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Freesia (Iridaceae) S T R E L I T Z I A 27 Botany and horticulture of the genus Freesia (Iridaceae) by John C. Manning South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, 7735 Claremont, Cape Town. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pieter- maritzburg. School of Biological and Conservation Sciences. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, Private Bag X101, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. & Peter Goldblatt B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA. with G.D. Duncan South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, 7735 Claremont, Cape Town; F. Forest Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; R. Kaiser Givaudan Schweiz AG, Überlandstrasse 138, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; I. Tatarenko Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom. Paintings by Auriol Batten. Line drawings by John C. Manning SOUTH AFRICAN national biodiversity institute SANBI Pretoria 2010 Acknowledgements Several people helped materially by providing living material for il- lustration and we are very grateful to them for this: they include Fanie Avenant from Victoria West, Fiona Barbour from Kimberley, Anne Pa- terson from Clanwilliam, Ted Oliver from Stellenbosch, members of the Kirstenbosch branch of the Botanical Society of South Africa, and espe- cially Cameron and Rhoda MacMaster from Napier, who personally col- lected and delivered flowering and fruiting plants to us and to Auriol. We also thank Elizabeth Parker for her enthusiasm and for facilitating several collecting expeditions, and Rose Smuts for her company and help in the field. Joop Doorduin, Freesia cultivar expert of The Netherlands, very kindly compiled the list of 25 of the most popular cultivars. The elec- tronic maps were kindly prepared by Michelle Smith and Les Powrie of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, and we are also deeply grateful to the editorial staff at the Institute for their professionalism. Field work for this account was sponsored in part by Katsumi Shimi- zu, who also provided notes on Freesia cultivation in Japan and whose interest in this project was instrumental in its genesis. We are also ex- tremely grateful to Elizabeth Parker and the Parker Family of Elandsberg Nature Reserve for additional sponsorship towards the publication of this volume. Elizabeth is a staunch and active supporter of botanical re- search in South Africa, with a particular interest in promoting systematic research into the flora. She participated actively in the expeditions to collect flowering plants for illustration, and her generous contributions expedited the appearance of this revision. New combination, species and statuses in Strelitzia 27 (2010) Freesia grandiflora (Baker) Klatt subsp. occulta J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, subsp. nov., 111 Freesia leichtlinii Klatt subsp. alba (G.L.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, stat. et comb. nov., 70 Freesia praecox J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, sp. nov., 65 Freesia subgen. Viridibractea (Goldblatt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, stat. nov., 50 Freesia viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning subsp. crispifolia (Goldblatt) J.C.Manning & Gold- blatt, comb. nov., 55 Auriol Batten We have great pleasure in dedicating this volume to Auriol Batten in recognition of her unfailing talent and enthusiasm in this and other projects that we have shared with her, notably the revisions of ‘Gladiolus in southern Africa’ and of ‘Crocosmia and Chasmanthe’. It has always been a great pleasure to work with Auriol, and her clear vision and in- cisive mind have been an inspiration. She started work on this project a year before her ninetieth birthday and completed the paintings the year after—a remarkable achievement by a remarkable artist. The photograph depicts Auriol holding the Lifetime Achievement Award for Botanical Art, which she received at the Kirstenbosch Bien- nale in September 2008. Auriol Batten Auriol Ursula Batten is South Africa’s finest at the Inaugural Exhibition of Botanical Art, Kirst- living botanical artist. Born in Pietermaritzburg, enbosch Biennale, followed in 2008 by the Life- KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa in 1918, time Achievement Award at the Kirstenbosch she graduated with a B.Sc degree from the lo- Biennale in recognition of her contribution to cal university in 1937, majoring in Botany and botanical art in South Africa. Geo graphy, and went on to pursue a career teaching at various schools in the Natal mid- Auriol has illustrated several botanical mon- lands. Her interest in flower painting stems from ographs, including works on Dierama, Gladi- her school years, where she received instruction olus and most recently Crocosmia, and individ- from two dedicated mistresses in botany and art, ual paintings have appeared in Curtis’s Botanical later studying art at the nearby Durban Techni- Magazine and Flowering Plants of Africa. Her cal College. She remained in the province until talents as an artist are matched by her scientific 1945 when she moved to East London, where insight and many of the plates in these works she lives today. owe their completeness to her persistence in ac- quiring fruiting stages long after the initial work After settling down in East London she de- was done. Her work was chosen for the exhibi- voted her spare time to painting and the result tion Art in Science at the International Botanical was the publication in 1966 of Wild flowers of the Congress, Missouri in 1999 and is in the collec- Eastern Cape Province, a collaborative venture tions of the South African National Biodiversity between herself and another local artist, Hertha Institute and of the Royal Botanical Garden, Ed- Bokelmann. This was the first wild flower guide inburgh. to the region and its genesis and production were due entirely to her creative and scientific Her interest in wild flowers extends far be- efforts. The sumptuous Flowers of southern Africa yond their illustration. She is a founder member followed in 1986, in which she illustrated 100 of the Border Wildflower Society and still serves species, again accompanied by text written and on the board of various conservation bodies. For compiled entirely by herself. She was awarded a these and her continued dedication to botanical Gold Medal by the RHS that year and her inter- matters in general she has received various civic national reputation as a botanical artist was ce- decorations and in 1994 was awarded an honor- mented. In 2000 she was awarded a Gold Medal ary doctorate by Rhodes University. Contents Acknowledgements . ii New combination, species and statuses in Strelitzia 27 (2010) . ii Auriol Batten . iii, iv Abstract and keywords . 1 Introduction . 2 Materials and methods . 4 Taxonomic history. 6 Morphological characters of taxonomic significance . 9 Phylogenetic relationships by F. Forest, I. Tatrenko, J. Manning & P. Goldblatt. 22 Systematics . 26 Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt . 26 Key to species . 27 Subgen. Freesia. 29 1. F. laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning. 29 1a. subsp. laxa . 31 1b. subsp. azurea Goldblatt & Hutchings . 33 2. F. grandiflora (Baker) Klatt . 33 2a. subsp. grandiflora . 111 2b. subsp. occulta J.C. Manning & Goldblatt . 111 3. F. andersoniae L.Bolus . 35 4. F. speciosa L.Bolus . 37 5. F. verrucosa (B.Vogel) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning. 41 6. F. corymbosa (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. 43 7. F. refracta (Jacq.) Klatt . 45 8. F. occidentalis L.Bolus . 49 Subgen. Viridibractea (Goldblatt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt . 50 Sect. Alatae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt . 51 9. F. viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning. 51 9a. subsp. viridis . 55 9b. subsp. crispifolia (Goldblatt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt . 55 Sect. Viridibractea Goldblatt . 55 10. F. sparrmanii (Thunb.) N.E.Br. 55 11. F. fucata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt . 57 12. F. marginata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt . 59 13. F. caryophyllacea (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. 60 14. F. praecox J.C.Manning & Goldblatt . 65 15. F. leichtlinii Klatt . 66 15a. subsp. leichtlinii . 70 15b. subsp. alba (G.L.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt. 70 16. F. fergusoniae L.Bolus . 71 Additional material seen . 76 Excluded species. 79 Floral scent chemistry of Freesia species by R. Kaiser . 80 Pollination biology . ..
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