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The New Kirstenbosch Bulb Terrace
- Growing indigenous Working with the seasons The new Kirstenbosch Bulb Terrace by Graham Duncan, Kirstenbosch Heavy winter rains, inadequately drained soils and insufficient winter light lev els experienced in many parts of Kirstenbosch preclude the display of a wide vari ety of our spectacular wealth of winter-growing bulbous plants in the garden itself. In addition, the depredations of molerats, and more importantly, marauding por cupines place further constraints on bulbs that can be displayed to the public. For these reasons the more fastidious species are cultivated under cover in the Kirstenbosch bulb nursery and displayed in containers, in season, inside the Kay Bergh Bulb House of the Botanical Society Conservatory. Although bulbous plants that are able to stand up to the rigours of general gar den cultivation are displayed in many parts of the garden, no section is specifical ly dedicated to bulbs. However, with the recent completion of the Centre for Home Gardening, an area known as the Bulb Terrace has been specifically provided for the display of both winter- and summer-growing bulbs. We hope these displays will draw attention to the many bulbous species suitable for home gardens. Passing through the Centre for Home Gardening towards the garden, the Bulb Terrace comprises eight broadly rectangular beds on either side of the sloping main bricked walkway adjacent to the new Kirstenbosch Tearoom. Four beds on each side of the walkway alternate with wooden benches. Quantities of heavy, poorly ABOVE: The dwarf Watsonia coccinea provides a brilliant splash of reddish-orange in mid-September. Photo Graham Duncan drained soil was removed from each bed. -
Crocosmia X Crocosmiiflora Montbretia Crocosmia Aurea X Crocosmia Pottsii – Naturally Occurring Hybrid
Top 40 Far Flung Flora A selection of the best plants for pollinators from the Southern Hemisphere List Curated by Thomas McBride From research data collected and collated at the National Botanic Garden of Wales NB: Butterflies and Moths are not studied at the NBGW so any data on nectar plants beneficial for them is taken from Butterfly Conservation The Southern Hemisphere Verbena bonariensis The Southern Hemisphere includes all countries below the equator. As such, those countries are the furthest from the UK and tend to have more exotic and unusual native species. Many of these species cannot be grown in the UK, but in slightly more temperate regions, some species will thrive here and be of great benefit to our native pollinators. One such example is Verbena bonariensis, native to South America, which is a big hit with our native butterfly and bumblebee species. The Southern Hemisphere contains a lower percentage of land than the northern Hemisphere so the areas included are most of South America (particularly Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Peru), Southern Africa (particularly South Africa) and Oceania (Particularly Australia and New Zealand). A large proportion of the plants in this list are fully hardy in the UK but some are only half-hardy. Half-hardy annuals may be planted out in the spring and will flourish. Half-hardy perennials or shrubs may need to be grown in pots and moved indoors during the winter months or grown in a very sheltered location. The plants are grouped by Tropaeolum majus Continent rather than a full alphabetical -
JUDD W.S. Et. Al. (1999) Plant Systematics
CHAPTER8 Phylogenetic Relationships of Angiosperms he angiosperms (or flowering plants) are the dominant group of land Tplants. The monophyly of this group is strongly supported, as dis- cussed in the previous chapter, and these plants are possibly sister (among extant seed plants) to the gnetopsids (Chase et al. 1993; Crane 1985; Donoghue and Doyle 1989; Doyle 1996; Doyle et al. 1994). The angio- sperms have a long fossil record, going back to the upper Jurassic and increasing in abundance as one moves through the Cretaceous (Beck 1973; Sun et al. 1998). The group probably originated during the Jurassic, more than 140 million years ago. Cladistic analyses based on morphology, rRNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences do not support the traditional division of angiosperms into monocots (plants with a single cotyledon, radicle aborting early in growth with the root system adventitious, stems with scattered vascular bundles and usually lacking secondary growth, leaves with parallel venation, flow- ers 3-merous, and pollen grains usually monosulcate) and dicots (plants with two cotyledons, radicle not aborting and giving rise to mature root system, stems with vascular bundles in a ring and often showing sec- ondary growth, leaves with a network of veins forming a pinnate to palmate pattern, flowers 4- or 5-merous, and pollen grains predominantly tricolpate or modifications thereof) (Chase et al. 1993; Doyle 1996; Doyle et al. 1994; Donoghue and Doyle 1989). In all published cladistic analyses the “dicots” form a paraphyletic complex, and features such as two cotyle- dons, a persistent radicle, stems with vascular bundles in a ring, secondary growth, and leaves with net venation are plesiomorphic within angio- sperms; that is, these features evolved earlier in the phylogenetic history of tracheophytes. -
Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis Peter Goldblatt Missouri Botanical Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 32 2006 Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis Peter Goldblatt Missouri Botanical Garden T. Jonathan Davies Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew John C. Manning National Botanical Institute Kirstenbosch Michelle van der Bank Rand Afrikaans University Vincent Savolainen Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Goldblatt, Peter; Davies, T. Jonathan; Manning, John C.; van der Bank, Michelle; and Savolainen, Vincent (2006) "Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 32. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/32 MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 399-41 I © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENY OF IRIDACEAE SUBFAMILY CROCOIDEAE BASED ON A COMBINED MULTIGENE PLASTID DNA ANALYSIS 1 5 2 PETER GOLDBLATT, · T. JONATHAN DAVIES, JOHN C. MANNING,:l MICHELLE VANDER BANK,4 AND VINCENT SAVOLAINEN2 'B. A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA; 2Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; 3National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Cape Town, South Africa; 4 Botany Department, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa 5 Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The phylogeny of Crocoideae, the largest of four subfamilies currently recognized in Tridaceae, has eluded resolution until sequences of two more plastid DNA regions were added here to a previously published matrix containing sequences from four DNA plastid regions. -
Freesia (Iridaceae)
S T R E L I T Z I A 27 Botany and horticulture of the genus Freesia (Iridaceae) by John C. Manning South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, 7735 Claremont, Cape Town. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pieter- maritzburg. School of Biological and Conservation Sciences. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, Private Bag X101, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. & Peter Goldblatt B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA. with G.D. Duncan South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, 7735 Claremont, Cape Town; F. Forest Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; R. Kaiser Givaudan Schweiz AG, Überlandstrasse 138, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; I. Tatarenko Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom. Paintings by Auriol Batten. Line drawings by John C. Manning SOUTH AFRICAN national biodiversity institute SANBI Pretoria 2010 Acknowledgements Several people helped materially by providing living material for il- lustration and we are very grateful to them for this: they include Fanie Avenant from Victoria West, Fiona Barbour from Kimberley, Anne Pa- terson from Clanwilliam, Ted Oliver from Stellenbosch, members of the Kirstenbosch branch of the Botanical Society of South Africa, and espe- cially Cameron and Rhoda MacMaster from Napier, who personally col- lected and delivered flowering and fruiting plants to us and to Auriol. We also thank Elizabeth Parker for her enthusiasm and for facilitating several collecting expeditions, and Rose Smuts for her company and help in the field. Joop Doorduin, Freesia cultivar expert of The Netherlands, very kindly compiled the list of 25 of the most popular cultivars. -
Flowering Bulbs for Tennessee Gardens
Agricultural Extension Service The University of Tennessee PB 1610 Flowering Bulbs for Tennessee Gardens 1 Contents Bulbs ........................................3 Corms .......................................3 Tubers .......................................3 Rhizomes .....................................4 Culture ......................................4 Introduction ................................4 Site Selection ................................5 Site Preparation ..............................5 Selecting Plant Material ........................5 Planting Spring-Flowering Geophytes ................6 Iris .......................................6 Planting Summer-Flowering Geophytes ..............7 Caladium ..................................7 Canna .....................................8 Dahlia .....................................8 Gladiolus ..................................9 Maintenance of Geophytes ....................... 10 Forcing Spring-Flowering Geophytes in the Home ... 11 Forcing Tender Geophytes in the Home ........... 12 Amaryllis ................................. 12 Dictionary of Bulbous Plants ...................... 13 The Bulb Selector .............................. 21 Mail Order Sources ............................ 22 U.S.D.A. Hardiness Zone Map .................... 23 2 Flowering Bulbs for Tennessee Gardens Mary Lewnes Albrecht, Professor and Head Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Design wealth of spring-, are thick, fleshy, modified corm does not summer- and fall- leaves, the scales. The scales persist from A flowering -
Review of the Genus Xenoscapa (Iridaceae: Crocoideae), Including X. Grandiflora, a New Species from Southern Namibia
Bothalia 41,2: 283–288 (2011) Review of the genus Xenoscapa (Iridaceae: Crocoideae), including X. grandiflora, a new species from southern Namibia J.C. MANNING* and P. GOLDBLATT** Keywords: Iridaceae, new species, southern Africa, taxonomy, Xenoscapa (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning ABSTRACT The small genus Xenoscapa (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, endemic to the southern African winter rainfall region, is reviewed. The new species X. grandiflora is described from the deeply dissected southern part of the Huib Hoch Plateau in southern Namibia. It differs from the two known species in the genus in its significantly larger, pale lilac flowers. Full descriptions and accounts of all three known species are provided, with distribution maps and illustrations. INTRODUCTION The two known species of Xenoscapa are distin- guished by small differences in perianth size and colour, Xenoscapa (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, one of height of the flowering stems in fruit, and the presence the smallest genera in Iridaceae, currently comprises two or absence of floral fragrance (Table 1). X. fistulosa is species from the winter rainfall region of southern Namibia relatively widespread, occurring throughout the range and southwestern South Africa. Both are small, deciduous of the genus, from the Huib Hoch Plateau in southern geophytes with two or three, soft-textured, prostrate foli- Nambia southwards along the Namaqualand escarpment age leaves and unusual, single-flowered, mostly shortly and the interior mountains of the southwestern Cape, branched spikes (Goldblatt & Manning 1995, 2008). The with two outlying populations along the West Coast vegetative similarity between them extends to the flowers, (Goldblatt & Manning 2000a). X. -
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, FLOWERING and CORM YIELD of Crocosmia × Crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E
ISSN 1644-0692 www.acta.media.pl Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 14(2) 2015, 97-108 MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, FLOWERING AND CORM YIELD OF Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E. CULTIVARS ARE DETERMINED BY PLANTING TIME Piotr Żurawik, Piotr Salachna, Agnieszka Żurawik, Agnieszka Dobrowolska West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Abstract. Crocosmia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora) is an exceptionally attractive and in- teresting ornamental plant. Numerous varieties of this species have been produced, how- ever, the information concerning their requirements and cultivation conditions is lacking. The study was conducted in the field conditions in the years 2008–2010. The plant mate- rial included corms of four crocosmia cultivars: ‘Emily McKenzie’, ‘Lucifer’, ‘Mars’, and ‘Meteor’. The corms were planted on 15th April, 5th May and 25th May. The number of days from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering was established, and measurements of vegetative and generative traits were performed during cultivation. Corm yield was determined at the end of the cultivation period. It was found that delaying the planting time resulted in accelerated sprouting of the corms. Irrespective of the culti- var, the plants grown from the corms planted on 5th May were the first, and those planted on 25th May – the last to bloom. The corm planting time affected vegetative and genera- tive features of the crocosmia plants. The plants grown from the corms planted on 5th and 25th May were higher, had more shoots and leaves on the main shoots. The plants grown from the corms planted on 5th May were characterized by the longest main inflorescence shoots and flowers of larger diameter than the plants grown from the corms planted on 15th April and 25th May. -
Crocosmia Aurea Falling Stars, Valentine Flower, Montbretia (Eng); Sterretjies, Valentynsblom (Afr); Umlunge, Udwendweni (Isizulu)
Krantzkloof in Your Garden Factsheet #7 Scientific Name: Common Names: Crocosmia aurea falling stars, valentine flower, montbretia (Eng); sterretjies, valentynsblom (Afr); umlunge, udwendweni (isiZulu) Conservation Status Least Concern (LC) Plant Type / Size Deciduous, perennial bulb / Medium A member of the Iridaceae (or Iris) family. A fast growing, clump forming and very attractive garden plant that produces bright star shaped orange or yellow flowers in a branched inflorescence at the end of a flower stalk. The tall stalks are stunning as cut flowers in a vase. Flowers produce leathery orange capsules, which contain shiny, purplish, black, rounded seeds. It is a hardy, deciduous, perennial bulb that is often found in large colonies in forests or forest margins. Leaves have a distinct midvein that forms a stem at the base. Flowering Season: Spring Summer Autumn Winter Photo credit: Kerileigh Lobban February to May Drought Tolerance Gardening Skill Needed Pot Plant Potential Low Moderate High Low Moderate High Expert Poor Moderate Good Excellent Very hardy plants Use clay or concrete pots because the roots are sharp and strong and can easily damage weaker pots. Water Regime Water well in summer. Spr Sum Aut Wint Soil Type Loam Semi-shaded areas. Ideal Position Natural: in moist habitats e.g. stream banks, wooded kloofs, and forest margins. Seeds: A vigorous self seeder if left. Hand sow seeds in a compost-based growing medium and keep moist. Keep in a warm environment until the plant is established. Will take two years before the first flowers appear. How to Propagate Splitting Corms: Corms will multiply rapidly if left undisturbed. -
Garden Mastery Tips January/February 2006 from Clark County Master Gardeners
Garden Mastery Tips January/February 2006 from Clark County Master Gardeners African Bulbs (part three of a series): Crocosmia The genus Crocosmia belongs to the Iris family (Iridaceae) and contains eleven or so species of cormous perennials, most of them native to southern and tropical Africa. A corm is a swollen stem base that is modified into a mass of storage tissue. A corm is technically different from a true bulb because it does not have visible storage rings when cut in half. Gladioli, crocus and autumn crocus are other examples of plants that grow from corms. The name crocosmia comes from the Greek words for saffron (krokos) and smell (osme), because dipping dry crocosmia flowers in water apparently releases a saffron-like aroma. Common names for crocosmia are coppertips and falling stars. Other names for hybrids and cultivars include montbretia, antholyza and curtonus. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) dates from the 1800s. The Lemoine nursery in France named this natural hybrid after the botanist Antoine François Ernest Conquebert de Montbret, who accompanied Napoleon on his 1778 Egyptian campaign. Montbretia, along with Crocosmia masoniorum (Crocosmia ‘Marcotijn’), and some forms of Crocosmia pottsii (including ‘Red King’ and ‘Red Star’) spread readily. There are approximately 400 crocosmia cultivars. Just because a few cultivars have shown invasive tendencies, gardeners should not shy away from growing any of them. That would be a sad and unnecessary deprivation, indeed; so do yourself (and the local hummingbirds) a favor and include crocosmias in your garden. The named cultivars are probably less invasive than the straight species. Why grow crocosmias? Few diseases or pests (including slugs!) seem to trouble crocosmias. -
Garden Guide 2016 12-16-15:Layout 1 12/17/15 8:21 AM Page 2
KVB Garden Guide 2016_12-16-15:Layout 1 12/17/15 8:21 AM Page 2 $5.95 Garden Guide A comprehensive planting and growing guide for bulbs and perennials HARDINESS ZONE MAP See Page 41 KVB Garden Guide 2016_12-16-15:Layout 1 12/17/15 8:21 AM Page 3 IMPORTANT! UPON ARRIVAL We are often asked questions about the proper storage of the plant material we offer. In response, we offer you these guidelines… Bulbs for Spring Planting Plant the bulbs as soon as you receive your shipment. If you cannot plant the bulbs immediately, remove the bulbs from plastic bags and put them on a tray in a cool, dark, dry, well-ventilated place until you have a chance to plant them. Do not let the bulbs freeze. Plant outdoors when the conditions are right for your zone. Bulbs for Fall Planting Plant the bulbs as soon as possible after you receive them. If you cannot plant them right away, open the cartons. If the bulbs are in plastic bags, remove them Non-Dormant in Pots: from the plastic. Place them on a tray in a cool, dark Some perennials will be shipped dry, well-ventilated area until you can plant them. Do to you from our greenhouses. They will be in pots not store them at temperatures below 39°F. Generally and may have actively growing green leaves. all bulbs planted during the fall are hardy and do not These pots should be immersed in water upon arrival need any special protection unless specified in this to thoroughly soak the root ball. -
Bulb Preclearance Program Identification Manual
Bulb Preclearance Program Identification Manual Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any third party for patent infringement. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communciation of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. When using pesticies, read and follow all label instructions. First Edition Issued 2011 Figures Bulb Identification Figure 2-1 Corm Sketch 2-2 Figure 2-2 Corm with Tunic Removed 2-3 Figure 2-3 Stages of Development of Gladiolus Corm 2-3 Figure 2-4 Acidanthera 2-5 Figure 2-5 Stromatinia gladioli on Acidanthera 2-6 Figure 2-6 Babiana 2-7 Figure 2-7 Brodiaea 2-9 Figure 2-8 Rhodococcus fascians on Brodiaea 2-10 Figure 2-9 Colchicum 2-11 Figure 2-10 Fusarium on Colchicum 2-12 Figure 2-11 Ditylenchus destructor on Colchicum.