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge: Web site: http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD: 703-487-4639 Fax: 703-605-6900 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: 865-576-8401 Fax: 865-576-5728 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDICAL RADIOISOTOPES PRODUCTION WITHOUT a NUCLEAR REACTOR the Vast Majority of the Public Thinks That Research Reactors, Such 1 Introduction 2
    june 4, 2010 | No. 710/711 MEDICAL RADIOISOTOPES PRODUCTION WITHOUT A NUCLEAR REACTOR The vast majority of the public thinks that research reactors, such 1 Introduction 2 as the High Flux Reactor (HFR) in Petten, the Netherlands, are 2 The Emergence and essential for the supply of medical radioisotopes. And indeed Development of these nuclear reactors are currently producing the vast majority of Nuclear Medicine 3 the isotopes. The nuclear industries like to maintain this widespread 3 Medical Radioisotopes & misunderstanding to justify their right to exist. A brief look in the Applications 8 history of nuclear medicine learns that all medical radioisotopes 4 Reactor-based were originally manufactured by another type of production. Radioisotopes Produced by (710/1.) Laka Foundation – On May 22, agriculture, industry and fundamental Cyclotrons? 12 a research report was published on the research. Though most isotopes have no alternatives for reactor-based production practical value, dozens of isotopes have 5 Recent Developments of medical isotopes: "Medical valuable applications. At present there and Prospects in Radioisotopes Production 17 Radioisotopes Production Without A are up to 200 radioisotopes used on a Nuclear Reactor", written by Henk van regular basis, and most of them are 6 Discussion, Conclusions and der Keur of the Laka Foundation. The produced artificially. Recommendations 19 report tries to find an answer to the key question: Is it possible to ban the use of Until 2007 there was an almost research reactors for the production of uninterrupted supply of cheap subsidized medical radioisotopes? It will make clear reactor-produced isotopes, there was no that the nuclear industry is using the need to search for alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Table of Elements
    The origin of the elements – Dr. Ille C. Gebeshuber, www.ille.com – Vienna, March 2007 The origin of the elements Univ.-Ass. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Ille C. Gebeshuber Institut für Allgemeine Physik Technische Universität Wien Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134 1040 Wien Tel. +43 1 58801 13436 FAX: +43 1 58801 13499 Internet: http://www.ille.com/ © 2007 © Photographs of the elements: Mag. Jürgen Bauer, http://www.smart-elements.com 1 The origin of the elements – Dr. Ille C. Gebeshuber, www.ille.com – Vienna, March 2007 I. The Periodic table............................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement........................................................................................................................... 5 Periodicity of chemical properties.......................................................................................... 6 Groups and periods............................................................................................................. 6 Periodic trends of groups.................................................................................................... 6 Periodic trends of periods................................................................................................... 7 Examples ................................................................................................................................ 7 Noble gases .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Lattices, Mass and Stability
    Open Access Library Journal Nuclear Lattices, Mass and Stability Henry Gu Cao, Zhiliang Cao, Wenan Qiang Northwestern University, Evanston, USA Email: [email protected] Received 20 April 2015; accepted 7 May 2015; published 13 May 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and OALib. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract A nucleus has a lattice configuration, a mass, and a half-life. There are many nuclear theories: BCS formalism focuses on Neutron-proton (np) pairing; AB initio calculation uses NCFC model; SEMF uses water drop model. However, the accepted theories give neither précised lattices of lower mass nuclei, nor an accurate calculation of nuclear mass. This paper uses the results of the latest Unified Field Theory (UFT) to derive a lattice configuration for each isotope. We found that a sim- plified BCS formalism can be used to calculate energies of the predicted lattice structure. Fur- thermore, mass calculation results and NMR data can be used to determine the right lattice struc- ture. Our results demonstrate the inseparable relationship among nuclear lattices, mass, and sta- bility. We anticipate that our essay will provide a new method that can predict the lattice of each isotope without the use of advanced mathematics. For example, the lattice of an unknown nucleus can be predicted using trial and error. The mass of the nuclear lattice can be calculated. If the cal- culation result matches the experimental data and NMR pattern supports the lattice as well, then the predicted nuclear lattice configuration is valid.
    [Show full text]
  • Radionuclide Production
    African School of Physics 2010 Radionuclide production Marco Silari CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Silari – Radionuclide production ASP2010 - Stellenbosh (SA) 1 Radionuclide production The use of radionuclides in the physical and biological sciences can be broken down into three general categories: Radiotracers Imaging (95% of medical uses) SPECT (99mTc, 201Tl, 123I) PET (11C, 13N, 15O, 18F) Therapy (5% of medical uses) Brachytherapy (103Pd) Targeted therapy (211At, 213Bi) Relevant physical parameters (function of the application) Type of emission (α, β+, β–, γ) Energy of emission Half-life Radiation dose (essentially determined by the parameters above) Radionuclides can be produced by Nuclear reactors Particle accelerators (mainly cyclotrons) M. Silari – Radionuclide production ASP2010 - Stellenbosh (SA) 2 First practical application (as radiotracer) The first practical application of a radioisotope (as radiotracer) was made by G. de Hevesy (a young Hungarian student working with naturally radioactive materials) in Manchester in 1911 (99 years ago!) In 1924 de Hevesy, who had become a physician, used radioactive isotopes of lead as tracers in bone studies. M. Silari – Radionuclide production ASP2010 - Stellenbosh (SA) 3 Brief historical development • 1932: the invention of the cyclotron by E. Lawrence makes it possible to produce radioactive isotopes of a number of biologically important elements • 1937: Hamilton and Stone use radioactive sodium clinically • 1938: Hertz, Roberts and Evans use radioactive iodine in the study of thyroid physiology • 1939: J.H. Lawrence, Scott and Tuttle study leukemia with radioactive phosphorus • 1940: Hamilton and Soley perform studies of iodine metabolism by the thyroid gland in situ by using radioiodine • 1941: first medical cyclotron installed at Washington University, St Louis, for the production of radioactive isotopes of phosphorus, iron, arsenic and sulphur • After WWII: following the development of the fission process, most radioisotopes of medical interest begin to be produced in nuclear reactors • 1951: Cassen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Stable Isotopes of Phosphorus
    Stable Isotopes of Phosphorus Isotope Z(p) N(n) Atomic Mass Natural Abundance Half-life Nuclear Spin P-31 15 16 30.9737620 100.00% Stable 1/2+ Phosphorus was discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand. Its name originates from the Greek word phosphoros, which means “bringer of light.” Elemental phosphorus in its solid phase exists in three major allotropic forms: White or yellow phosphorus is a white, soft, wax-like, transparent mass which often acquires a yellow appearance due to impurities, especially traces of red phosphorus. It has a garlic-like odor. It is made up of cubic crystals, has a density of 1.82 g/cm3, and melts at 44.10 ºC to a colorless or yellowish liquid. When cooled below -76.90 ºC, the cubic alpha form converts to a hexagonal beta modification with a density of 1.88 g/cm3. Red phosphorus is obtained from white phosphorus by heating it to 230-240 ºC, allowing complete conversion to occur in about 48 hours. Conversion is catalyzed by sulfur, iodine and selenium. Red phosphorus exhibits three important modifications: an amorphous form at ordinary temperatures, a triclinic crystalline form (probably most stable), and a hexagonal or tetragonal form that may prevail at higher temperatures. Red phosphorus has a density of 2.00-2.31 g/cm3 and melts at 590 ºC. Black phosphorus occurs in two forms: an amorphous modification having a laminar structure similar to graphite, and an orthorhombic crystalline form. The density of black phosphorus may vary between 2.20 and 2.69 g/cm3. Black phosphorus is obtained from white phosphorus by heating the latter to 220 ºC under an extremely high pressure of about 10,000 atm.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,707,352 Stavrianpoulos 45 Date of Patent: Nov
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,707,352 Stavrianpoulos 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 17, 1987 (54) METHOD OF RADIOACTIVELY LABELNG OTHER PUBLICATIONS DAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICAGENTS CONTAINING ACHELATING GROUP Meares et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 69, 3718-3722 (1972). 75 Inventor: Jannis G. Stavrianpoulos, New York, DeRiemer et al., J. Med. Chem., 22, 1019-1023 (1979). N.Y. Primary Examiner-Christine M. Nucker Attorney, Agent, or Firm-James F. Haley, Jr. (73) Assignee: Enzo Biochem, Inc., New York, N.Y. 57 ABSTRACT A method of forming a therapeutic or diagnostic agent 21 Appl. No.: 575,397 labeled with a radioactive metal ion, which comprises: contacting an unlabeled therapeutic or diagnostic agent, 22) Filed: Jan. 30, 1984 consisting of a substantially non-metal chelating portion and a chelating portion capable of chelating with the (51) Int, C. ...................... A61K 43/00; A61K 49/02 radioactive metal ion, with an ion transfer material (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 424/1.1; 424/9; having the radioactive metal ion bound thereto and 424/85; 424/88; 424/89; 424/92; 530/350; having a binding affinity for the radioactive metal less 530/402; 530/403; 530/405; 530/406; 536/1.1; than the binding affinity of the chelating portion for the 536/26; 536/27; 536/28 radioactive metal ion, wherein prior to contacting the (58) Field of Search ........................ 424/1.1, 9, 85, 88, chelating portion is unchelated or is chelated with a 424/89, 92; 530/350, 402, 403, 405, 406; second metal having a binding affinity with the chelat 536/26-28, 1.1 ing portion less than the binding affinity of the radioac tive metal ion, whereby a radiolabeled therapeutic or (56) References Cited diagnostic agent is formed by the contacting, and sepa U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes For
    Proceedings of CYCLOTRONS 2010, Lanzhou, China FRM2CIO01 REVIEW OF CYCLOTRONS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF RADIO- ISOTOPES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS P. W. Schmor, AAPS Inc., TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada Abstract Hammersmith Hospital in London put into operation a Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the cyclotron wholly dedicated to radionuclide production. shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in Scanditronix was founded in 1961 as a private company the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo- to commercialize cyclotrons for use in the medical field. tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and Radioactive isotopes have both diagnostic and thera- SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are peutic applications in Nuclear Medicine. PET (positron also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro- emission tomography), PET/CT and SPECT (single pho- cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid- ton emission computed tomography) are the main diag- ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 nostic procedures in nuclear medicine. Radioactive iso- MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser- topes for biomedical applications are produced in reactors vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison and with accelerators. Of particular importance for PET of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo- are the short-lived positron emitters, 11C, 13N, 15O and trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of 18F. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen represent basic con- cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In stituents of organic matter and this characteristic permits the future it is expected that there will be a new genera- the labelling of a great variety of radio-pharmaceuticals.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Radiological Methodologies for Sites
    A \ Inventory of Radiological Methodologies For Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials EPA 402-R-06-007 www.epa.gov October 2006 Inventory of Radiological Methodologies For Sites Contaminated With Radioactive Materials U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation Office of Radiation and Indoor Air National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory Montgomery, AL 36115 Inventory of Radiological Methodologies This report was prepared for the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, United States Environmental Protection Agency. It was prepared by Environmental Management Support, Inc., of Silver Spring, Maryland, under contract 68-W-00-084, work assignment 46, and contract 68-W-03-038, work assignments 10 and 26, all managed by David Garman. Mention of trade names or specific applications does not imply endorsement or acceptance by EPA. For further information, contact Dr. John Griggs, U.S. EPA, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601. Inventory of Radiological Methodologies Preface This compendium is part of a continuing effort by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air and the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation to provide guidance to engineers and scientists responsible for managing the cleanup of sites contaminated with radioactive materials. The document focuses on the radionuclides likely to be found in soil and water at cleanup sites contaminated with radioactive materials. However, its general principles apply also to other media that require analysis to support cleanup activities. It is not a complete catalog of analytical method­ ologies, but rather is intended to assist project managers in understanding the concepts, require­ ments, practices, and limitations of radioanalytical laboratory analyses of environmental samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION
    Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION Radiation Medicine and its place among medical disciplines There is uncertainty in the use of term radiation medicine. In world English- language literature and medical practice this term is used rarely and as a synonym of radiation therapy in all its varieties (in particular, radiotherapy with opened radionuclides), and it is absent in the most important English-language terminology dictionaries. In Germany a few known specialized radiological clinics (in the cities of Aachen, Monchengladbach, Munich) in which treatment with radionuclides is performed are named the clinics of radiation medicine. In the first time the term of radiation medicine was used in 1955 in the USSR for denotation of scientific and practical problems of prophylaxis, patho- genesis, diagnostics and treatment of radiation damages (in particular radiation disease): that year guidance was given out for doctors and students of collective of authors under the general release of the known radiobiologist, academician A. Lebedinski with the name of «Radiation Medicine». The questions of physio- pathology, clinic and therapy of radiation illness opened up at the book. After the radiation accidents, especially after Chernobyl NPP accident (1986), that had consequences for hundreds thousands of men and to the study and liquidations of which were attracted large contingents of doctors and researchers, term radiation medicine in the states of the CIS began to live status of current concept, to which they began to include all of problems, tangent prophylaxis, clinical radiobiology (to pathogenic), clinic and treatment of all of types of radiation damages of man. Sometimes as a synonym is used term atomic medicine.
    [Show full text]