DOCSLIB.ORG

China Offers Great Growth for Turfgrass Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China Offers Great Growth for Turfgrass Industry China offers great growth for turfgrass industry By Karl Danneberger The Ohio State University The Peoples Square in Dalian is the focal point of the city's main visitor area. ecently, I attended the 2001 Inter- From a global perspective, national Turf and Golfing Confer- Rence and Expo in Dalian, China the turfgrass industry — from August 29 through September 1. whether in parks, sports turf This was the second visit I have made to China in the last year. or golf - has the greatest My hope is to provide you with some potential for growth in of my observations of China and the turf- grass industry. Given the few visits I have China. made, my observations could be construed as rather myopic. I would say however In China, Dalian is known as the "Black that I think the turfgrass industry - Pearl" due to its beauty. Approximately 10 whether in parks, sports turf, or golf - years ago, the city focused its attention on from a global perspective has the greatest enhancing its beauty and the surrounding potential for growth in China. areas through a massive landscaping pro- ject. Dalian landscape project The focus of the effort was to create Dalian is located in the northeastern part of green spaces through the creation or ren- China (northeast of Beijing) along the Yel- ovation of parks, large city squares and to low Sea. The city itself is not that old, a lesser extent golf course development. around 100 years old, with a population of Turfgrasses used are not much different between 3.5 to 5.0 million people. The than what we would use in the temperate architecture of the city strikes me as being regions of the United States. quite western and is considerably more "laid In parks and large recreational areas, back" than Beijing, Shanghai or Shenzhen. Kentucky bluegrass is the turf of choice. J INTERNATIONAL REPORT One of the golf courses under con- struction in Dalian. This course is being built along the Yellow Sea. Typically one finds perennial ryegrass tees and fairways and creeping bent- grass on greens. The varieties of choice on golf courses Knowledge levels (at least the ones I saw) are predominant- The knowledge base for maintaining turf- ly Kentucky bluegrass in the roughs, grass is growing but is still not at the level perennial ryegrass tees and fairways and found in the United States. Thus, turfgrass creeping bentgrass on greens. conferences that are staged around China In Dalian, and also in Beijing, summer are extremely temperatures are usually quite warm. I Golf course important in pro- observed many of the diseases we would viding informa- associate with warm weather like summer superinten- tion for maintain- patch (Magnaporthe poae) on Kentucky dents in ing turf under bluegrass, brown patch [Rhizoctonia local conditions. solani) on perennial ryegrass and dollar China were The turf grass spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) on creeping enthusiastic, conference that I bentgrass. As you move farther south attended in through Wuhan (transition zone) tall fes- willing to ask Dalian was start- cue is used more and into the southern questions and ed to help pro- coastal regions bermudagrass and zoysia- vide information grass. share experi- to golf course On some of the golf courses that I vis- ences even superintendents. ited, the water issues — both quantity and The confer- quality — are major concerns (not much with a lan- ence in many different than here). guage barrier ways reflects the Soccer (as in much of the world) is the potential of the most popular sport played on athletic turfgrass industry in China, initially a turfs. Little, if any, turfgrass is used on moderately attended conference but the sports fields below the professional or potential for growth is great. The confer- elite team situation. The traffic and wear ence itself ran for three days with both that most of the school fields are subject- educational sessions and a trade show. ed to is so intense that sustaining turf is One of the great things that I like about nearly impossible. the turfgrass industry in the United States is the quest for new information and a Turf Grass Trends OCTOBER 2001 willingness to share ideas and new infor- with customers, and also served as tour mation. This was demonstrated with the guide. These translators were English range of speakers from academia (both majors at the local colleges and universi- the U.S. and China) to industry represen- ties who had a chance to "practice" their tatives (again from both the U.S. and English. The vast majority of Chinese stu- China) and Chinese golf course superin- dents from grade school through high tendents. school study English. My experience from traveling globally is the universal quest for turf managers to English is common learn as much as they can. The golf course I was surprised how many people "on the superintendents in China were enthusias- street" have some sort of English profi- tic, willing to ask questions, and share ciency. Interestingly, university students in experiences even with a language barrier. the United States often complain about The facilities for the conference facili- their dormitory rooms, in China almost all ties and hotel accommodations were of the students living in dormitory rooms excellent. The hotel I stayed in was simi- share them with six to seven other stu- lar to any Marriott or Hilton. I could dents. watch HBO or CNN (in English) on the The friends that I have made in China room TVs. In Dalian, as in other major have the same personal concerns that we cities in China, hotels that cater to an have. Parents worry about how well their international clientele provide amenities children score on the national tests and like restaurants and shops similar to those which college or university their children found in any European or U.S. city. If you will attend. They worry about their jobs get away from the major metropolitan and making money as much as we do. areas it gets a littler rougher. There is a strong work ethic among the And, yes, I found the food to be excel- Chinese in that they are always "busy" and lent! working. The Chinese put a lot of time in The international speakers and developing relationships and these rela- exhibitors were provided (if needed) a tionships become cornerstones for doing translator who helped in translating business. speeches, helped exhibitors communicate The Dalian Expo Center was the home base for those attending the International Turf and Golfing Conference. ¡INTERNATIONAL REPORT The biggest change for me personally in visiting China is reconciliation of my prior preconceptions of China (those per- ceptions developed growing up in the 1960s and 70s] with how it is now. What strikes me about China is the contrasts in the country are so startling, that it is almost impossible to take in at once. China has undergone a massive change in the last 20 years. The economic growth path that China is currently on will make it a global force in the future. It does however have major problems in dealing with growth (economic discrep- The sessions held at the conference were aimed at pro- ancies), and its population. viding information to golf course superintendents. From a turfgrass perspective, how China develops this industry will be Market potential something we should all watch. China has developed free trade zones that encourage capitalism as a means for Karl Danneberger was an invited speaker to the first annual International Turf and expanding their economy. These zones and Golfing Conference and Expo in Dalian China the general positive attitude of the govern- August 28 through September 7, 2001. He ment toward free trade have provided spoke on managing creeping bentgrass opportunities for trade with China includ- greens and maintaining turfgrass in shade. ing the turfgrass industry. Dr. Danneberger has traveled and spoken Given the market (population and land throughout China over the years. size), there is tremendous potential in China. However, as businesses opportuni- ties expand, understanding the culture and how the Chinese work becomes crit- ical for reducing frustration and increasing success. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The First Real-Estate Development by Japanese Developers in Changchun, Jilin Province, China Marubeni Coporation and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd
    July 18, 2013 Marubeni Corporation Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd. The First Real-Estate Development by Japanese Developers in Changchun, Jilin Province, China Marubeni Coporation and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd. set off the Joint Development –“Changchun Jingyue Project (Tentative)” <Perspective of the project> Marubeni Corporation (“Marubeni”) and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd. (“Mitsubishi Jisho Residence”), as the first Japanese developers, plan to implement a real-estate development project with Jilin Weifeng Industry Co., Ltd. (“Weifeng”), a local Chinese developer, in Changchun, China. This project, as our first project in Changchun, with an area of 130,000 square meters, is located in Changchun Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (“Jingyue DZ”), concentrating on Town House and Residential. The Project Company, Changchun Top Chance Property Development Co., Ltd. (“Changchun Top Chance”) owned by Marubeni (40%), Weifeng (35%) and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence (25%), has started the construction for the release this coming fall. Changchun is the capital of Jilin Province, also a core city in the northeastern part of China, with a population of 7,620,000. It is administered as one of 15 sub-provincial cities which are independent and equivalent to provinces. Having a solid industrial basis including automobile manufacturing as typified by FAW (First Automotive Works) Group, along with manufacturing transportation facilities and processing agricultural products, Changchun is continuing double digit economic growth, which is higher than the national average. Jingyue DZ is a national-level development zone approved by the State Council in August, 2012, with an area of 479 square kilometers, of which about half of the area, 243 square kilometers, consists of forest and a lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities
    Appendix 1: Rank of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities © The Author(s) 2018 149 Y. Zheng, K. Deng, State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao’s China, 1993–2012, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6 150 First-tier cities (4) Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen First-tier cities-to-be (15) Chengdu Hangzhou Wuhan Nanjing Chongqing Tianjin Suzhou苏州 Appendix Rank 1: of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities Xi’an Changsha Shenyang Qingdao Zhengzhou Dalian Dongguan Ningbo Second-tier cities (30) Xiamen Fuzhou福州 Wuxi Hefei Kunming Harbin Jinan Foshan Changchun Wenzhou Shijiazhuang Nanning Changzhou Quanzhou Nanchang Guiyang Taiyuan Jinhua Zhuhai Huizhou Xuzhou Yantai Jiaxing Nantong Urumqi Shaoxing Zhongshan Taizhou Lanzhou Haikou Third-tier cities (70) Weifang Baoding Zhenjiang Yangzhou Guilin Tangshan Sanya Huhehot Langfang Luoyang Weihai Yangcheng Linyi Jiangmen Taizhou Zhangzhou Handan Jining Wuhu Zibo Yinchuan Liuzhou Mianyang Zhanjiang Anshan Huzhou Shantou Nanping Ganzhou Daqing Yichang Baotou Xianyang Qinhuangdao Lianyungang Zhuzhou Putian Jilin Huai’an Zhaoqing Ningde Hengyang Dandong Lijiang Jieyang Sanming Zhoushan Xiaogan Qiqihar Jiujiang Longyan Cangzhou Fushun Xiangyang Shangrao Yingkou Bengbu Lishui Yueyang Qingyuan Jingzhou Taian Quzhou Panjin Dongying Nanyang Ma’anshan Nanchong Xining Yanbian prefecture Fourth-tier cities (90) Leshan Xiangtan Zunyi Suqian Xinxiang Xinyang Chuzhou Jinzhou Chaozhou Huanggang Kaifeng Deyang Dezhou Meizhou Ordos Xingtai Maoming Jingdezhen Shaoguan
    [Show full text]
  • This Is Northeast China Report Categories: Market Development Reports Approved By: Roseanne Freese Prepared By: Roseanne Freese
    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 12/30/2016 GAIN Report Number: SH0002 China - Peoples Republic of Post: Shenyang This is Northeast China Report Categories: Market Development Reports Approved By: Roseanne Freese Prepared By: Roseanne Freese Report Highlights: Home to winter sports, ski resorts, and ancient Manchurian towns, Dongbei or Northeastern China is home to 110 million people. With a down-home friendliness resonant of the U.S. Midwest, Dongbei’s denizens are the largest buyer of U.S. soybeans and are China’s largest consumers of beef and lamb. Dongbei companies, processors and distributors are looking for U.S. products. Dongbei importers are seeking consumer-ready products such as red wine, sports beverages, and chocolate. Processors and distributors are looking for U.S. hardwoods, potato starch, and aquatic products. Liaoning Province is also set to open China’s seventh free trade zone in 2018. If selling to Dongbei interests you, read on! General Information: This report provides trends, statistics, and recommendations for selling to Northeast China, a market of 110 million people. 1 This is Northeast China: Come See and Come Sell! Home to winter sports, ski resorts, and ancient Manchurian towns, Dongbei or Northeastern China is home to 110 million people. With a down-home friendliness resonant of the U.S. Midwest, Dongbei’s denizens are the largest buyer of U.S. soybeans and are China’s largest consumers of beef and lamb. Dongbei companies, processors and distributors are looking for U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Evolution of the Chinese Port System (221BC-2010AD) Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet
    Regional resilience and spatial cycles: Long-term evolution of the Chinese port system (221BC-2010AD) Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet To cite this version: Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet. Regional resilience and spatial cycles: Long-term evolution of the Chinese port system (221BC-2010AD). Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, Wiley, 2013, 104 (5), pp.521-538. 10.1111/tesg.12033. halshs-00831906 HAL Id: halshs-00831906 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00831906 Submitted on 28 Sep 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Regional resilience and spatial cycles: long-term evolution of the Chinese port system (221 BC - 2010 AD) Chengjin WANG Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100101, China [email protected] César DUCRUET1 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 8504 Géographie-cités F-75006 Paris, France [email protected] Pre-final version of the paper published in Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Vol. 104, No. 5, pp. 521-538. Abstract Spatial models of port system evolution often depict linearly the emergence of hierarchy through successive concentration phases of originally scattered ports.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh Chittagong China Hong Kong Shenzhen
    Japan Tokyo 14 Dalian Seoul 15 Yokohama 17 South 13 Tianjin 8 16 Korea 12 Osaka-wan 10 Inch'on Kobe 7 6 9 Beijing Qingdao Busan Australia Australia 34 Brisbane 34 Brisbane Australia Australia 3 Shanghai Australia Brisbane 34 34 Brisbane 34 Brisbane China Taipei Australia Brisbane 29 34 New Delhi 21 Australia Taiwan Brisbane 5 Kao-hsiung Sydney 34 Guangzhou 32 Sydney 11 Perth 32 Hong Kong 36 Adelaide 2 Perth Bangladesh 36 35 Adelaide 4 35 Shenzhen Sydney Sydney Chittagong Sydney 32 32 Nagpur 23 Perth Perth Adelaide 32 18 Perth 36 36 Adelaide Mumbai (Bombay) 20 Philippines 36 Adelaide 35 35 Manila 27 Melbourne35 India 33 Melbourne 33 Sydney 32 Perth Thailand 36 Adelaide Sydney Auckland 35 Melbourne 32 Melbourne Vietnam Perth Melbourne 33 33 37 Auckland Bangkok 30 36 Adelaide33 37 Bangalore 22 19 Chennai (Madras) 35 31 Ho Chi Minh City Auckland Auckland Auckland 37 37 Melbourne New Zealand 37 33 New Zealand Melbourne Colombo 28 Sri Lanka Main Transport Terminals Trade(import-export) value Population (million people) 33 Malaysia Connections (billion US dollars) in 2007 AucklandNew Zealand 37 New Zealand Kuala Lumpur New Zealand Road Asia Highway >1000 0 - 2 Auckland 25 Network 37 26 Port of Tanjung 1 Indonesia International Airport 500 - 1000 2 - 5 Pelepas Singapore River New Zealand Sea Harbour 100 - 500 5 - 10 New Zealand River Harbour <100 0 245 490 Miles > 10 Free Economic Zone Jakarta 24 0 245 490 KM 1. Singapore 2. Hong Kong 3. Shanghai 4. Shenzhen 5. Kaohsiung 6. Busan 7. Beijing 8. Dalian Singapore is the world’s biggest container port with yearly throughput Hong Kong is a hub port serving the South Asian Pacific region and Shanghai is the power house for the economic growth of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Dalian VTS Guide for Users
    Dalian VTS Guide for Users rd 3 Edition DALIAN MARITIME SAFETY ADMINISTRATION OF P.R.CHINA DALIAN VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE CENTER Introduction The aim of this Guide is to provide vessel traffic service users with a brief introduction to Dalian Vessel Traffic Service (hereinafter referred to as Dalian VTS) ， and the requirements of the Dalian Vessel Traffic Service Center (hereinafter referred to as VTS Center) concerning vessel traffic management and service, as well as relevant information, in order to promote the safety of navigation, maintain the order of vessel traffic, improve vessel traffic efficiency and environmental protection, promote the development of the shipping industry and achieve better understanding and cooperation between VTS Center and users. Dalian VTS, established by Dalian Maritime Safety Administration, is a system that manages and controls vessel traffic and provides information services in order to strengthen the safety of vessel traffic, maintain the order of vessel traffic, improve its efficiency and protect environment. In VTS Area , VTS Center is responsible for implementing vessel traffic management. This edition of guide is the latest edition, which replaces the previous editions of Dalian VTS Guide for Users. 1 Management Bases VTS Center manages vessel traffic, provides vessels traffic service and supports joint action inside Dalian VTS Area in accordance with the Maritime Traffic Safety Laws of P.R.C, the Safety Management Regulations of Vessel Traffic Service of P.R.C relevant laws, rules and regulations, and the Safety Management Regulations of Dalian Vessel Traffic Service. Following regulations have been implemented inside Dalian VTS Area: Dasanshan Channel Traffic Separation Scheme inside Dalian Port, Ship’s Routeing inside Laotieshan Channel, Ship Reporting Scheme inside Laotieshan Channel, the Implementation Regulation of Ship’s Routeing inside Laotieshan Channel etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Dalian American International School Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
    SCHOOL PROFILES Dalian American International School Dalian, Liaoning Province, China ABOUT DAIS Dalian American International School (DAIS) serves children of foreign residents and passport-holders living in Dalian, China and neighboring areas. Since its founding in 2006, DAIS has provided challenging, collaborative and responsive experiences that engage Pre-K through Grade 12 students in developing intellect and character. At DAIS, students experience a broad range of academic subjects and co- curricular activities delivered by an experienced staff of international educators. Learners and teachers alike are afforded the very best in academic and co-curricular programming. MISSION DAIS facilitates a challenging, collaborative, and responsive learning environment that develops student intellect, character, and health. At DAIS, every learner strives to achieve personal excellence and contributes to the global community. 2018-2019 DAIS BY THE NUMBERS Students: 290 | Countries represented: 25+ | Student to Faculty Ratio : 9:1 | Faculty: 68 ACCREDITATION AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMS DAIS is fully accredited by the Council of International Schools (CIS), Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), and the National Center for School Curriculum and Textbook Development (China Government). DAIS is proud to offer diverse AP courses, and across all grade levels, curriculum is guided by by both age-specific philosophies and overarching goals of student learning, balance, and growth. FACULTY 80+% of the DAIS overseas hires are from the US. The staff is made of experienced teachers hailing from 9 differet countries, including Canada, China, England, and more. All faculty members hold a bachelor degree, and nearly two-thirds of the faculty have a master’s degree or higher.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pearl River Delta Region Portion of Guangdong Province) Has Made the Region Even More Attractive to Investors
    The Greater Pearl River Delta Guangzhou Zhaoqing Foshan Huizhou Dongguan Zhongshan Shenzhen Jiangemen Zhuhai Hong Kong Macao A report commissioned by Invest Hong Kong 6th Edition The Greater Pearl River Delta 6th Edition Authors Michael J. Enright Edith E. Scott Richard Petty Enright, Scott & Associates Editorial Invest Hong Kong EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Greater Pearl River Delta Executive Authors Michael J. Enright Edith E. Scott Summary Richard Petty Enright, Scott & Associates Editorial Invest Hong Kong Background First Published April 2003 Invest Hong Kong is pleased to publish the sixth edition of ‘The Greater Pearl Second Edition June 2004 Third Edition October 2005 River Delta’. Much has happened since the publication of the fifth edition. Fourth Edition October 2006 Rapid economic and business development in the Greater Pearl River Delta Fifth Edition September 2007 (which consists of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Sixth Edition May 2010 Special Administrative Region, and the Pearl River Delta region portion of Guangdong Province) has made the region even more attractive to investors. © Copyright reserved The region has increased in importance as a production centre and a market within China and globally. Improvements in connectivity within the region and ISBN-13: 978-988-97122-6-6 Printed in Hong Kong Published by Invest Hong Kong of the HKSAR Government EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY with the rest of the world have made it easier to access for investors than ever The third part of the report provides brief profi les of the jurisdictions of the before. And a range of key policy initiatives, such as ‘The Outline Plan for the Greater Pearl River Delta region, highlighting the main features of the local Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)’ from China’s economies, including the principal manufacturing and service sectors, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), hold great promise economic development plans, location of development zones and industrial for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • The People's Liberation Army's 37 Academic Institutions the People's
    The People’s Liberation Army’s 37 Academic Institutions Kenneth Allen • Mingzhi Chen Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN: 9798635621417 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 Design by Heisey-Grove Design All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI Twitter: https://twitter.com/CASI_Research | @CASI_Research Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal, academic, or governmental use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete however, it is requested that reproductions credit the author and China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI).
    [Show full text]
  • Pengyuan Credit Rating (Hong Kong) Co.,Ltd
    Public Finance China Combing through the creditworthiness of prefecture-level governments in China Contents Summary Summary ........................................... 1 The institutional framework of prefecture-level governments is overall solid and largely predictable and stable. The prefecture-level governments typically Outline of Prefecture-level have most of their service expenditures defined and receive predictable and stable Governments in China ....................... 2 fiscal support from their higher-level governments. The five cities (Shenzhen, Our Rating Framework ....................... 2 Xiamen, Qingdao, Dalian and Ningbo) under state planning are exceptional in that they have economic and fiscal management authorities at the province level. As a Credit Overview of 327 Prefecture- result, they have a more robust institutional framework than other prefecture-level level Governments ............................. 3 governments. Additionally, the central government has designated a few Economic Growth Is More Divergent prefecture-level cities as sub-provincial cities, giving them more political power and Among Poorer Prefecture-level financial resources than their peers. Regions .............................................. 4 The creditworthiness of prefecture-level governments is generally sound. To Fiscal Pressure Is Mounting on have a credit overview on the prefecture-level governments in China, we examined Prefecture-level Governments ........... 5 the credit profiles of the majority (327 out of 333) of prefecture-level governments based on publicly available data and our rating framework. The prefecture-level Debt Burden is Increasing but governments’ indicative standalone credit profiles (SACP) are generally good, with Manageable ....................................... 7 around 79% rated between {BBB-} and {BBB+}. On top of that, the indicative credit Prefecture-level Governments estimates of prefecture-level governments are substantially enhanced by the Generally Have Adequate Liquidity ...
    [Show full text]
  • People's Republic of China: Preparing the Jilin Urban Infrastructure Project
    Technical Assistance Report Project Number: 40050 June 2006 People’s Republic of China: Preparing the Jilin Urban Infrastructure Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 May 2006) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.124 $1.00 = CNY8.08 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CMG – Changchun municipal government EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan FSR – feasibility study report IA – implementing agency JPG – Jilin provincial government JUIP – Jilin Urban Infrastructure Project JWSSD – Jilin Water Supply and Sewerage Development m3 – cubic meter mg – milligram PMO – project management office PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – resettlement plan SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SRB – Songhua River Basin TA – technical assistance YMG – Yanji municipal government TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION Targeting Classification – Targeted intervention Sectors – Water supply, sanitation, and waste management Subsector – Water supply and sanitation Themes – Sustainable economic growth, inclusive social development, environmental sustainability Subthemes – Human development, urban environmental improvement NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice President C. Lawrence Greenwood, Jr., Operations Group 2 Director General H. Satish Rao, East Asia Department (EARD) Director R. Wihtol, Social Sectors Division, EARD Team leader S. Penjor, Principal Financial Specialist, EARD Map 1 118 o 00'E 130o 00'E JILIN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA N 0 100 200 300 400 Kilometers Songhua River Basin (water pollution affected areas) National Capital Provincial Capital City/Town H e i l River o n g Watershed Boundary o R o 52 00'N i 52 00'N v e Provincial Boundary X r Yilehuli Mountain I A International Boundary O S Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Pearl River Delta
    Epson Pearl River Delta Scoping Study Leung Sze-lun, Alan Research Team: Leung Sze-lun, Alan Chung Hoi-yan Tong Xiaoli Published in July 2007 by WWF Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Supported by Epson Foundation Epson Pearl River Delta Scoping Study ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to particularly acknowledge the generous support by Epson Foundation in funding WWF Hong Kong to conduct this study. I am grateful to all officials from Hong Kong and Guangdong who shared their views on freshwater issues during this study, also researchers, academics, environmentalists and nature lovers. I thank Professor David Dudgeon and Professor Richard Corlett from the Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong for their comments on the drafts of the report. I also thank the Freshwater team from WWF China on their comments on the report. Special thanks should be given to Dr. Tong Xiaoli and his students from the South China Agricultural University and Ms. Chung Hoi-yan for their very hard work on literature collection, data inputs, field work, and conducting interviews for this report. Epson Pearl River Delta Scoping Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Freshwater ecosystems are considered amongst the world’s most endangered ecosystems. The freshwater crisis facing the world today is one of the most serious global environmental challenges to both man and biodiversity. Freshwater issues in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in Guangdong, China are considered to be a significant challenge to the future development of the region. The objectives of this report are to better understand the complex linkages among the various threats to freshwater biodiversity, and their causes, in order to identify opportunities and strategies for reducing these threats through future conservation actions in the region.
    [Show full text]