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Two New Species of Zygotritonia Mildbr. (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) from Eastern Tropical Africa with Notes on the Morphology of the Genus

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Two New Species of Zygotritonia Mildbr. (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) from Eastern Tropical Africa with Notes on the Morphology of the Genus South African Journal of Botany 96 (2015) 37–41 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Two new species of Zygotritonia Mildbr. (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) from eastern tropical Africa with notes on the morphology of the genus P. Goldblatt a,b,⁎,J.C.Manningb,c, S. Sebsebe Demissew d a B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa c Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa d National Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 3434, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia article info abstract Article history: The tropical African genus Zygotritonia Mildbr., now with six species, extends from the Fouta Djalon highlands of Received 16 July 2014 Guinea in West Africa to southern South Sudan, southern Congo, northern Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and west- Received in revised form 5 November 2014 ern Ethiopia. Two new species are described: Zygotritonia benishangula Goldblatt & Sebsebe from western Accepted 10 November 2014 Ethiopia has a basal foliage leaf clasping the stem up to the base of the spike or first branch, with a short, closely Available online xxxx pleated-foliose blade that differs from the simply pleated blades of most other species; Zygotritonia teretifolia Edited by JS Boatwright Goldblatt & J.C. Manning from the Uzondo Plateau, Mpanda District, Tanzania, is distinguished by its narrow, compressed-terete leaves and short stature, up to 200 mm high. Flowers of both Z. benishangula and Keywords: Z. teretifolia conform to those of other species of the genus in their small size, bilateral symmetry with large hood- Ethiopia ed dorsal tepal and much shorter, spooned lower tepals. The style in both species ultimately divides into three New species short branches, not undivided as has been described for other species of Zygotritonia. Tanzania © 2014 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Taxonomy 1. Introduction Republic. New collections of the genus from western Ethiopia first re- ported by Sebsebe Demissew et al. (2003) as Z. praecox significantly ex- Zygotritonia Mildbr. (1923) was described for the South Sudan spe- tended the range of the genus, and our examination of the Ethiopian cies, Zygotritonia bongensis, and the south tropical African species, collections shows that they represent an unknown species, described Zygotritonia nyassana, but a later revision of the genus (Goldblatt, here as Zygotritonia benishangula Goldblatt & Sebsebe. A second new 1989) recognised an additional two species. One of 10 genera of species has been recorded on the Uzondo Plateau in the Mpanda District Watsonieae Klatt (subfam. Crocoideae Burnett), a tribe of predominant- of west-central Tanzania, and we describe that here as Zygotritonia ly southern African distribution (Goldblatt et al., 2006; Goldblatt and teretifolia Goldblatt & J.C. Manning. We also provide a new key to Manning, in press). Zygotritonia is recognised by the bilaterally symmet- Zygotritonia, now comprising six species. ric flower with spathulate tepals that are spooned at the tips, an en- larged, hooded dorsal tepal, and a style apparently entire or divided 2. Materials and methods into three short branches less than 0.4 mm long, this feature unique in Crocoideae. The ±globose corm, as in all Watsonieae (Goldblatt et al., The new species were described from herbarium material at ETH, K, 2004, 2006), is axillary in origin with fibrous corm tunics that form a and MO (herbarium abbreviations from Holmgren et al., 1990). dense shaggy coat, and in most species the leaf blades are pleated. The Leaf anatomy was examined by rehydrating a tissue fragment in 30% genus extends from the highlands of the Fouta Djalon of Guinea and ethanol to which a drop of commercial detergent had been added, fixing Senegal to Nigeria and Central African Republic in West Africa in FAA, dehydrating through an ethanol series, and embedding in paraf- [Zygotritonia praecox Stapf], across Ghana, northern Nigeria to fin wax following standard anatomical (Rudall, 1995). Cameroon, northern Congo and southern South Sudan [Z. bongensis (Pax) Mildbr.] to southern Congo, adjacent Zambia and southwestern 3. Results Tanzania and northern Malawi [Z. nyassana Mildbr.]. One species, Zygotritonia hysterantha Goldblatt, is restricted to Central African 3.1. Morphology 3.1.1. Style and stigma ⁎ Corresponding author at: B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA. Zygotritonia hasbeenregardedashavinganundividedstyle E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Goldblatt). (Goldblatt, 1993; Goldblatt and Manning, 2008), a character unique in http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.11.006 0254-6299/© 2014 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 38 P. Goldblatt et al. / South African Journal of Botany 96 (2015) 37–41 Crocoideae. Examination of the two new species described here shows sclerenchyma sheath is restricted to phloem caps, also extending to that the style ultimately divides into very short branches, visible the epidermis as girders. under 10× magnification. The style branches are entire and ±0.3 mm long in Z. benishangula, and just under 0.2 mm long in Z. teretifolia. 3.1.3. Flowers After examining a sample of other species of the genus we have found Flowers of all Zygotritonia species are virtually identical in shape and that the style of Z. hysterantha when mature is notched apically into almost so in size and differ, if at all only in quantitative features, includ- three, short lobes. The remaining species appear to have an undivided ing small differences in the length of the upper and lower tepals and sta- style but additional specimens should be critically examined for this mens. For this reason we have not provided a drawing of flowers of the feature. In the protologue of Tritonia bongensis Pax, basionym of two new species. Flowers of Z. bongensis, Z. nyassana and Z. praecox are Z. bongensis, the stigma [i.e. the apex of the style] was described as tri- illustrated in Goldblatt (1989, 1993), Goldblatt and Manning (2008: fi lobed (Pax, 1893), a feature we have not been able to con rm. Evidently, 121),andMildbraed (1923). the style arms, which comprise the stigmatic surfaces, remain clasped together until late in anthesis and separate, if at all, after the style has arched downward to lie ventral to the stamens. The apparently undivid- 3.2. Key to the species of Zygotritonia ed or shortly divided style with very short, entire branches less than 0.4 mm long remains a distinctive feature of the genus and unusual 1a. Flowering stem bearing sheathing leaves only or leaves with fl not only for Crocoideae but especially for tribe Watsonieae, in which blades shorter than the sheaths (foliage leaves produced after owering most genera and species have well-developed style branches each api- from separate shoots in some species): N fl cally notched or deeply divided. 2a. Plants usually 300 mm and up to 500 mm tall; owering stem bearing 2 or 3 sheathing leaves without free blade, sometimes … 3.1.2. Leaves imbricate Z. hysterantha fl Leaves of Zygotritonia species are typically pleated (Goldblatt, 1989) 2b. Plants rarely exceeding 250 mm; owering stem bearing 1 or 2 but until now only Z. nyassana has been examined anatomically (De Vos, leaves, these sheathing stem for most of their length but with free 1982). This species, which has a pleated blade, has the primary bundles blade shorter than sheath; always imbricate: – fl alternating and opposed, with a primary bundle at each keel; a 3a. Leaf blade ribbed, mostly 1 3mmwide; oral bracts dry, – – … pseudomidrib with two pairs of veins, each pair comprising a large bun- 2 3mmlong;uppertepal6 8mmlong Z. praecox – fl dle and opposed smaller bundle; and thickened leaf margins. Unusually, 3b. Leaf blade pleated and ribbed, 3 5mmwide; oral bracts green … the vascular bundles are not paired in large portions of the leaf, which below, ±3 mm long; upper tepal ±4.5 mm long Z. benishangula contrasts with the usual situation in plicate-leaved Crocoideae, in 1b. Flowering stem bearing foliage leaves with blades at least as long which the primary bundles are opposed by a smaller bundle (Rudall, as sheaths or much longer: b 1995). The leaf margin epidermis is of the normal type, as noted for 4a. Foliage leaf blade ± terete, 2 mm at widest diameter; plants up … the genus by Goldblatt et al. (2006). The leaves in Z. benishangula are to 200 mm tall Z. teretifolia sheathing for most of their length with only a short unifacial blade 4b. Foliage leaf blade pleated or folded with blade at least 3 mm – (Fig. 1A). The blade is pleated, with the primary bundles alternating, wide; plants 150 500 mm tall: fl but is elaborated by the development of foliose extensions or flanges 5a. Uppermost cataphyll with spreading to revolute apex; oral along the keels, identifiable as such by their bifacial nature with a single bracts pale green to dry straw-coloured, minutely papillate (using fi … row of vascular bundles. The primary and secondary bundles have in- 10 × magni cation) Z. nyassana complete sclerenchyma sheaths restricted to the phloem pole as caps 5b. Uppermost cataphyll straight, sheathing throughout (not revo- fl that extend to the epidermis as girders. The leaf blade in Z. teretifolia is lute); oral bracts dark green, smooth or rugose, not regularly minutely … terete or compressed-terete and elliptical in section, with a single pair papillate Z. bongensis of free, sub-opposite primary veins forming a pseudo-midrib, and sever- al additional secondary bundles around the leaf periphery (Fig.
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