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Redescubrimiento De "Romulea Bulbocodium" En La Provincia De Sevilla

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Redescubrimiento De ARTÍCULOS Botanica Complutensis ISSN-e: 1988-2874 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/BOCM.63163 Redescubrimiento de Romulea bulbocodium en la provincia de Sevilla José Luis Medina-Gavilán1 Recibido: 2019-02-07 / Aceptado: 2019-03-29 / Publicado: 2019-06-06 Resumen. Se confirma la presencia de Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri en la provincia de Sevilla, donde no se había citado desde 1861. Se trata de un geófito de distribución circunmediterránea, versátil en la ocupación del hábitat y ampliamente extendido en la Península Ibérica. Actualmente se consideraba ausente del territorio hispalense, donde continúa siendo una especie muy rara. Convive con Romulea ramiflora Ten. susbp. ramiflora. Palabras clave: Romulea bulbocodium; corología; pinares de Aznalcázar; bosque-isla; SO ibérico. Rediscovery of Romulea bulbocodium in the province of Seville Abstract. The presence of Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri is confirmed in the province of Seville, where it had not been reported since 1861. Geophyte of circunmediterranean distribution, it is versatile in habitat occupancy and widespread in the Iberian Peninsula. It was considered absent of the territory of Seville, where it still considered as a very rare species. It coexists with Romulea ramiflora Ten. subsp. ramiflora. Keywords: Romulea bulbocodium; chorology; Aznalcázar Pine-forest; relictual forest-patch; Iberian SW. dium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri, R. columnae Se- Introducción bast. & Mauri, R. clusiana (Lange) Nyman, R. rollii Parl. y R. variicolor Mifsud (Cardiel Romulea Maratti (Iridaceae subfam. Crocoi- 2013, Fraga-Arguimbau et al. 2018). Parece deae Burnett) incluye unas 95 especies de mo- haber discrepancias en la resolución del es- nocotiledóneas petaloideas, cuyo centro de di- tatus taxonómico de Romulea bifrons Pau [= versidad se sitúa en zonas de clima mediterrá- R. ramiflora subsp. gaditana (Kunze) Marais] neo en la región florística de El Cabo (Manning (Navarro & Jiménez 2009, Cardiel 2013) y el & Goldblatt 2001). Como es característico en de Romulea assumptionis Garcías Font [= R. otras iridáceas con las que comparte afinidades columnae subsp. assumptionis (Garcías Font) ecológicas y procesos históricos comunes, Ro- O. Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot] (Castro mulea ocupa una extensa área de distribución & Roselló 2005). Por último, la presencia de desde su probable centro de origen en el sur del Romulea revelieri Jordan & Fourr. en las Islas continente africano hasta la cuenca del Medi- Baleares (Moreno 2008) ha sido recientemente terráneo, donde presenta un centro secundario descartada (Fraga-Arguimbau et al. 2018). de diversidad (Goldblatt 1983, Goldblatt et al. 2002b, Valente et al. 2011). Las aproximada- Entre las especies mediterráneas, Romulea mente 15 especies mediterráneas de Romulea bulbocodium es la de mayor amplitud geográ- (Peruzzi et al. 2011, Mifsud 2015) constituyen fica. Su distribución se extiende desde Turquía un grupo natural de singular valor sistemático al archipiélago canario, y desde el norte de como consecuencia de su historia biogeográ- África e Israel al suroeste de Francia y sur de fica. Dentro del género, estas especies se in- Bulgaria (GBIF 2018; Marais 1980). También cluyen en la sección Romulea, serie Romulea parece ser la especie de mayor rango ecoló- (Manning & Goldblatt 2001). gico y variabilidad morfológica (Frignani & En la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Iliriti 2011), incluyendo la frecuente presencia el género está representado por al menos seis de formas ginodioicas (Moret et al. 1993). A especies: Romulea ramiflora Ten., R. bulboco- pesar de todo, mantiene como rasgos estables 1 Sociedad de Estudios Ambientales (SOCEAMB). C/ Perú, 4, 2ª planta. 41100. Coria del Río (Sevilla), España. E-mail: [email protected] ORCID iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-220X Bot. complut. 43, 2019: 47-50 47 48 Medina-Gavilán, J. L. Bot. complut. 43, 2019: 47-50 y característicos un diseño hercogámico con “bosque isla” por la Consejería de Medio Am- ramas estilares que superan inequívocamente biente y Ordenación del Territorio de la Junta la altura de las anteras, un tubo periantial muy de Andalucía (Martín Martín et al. 2013). Este corto y bractéolas ampliamente escariosas enclave juega un notable papel como reservo- (Cardiel 2013). rio de diversidad florística particularmente Su distribución en la Península Ibérica está de especies sabulícolas, posibilitando, con su centrada en la mitad occidental (GBIF, 2018), posición geográfica, la conectividad ecológica excluyendo algunos territorios intercalados entre las comarcas naturales del litoral y del in- en donde su ausencia no resulta esperable si terior (Garrido et al., 2002; Avilés et al. 2015). se atiende a su patrón corológico y a sus re- La población estudiada es de escaso tama- querimientos ecológicos. Éste es el caso de la ño, compuesta por grupos formados por pocos provincia de Sevilla, de donde sólo se cono- individuos y separados entre ellos a distancias cía la antigua mención de Willkomm & Lange de entre 2 y 5 km. Todos los individuos exa- (1861: 145), que nunca ha podido ser contras- minados presentan flores funcionalmente her- tada. Citada como Trichonema purpurascens mafroditas, con estilo que supera claramente el Sweet, Lange la recolectó entre 1851 y 1852 ápice de las anteras, aunque sin sobrepasarlo en el término municipal de Carmona, en la en más de 5 mm, y periantio de unos 30 mm desaparecida posta de la Venta de la Portu- de longitud, si bien el tubo periantial conser- guesa (30STG8051), localizada en el camino va una longitud inferior a 4 mm. En fresco, la de Sevilla a Córdoba sobre suelos arcillosos flor presenta una pigmentación hipocromática, (chromoxerert). De hecho, la reciente revisión aunque con nerviación violácea bien marca- de este género para la flora ibérica no conside- da y garganta amarillenta; en seco, este rasgo ra la presencia de Romulea bulbocodium en la queda muy desdibujado. Producen cápsulas provincia de Sevilla (Cardiel, 2013). con semillas aparentemente viables. Ecológicamente, se integra en un pi- nar con sotobosque leñoso disperso, sobre Resultados y Discusión sustrato arenoso ácido (fragixeralf típico), en condiciones de semisombra y forman- Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri, do parte de una comunidad pascícola de la Fl. Roman. Prodr.: 17 (1818) asociación Chamaemelo mixti - Vulpietum España: Sevilla: Aznalcázar, Monte “Gru- alopecuroris Rivas Martínez, Costa, Castro- po ordenado de Aznalcázar”. Cañada Real viejo & E. Valdés, 1980. Convive con Ro- de los Isleños: 29SQB4723, 30 m s.n.m., mulea ramiflora Ten. subsp. ramiflora (SEV 26.II.2014, J. L. Medina-Gavilán s.n., SEV 287892) –que sí es relativamente frecuente 287893; 29SQB4624, 15 m s.n.m., 23.I.2019, en la zona–, Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr., S. Aguilar s.n., SEV 287894. Marcus-Kochia triloba (L.) Al-Shehbaz, Se ha localizado una población de Romulea Rumex bucephalophorus L. subsp. gallicus bulbocodium al sur de la provincia de Sevilla, (Steihn.) Rech., Erodium cicutarium (L.) con lo que se confirma finalmente su cuestio- L’Hér., Thrincia hispida Roth, Acis trico- nada presencia en el territorio hispalense y se phylla (Schousb.) Sweet, Dipcadi serotinum amplía su distribución a prácticamente la tota- (L.) Medik y Anemone palmata L., entre lidad de las provincias occidentales españolas. otras. Los enclaves donde aparece esta espe- La nueva cita se sitúa a 80 km al sureste de cie están sometidos a perturbación recurren- la localidad señalada por Willkomm & Lange te por pisoteo, estacionamiento de vehículos (1861) para la provincia de Sevilla. y fuego en sitio no habilitado, que pudieran La especie se ha hallado en una zona fo- influir en la conservación de esta rara planta restal de titularidad pública conocida como en la provincia. “Pinares de La Puebla del Río y Aznalcázar”, La apariencia poco conspicua de sus ór- situada en el entorno amplio de la desemboca- ganos aéreos y la precocidad y fugacidad dura del Guadalquivir y a corta distancia del de su floración, junto a la inconstancia inte- Espacio Natural de Doñana. Se trata de una ranual en su floración, constituyen otro in- extensa masa ordenada de pinar de Pinus pi- conveniente de esta especie para ser detecta- nea L. acompañada de un sotobosque leñoso da en el área de estudio. En efecto, desde que en buen estado de conservación, que por sus esta especie fuera primeramente localizada valores ecológicos ha sido catalogada como en 2014, ninguna de las subpoblaciones de- Medina-Gavilán, J. L. Bot. complut. 43, 2019: 47-50 49 tectadas ha florecido en dos o más ocasiones. Agradecimientos. Agradezco enormemente la De tal manera que, aunque se han obtenido ayuda y dedicación prestada por Soledad Aguilar resultados negativos en la prospección de y Luis M. Domínguez Silva, en la búsqueda de otros puntos cercanos que reúnen condi- nuevos individuos, y de los dos revisores anóni- ciones apropiadas para su presencia, no es mos que han enriquecido el trabajo con sus suge- improbable que se obtengan nuevas citas en rencias. Dedicado a Charo Macías (1967-2019) in este mismo enclave. memoriam, otra rara flor que no olvidaremos Referencias bibliográficas Avilés, A.; Medina-Gavilán, J. L.; Morales Holgado, M. & Lama Sánchez, A. 2015. Flora básica de la red de senderos ornitológicos de la comarca Aljarafe-Doñana. ADAD, Sevilla. Cardiel, J. M. 2013. Romulea Maratti. En: S. Talavera et al. (eds.), Flora ibérica 20: 465-473. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid. Castro, M. & Roselló, J. A. 2005. Chromosome numbers in plant taxa endemic to the Balearic Islands. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 148: 219-228. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00397.x Fraga-Arguimbau, P.; Mascaró-Sintes, C.; Pallicer-Allès, X. & Carreras-Martí, D. 2018. Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de menorca (XIII). Notes florístiques. Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 61: 183-191. Frignani, F. & Iliriti, G. 2011. The genus Romulea in Italy: taxonomy, ecology and intraspecific variation in relation to the flora of Western Mediterranean islands. Fitosociologia 48: 13-20. Garrido, B.; Aparicio, A.; Pérez-Porras, C.; Aparicio, J.; García Martín, F.; Fernández Carrillo, L. & Carrasco, M. A.
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