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6. Current Status of the Environment
6. Current Status of the Environment 6.1. Natural Environment 6.1.1. Desertification Kazakhstan has more deserts within its territory than any other Central Asian country, and approximately 66% of the national land is vulnerable to desertification in various degrees. Desertification is expanding under the influence of natural and artificial factors, and some people, called “environmental refugees,” are obliged to leave their settlements due to worsened living environments. In addition, the Government of RK (Republic of Kazakhstan) issued an alarm in the “Environmental Security Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2004-2015” that the crisis of desertification is not only confined to Kazakhstan but could raise problems such as border-crossing emigration caused by the rise of sandstorms as well as the transfer of pollutants to distant locations driven by large air masses. (1) Major factors for desertification Desertification is taking place due to the artificial factors listed below as well as climate, topographic and other natural factors. • Accumulated industrial wastes after extraction of mineral resources and construction of roads, pipelines and other structures • Intensive grazing of livestock (overgrazing) • Lack of farming technology • Regulated runoff to rivers • Destruction of forests 1) Extraction of mineral resources Wastes accumulated after extraction of mineral resources have serious effects on the land. Exploration for oil and natural gas requires vast areas of land reaching as much as 17 million hectares for construction of transportation systems, approximately 10 million hectares of which is reportedly suffering ecosystem degradation. 2) Overgrazing Overgrazing is the abuse of pastures by increasing numbers of livestock. In the grazing lands in mountainous areas for example, the area allocated to each sheep for grazing is 0.5 hectares, compared to the typical grazing space of 2 to 4 hectares per sheep. -
List of Oversease Voting Applicants (SEPTEMBER 2014) Page 1 of 127 No
List of Oversease Voting Applicants (SEPTEMBER 2014) Page 1 of 127 No. Name Date Type of Application 1 AARON, VALERIANO PANGANIBAN 02-Sep-2014 Reactivation 2 ABABON, ALEJANDRO BARTOLABAC 14-Sep-2014 Certification 3 ABACAN, LOUIMEL LABAY 15-Sep-2014 Certification 4 ABAD, CLARISSA PUERTOLLANO 11-Sep-2014 Registration 5 ABAD, DANTE MANGANA 04-Sep-2014 Registration 6 ABADIA, EDWIN SANCHEZ 15-Sep-2014 Certification 7 ABADILLA, THEA RAMOS 25-Sep-2014 Registration 8 ABAIGAR, CHINITO JABINAL 28-Sep-2014 Registration 9 ABAJO, DEXTER SUICO 14-Sep-2014 Registration 10 ABALON, WILFRIDO SOBRIA 11-Sep-2014 Registration 11 ABALORIO, JOEL FULGENCIO 16-Sep-2014 Certification 12 ABALOS, EFREN MADAYAG 01-Sep-2014 Registration 13 ABALOS, ERWIN RAMOS 10-Sep-2014 Registration 14 ABALOS, MARIBETH MONCES 04-Sep-2014 Registration 15 ABAN, REGGIE MIRABEL 18-Sep-2014 Certification 16 ABANADOR, JUEL ABE 18-Sep-2014 Certification 17 ABANID, EDUARDO BROA 25-Sep-2014 Certification 18 ABANILLA, HIEZEL ESPANOLA 01-Sep-2014 Registration 19 ABAÑO, AILA LORENA 16-Sep-2014 Registration 20 ABANTAS, MOHAIMEN MENOR 16-Sep-2014 Registration 21 ABANTE, DOMINGO ABELA 14-Sep-2014 Certification 22 ABARA, ROMEO ALEJANDRO 22-Sep-2014 Certification 23 ABARCAR, DANIEL PERDIDO 18-Sep-2014 Registration 24 ABARIENTOS, JOEY CAUDILLA 18-Sep-2014 Registration 25 ABARQUEZ, RICHARD CARPENTERO 12-Sep-2014 Certification 26 ABAS, APIPA KAMIL 02-Sep-2014 Registration 27 ABAS, BERNA SAPBETEN 29-Sep-2014 Registration 28 ABAS, MOKTAR LUMAGAN 17-Sep-2014 Registration 29 ABAS, NORHANIE SADDI 28-Sep-2014 -
'Li1 Cons T T'u(;Ti:;;N Pliillfling \}Nd M,,!Ni Tilt In; I~ ,R Thr.. Ng',;,; ,;1 Va R :;,Ida
f CRITICAL PATH PLANNING RALPH J. STmPHlIlNSON. P. E. /" / " OOl'l"lIVX4'ING ENGINEER // • LAND PLANNING 115064 WARWICK ROAD • MANAGEMENT CONSULTING DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48223 PHONE 273·15026 • PL.ANT L.OCATION ~UcUmbDr 23, 197~ l'lr. L"l~ G•. h\1,'l, r ;,1 r P'\I • lCluia C. ,',,'Qstane tOS('ClJltcn'J ... ' ......... 2g42~1 '. i\iL: \L<'.ld Liv"ni"t i;i.L~hig:n 4S1~2 i\~:: rovie;Lm ~f I;J~JLm'Jl n;~t. .. !.;r:, l'1umJUing, ;'if;nnJ..ng i41d moniti:Jrill€J ~,~)r\1i[:rit'i dll :;Jv'''c',"i:l'0 atoot.i:d.hic !i05;,itctl, Trenl:.on, ; ilci1igi.'li1 In m;cord;~!l1:;13 ~'1th ;;,.\.Ir r ljCWlt. ':'if:>::I.F,t$icn:'.·, ~.lUtlln<JJ b!:!llow i~ ;, pHHJoead jJhln ;,$ to h~~lJ I S,Ug.ji"i!it I:ry ';I',rus5irmrll s~zvics:, Oli ~::'\.Jvid[jd in t.he cons t t'u(;ti:;;n pliillflinG \}nd m,,!ni tilt in; I~_,r thr.. nG',;,; ,;1 va r :;,ida ;..;ft;t{:fO;,:..:;thic Hos;,itbl.~$ 1 undcrt;tBl1d it, Lim proJr.lct i.:~n::i16t'~ of .t now builaing tel be ,:nnotru;;t>.Jd, ,~xl;'d:Jng lit.i85 1.0 bc rOf:lcloallud, and "ali) site- IJor,,, t.:l Oil C.A·Ui;tl."Uctt~'.l !';u.4:t'cun!in;; tilL ::Jxi~tin;; one now f.;!cilitiQ~. It is {qntici,)t'lt.otJ prl':"ently th:t Uk" proJt;ct. wUl ttqu!r.:: fr;JlU 22 t.o 27 months to t;uil d frl:m thll I;.ir.n; (;·>nt.; ;J\; ts n: lut. -
Review of Key Reforms in Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Review of Key Reforms in Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Draft Report Version 2 November 2004 Prepared by Vodokanal-Invest- Consulting, Moscow Contents GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 4 2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ................................................................................. 6 2.1. OVERVIEW OF LEGAL SETUP........................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1. Management of, and Ownership in, Communal Water Supply and Sanitation Systems ............ 6 2.1.2. Public Relations. Accounting for Water Consumption. Billing and Payment Procedures ............ 7 2.1.3. Service Quality. Standards and Norms ...................................................................................... 7 2.2. PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ............................ 8 2.1.1. Legal Framework for Private Sector Participation ................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Incentives for, and Main Trends in, Private Sector Involvement............................................... 8 3. ECONOMIC STANDING OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR....... 9 3.1. REVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION................................................................................................... -
Denuclearization of Central Asia Jozef Goldblat
It should be noted that the articles contained in Disarmament Forum are the sole responsibility of the individual authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the United Nations, UNIDIR, its staff members or sponsors. The names and designations of countries, territories, cities and areas employed in Disarmament Forum do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Printed at United Nations, Geneva GE.07-02732—November 2007 —4,200 UNIDIR/DF/2007/4 ISSN 1020-7287 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor's Note Kerstin VIGNARD ....................................................................................................... 1 Central Asia at the Crossroads Strategic concerns in Central Asia Martha BRILL OLCOTT ............................................................................................... 3 Central Asia: regional security and WMD proliferation threats Togzhan KASSENOVA ................................................................................................. 13 Denuclearization of Central Asia Jozef GOLDBLAT ........................................................................................................ 25 Risks to security in Central Asia: an assessment from a small arms perspective Christina WILLE .......................................................................................................... 33 The governance of Central Asian waters: national interests versus regional cooperation Jeremy ALLOUCHE .................................................................................................... -
Water Management in Kazakhstan
Industry Report WATER MANAGEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN OFFICIAL PROGRAM INDUSTRY REPORT WATER MANAGEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN Date: April 2017 Language: English Number of pages: 27 Author: Mr. Marat Shibutov Other sectorial Reports: Are you interested in other Reports for other sectors and countries? Please find more Reports here: s-ge.com/reports DISCLAIMER The information in this report were gathered and researched from sources believed to be reliable and are written in good faith. Switzerland Global Enterprise and its network partners cannot be held liable for data, which might not be complete, accurate or up-to-date; nor for data which are from internet pages/sources on which Switzerland Global Enterprise or its network partners do not have any influence. The information in this report do not have a legal or juridical character, unless specifically noted. Contents 5.2. State and Government Programmes _________ 19 1. FOREWORD____________________________ 4 5.3. Recommended Technologies and Technology 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY __________________ 5 Suppliers ___________________________ 21 2.1. Current Situation with Water Resources _______ 5 6. PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN WATER 2.1.1. General Situation ______________________ 5 RESOURCES __________________________ 23 2.1.2. Stream Flow Situation ___________________ 5 2.1.2.1. Main Basins __________________________ 6 6.1. Prospects in the sphere of hydraulic engineering 2.1.2.2. Minor Basins _________________________ 6 structures __________________________ 23 6.2. Prospects in Agriculture _________________ 24 2.2. Myths and Real Water Situation ____________ 8 6.3. Prospects in the housing and utility sector _____ 24 2.2.1. Need for Canals________________________ 8 6.4. Prospects in Industry ___________________ 24 2.2.2. -
Sosyal, Beşeri Ve İdari Bilimler Alanında Yeni Ufuklar
Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler-4 Alanında Yeni Ufuklar İmtiyaz Sahibi / Publisher • Gece Kitaplığı Genel Yayın Yönetmeni / Editor in Chief • Doç. Dr. Atilla ATİK Editörler/Editors • Prof. Dr. Sinan SÖNMEZ, Dr. Ertan ÖZÇOBAN , Dr. Dursun BALKAN, Dr. Hüseyin KARAKUŞ Kapak & İç Tasarım / Cover & Interior Design • Didem S. KORKUT Sosyal Medya / Social Media • Arzu Betül ÇUHACIOĞLU Birinci Basım / First Edition • ©EKİM 2019 ISBN • 978-605-7749-97-0 © copyright Bu kitabın yayın hakkı Gece Kitaplığı’na aittir. Kaynak gösterilmeden alıntı yapılamaz, izin almadan hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. Gece Akademi Gece Kitaplığının yan kuruluşudur. The right to publish this book belongs to Gece Kitaplığı. Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Gece Kitaplığı / Gece Publishing ABD Adres/ USA Address: 387 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, 10016, USA Telefon / Phone: +1 347 355 10 70 Türkiye Adres / Turkey Address: Kızılay Mah. Fevzi Çakmak 1. Sokak Ümit Apt. No: 22/A Çankaya / Ankara / TR Telefon / Phone: +90 312 384 80 40 +90 555 888 24 26 web: www.gecekitapligi.com e-mail: [email protected] Baskı & Cilt / Printing & Volume Sertifika / Certificate No:29377 Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler-4 Alanında Yeni Ufuklar İÇİNDEKİLER BÖLÜM 1 YIKICI LİDERLİĞİN İŞ GÖREN MOTİVASYONUNA ETKİSİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Ramazan Vedat SÖNMEZ ................................................................... 9 BÖLÜM 2 JAMES G. MARCH: YÖNETİM VE ÖRGÜT ÇALIŞMALARINDA ÖRNEK BİR FİGÜR Hasan SERİN, Muhammet DURGUN, Sadegül DURGUN ........... 29 BÖLÜM 3 19. YÜZYILDA VE 20. YÜZYILIN BAŞINDA KAZAK TÜRKLERİNDE FAKİRLEŞEN KESİMLER Gülnar KARA .................................................................................... 51 BÖLÜM 4 DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜMDE RİSK ODAKLI İÇ DENETİM Neşegül PARLAK ............................................................................. 75 BÖLÜM 5 ÜRETİM-İSTİHDAM İLİŞKİSİ: SEKTÖREL ANALİZ Zehra ABDİOĞLU, Sertap Çağla ŞEREF ........................................ -
Anastassiya Lineitseva Regional Center of Hydrology Kazakhstan
Anastassiya Lineitseva Regional Center of Hydrology Kazakhstan 27-29 sep 2011, Porto, Portugal KazakhstanKazakhstan The Republic of Kazakhstan is located in Eurasia and ranked as the ninth largest country in the world. It is also ranked the world's largest landlocked country, its territory of 2,727,300 km². It is neighbored clockwise by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. TheThe ClimateClimate ofof KazakhstanKazakhstan The climate of Kazakhstan is typically continental, with cold dry winters and hot dry summers. Precipitation varies between arid and semi-arid conditions. Deserts and steppes account for more than 80 % of the total area. The continental climate is also characterized by its high evaporation level, which, together with the low rainfall, makes irrigation a necessity in large parts of the country, notably in the south. WaterWater ResourcesResources ofof KazakhstanKazakhstan The Republic of Kazakhstan is relatively poor in water resources, which non-uniformly distributed on territory The fresh water deficit is the most significant environmental problem making difficult sustainable development of Kazakhstan. The total water river resources in the year with an average water content make 109 km3 , and only 58,9 km3 of them is a local resources, but 48,9 km3 is a transboundary resources. HydroeconomicHydroeconomic BasinsBasins ofof KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan is divided on 8 Hydroeconomic basins : Aral-Syrdarynsky, Ural-Kaspysky, Ishimsky, Nura-Sarysuisky, -
10 KEY CONSIDERATIONS Million Kwh.6 (P.3)
As of 2017, electricity generation from small hydropower plants (HPPs) was 649 10 KEY CONSIDERATIONS million kWh.6 (p.3) H Y D R O P O W E R P L A N T P R O J E C T I M P L E M E N T A T I O N I N K A Z A K H S T A N The largest HPPs in Kazakhstan are: Bukhtarma HPP of Kazzinc LLP; Kazakhstan positions itself as a Ranking third among CIS countries in AES Ust-Kamenogorsk HPP LLP; promising country for the development water resource potential, Kazakhstan AES Shulbinskaya HPP LLP; and implementation of hydropower has an estimated potential of 170 billion JSC Moinakskaya HPP. projects on its territory. The state sets an kWh per year, of which about 62 billion ambitious plan of achieving the 50% kWh are technically feasible. share of electricity production in the The annual hydropower potential of country using renewable energy sources medium and large rivers is 55 billion by 2050 (hereinafter – the “RES”). kWh, and 7.6 billion kWh from small A U C T I O N rivers. About 8 billion kWh from small H Y D R O P O W E R P L A N T S I N hydropower plants are estimated to be K A Z A K H S T A N . technically feasible. To ensure the interests of the state and the formation of a competitive market of the electricity production, the Nowadays, 34 hydro power plants Hydro energy resources are distributed government of Kazakhstan executes land (hereinafter – the “HPP”) are located on throughout the country, but three areas plots for RES projects via auctions. -
The Secret History of the Mongols: the Life and Times of Chinggis Khan
THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE MONGOLS THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO THE MONGOLS OF ALL TIMES, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE MONGOLS THE LIFE AND TIMES OF CHINGGIS KHAN TRANSLATED, ANNOTATED, AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY Urgunge Onon LONDON AND NEW YORK First Published in 2001 by RoutledgeCurzon Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2001 Urgunge Onon All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-98876-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1335-2 (Print Edition) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE 39 CHAPTER TWO 63 CHAPTER THREE 85 CHAPTER FOUR 109 CHAPTER FIVE 127 CHAPTER SIX 145 CHAPTER SEVEN 165 CHAPTER EIGHT 181 CHAPTER NINE 201 CHAPTER TEN 217 CHAPTER ELEVEN 233 CHAPTER TWELVE 257 APPENDIX 281 BIBLIOGRAPHY 289 INDEX 293 vi INTRODUCTION The East has known only three great men. Sakyamuni was born a prince around 500 BC in what is now Nepal. -
Institutional Strengthening of the Committee for Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture Committee for Water Resources REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Asian Development Bank TA № 4484 KAZ Institutional Strengthening of the Committee for Water Resources DRAFT FIN AL REPORT 12 October 2005 prepared by Fritz Schwaiger Zhana Zaitseva Valery Torubara Gulnar Tulebayeva Igor Petrakov Galina Blinova Dauren Kassabekov ADB – Republic of Kazakhstan Institutional Strengthening of the Committee for Water Resources Draft Final Report Rate of Exchange (12.09.2005) Currency unit = Tenge (Т) Tenge 1,00 = $0,0074 $ 1,00 = 135,00 Tenge List of Acronyms and Terms ADB - Asian Development Bank Akim - Head of rural, regional government Akimat - Rural, regional government AMC - Antimonopoly Committee AWC - Association of Water Consumers BR - Building Regulations BWO - Basin-water Organizations BWCD - Basin-water Control Departments CAEC - Central Asian Economic Community CAR - Central Asian Region CEP - Caspian Ecological program CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States CWR - Committee for Water Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture EA - Executive Agency EBRD - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ESEI - Evaluation of Side Environmental Impact FSU - Former Soviet Union GDP - Gross domestic product GEF - Global economic fund GIS - Geo-information systems GWC - Group of Water Consumers GWP - Group water-pipe ICSD - Intergovernmental Commission for Sustainable Development ICWC - Intergovernmental Coordinating Waterworks Commission IDB - Islam Development Bank IFAS - International Fund for Aral saving IWRM - International -
ANALYSIS of the CURRENT STATE of RECREATIONAL RESOURCES of the NURA RIVER BASIN, the REPUBLIC of KAZAKHSTAN Nurgul RAMAZANOVA S
GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XIII, vol. 31, no. 3, 2020, p.1043-1048 ISSN 2065-1198, E-ISSN 2065-0817 DOI 10.30892/gtg.31316-539 ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE NURA RIVER BASIN, THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Nurgul RAMAZANOVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Sabina TOKSANBAEVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Zharas BERDENOV* L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Zhanar OZGELDINOVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Tangal TURSYNOVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Altynbek ZHAKUPOV Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Department of Management and Tourism, Muhamedhanova Str., 37, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Ramazanova, N., Toksanbaeva, S., Berdenov, Zh., Ozgeldinova, Zh., Tursynova, T. & Zhakupov, A. (2020). ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE NURA RIVER BASIN, THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 31(3), 1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.31316-539 Abstract: The article shows an analysis of the current state of recreational resources in the Nura River basin of the Republic of Kazakhstan.