technical reportS series no. There is a well developed system of radiological protection of humans which has been implicitly providing protection to the environment for most exposure scenarios. A complementary 479 systematic framework for radiological protection of the environment, specifically considering exposure of wildlife, only began to evolve over the past decade and is now incorporated in the recommendations of the International Technical Reports SeriEs No. 479 Commission on Radiological Protection and is taken into account in IAEA safety standards. For many years, the IAEA has supported efforts to develop models for radiological assessments for members of the public, and for flora and fauna. The most common approach to estimate radionuclide transfer to wildlife is to use a ‘concentration ratio’ to predict the activity Handbook of concentration of a radionuclide in the whole Handbook of Parameter organism from the activity concentration in the soil, sediment, water or air. This handbook Parameter Values provides generic transfer parameters in the form of concentration ratio values for use in Wildlife to Transfer for the Prediction of Radionuclide Values for the Prediction of assessment of ionizing radiation exposure to wildlife as a consequence of the presence of radionuclides in the environment. Radionuclide Transfer to Wildlife INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–100714–8 ISSN 0074–1914 14-02111_PUBDOC479_cover.indd 1-3 2014-08-26 09:08:57 RELATED PUBLICATIONS IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS AND RELATED PUBLICATIONS GENERIC MODELS FOR USE IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS DISCHARGES OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES TO THE ENVIRONMENT Safety Reports Series No. 19 Under the terms of Article III of its Statute, the IAEA is authorized to establish or adopt STI/PUB/1103 (216 pp.; 2001) standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property, and ISBN 92–0–100501–6 Price: €51.00 to provide for the application of these standards. The publications by means of which the IAEA establishes standards are issued in the IAEA Safety Standards Series. This series covers nuclear safety, radiation safety, transport safety and waste safety. The publication categories in the series are Safety Fundamentals, SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS AND CONCENTRATION Safety Requirements and Safety Guides. FACTORS FOR BIOTA IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT Information on the IAEA’s safety standards programme is available on the IAEA Internet Technical Reports Series No. 422 site STI/DOC/010/422 (95 pp.; 2004) http://www-ns.iaea.org/standards/ ISBN 92–0–114403–2 Price: €19.00 The site provides the texts in English of published and draft safety standards. The texts of safety standards issued in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish, the IAEA Safety Glossary and a status report for safety standards under development are also available. For HANDBOOK OF PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE PREDICTION OF further information, please contact the IAEA at: Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria. RADIONUCLIDE TRANSFER IN TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER All users of IAEA safety standards are invited to inform the IAEA of experience in their ENVIRONMENTS use (e.g. as a basis for national regulations, for safety reviews and for training courses) for the Technical Reports Series No. 472 purpose of ensuring that they continue to meet users’ needs. Information may be provided via STI/DOC/010/472 (194 pp.; 2010) the IAEA Internet site or by post, as above, or by email to Offi [email protected]. ISBN 978–92–0–113009–9 Price: €45.00 RELATED PUBLICATIONS The IAEA provides for the application of the standards and, under the terms of Articles III and VIII.C of its Statute, makes available and fosters the exchange of information relating to peaceful nuclear activities and serves as an intermediary among its Member States for this purpose. Reports on safety in nuclear activities are issued as Safety Reports, which provide practical examples and detailed methods that can be used in support of the safety standards. Other safety related IAEA publications are issued as Emergency Preparedness and Response publications, Radiological Assessment Reports, the International Nuclear Safety Group’s INSAG Reports, Technical Reports and TECDOCs. The IAEA also issues reports on radiological accidents, training manuals and practical manuals, and other special safety related publications. Security related publications are issued in the IAEA Nuclear Security Series. The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series comprises informational publications to encourage and assist research on, and the development and practical application of, nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. It includes reports and guides on the status of and advances in technology, and on experience, good practices and practical examples in the areas of nuclear power, the nuclear fuel cycle, radioactive waste management and decommissioning. www.iaea.org/books 14-02111_PUBDOC479_cover.indd 4-6 2014-08-26 09:08:57 HANDBOOK OF PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE PREDICTION OF RADIONUCLIDE TRANSFER TO WILDLIFE The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA OMAN ALBANIA GREECE PAKISTAN ALGERIA GUATEMALA PALAU ANGOLA HAITI PANAMA ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARMENIA HONDURAS PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PERU AUSTRIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN INDIA POLAND BAHAMAS INDONESIA PORTUGAL BAHRAIN IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BANGLADESH IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELARUS IRELAND ROMANIA BELGIUM ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELIZE ITALY RWANDA BENIN JAMAICA SAN MARINO BOLIVIA JAPAN SAUDI ARABIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JORDAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA KAZAKHSTAN SERBIA BRAZIL KENYA SEYCHELLES BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE BULGARIA KUWAIT SINGAPORE BURKINA FASO KYRGYZSTAN SLOVAKIA BURUNDI LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SLOVENIA CAMBODIA REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON LATVIA SPAIN CANADA LEBANON SRI LANKA CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SUDAN REPUBLIC LIBERIA SWAZILAND CHAD LIBYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CROATIA MALI TOGO CUBA MALTA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS TUNISIA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA, ISLAMIC TURKEY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC REPUBLIC OF UGANDA OF THE CONGO MAURITIUS UKRAINE DENMARK MEXICO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DOMINICA MONACO UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONTENEGRO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA ERITREA MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA NAMIBIA URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN FIJI NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN FINLAND NEW ZEALAND REPUBLIC OF FRANCE NICARAGUA VIET NAM GABON NIGER YEMEN GEORGIA NIGERIA ZAMBIA GERMANY NORWAY ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 479 HANDBOOK OF PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE PREDICTION OF RADIONUCLIDE TRANSFER TO WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2014 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2014 Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 2014 STI/DOC/010/479 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer to wildlife. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2014. p. ; 24 cm. — (Technical reports series, ISSN 0074–1914 ; no. 479) STI/DOC/010/479 ISBN 978–92–0–100714–8 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Radioisotopes — Migration — Mathematical models. 2. Radioisotopes — Environmenal aspects. 3. Radioactive pollution. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series: Technical reports series (International Atomic Energy Agency) ; 479. IAEAL 14–00902 COPYRIGHT NOTICE FOREWORD All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of For many years, the IAEA has published materials aimed at supporting the the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised assessment of the impact of radioactive releases to the environment, including in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual guidance on both the assessment of doses to members of the public and associated Property Organization (Geneva) to include