1

Appendix 2. material collected by David Fairchild in the Bahamas during the first USDA expedition to the Caribbean Islands on board Utowana. follows Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (2012) and Acevedo-Rodríguez (2019).

Scientific namea/Common Locality/date Status USDA accession Post- Reference for Page name number/David expedition USDA accession in number Fairchild’s collection cultivation USDA germplasm in number/US barcode status introduction Dorsett number journal (1936)b Acacia choriophylla Benth. Mayaguana [as Native 98977/3905/00930181 Chapman Ryerson, 1934: 31 714 [= Vachellia choriophylla Mariguana]/29-Mar-32 Field, Miami (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger] (Fabaceae)/Cinnecord Achras zapota L. [= Arthur Town, Cat Cultivated 95688/2565/- Ryerson, 1933: 9 98, 99, Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Island/Unreported 714 Royen] (Sapotaceae)/Sapodilla Annona squamosa L. Eleuthera/Unreported Cultivated 98797/-/- Ryerson, 1934: 23 148 (Annonaceae)/Sugar- apple Arecaceae sp. [Hyophorbe Nassau, New Cultivated 99643/2555ac/- Ryerson, 1934: 57 lagenicaulis (L.H.Bailey) Providence/1-Jan-32 H.E.Moore] (Arecaceae)/Bottle palm Arecaceae sp Nassau, New Cultivated -/2525d/- 830 Providence/1-Jan-32 Artocarpus incisa [= A. In the garden of Mrs. Cultivated 99516/2576/- Det. House, Ryerson, 1934: 50 86, 128, altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg] Edward George, Nassau, Washington 129, 720 (Moraceae)/Breadfruit New Providence/9-Jan- DC 32

2

Asparagus sp. [= A. In the garden of Mrs. Cultivated 96501/2574/00959216 Ryerson, 1933: 28 119, 124, aethiopicus (Kunth) Edward George, Nassau, 125, 722 Jessop] New Providence/9-Jan- (Asparagaceae)/Asparagus 32 fern Bourreria ovata Miers [= Rum Cay/6-Jan-32 Native 95695/2571/01128572 Ryerson, 1933: 9, 828 B. succulenta Jacq.] 10 (Boraginaceae)/Strong- back Bradburya virginiana (L.) Spanish Wells, Native 97306/2594/00996186 Ryerson, 1933: 48 830 Kuntze [= Centrosema Eleuthera/10-Jan-32 virginianum (L.) Benth.] (Fabaceae)/Butterfly-pea buceras L. [= Mathew Town, Great Native 96502/2601/01099239 Ryerson, 1933: 28 728 buceras (L.) C. Inagua/15-Jan-32 Wright] ()/Black olive Bucida spinosa (Northop) Great Inagua/15-Jan-32 Native -/27/01099241 Jennings [= Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez] (Combretaceae)/Spiny black olive Calotropis procera (Aiton) Rum Cay/6-Jan-32 Introduced -/18/01112925 W.T. Aiton (Apocynaceae)/Giant milkweed Capparis cynophallophora Salt Pond Hill, Great Native 97759/2596/01085332 Ryerson, 1933: 66 167, 168, L. [= Quadrella Inagua/15-Jan-32 734 cynophallophora (L.) Hutch.] (Capparaceae)/Black willow 3

Capparis flexuosa [= Unreported/Unreported Native -/2607e/- Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl] (Capparaceae)/Caper- Capsicum frutescens L. Nassau, New Native & 96503/2584/- Ryerson, 1933: 28, (Solanaceae)/Chilli pepper Providence/10-Jan-32 cultivated 29 Carica papaya L. Nassau, New Cultivated 96504/2582/- Ryerson, 1933: 29 734 (Caricaceae)/Papaya Providence/12-Jan-32 Cissus intermedia A. Rich. Grant Town and Nassau, Caribbean 95689/2558/01058258 Ryerson, 1933: 9 740 [= C. obovata Vahl] New Providence/3-Jan- Island (Vitaceae)/Bull-vine 32 endemic Cissus sicyoides L. [= C. Grant Town, Nassau, Native -/1/01092123 verticillata (L.) Nicolson & New Providence/3-Jan- Jarvis] 32 (Vitaceae)/Common cissus Coccoloba sp. Great Inagua/14-Jan-32 Unknown 98831/3874/- Ryerson, 1934: 25 744 (Polygonaceae) Coccothrinax sp. [= C. Great Inagua/15-Jan-32 Bahama 97283/2597/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 47 164, 165, inaguensis Read] endemic Field, Miami 170, 744 (Arecaceae)/Silver thatch Coccothrinax sp. [= C. Great Inagua/1-Jan-32f Bahama 96482/2597/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 27 744 inaguensis Read] endemic Field, Miami (Arecaceae)/Silver thatch Colubrina ferruginosa Rum Cay/7-Jan-32 Native 97307/20/01091930 Ryerson, 1933: 48 Brongn. [= C. arborescens (Mill.) Sarg.] (Rhamnaceae)/Bitters Conocarpus erectus L. Arthur Town, Cat Native 95690/2568/01099470 Ryerson, 1933: 9 748 (Combretaceae)/Buttonw Island/4-Jan-32 ood Corchorus hirsutus L. Arthur Town, Cat Native -/9/00508230 (Malvaceae)/Jack switch Island/4-Jan-32 Corchorus hirsutus L. Conception/5-Jan-32 Native -/10/00508231 (Malvaceae)/Jack switch 4

Crotalaria pumila Ortega Gun Point, Native 97308/2588g/0098946 Ryerson, 1933: 48 750 (Fabaceae)/Low rattlebox Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 4 Croton eluteria (L.) Sw. Arthur Town, Cat Caribbean -/12/00969375 95, 96 (Euphorbiaceae)/Cascarill Island/4-Jan-32 Island a bark endemic & cultivated Croton eluteria (L.) Sw. Cat Island/5-Jan-32 Caribbean 99557/3872/- Det. House, Ryerson, 1934: 52 752 (Euphorbiaceae)/Cascarill Island Washington a bark endemic & DC cultivated Datura chlorantha Hook. Spanish Wells, Introduced 97309/2587/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 48 756 [= D. metel L.] Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Field, Miami (Solanaceae)/Prickly-bur Datura metel L. var. Nassau, New Introduced 97766/2590/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 66 756 fastuosa (L.) Saff. [= D. Providence/12-Jan-32 Field, Miami metel L.] (Solanaceae)/Prickly-bur Dioscorea alata L. Gun Point, Native 95665/2581/- Det. House, Ryerson, 1933: 8 758 (Dioscoreaceae)/Greater Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Washington yam DC Dolicholus minimus (L.) Cat Island/4-Jan-32 Native 97311/11/00995634 Ryerson, 1933: 48 Medik. [= Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.] (Fabaceae)/Jumby bean Echites umbellatus Jacq. Eleuthera Bluff, Native -/-/01060027 (Apocynaceae)/Danish Eleuthera/10-Jan-32 Elaeis guineensis Jacq. In the garden of Mrs. Cultivated 96485/2575/- Ryerson, 1933: 28 130, 760 (Arecaceae)/African oil Edward George, Nassau, palm New Providence/9-Jan- 32 Eragrostis ciliaris var. laxa Unreported/3-Jan-32 Native -/2/01006304 Kuntze (Poaceae) Erithalis fruticosa L. Conception/5-Jan-32 Native -/81/01012522 (Rubiaceae)/Black torch 5

Euphorbia gymnonota Rum Cay/6-Jan-32 Bahama -/22/00984282 Urb. endemic (Euphorbiaceae)/Bahamia n tree spurge Euphorbia lecheoides Conception/5-Jan-32 Bahama -/16/00984569 Millsp. endemic (Euphorbiaceae)/Pinweed spurge Pteridophyta sp. Nassau, New Unknown -/2551/- Providence/31-Dec-31 Ficus jacquiniifolia A. Rich. Nassau, New Native 95691/2553/01068358 Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 9 78, 79, [= F. americana Aubl. ssp. Providence/1-Jan-32 Field, Miami 764 americana] (Moraceae)/Jamaica cherry-fig Galactia sp. (Fabaceae) Salt Pond Hill, Great Unknown 97313/25/- Ryerson, 1933: 48 Inagua/15-Jan-32 Galactia spiciformis Torr. Gun Point, Native 97312/2593/00995851 Ryerson, 1933: 48 758 & A. Gray Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 (Fabaceae)/Spiciform milk-pea Galactia striata (Jacq.) Conception/5-Jan-32 Native 95692/5,6/00995852, Ryerson, 1933: 9 101 Urb. [= Galactia 00995853 spiciformis Torr. & A. Gray] (Fabaceae)/Unknown Gossypium sp. Unreported/Unreported Cultivated 98758/5/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Gossypium sp. Unreported/Unreported Cultivated 98759/6/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Gossypium sp. Unreported/Unreported Cultivated 98760/9/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Gossypium sp. Unreported/Unreported Cultivated 98761/11/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton 6

Gossypium sp. Unreported/Unreported Cultivated 98775/8/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Gossypium sp. Cat Island/Unreported Cultivated 98776/3/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Gossypium sp. Conception/Unreported Cultivated 98757/4/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 101 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Gossypium sp. Great Cultivated 98762/14/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Inagua/Unreported Gossypium sp. Nassau, New Cultivated 98756/1/- Ryerson, 1934: 22 (Malvaceae)/Cotton Providence/Unreported Gouania lupuloides (L.) Grant Town, Nassau, Native 95704/2559/01112288 Ryerson, 1933: 10 828 Urb. (Rhamnaceae)/Chew- New Providence/3-Jan- stick 32 Helicteres jamaicensis Salt Pond Hill, Great Caribbean 96507/2600/01110654 Ryerson, 1933: 29 770 Jacq. (Malvaceae)/Blind- Inagua/15-Jan-32 Island eye bush endemic Hymenocallis arenicola Conception/5-Jan-32 Caribbean 99578/3894/- Det. House, Ryerson, 1934: 53 772 Northr. Island Washington (Amaryllidaceae)/Spider endemic DC lily Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Nassau, New Cultivated -/2555h/- Seedlings 76, 77, (L.H.Bailey) H.E.Moore Providence/1-Jan-32 grown in 772 (Arecaceae)/Bottle palm unreported site Indigofera suffruticosa Gun Point, Native -/23/01002803 Mill. (Fabaceae)/Wild Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 indigo Ipomoea tuba (Schltdl.) Conception/5-Jan-32 Native 95693/6/- Ryerson, 1933: 9 101 Don [= I. violacea L.] (Convolvulaceae)/Moon- vine Iresine flavescens Willd. Conception/5-Jan-32 Native -/14/01089725 (Amaranthaceae)/Coastal irisine 7

Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Nassau, New Caribbean 96509/2561/- Det. House, Ryerson, 1933: 29 778 Griseb. [= J. caerulea (L.) Providence/Unreported Island Washington Juss.] endemic DC (Bignoniaceae)/Boxwood Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Nassau, New Caribbean 99583/2561/- Ryerson, 1934: 53 778 Griseb. [= J. caerulea (L.) Providence/Unreported Island Juss.] (Bignoniaceae) endemic /Boxwood Jacquemontia jamaicensis Nassau, New Native 95694i/2554/01113409 Ryerson, 1933: 9 828 (Jacq.) Hall. f. ex Soler [= J. Providence/1-Jan-32 havanensis (Jacq.) Urb.] (Convolvulaceae)/Havann a clustervine Jasminum azoricum L. [= J. Nassau, New Introduced 97888/2592/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 73 778 fluminense Vell.] Providence/10-Jan-32 Field, Miami (Oleaceae)/Azores jasmine Leucaena glauca [= L. Nassau, New Introduced -/2552/- 73, 74, leucocephala (Lam.) de Providence/31-Dec-31 782 Wit] (Fabaceae)/Jimbay Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) Nassau, New Cultivated 96486/2555j/- Ryerson, 1933: 28 772† Mart. Providence/1-Jan-32 (Arecaceae)/Chinese fan palm Lycopersicon esculentum Gun Point, Cultivated 96510/2591/- Ryerson, 1933: 29 784 Mill. (Solanaceae)/Tomato Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Lycopersicon esculentum Nassau, New Cultivated -/2579k/- 784 Mill. (Solanaceae)/Tomato Providence/9-Jan-32 Malpighia polytricha Juss. Nassau, New Introduced -/-/00959364 [= M. emarginata DC.] Providence/3-Jan-32 (Malpighiaceae)/Touch- me-not 8

Manihot esculenta Crantz Gun Point, Cultivated 95666/2580/- Ryerson, 1933: 8 148, 790 (Euphorbiaceae)/Cassava Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Manihot esculenta Crantz Presented by J.T. Brown, Cultivated 95593/2564/- Ryerson, 1933: 5 88, 96, (Euphorbiaceae)/Cassava Arthur Town, Cat 790 Island/4-Jan-32 Mimosa bahamensis Rum Cay/7-Jan-32 Native 97314/21/00988944 Ryerson, 1933: 48 Benth. (Fabaceae)/Haulback Mimusops emarginata (L.) Conception/5-Jan-32 Native -/17/01113959 Britton [= Manilkara jaimiqui (Griseb.) Dubard subsp. emarginata (L.) Cronquist] (Sapotaceae)/Wild dilly Moraea sp. (Iridaceae) Presented by D. Cultivated 99601/2557/- Det. House, Ryerson, 1934: 54 794 Lawrence (from his Washington garden), Nassau, New DC Providence/2-Jan-32 Oncidium sp. Schltr.[= Cotton Point, Rum 99036/2572/00425377 Ryerson, 1934: 34 107, 108, Encyclia altissima Schltr.] Cay/6-Jan-32 798 (Orchidaceae) Orchid – “may be Encyclia Arthur Town, Cat Unknown -/2563/- 800 diurna (Jacq.) Schltr.” Island/4-Jan-32/ (Orchidaceae) Orchidaceae sp. Great Unknown 99053/-/- Ryerson, 1934: 35 Inagua/Unreported Orchidaceae sp. Great Unknown 99054/-/- Ryerson, 1934: 35 Inagua/Unreported cupraea L. Arthur Town, Cat Caribbean 95696/2562/01193758 Ryerson, 1933: 10 804 ()/Devil’s Island/4-Jan-32 Island pumpkin endemic 9

Passiflora multiflora L. Eleuthera Bluff, Native -/29/01344276 (Passifloraceae)/Oblong- Eleuthera/1-Jan-32 leaved passion-flower Passiflora pectinata Rum Cay/6-Jan-32 Caribbean 95698/2569-A/- Ryerson, 1933: 10 Griseb. Island (Passifloraceae)/Pectinate endemic passion-flower Passiflora pectinata Conception/5-Jan-32 Caribbean 95697/2569/01091717 Ryerson, 1933: 10 100, 804 Griseb. Island (Passifloraceae)/Broad- endemic leaved passion-flower L. Eleuthera Bluff, Native 97966/2952/01318025 Ryerson, 1933: 78 804 (Passifloraceae)/Pectinate Eleuthera/7-Jan-32 passion-flower Phaseolus lathyroides L. [= Salt Pond Hill, Great Native? 97315/28/00995578 Ryerson, 1933: 48 Macroptilium lathyroides Inagua/15-Jan-32 (L.) Urb. (Fabaceae)]/Wild bush bean Phaseolus lunatus L. [= Eleuthera Bluff, Native -/2588l/00995539 Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Eleuthera/10-Jan-32 Bentham] (Fabaceae)/Lima bean Phaseolus sp. Spanish Wells, Unknown 97896/45/- Ryerson, 1933: 74 (Fabaceae)/Beans Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Cultivated 97894/2586/- Ryerson, 1933: 74 (Fabaceae)/Kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Eleuthera/11-Jan-32 Cultivated 97895/-/- Ryerson, 1933: 74 (Fabaceae)/Kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. [= P. Cat Island/4-Jan-32 Cultivated 95699/2566/00995585 Ryerson, 1933: 10 97, 806 lunatus L.] (Fabaceae)/Kidney bean Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien Old Fort, Nassau, New Cultivated 95700/2560/- Ryerson, 1933: 10 808 (Arecaceae)/Pygmy date Providence/31-Jan-32 palm 10

Pinus sp. (Pinaceae)/pine Unreported/Unreported Unknown -/6/- Plumeria obtusa L. Black Lands, Rum Cay/6- Native 97781, Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 67; 104, 105, (Apocynaceae)/ Jan-32 99624/2570/01112803 Field, Miami Ryerson, 1934: 56 112, 113, Frangipanni 810 Plumeria sp. [= P. obtusa Great Inagua/15-Jan-32 Native 96515/2602/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 29 810 L.] (Apocynaceae)/ Field, Miami Frangipanni Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Near Mathew town, Native 96516/2598/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 29 812 Stuntz [= P. juliflora (Sw.) Great Inagua/15-Jan-32 Field, Miami DC.] (Fabaceae)/Mesquite Pseudophoenix sargentii In the garden of Mrs. Cultivated 96488/2585/- Ryerson, 1933: 28 812 H. Wendl. ex Sarg. Edward George, Nassau, & native (Arecaceae)/Buccaneer New Providence/10-Jan- palm 32 Seaforthia elegans R.Br. [= In the garden of Mrs. Cultivated 96490/2589/- Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 28 125, 126, Ptychosperma elegans Edward George, Nassau, Field, Miami 129, 820 (R.Br.) Blume New Providence/10-Jan- (Arecaceae)]/Cabbage 32 palm Sesamum orientale L. Nassau, New Cultivated 95703/2556/- Ryerson, 1933: 10 820 (Pedaliaceae)/Sesame Providence/2-Jan-32 Sesamum orientale L. Cat Island/Unreported Cultivated 95702/8/- Ryerson, 1933: 10 (Pedaliaceae)/Sesame Solanum bahamense L. Conception/5-Jan-32 Native -/15/01110020 (Solanaceae)/Sesame Strumpfia maritima Jacq. Mayaguana [as Native -/81/00839911 (Rubiaceae)/Candle torch Mariguana]/29-Jan-32 Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Salt Pond Hill, Great Introduced 96517/2599/01003286 Ryerson, 1933: 29 167, 822 Taub. Inagua/15-Jan-32 (Fabaceae)/Common pencil flower Tabernaemontana sp. [= Nassau, New Native 97898/2595/01059793 Chapman Ryerson, 1933: 74 830 T. citrifolia L.] Providence/12-Jan-32 Field, Miami (Apocynaceae)/Milkwood 11

Talinum paniculatum Near Grant Town, Cultivated 95705/2567/01078587 Ryerson, 1933: 10 828 (Jacq.) Gaertn. Nassau, New (Portulacaceae)/Jewels of Providence/2-Jan-32 Opar Thymophylla tenuiloba From the garden of Introduced -/2577/01098648 828 (DC.) Small [= Dyssodia garden of Mrs. Edward tenuiloba (DC.) B.L. Rob.] George, Nassau, New (Asteraceae)/Dogweed Providence/9-Jan-32 Tillandsia utriculata L. Conception/5-Jan-32 Native 97790/2644/- Ryerson, 1933: 68 828 (Bromeliaceae)/Swollen wild pine Vitex agnus-castus L. In the garden of Mrs. Cultivated 96518/2573/01111743 Ryerson, 1933: 29 119, 127, (Lamiaceae)/Chaste tree Edward George, Nassau, 836 New Providence/9-Jan- 32 Zephyranthes cardinalis From gardens in Nassau, Native 99642/2583/00040842 Det. House, Ryerson, 1934: 57 838 C.H.Wright [= Z. rosea presented by M. Washington Lindl.] Mosley, Nassau, New DC (Amaryllidaceae)/Small Providence/12-Jan-32 pink atamasco-lily

Notes aName reported by David Fairchild. Name inside square brackets corresponds to the correct names as identified in the herbarium specimen by us or as they currently accepted. bUnderlined page numbers show photos of taxa for which material was collected. cCollection number 2555a was not located in David Fairchild’ plant collection books but it was reported by Ryerson (1934: 57). See notes h and i for plant material assigned to collection number 2555. dCollection number 2525 was not located in David Fairchild’ plant collection books but it was reported by Dorsett (1936: 830) for Nassau. It is likely that this was a typographic error in Dorsett’s travelogue and this sample refers to collection number 2555. eCollection number 2607 was reported as collected in Beata Island by David Fairchild and Dorsett (1936: 734); however, Dorsett (1936: 154) indicated that it was collected in the Bahamas. 12

fOn 1-Jan-32 expedition members did not visit Great Inagua but Nassau. Entry for collection 2597 is for this island but it is dated on 15-Jan-32 when plant material was collected in Great Inagua. It appears that there is an error for the collection date (1-Jan-32) as reported by Ryerson (1933: 27). gBased on the data recorded in David Fairchild’ plant collection books collection number 2588 refers to Crotalaria pumila. However, it seems that there was some mixed up of samples regarding this collection number as herbarium specimen US-00995539 (Phaseolus lunatus L.) has a label with David Fairchild’s collection number 2588. hBased on the data recorded in David Fairchild’ plant collection books and Dorsett’s travelogue (pp. 76, 77), collection number 2555 refers to Hyophorbe verschaffeltii. However, it seems that there was some mixed up of samples regarding this collection number as Ryerson (1933: 28) assigned collection number 2555 to USDA accession number 96486, the latter belongs to another palm species, Livistona chinensis. Furthermore, Dorsett (1936: 772) assigned collection number 2556 to Hyophorbe verschaffeltii; however, according to David Fairchild’s plant collection book collection number 2556 corresponds to Sesamum orientale (Pedaliaceae) [= S. indicum L.]. iAs number USDA accession number 9569 (Ryerson, 1933: 9), it is likely that this was a typographic mistake and the actual number is 98694 jSee note h. kCollection book page for this entry has the following statement: “No use made of this number;” however, Dorsett (1921-1932: 784) indicated that number 2579 was assigned to a collection of Lycopersicum esculentum made in Nassau on 9-Jan-32. lSee note g.

References Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M. T. (2012). Catalogue of seed of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98, 1–1192. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (2019). Flora of the West Indies. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Retrieved from https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/WestIndies/catalog.htm