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The Game for Regional Hegemony: China's Obor and India's Strategic Response
Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations e-ISSN 2238-6912 | ISSN 2238-6262| v.7, n.13, Jan./Jun. 2018 | p.159-196 THE GAME FOR REGIONAL HEGEMONY: CHINA’S OBOR AND INDIA’S STRATEGIC RESPONSE Anshuman Rahul1 Introduction The Chinese have always felt the historic ownership of the Silk Road and that was valiantly challenged by the former US Department of State, Hillary Clinton during her speech in Chennai, India on 20th July 2011 when she remarked, “’New Silk Road’ is a long-term vision of an international eco- nomic and transit network that links Central and South Asia, with Afghani- stan at its heart” (US Department of State 2011). The Chinese establishment was completely perplexed as Hillary Clinton had used the term Silk Road to explain the ‘US policy’. They considered as if they were being robbed of their history of more than 2000 years which signified their commercial ties with the outside world and provided a lifeline to Chinese economy. Source: Silkroutes.net (2017) 1 Assistannt Professor in Department of Political Science at RSP College, Jharia, Dhanbad (Vi- noba Bhave University), Jahrkhand, India. PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. E-mail: [email protected]. 159 The Game for Regional Hegemony: China’s OBOR and India’s Strategic Response Ferdinand von Richthofen, a renowned German geographer and trav- eler in 1877 after his expedition to China had formally referred to the network of trade routes established by the Han dynasty as ‘Seidenstrasse’ (Silk Road) or ‘Seidenstrassen’ (Silk Routes). This network of trade routes had been in use since 130 BC but came to an abrupt end in 1453 AD as the Ottoman empire boycotted the trade with the west. -
Evolution of China-Sri Lanka Relations
Evolution of China-Sri Lanka Relations Ms. Gunjan Singh’s research interests include international relations, developments in China and space security. She has pursued her scholarship with various well known think tanks and has authored as well as edited many papers for national and international journals. Presently, she is an Associate Fellow at the VIF, New Delhi. — 2 — Evolution of China-Sri Lanka Relations Evolution of China-Sri Lanka Relations Introduction Over the last ten years China has been paying renewed attention to its ties with Sri Lanka. There has been a large rise in Chinese investments in various projects in Sri Lanka. Beijing has also diplomatically supported Colombo on various issues, especially on charges of human rights violations. In return, Sri Lanka has played an important role in helping China enhance its influence and prestige in the South Asian region. Notably, since taking over as president, Xi Jinping has accorded special focus to this relationship. Xi visited Sri Lanka in September 2014, the first visit by any Chinese President, in 28 years.1 A study of the growing Chinese involvement in Sri Lanka could be divided into two phases. The first would roughly coincide with the end of the Eelam War in May 2009 under President Rajapaksa, to the end of 2014. The next phase would constitute the period from January 2015 when Rajapaksa lost the election and Sirisena assumed the presidency, to till date. The period under Rajapaksa was marked by major initiatives to strengthen the relationship with China. The warmth between China and Sri Lanka grew after 2009 because China was one of the few countries that continued to supply arms and defence equipment to the Sri Lankan Army during its war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). -
China International Studies Printer: Beijing BOHS Color Printing Co., Ltd
Advisors Tang Jiaxuan Li Zhaoxing Chairman Qi Zhenhong Deputy Chairmen Ruan Zongze Xu Jian Editor-in-Chief Ruan Zongze Executive Editors Jiang Zhida Wu Shaojie Senior Copy Editors William Jones Benjamin Green Members Shaun Breslin (UK) Dong Manyuan Guo Xiangang Liu Jiangyong Alexander Lukin (Russia) Qi Zhenhong Qin Yaqing Rong Ying Ruan Zongze Shi Ze Michael Swaine (US) Su Ge Wang Jisi Xing Guangcheng Xu Jian Yang Jiemian Yuan Jian Zhou Hong Patron: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC Sponsor: China Institute of International Studies Publisher: Editorial Department of China International Studies Printer: Beijing BOHS Color Printing Co., Ltd. The views expressed in this journal are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of CIIS or the institutions to which the authors are attached. We sincerely welcome and appreciate submissions from scholars and specialists. Please send submissions to [email protected]. Those who wish to subscribe to the journal are invited to call the subscription service on 010-85119538 or to send an email to [email protected]. For further information, please visit our website: www.ciis.org.cn/gyzz. Number 72 • September/October 2018 Contents 5 New Developments of US-Russia Relations and China’s Policy Choice Feng Yujun & Shang Yue Instead of achieving a restart, the US-Russia relationship has fallen to freezing point under the Trump administration. The bilateral structural conflicts, with profound historical logic and realistic roots, have expanded from geopolitics and strategic balance to domestic politics and values. For a long time to come, “limited opponents” will become the “new normal” of US-Russia relations. -
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sri Lanka Annual Performance
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS SRI LANKA ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT 2017 MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Contents Page No 1. Mission, Subjects and Functions of the Ministry of Foreign 1 Affairs 2. Preface 3 - 5 3. Organizational Chart of the Ministry 7 4. Progress Report of the Divisions - Africa Division 9 - 27 - Consular Affairs Division 29 - 35 - East Asia and Pacific Division 37 - 80 - Economic Affairs and Trade Division 81 - 88 - European Union, Multilateral Treaties and Commonwealth 89 - 95 Division - Finance Division 97 - 102 - General Administration Division 103 - 106 - Legal Division 107 - 112 - Middle East 113 - 134 - Ocean Affairs and Climate Change Division 135 - 142 - Overseas Administration Division 143 - 149 - Overseas Sri Lankan Division 151 - 154 - Policy Planning Division 155 - 157 - Protocol Division 159 - 167 - Public Communications Division 169 - 172 - South Asia and SAARC Division 173 - 184 - United Nations and Human Rights Division 185 - 192 - United States of America and Canada Division 193 - 201 - West Division 203 - 229 5. Network of Diplomatic Missions Abroad 231 6. Revenue collected by Sri Lanka Missions Abroad in 2017 233 - 235 7. Consular activities carried out by Sri Lanka Missions Abroad - 236 - 238 2017 Vision To be a responsible nation within the international community and to maintain friendly relations with all countries. Mission The Promotion, Projection and Protection of Sri Lanka’s national interests internationally, in accordance with the foreign policy of the Government and to advise the Government on managing foreign relations in keeping with Sri Lanka’s national interests. Subjects and Functions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Implementation of political plans and programmes in respect of Foreign Affairs; Representation of Sri Lanka abroad; International Agreements and Treaties; Foreign Government and international organization’s representation in Sri Lanka; External publicity; Diplomatic immunities and privileges and Consular functions. -
Die Parlamentswahlen Vom 5. Dezember 2001 Und Die
Marlies Salazar Die Parlaments- wahlen vom 5. Dezember 2001 und die Regierungsneu- bildung in Sri Lanka Am 5. Dezember 2001 fanden Überraschende Neuwahl in Sri Lanka vorgezogene des Parlaments in Sri Lanka Neuwahlen zum Parlament statt. Nach den gewalttätig- Obwohl das 11. Parlament von Sri Lanka erst am 10. sten Wahlen seit der Unab- Oktober 2000 gewählt wurde, also vor einem knap- hängigkeit dieses Landes pen Jahr, hat Präsidentin Kumaratunga am 11. Okto- hat Sri Lanka eine neue Re- gierung. Aufgrund des über- ber 2001 überraschend das Parlament aufgelöst und wältigenden Siegs der Oppo- Neuwahlen für den 5. Dezember 2001 anberaumt. Ihre sition sah Präsidentin Regierung hatte die Mehrheit verloren, und nachdem Chandrika Kumaratunga am 10. Oktober viele prominente Mitglieder ihrer sich genötigt, Oppositions- führer Ranil Wickreme- Partei von der Regierungsbank zur Oppositionsbank singhe zu bitten, Premier- überwechselten, wurde ihr klar, dass sie einem Miss- minister zu werden und eine trauensantrag diesmal nicht entgehen konnte. Um ihr neue Regierung zu bilden. Nach sieben Jahren Miss- Gesicht nicht zu verlieren, löste sie das Parlament wirtschaft durch die Peo- kurz nach Mitternacht am 11. Oktober 2001 auf und ple’s Alliance (PA) hat die setzte Neuwahlen für den 5. Dezember 2001 an. neue Regierung unter Die letzten Parlamentswahlen hatten wie gesagt Führung der United Natio- nal Party (UNP) ein schwe- erst ein Jahr zuvor stattgefunden. Damals hatte die res Erbe übernommen. People’s Alliance (PA), die 107 Sitze gewann (45,10 Schwerwiegende politische Prozent der Stimmen), den Sieg davongetragen. Zweit- und wirtschaftliche Pro- stärkste Partei wurde die United National Party (UNP) bleme müssen gelöst werden. -
TRADE 272 US Kids Catalog 2017 V7.Indd
2017 Catalog Incredible Cabinet COME of Wonders EXPLORE! 100 little doors to weird and wonderful artifacts from the 857! This is a very special number for Lonely Planet Kids. It’s the number of local experts that we can call upon world’s great museums from all four corners of the globe when we create our books. They Open tiny doors, large doors, and strange doors to museum collections around the world – and discover their most astonishing, weird, and surprising objects. This extraordinary life-the-flap book contains 14 themed cabinets, help us to achieve our aim of showing our readers 5-12 years what an from toy makers and treasure hunters, to sailors and archaeologists. Each cabinet is beautifully brought to life by a amazing and rich diversity of people, places and cultures surrounds us. different illustrator and full-color photography. $21.99 | October 2017 | 9781787011045 | 9.1" x 10.6" | Hardback | 28 pp | Ages 8–12 And this incredible expertise means we can offer brilliant reference titles like THE ANIMAL BOOK, innovative novelty books like DINOSAUR ATLAS and INCREDIBLE CABINET OF WONDERS. 2017 will also bring awesome additions to our essential CITY TRAILS series, including WASHINGTON D.C., with unique insights into the world’s great metropolises. And this year you can learn to say ‘apple’ in three languages with FIRST WORDS and solve the world’s most cunning mazes with MAZE ADVENTURES Wow! It’s going to be a big adventure! Tim Cook Publisher, Lonely Planet Kids COVER NOT FINAL 1 The animal book The earth book 118 incredible creatures and how we share our planet with them How our planet was shaped by the four elements Animals are all around us, but sometimes we forget just Planet Earth. -
Dictionary of Geotourism Anze Chen • Young Ng • Erkuang Zhang Mingzhong Tian Editors
Dictionary of Geotourism Anze Chen • Young Ng • Erkuang Zhang Mingzhong Tian Editors Dictionary of Geotourism With 635 Figures and 12 Tables Editors Anze Chen Young Ng Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences The Geological Society of Australia Beijing, China Sydney, NSW, Australia Erkuang Zhang Mingzhong Tian The Geological Society of China China University of Geosciences Beijing, China Beijing, China ISBN 978-981-13-2537-3 ISBN 978-981-13-2538-0 (eBook) ISBN 978-981-13-2539-7 (print and electronic bundle) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0 Jointly published with Science Press, Beijing, China ISBN: 978-7-03-058981-1 Science Press, Beijing, China © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for gecneral use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
COMMENT 180 – Sino-Sri Lankan Relations and the Hambantota Port
COMMENT COMMENT 180 – Sino-Sri Lankan relations and the Hambantota Port By Deshika Elapata 28 April 2020 - ISSN NUMBER: 2406-5617 Deshika Elapata is SADF’s Research Assistant. She graduated with a Master’s Degree in International Relations with a specialisation in Global Conflict in the Modern Era, from the University of Leiden in The Netherlands. Her dissertation focused on the (de) securitization of climate induced migration and the recognition of climate refugees. She obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Science from the University of Tilburg. She joined SADF after an internship at the European Institute for Asian Studies. Debt trap diplomacy? In Sri Lanka, the Hambantota Port project funded and initiated under the - government led by President Mahinda Rajapaksa in 2007, is by far the most salient project. China’s involvement and considerable impacts on the Sri Lankan economy since the 2000s are well documented (Panda, 2014, September; Chaudhury, 2019, December). Thus, and unsurprisingly, Sri Lanka is one of the many recipients of Chinese investment in infrastructure – notably, investment linked to the Belt and Road Initiative which started in 2013. The BRI, deemed – either out of contempt or approval -, a bold development project of our era, was introduced in 2013 by President Xi Jinping’s Government, claiming to promote multidimensional connectivity between China and Asia as well as other regions of the world (Wolf, 2019, p. v). The Hambantota Port project began as part of Sri Lanka’s own developmental plans. Mahinda Rajapaksa was keen on establishing a commercial port in the South of the island as it lay across vital sea lanes. -
Unfolding Journeys
THE CAVE OF A 8 JIAYUGUAN FORTRESS 1 THE TURPAN BASIN Before us stands one of China’s best-known 20 JIUQUAN SPACE CENTER THOUSAND BUDDHAS fortresses, a stout brick castle that guarded This enormous hole, almost twice the size 4 the “First and Greatest Pass Under Heaven.” 16 JIUQUAN, THE We’re now in Jiuquan. It’s an 31 of Massachusetts, is 508 ft. (155 m) Welcome to the art gallery of interesting place, but not that 27 DESERT FOREST OF INNER MONGOLIA the desert! The 492 caves near spring OF WINE interesting. So why all the below sea level. It’s the fourth-lowest as looped off to . Dunhuang contain over 2,000 Chinese tourists? They’re on T River h ont the le re place on Earth that’s not underwater We’ve taken the bus a few EUPHRATES POPLARS he Yellow l as it c inues e ft, and we’ sculptures and 484,000 their way to the Jiuquan f he wal astwar e These Euphrates poplar ollowing t er with Inner Mo d along th sq. ft. (45,000 sq m) miles east to Jiuquan, the Space Center! bord ngolia. trees in Ejina are tough of wall paintings. Spring of Wine! enough to create a forest in the desert. 3 FINE VINES Time to stop for a healthy snack: the city of Turpan 12 WEI-JIN BRICK TOMBS on the western edge of the 6 Th ese painted tombs are really 17 SHANDAN HOR Turpan Basin produces the an art galle SE RA 21 ry – in fact, the biggest e’ve taken a br NCH KHARA KHOTO best raisins in the world. -