ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 19 Number 2 1992

CONFERRING IN DUDLEY by Ron Moss on the Biack Country chain- trial processes Leisurely discussion conttnued makrng industry by Roger Dodsworth on glass late into the nrght in the Polytechnic bar The AlA s annual conference for 1991 at manufacturing rn the Stourbridge area, and by Some of the more formal events of the Dudley, was the best attended ever and one of Mike Glasson on the Walsall leather trades conference were a reception hosted by Dudley the most successful The nratn conference Informatrve and enjoyable excursions to local lvletropoliian Borough Council followed by an nrnn/2mmc ni 13-1\ SFnlember followed on sites were made on the Saturday afternoon excellent Conference Dinner and the annual from a pre-conference programme of visits and The conference divided into three parties, to AIA award presentations as reported in the last lectures introducing members to the locality ol visit Mushroom Green and the Cradley chain issue of the Bulletin The Annual Generai the conference, as described by Martlyn Palmer marrng distrrct. the Stuarl Crystal Glass Meeting ol the AIA was held on the Sunday and Peter Neaverson on page 2 The con- Museum, Wordsley Locks and Cobbs engine morning, at which the officers and Counctl of f erence was hosted by the Black Country house and the Walsall Leather Centre and the the Association were elected Two addittons to Society and the Black Country Museum and National Lock Museum at Wrllenhall Council were notified in the last Bulletin Iwo organised by John Crompton and Carol Whtt- Members' contnbutions sessions are always new Honorary Vice-Presidents were also elec- taker with assistance from Janet Graham John an enthusiastrcally supported element of con- ted: John Hume and Angus Buchanan In Fletcher and a posse of expert members of ference programmes grvrng members a commenting on Professor Buchanan s eiectton, the Black Country Society Accommodatton chance to learn about work others have been the President, David Alderton. remarked that he was at the Dudley Campus ot Wolverhampton doing or to test their own tdeas in front of an nad introduced many people to industrial Polytechn'c As we go to press this rs about to informed and interested audience The contri- archaeology with his penguin Although com- become The University of Wolverhampton but butions this year were rich and varied They pletely true and worthy of comment, thrs was a the change is not thought to be a drrect result rncluded short presentations on Beddingham remark which one anonymous member of the of the Assocratron s vrsit Shaft Lrme Krln underground archaeology, the Council visualised more zoologically than The marn conf ererrce began tn time tor skvscraoers of N/anhattan, town rubbish dis- literarily, even though he is a librarian A profile drnner on Friday 13 September, whtch was posal, Industrial archaeology on the Kenyan of Prolessor Buchanan is given below, and one lollowed by speeches of welco'ne by lan coast Black Country token coinage, the Wed- of John Hume will appear in the next edition A Walden, Drrector of the Black Country Museum, nesbury potteries, Lancashire mill architects, discussion was held about members' feelings and by Ron Moss of the Black Country Society the repair of a gantry crane in Surrey, the work on many aspects of the work of the Associa- lA Group The weekend whrch followed con- of the Lancaster University Archaeological Unit tion. In particular, the nature of the annual sisted of a lively rntx of talks introducing the at Snailbeach lead mines and Backbarrow conferences was discussed and it was felt by rndustrial archaeoiogy of the region, ot mem- Furnace, the m nes of Rio Tinto, and the the great majority that these were always useful bers' contributions of site v sits, of official AIA enhancement of a regional Sites and Monu- and enjoyable events which provided precisely business, and time to socialise and discuss ments Record with respect to industrial the service they required informally The first of the lectures about the archaeology The Welsh, Scottish and English After the AGM, the conference was rounded region was given by John Crompton, and Royal Commissions aiso gave presentations, off by the Rolt Memorial Lecture, given this year introduced the industry of the region as a outlrning the work they were currently doing in by the emrnent historian of the iron and steel whole Further lectures were given on Saturday recording buildrngs, sites and vanishing indus- industries, Keith Gale Delegates dispersed after lunch, with the tempting option of a special guided tour of the Black Country Museum before the journey home The 1992 conference is to be held at Cirences- ter on 11-13 September, and should prove equally stimulating and enjoyable Details were enclosed with the last mailinq

Blackbarrow lronworks, see page 4 Blackbarrow Furnace from the north west, with the sites of ovens and water wheel Photo: Lancastet University Archaeological Unit EXPTORING THE IRON DISTRICT

Before the AIA's 1991 conference at Dudley, a busy four-day programme was hosted by the Black Country Society lA Group and the Black Country Museum to explore the West Midlands lron District The numbers were unprecedented and the organisers had to supply two coaches and devise a complicated relay system for the visrts These included more factory visits than we have ever enjoyed before and, in an area where transport was crucial in the development of Industry, the use of railways and canals as well as the more conventional coach On the Monday evening, delegates were introduced to 'lndustry and work in Birmingham during the industrial revolution' by Dr Eric Hookrns of the Deoartment ot Economic History, University of Birmingham, He made it clear that the small workshop was characteris- The former Clyno Motor Works at Bushbury, Wolverhampton, built in 1925. lt covered an area of four acres, tic of Birmingham and the Black Country before with a vast single-storey expanse ol north light sheds. The company failed in 1929 Photo: Marilyn Palmer and PeIer Neaverson and after the industrial revolution, a pheno- menon delegates were able to observe during followed by visits to two lock works, where the and wrought iron being rolled under the the following week The planned Tuesday and intrrcacies of levers, wards and mortices were supervision of our Rolt Memorial lecturer, Keith Wednesday visits had to be duplicated on both explained amidst the racket of mass produc- Gale, delegates had plenty to amuse them until days as factories were understandably unwilling tion Lunch was taken at the entertainingly the evening s activities began Two canal to accept parties of ninety people One group named pub, the Brewer's Droop The lock boats, operated by the Dudley Canal Trust, concentrated on chain making and glass theme was continued in the afternoon with a went through the new tunnels constructed in .l9Bg manufacture, while the other studied locks and visit to the imposing former Chubb Lock 1984 and into the Singing Cavern, a leather manufacture Factory of 1899 in the centre of Wolverhampton disused limestone mine Here, Black Country The first group began their day under the (photo: page B) This was in the process of food and entertainment were provided, but the able guidance of Ron Moss and Peter Giews at conversion to the Lighthouse Arts and Media large numbers precluded any clog dancing the Mushroom Green chainshoo. where dele- Centre, retaining most of the original structure However, footwork was in evidence on the gates were later able to see chain being forged with a new theatre building added Nearby, the return trip when the boats were legged through by hand The hamlet, although much altered, former carriage drive entrance to the original the tunnel by various AIA volunteers The retains many features of the close-knit squatter High Level station stands isolated. The former organisers are to be congratulated on providing settlements which surrounded the Black Coun- Great Western Low Level station of 1855 is in a such an enjoyable and unusual entertatnment try chainshops The party was then divided to sorry state but the railway enthusiasts viewed On Thursday, the Black Country was deser- visit three active chain works, two concentrating some remaining duel broad/standard gauge ted for the more rural parts of Worcestershire on the manufacture of heavy cable chains and track The emphasis then changed to road Deiegates first visited the Churchill Forge, one on lighter machine-made chain where transport, where Paul Collins' expert knowledge where a private trust are restoring a blade mill .1970 women operatives are still employed, Lunch of twentieth-century car factories came into its which was in operation until The next was taken at the Beacon Hotel in Sedgley, own Visits were made to the former works of stop was Kadderminster, where Brinton's large which maintarns its own small brewery, produc- Henry Meadows, Clyno Engineering, Villiers, carpet making complex was visited, although

rnnii g vvvy'v,Spdnlpv Sr rrnnqp Bitter and the better and the Star and Sunbeam Motor Car Com- the numbers made a factory tour impossible known (and stronger!) Sarah Hughes Dark panres The most impressive building in the complex is Ruby Mild These were seen in production, On the Wednesday evening, both groups the four-storey Slingfield Mill of 1864 in polych- sampled from the wood and supplies ordered converged on the Black Country Museum rome brickwork Lunch was taken on the banks for delivery to the Polytechnic for those unlucky which was kept open specially and were of the Severn at Stourport, where a tour was enougl^ to miss the visit During the afternoon, grateful to the staff who remained at their made of the basins at the terminus of the several briet calls were made by a somewhat posts With the Newcomen engine in steam Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Our subdued group At Harrison and Pearson s refractory brick works, they were able to see therr ornate otlice block and to photograph the part-demolished rectangular and round kilns A prlgrimage was made to Foster and Rastricks New Foundry in Stourbridge, from which the Stourbridge Lion and Agenoria locomotives emerged to serve in America and on the local Kingswinford Railway respectively The latter terminated at the Ashwood Basin on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, which could accommodate 68 narrowboats at once to load coal from the Earl of Dudley's mines Also at Krngswrnford is the Broadfield House Museum, which displays the most elegant of Black Country products, various types of table glass, old and modern The other group were, meanwhile, visiting Walsall, Willenhall and Wolverhampton with Paul Collins and Howard Wootton as guides Once again the coach-load had to be divided, this lrme into four groups to visit various curriers, saddlers and leather goods manufacturers The Smith & Pepper workshop in the Jewellery Quarter Discovery Centre, Birmingham 2 where hand work is still pre-eminent. This was Photo: Maillvn Palmet and Petet Neaverson third form ot lransport came with the journey The 1892 pumprng station at Brasshouse Bridge, from Bewdley Bridgnorth on the Severn to complete with new Valley Railway, where we lound, to the delight chimney, returning water to of the rail buffs F/ying Scotsman, Aig of Truro the 473 feet Smeaton Old Leander and other locomotives The final visit Line oJ the Birmingham Canal Navigation ol the day was to Bratch Locks with tsrindley's polygonal lock house ot i772 A f leeting Plloto: Amber Patilck glimpse was possible of the two triple-expan- sion engines still resting in the Byzantine-style former Bilston UDC Waterworks nearby These engines begun by James Watt and Company, were completed by Thornewill and Wareham of Burton on Trent, after the former went bankrupt in 1895 The evening's lecture sublect remained with the Severn, when Peter Wakelin analysed the trade patterns on the river through the medium of the Port Books This was followed by a selection ol video recordings of the Black Country at work shown by Kelvin Lake and Peter Eggleston of lA Recordings Birmingham was the venue for the final day of the pre-conference programme, beginning with a guided tour of the new Jewellcry Discovery Centre with its lascinating time capsule workshops adjacent The results ol the face-lift of the burldings and the introduction of new retail and wholesale trade in the Jewellery Quarter were then inspected under the leader- ship of a City Gurde Many of the old workshops still remain in use behind the more elegant facades Delegates then boarded Brummagem Boats for a trip to Smethwick via the lcknield Port loop and Telford's New Cut Disembarking at the New Pump House of 1892, some members walked up to the splendid 1829 Galton Bridge by Telford Restoration of the pump house by Sandwell Borough has rnclu- ded the building of a complete new chimney stack By contrast, delegates next walked to visit, this time to the Soho Foundry which is the Black Country in metal wares and leather the excavated site of the original 1779 Smeth- now in the possession of an equally well-known manufacture Although vast changes have wick Engine, now covered by a roof This was Birmingham firm Avery's Inside the elaborate taken place in the landscape and few pre-1900 the orrginal site of the engine subsequently portico are several cottages built for Murdoch buildings survive, the craft skills are still in seen in the Birmingham Science Museum, the and other foundry workers in about 1800 evidence Members will also value the Con- oldest working Watt engine in the world Delegates returned to the Dudley campus, ference Gurde on the West Midlands lron Working, but for how long? The Keeper, Jim ready for the Conference proper, with an District which has achieved the almost imoos- Andrew, started the engine tor delegates but enthusiasm for the Black Country whetted by sible in covering a complex area Readers will explained the Health and Salety problems an excellent series of visits Their thanks are appreciate the clear maps drawn by Brian concerning possible incidence ol Legionnaire's due to John Crompton, Ron Moss, Peter Malaws, and the editor and authors are to be disease due to the temperature reached by the Glews, and other members of the Black congratulated water oumped for demonstration How did our Country Societv for coping valiantly with such a Marilyn Palmer and Peter Neaverson engrne men survive in the past? The Watt large number of people The factory visits gave connection was maintained with a briel final an lnsight into the contanuing pre-eminence of

Conferring on the Euphrates Packet, on Telford,s new line of the Birminqham Navigation Wordsley Locks and glass cone, visited during the Photo: Amber Patnck main Black Coutry Conference Photo: Peter Wakelin 3 BACKBAHROW IRONWORKS, CUMBRIA Ground Plan of Furrnce Area DEPTFORO DEMOLISHED The world's first central power station has finally been demolished The remaining arches of Sebastian de Ferranti's Deptford Power Station of 1889 has been cleared along with most of the post World War ll Deptford East Power Station Explosives are being used and there has been concern amongst local resi- dents who have {eared IRA bombs At the time of writing the Deptford East chimney still has to come down Some of the pumos in the basement of Deotford East Power Station were claimed to have come second hand from the PLUTO (Prpe Line Under the Ocean) project. lnformation will be gratefully received The original Ferranti station supplied central London at 10,000 volts AC, 83 3 Hz-the frequency decided on was 5,000 cycles per $ minute A reasonably good view of the Ferranti 0 2m a Casting Area .\tttttt_ arches, set in the south wall of the 1950s East Power Station building and parnted red, could be obtained by looking through the gate on the north side of Stowage SEB There used to be a -) substantial model of the 1BB9 Deotford Power the historic industrial village ol Elsecar and include several iron working sites, the cotton Station in the Science Museum, South Kensing- repair of the Scheduled engine lt is hoped to and 'blue' mills at Backbarrow, the gunpowder ton which gave a good idea of Fenanti's attract a quarter of a million visitors in 1997 works at Lowwood, Stott Park Bobbin Mill (run onginal arrangements Elsecar was a coal and iron commur-tity as a museum by English Heritage) and, in the Robeft Carr developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth woodlands around the valley, many examples centuries by the tourth, fifth and sixth Earls of charcoal burning platforms, potash pits and DEVELOPMENTS AT CROMFORD Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse The iron- bark peelers' huts All of the industries repre- A Derelict Land Grant from the DoE has works opened in the 1740s and the workshops sented by these remains made use of the recently been announced for work to remove date from 1850 The latter were built as a abundant natural resources of the area; for the f inal traces of the paint works which central establishment for all of the Fitzwilliams' example water provided a power source, the occupied Cromford Mill, and this news has coalmining, ironmaking and engineering woodlands orovided wood, bark and charcoal, been Jollowed by a decision to fund repairs to enterprises They included an ironworks, rail- and there were rich iron ore reserves in nearby the five-storey mill beside the road on the site way, blacksmiths' shop, joiners' shop, experi- Low Furness In addition, the river valley was a This has been described by the Arkwright mental tar distillery, saw mill, timber store, natural and ancient trade and transport route Society as 'the end of the beginning' of their machine shop, waggon shop, granary, and the The Lakeside Railway, running through Back- long prolect to conserve Cromford Mill The famous Newcomen beam engine which dates barrow, is a living monument to this aspect of Socrety bought the site back in 1979, and it has from 1795 the valley's heritage been regarded as one of the world's key sites British Coal took over the workshops at the The history of the Backbarrow ironworks itself of industnal history, having been the most time of natronalisation in 1947, and the majority is known in outline only, although there is a rmportant birthplace of the modern factory of the buildings were listed in 1986 Barnsley wealth of documentary evidence for the site The first part of the proJect was the Metropolitan Borough Council acquired the site the study of which would do much to illuminate clearance of the modern factory buildings to in 19BB and the dream held by so many to it The extensive remains on the site represent provrde proper access, and to allow the start of conserve and realise the potential of the several phases of operation within that history, restoration work and the first pubic viewing. industrial heritage of the area is now beirrg put and their national importance is recognised in The strategy has been to repair buildings into action their status as a Scheduled Ancient Monument around the periphery of the site and rent them, In August 1991 Lancaster University Archaeo- and thrs now generates important income for BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL AWARDS logical Unit canied out a short recording and the Society Museum spaces have also been Don't forget it is still not too late to enter for assessment programme at the request of created and opened to the public The Derelict any of the ten biennial British Archaeological English Heritage As a result, the remains on Land Grant provides for the removal of the Awards, the most prestigious in British the site have been fully identified and the extent remaining plant associated with the colour archaeology Details were given in the last of available documentary evidence assessed works which disfigures part of the central area, issue of Ihe Bulletin The closing date for The furnace and adjoining structures at the The five-storey round-ended warehouse entries is 30 June 1992 For entry forms, write centre of the site have also been recorded in which dominates the roadside view of the site to Mr John Gorton, 56 Penn Road, Beacons- the form of a ground plan and stone-by-stone is now the focus of attention Damp and dry-rot field, Bucks HP9 2LS drawing ol the main elevations Although have been cured with grant aid from Derbyshire archaeological analysis of these structures was County Council and English Heritage, together BACKBARROW IRONWORKS not part of the project brief, it is clear from this wrth the help of a loan from the Peak Park The Backbarrow lronworks lies within the Lake initial examination, and from available early Trust Of all the buildings on the site, only the District National Park, just beyond the south photographs and maps, that the physical frrst mill, perhaps the most important of them end of Lake Windermere (SD 3555 8470) The remains of the Backbarrow lronworks incor- all remains to be conserved lt is hoped that first blast furnace in the Lake Counties was porate fragments of many phases and their work will start on that later this vear built here in 1711 and, after a long and study would aid considerably in the unravelling successful history, was the last British furnace of its history The site has considerable ELSECAR PROJECT to convert from charcoal fuel to coke, doing so potential as a focus for the study and The Elsecar collrery and ironworking work- as late as the 1920s The site finally closed tn interpretation of the industrial heritage of the shops together with their famous Newcomen the 1960s, since when it has stood dereltct and Lake District engine, are at the centre of a major new tourist decayrng Michael Trueman attraction planned in the Barnsley and Dearne The Leven valley, within which Backbarrow Lancaster U niveoity Archaeological Unit Valley region The workshops cover a five acre lies, is an area rich in the remains of its site and are being converted to an industrial industrial past Dating from medieval times 4 theme park in conjunction with restoration of through to the twentieth century, these rematns SMALLSIIITH'S DIARY with him), to send him our suppottive good wishes and out expectation 9 April that lA will be up there high on his agenda with opera, fine art, and certain Today is the General Election, and to while away the time in the evening West London football teams. However, Mrs Dobbin, showing the strength betore the resu/ts came through, Bolt invited us all to his charming of charactet tor which she is renowned, disagreed vehemently, arguing lock-keeper's cottage to drink his malt whiskey and play a board game that you couldn't trust anyone who was 'so slimy and unpleasant in of his own inventing. Rather like Monopoly it involves buying sets of appearance', and the writing of the letter was postponed until teelings industrial sites and aftefacts-ironworks, cotton spinning machines, cooled. My wife then added to the mood of ilLtemper by suggesting that limekilns and so on-with 'Chance' cards ranging from a E500 the election of another Tory government was excellent for IA whether or not Dorothea Restoration prize to a fine of 8200 for trcpping a visiting the new Heritage Minister took an interest, as it would mean a lot more school child in your working steam engine (although Mrs Dobbin was factories, pits and railways closing down for us to record and preserue. I heard to mutter that a t200 bonus would be more appropriate in that rcally must take her to task for tDls most unpleasant streak of cynicism in instance). Bolt had a/so devised a fiendish set of dice configurations her character. which decided when and how well you could restore yout lA structures, 29 Aoril but which provoked argument among the players; although somehow, A red letter day with the arrival (at long last!) of the national /A soclely's whichever way the dice landed, Bolt seemed to do very well for himselt. bulletin. There are tew pleasures as great as reading lA news over toast ln particular, and unlike the rest of us, he always missed the square and marmalade, although my ,Jear wife looked /ess than pleased when I which said 'Go to canal restoration scheme', from which you could then banged my fist on the table in frustration at the fact that still no local group only escape by either throwing a double or paying a 8100 forteit. Like seems to wish to be profiled in the 'Local Sociefles Spot', and hit the the best lA restoration products-Blists Hil/'s Severn Trow comes to marmalade spoon. Still, some good came of it, for as I was cleaning the mind-Bolt's game seemed as if it would never be finished, although by marmalade oft the bookshelves I came across the remarkable Mrs D's the time we wete on to his second bottle of whiskey, no-one seemed to plumb line, which everyone thought I had lost at last year's surveying mind, and there was much giggling when we discovered that it was 5 weekend at the bell-pits. /t was behind 'The Making ol the lndustrial am and we'd missed almost all of the election results. Landscape', so ll was strange it had not been discovered in all this time. 12 April Anyway, to return to the bulletin, it turns out that the editor has been ill, We have iust spent a trying evening with our good friends Bolt, Neill hence the delay-poor chap, he no doubt picked up a chill out on one of and the remarkable Mrs D at ou favouilte pub, the aptly-named 'King his many archaeological projects. This led to lively debate tonight when and Furnace Keeper'. Talk quickly turned to the election result. Neill Bolt, Neiil and Mrs D popped round for a chat. I was rather shocked to was most pleased with it all, predicting a bright future lor lA, museums hear Bolt launch into a tirade about how i//ness was no excuse, and how it and most th,ngs as they were lorced to rcspond to the exciting cut and wouldn't have troubled the grcat pioneers and inventors, who were too thrust of market forces. My dear wife whispered to me, rather cynically I busy pioneering and inventing to be ill. lt was, he said (rather heatedly by thought, that Neill was really looking forward to another five years in now), a sign of the malaise of modern society. At this Neill in an ill- advised which the quality of your image counted more than that of your content. way, roared with laughteL slapped Bolt on the back, and told him what a But both Neill and Bolt were rampant, and particularly excited by the punning wit he was. Fot a few tense moments, it seemed as if Bolt would appointment of a Ministet of National Heritage. lndeed they proposed hit Neill, until my dear wife stepped in and saved the situation by teiling the writing to the said Minister on behalf ol our Buttockbarn lA Group and group about the marmalade incident, and to my great discomfoft, all the using our new marbled notepaper (which Neill iust happened to have laughtet turned on me.

'This is fun'

Drawing by Susan lsaac

WORK GOES ON AT WET EARTH Both of the new tunnels were initially At present, the newly discovered areas are A small team of dedicated enthusiasts have submerged but on de-watering, the southern basically restricted to physically fit dry-suit been exploring for some years the tunnel portal allowed access to a chamber which owners, but the journey is well worth it for system at Wet Earth Colliery, Clifton, Manches- intersected a coal seam: the team's first trace fanatical mine enthusiasts For the benefit of ter, which they believed linked the colliery's of actual coal workings, and surprisingly gas the less fit and well equipped, the exploration wheel chamber to the lruvell In November their free Passages ran out from the chamber to team hopes to film the trip in order that hard work and dedication was rewarded when connect with varrous shafts and conduits, all of everyone can enjoy the experience the link was finally made which are below what is termed the central Mark Wright and Alan Davies, from the This proved the existence of a tailrace and collrery area This gives an extremely complica- Sallord Mining Museum, are the exploration enabled them to date certaln of the tunnels to ted route plan which indicates that the later team leaders and they are willing to take the period when James Brindley had been on (mid eighteenth-century) miners connected to people through the tunnel system and/or site. Locating the tailrace should have been the early workings, possibly accidentally provide them with informatron relating to the culmination of their work, but amazingly, whilst The second tunnel may well prove to have site Mark, who wrote a report on which this excavating the final 60 yards of passage, they been an earlier inefficient system, seeming item has been based, can be contacted at 5 uncovered a sub-system of tunnels leading to hardly large enough to cope with the known Wilton Street, Heaton Park, Prestwich, Man- either side of the wheel chamber volume of water that had to be discharged chester [/25 5JB Edwina Alcock " Moreland Street opened about 1950 YORKSHIRE AND HUMBERSIDE At the south east end of lhe street the Banks Carlton Mill chimney, one of the few remaining and Taylor's public house, the King's Arms of in Sowerby Bridge, is to be repaared and NORTH.WEST ENGI.AND .1901, has been closed and demolished Such restored The mill, boiler house and chimney The Bolton Steam Museum, which was establ- buildings in London are not usually at risk and were built in the mid nineteenth century as part ished in 1983 by the No(hern Mill Engine this architecturally presentable Victorian edifice of a complex of textile mills, and have been Society. has closed for total redevelopment seemed ripe for adaotive re-use even if preserved to represent the final stage of mill over two or three years The museum displays licensed premises were no longer required on develooment in this area But the number of the Socrety's collection of lully-restored textile the site Founded in 1981, Banks and Taylor of_ industrial chimneys continues to decline; for industry steam engrnes and is housed in one of Shefford in Bedfordshire were one of the most example the 150 year old chimney of Tan the engrne houses at Atlas N/ills Following a successful of the new small brewers, and four House Mills, Hipperholme, Halifax, is to be Public Inqurry, the site is being cleared for a or five years ago by leasing public houses had demolished The mills were the tannery of new l\4orrison's supermarket built up a network of twelve pubs, seven ol James Lee and Sons until they closed in the Morrison s are providing very substantial them in London-the largest number of any 1950s, and the site has been cleared after fire f inancial assistance for relocatron and are new brewer Their first London pub, the Lord damage In Sheffield, the firm of W E Harrison refurbishing one of the original cotton stores on Rodneys Head in Whitechapel Road E1, was (Steeplejacks) Ltd has gone into liquidation the site to provide new premises In spite of the leased from London Transport The brewery because of lack of work caused by the inevitable disruption and the dismantling of 25 had an output of about sixty barrels a week but recession and the decline of the factory years of work. the Society naturally welcomes .1854 just lately they do not seem to have been chimney lt was founded in and had been this support f rom the private sector and is doing so well based at Regent Terrace since 1883 In 1896, currently preparing a detailed DevelopmenI lmmediately next door to the pub site, to the Teddy Harrison was the first steeplejack to Plan for the much-enlarged premises An east, Finsbury Distillery has its ground floor climb Nelson's Column in London, using 18 feet appeal will De made for complete inteilor orifices blocked up, with breeze blocks filling ladders lashed together because spikes were refurbishment and fitting-out, and it is hoped the front entrance Again, fresh development not allowed, and since then the firm has called the museum can open again in late 1994 The may be expected Of late Finsbury Distillery itself 'of Nelson's Column fame' Society has two items it will be unable to produced not gin but Stone's ginger wine by a The engine house from Ashley Mills, Ashley accommodate, and alternative homes are process essentially similar to home wine Lane. Saltaire, is to be moved and re-erected being sought (see Noticeboard opposite) making but on a commercial scale Industrial nearby for light industry, as it is In the path of a Work is in hand on the East Lancashire archaeologists paid memorable visits here new link road to Salt's Mill Railway to provide more tradrtional station when ginger wine production was still in At Aiskew near Bedale in North Yorkshire, buildings and improve passenger facilities progress the Leech House, used to store and possibly Trains operate from Bury Bolton Street station, The dignified and impressive Brunel family breed leaches for sale to apothecaries, has which rs a 1950s BR re-build The line was built tomb in Kensal Green cemetery has recently been privately restored Watershed Mill, an old in 1846 from Clifton Junction to Bury, Ramsbot- been cleaned for the inclusion of the ashes of cotton mill in Settle, North Yorkshire, has been tom and RaMenstall, and was used by coal the great-great-granddaughter of Sir Mark turned into a business centre which also sells trains until 1980 lsambard Brunel At Rotherhithe, where Sir local arts and crafts The East Lancashire Railway Preservation Mark commenced construction of the famous In Barnsley the last complete linen mill, Society was formed in 1968 to try to save the Thames Tunnel in the mid 1820s, the Brunel Hope Works, is empty and threatened with Stubbings-Accrington line, and it set up the engine house chimney is to be reconstructed demolition, while the modest buildings of Bury Transport Museum n 1972. collecting to resemble its appearance in 1843, adding Exchange Station, built in 1871 by the Lancash- steam locomotives and other vehicles and another 30 feet to the existing brick base, Bob ire and Yorkshire Railway, were demolished tn providing short steam rides with a break van Barnes and Nicholas de Salis of the Brunel January Tlte conversion of Priory Mill, the With the assrstance of Greatcr Manchester Project featured in one of the BBC Radio Four former monastic corn mill at Monk Bretton, Council, the line was purchased from BR and programmes Science Now The programme, Barnsley, to a pub called Ihe Mill of the Black permrssion to begrn restoration from Bury to broadcast twice in mid March, has given useful Monks, has won the only conservation award Rarnsbottom secured with the help of Derelict publicity to the exhibition in the engine house given by the Campaign for Beal Ale this year Land Grants from the DoE Services were which is open in the afternoon on the f irst British Steel's last coking plant in South re-opered to Ramsbottom in 1987 With help Sunday of each month Yorkshire, the Orgreave Works which became from the local authorities, trains began to run Sarson's vinegar works in Southwark closed notorious during the miners' strike, closed in through to Rawtenstall in 1991, a,rd over in December Present plans are for a sympath- August 199.1 anC is being demolished 200 000 passengers have now been canied etic housing and office development The 150th anniversary of Stocksbridge Steel- There are seven operatronal steam locomo- The main train shed of Liverpool Street main works, north of Sheffield, is being celebrated tives line railway station in the City of London, which with a week of events beginning on 13 June, Edwina Alcock opened in 1874, has recently been extended and the publication of a book later in the year southwards in a grand and excellent pastiche Stocksbridge is unusual among steel works GREATER LONDON manner Approaching the station now one because Samuel Fox established it to produce At the west end of Moreland Street EC1, almost wonders if this is an art gallery-shades wire for the textile industry, soon followed by Gordon's Gin have moved out of their distillery of Gare D'Orsay Paris? The new train service to umbrella frames and crinoline wire, and only whrch rs now empty and awaiting lresh uses Stanstead Airport operates kom Liverpool later moved into steelmaking Some 1860s and The still room itself stretched along the north Street '70s buildings from the earlier phase survive srde of the street and was almosl on the scale East Croydon station building was subslan- Now it makes special engineering steels for of a power station lt was the largest gin tial, with a lantern roof booking hall of 1897, aerospace. cars and similar uses distillery rn the world and there were facilities for the Post Office to Derek Bayliss Alcohol came by road tanker lrom Wands- the east of the railway The LB&SCR booking worth to Gordon s where flavouring was added facilities on a bridge over the railway tracks lu.lrper bernes drred orange peel. coriander have gone to make way for a structure more in seeds and aromatic herbs, and the mixture was keeping with present surroundings no Liver- re-distilled De-mineralised water was added to - pool Street treatment here The new style is produce a drink with the correct prool spirit and probably not unconnected with Croydon's bottling vvas carried out at Basildon Gin recent bid for city status We still await the requires no maturation and may be drunk coming of the trams rmmediately The founder of the Iirm, Mr Robeft Carr Alexander Gordon, Irom Scotland, established his distillery jn 1769 in Groswell Road, a few hundred yards from the present site These original premises were destroyed by bombing 6In 1941 and the distillerv on the corner of associated with many significant developments in the recording of industrial monuments Very appropriately, he was the Rolt Memorial Lec- ARCHIVAL ASSISTANCE PROFESSOR ANGUS BUCHANAN turer at the Association's Bath Conference, John Fletcher has written to say that he is Professor Angus Buchanan was elected as a when he introduced us to a theme which he available at reasonable rates to undertake Vice-President of the AIA at its Annual General has since pursued much f urther, the later documentary searches He is willing to search Meeting last year. The following profile of his nineteenth-century engineers local newspapers, periodicals, documentary work in industrial archaeology has been Throughout this long association with indus- classes at the Public Record Office and other written by the President, David Alderton, with trial archaeology, Angus has been on the staff items as available, to your requirements, He additional information f rom Professor of the University of Bath, where he is now can be contacted at 4 North Road, Petersfield, Buchanan. A profile of John Hume, who was Professor in the History of Technology and Hampshire, GU32 2AX C 0730 63269 also elected as an Honorcry Vice-President, Director the Centre for the Htstory of will appear in the next issue. of Technology I have already mentioned his VACANCY WITH DOROTHEA For me and for very many industrial archaeolo- Pelican book, lndustrial Archaeology in Britain, Dorothea Restorations Ltd are advertising for a gists, Angus Buchanan's famous Pelican book, first edition 1972, revised edition 1982, though new Contracts Manager They seek a conser- lndustrial Archaeology in Britain, was our first now sadly out of print He also contributed to vation minded entrepreneur to develop and introduction to industrial archaeology as a the David and Charles industrial archaeology manage their London-based operations A serious study However, before this he had series by writing with Neil Cossons The BTec, HND or degree and minimum of five already, with Neil Cossons, set up at the Bristol lndustrial Archaeology of the Bristol Region years relevant experience are essential A good Folk House the adult class in industrial (1969), and with George Watkins he wrote the salary and benefits package are paid by archaeology which became BIAS (the Bristol lA last of the Longmans/Allen Lane industrial negotiation lf you are interested, it would be Society), of which he was first chairman He archaeology series, The Stationary Steam wise to telephone to check whether the post as then initiated the series of very successful Engine (1976) With his brother, Sandy, he still open g 0272 715337 A full cv should then annual Bath Conferences, which brought contributed to the Batslord industrial archaeo- be sent to Mr G Wallis, Dorothea Restorations together interested people from all over the logy series with lhe lndustrial Archaeology of Ltd, Unit 6, St Annes Road, St Annes Park, country Inevitably, the formation o{ a national Central Southern England (1980), and with Bristol BS4 4ED society was discussed, and this became reality Michael Williams he wrote on Brunel's Bristol at the lsle of Man Conference in 1973 with the (1982) More recently, he has written Ihe TEXTILE MACHINERY establishment of the AIA On the sad death of Engineers: a history of the engineering profes- The Bolton Steam Museums is seeking homes Tom Rolt, the lrrst President, in 1974, Angus sion in Britain, 1750-1974 (1989) His latest for two pieces of equipment it is unable to took over and steered the Association through book, Ihe Power of the Machine, wll be accommodate in its new premises (see its formative years He has subsequently published by Viking this summer Regional News opposite) These are a 1926 served as President of the Newcomen Society With this record of contribution to the cause Asa Lees condenser spinning mule with (1981-3), and since 1981 as Secretary General of industrial archaeology behind him, it was a approximately fifty spindles, and a high-speed of the International Committee for the History of great pleasure for me to propose Angus as an enclosed compound steam engine by Ashworth Technology Since 1974 he has maintained a Honorary Vice-President of the Association He and Parker which has 5 inch and B inch watching brief for industrial archaeology on the has always been ready to advise and assist the cylinders For further information, contact John Properties Committee of the National Trust, and AIA in ways great and small, as when he led a Phillip, 84 Watkin Road, Clayton-le-Woods, he is currently coming to the end ot a 14-yea( guided tour of the Bristol Docks for last year's Chorley PR6 7PX g 0257 265003 (after 6 30 stint as a Commissioner with the Royal Avon Field Week, and we trust that this pm) Commission on the Historical Monuments of co-operation will continue lor many years England, in which capacity he has been David Alderton STEAM MUSEUM AT CANTERBURY The Steam Museum, at Preston, Canterbury, is Professor Angus Buchanan, our new The searching for very early steam engines Honorary Vice-President Museum has been established to present the history of steam power from Ancient Greece to the late twentieth century and all kinds of applications, including industry, transport, agrr- culture, public services and recreation lt is anticipated that it will be difficult to fill important gaps in the available exhibits, especially in the period from the late seventeenth to the early nineteenth centuries Anyone able to suggest potential sources of material, either original machines or models, which would help to illustrate the development of non-paston pumps and later piston, atmospheric or pressure engines should contact M List Brain, The Steam Museum, Preston, Canterbury, Kent CT3 1DN ? 0227 722502

New AIA Council member, Bill Firth, elected at the Dudley AGM, as reported in the last Bulletin which should also have included the above photograph! 17-18 June 1992 PROSPECTS AND PRIORITIES FOR THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE a course considering ways of safeguarding and extending the recognition achieved by industrial harit.no 2t qt mmorloo H^r,+-^^ Tr',.1 IrLrrrqgl rEl ltdgE ||uJl ^^.twuoL- brrdge near Glasgow Details Jrom The Short Course Adminrstrator, The lronbridge Institute, lronbridge Gorge Museum, lronbridge, Telford, Shropshlre TF8 7AW g 0952 432751 27-28 June 1992 NAMHO FIELD MEET organised by the National Association of lVining rl story Organrsations and hosted by the Shropshire Cavrng and Mining Club at lron- bridge The meet will include workshop ses- s'ons on recording technrques, seminars on surface preservation, field trips on the surface and underground, and a social Details from Adrian Pearce, 72 Hopkins Heath, Shawbirch, Telford, Shropshire TFS OLZ O 0952 253310 17-24 July 1992 The Dudley Conference: exploring the lron District (see page 2-3) The former Chubb works in Wolverhampton, ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION built in.|899, during conversion to a media and arts centre Photo: Matilyn Palmer and Peter Neaversot SUMMER SCHOOL at West Dean College, Chichester Details from lerence in Cheltenham with sessions concer- 24 November 1992 Philippa Thompson ICC Meetings and Events, ned with burldings. landscapes. arlefacts and ARCHAEOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL 15 Greycoat Place, London SW1P lSB g 071 adaptive re-use Details from the Editors, BUILDINGS: PJJRPOSE AND TECHNIOUES for 233 3766 Industrial Archaeology Review, Department of a course at lronbridge Details available as 7.ll August 1992 History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 1 7 June SUBTERRANEA BRITANNICA 7RH lO-12 September 1993 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ll.l3 September 1992 AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE FOR 1993 at Bath The conference will include many visrts AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE FOR 1992 at Amblesrde Cumbria, with an additional .r a;/^^^^.r^r . T nnforonno nrn- programme 12-14 Details and discussions especrally on the theme of dr vil Er ruEorsr I '^/ithvvru I o ^^etPUo. rvu pr v B-10 and September secondary use of underground space Details gramme untrl 16 September Details were will be mailed to members in due course Information tor the diary should be sent to the Editor avarlable from Beamon, Morton enclosed with the last Bulletin Sylvia P 2 as soon as it is available Dates of mailing and last Street Royston Herts SG8 7M g 0763 13.18 September 1992 dates lor receipt oJ copy are given below ltems will 242120 TICCIH Madrid normally appear in successive issues up to the date 12.19 August 1992 the Eighth International Conference on the of the event MINI MILL SYMPOSIUM, EASTERN USA Conservation of the Industrial Heritage, in organ sed by the Internatronal Molinologrcal Madrid Details from the Secretary of the Socrety and vrsrting Long lsland, New York and Congress, Fundacion de los Ferrocarriles Cape Cod Detarls from Owen Ward. 77 Espanoles, Direccion de Programas, Santa Hansford Square Bath BA2 5LJ g 0225 lsabel 44, 28012 MADRID, Spain AIABulletin 832529 l3-17 September 1992 lssN 0309-0051 16.21 August 1992 SYMPOSIUM ON THE CATALAN FORGE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF at Ripoll, Catalonia, Spain Among the direct TECHNOLOGY ANNUAL CONFERENCE processes for obtaining iron prior to the Editor: Peter Wakelin at the Uppsala, Sweden Details from Uppsala ubiquitous use of the blast furnace, the Catalan Designer: John Stengelhofen Tr',st E Korgress. SHOT. S t Persgatan 4. Process had an outstandrng place. especrally Edited trom the School ol Humanities and Cultural S-753 20 Uppsala, Sweden Proposals for rn the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries Details Studies, Wolvehampton Polytechnic, Castle View, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1 3HR, and published by papers sent Profess Hakon With are available from Dr Estanrslau Tomas Secre- can be to the Association for lndustrial Archaeology Contilbu' Andersen Center for Technology and Society, taria del Symposi, AMCT, Via Laietana 39, tions should be sent to the Editor at the above Unrversrty of Trondherm at Lade, N-7055 08003 Barcelona, Spain address Local news and press ,'eleases should be Dragvol Norway 16 October 1992 sent to the appropriate AIA Regional correspon- given NEW INITIATIVES IN PROTECTING THE dents, names and addresses lor whom are 24.26 August 1992 regularly on this page The editor may also be TRANSPORT HISTORY IN AND AROUND INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE contacted on 0222 465511 extension 269 ot 0222 LANCASHIRE a course at lronbridge on listing scheduling 377953 A fax is available on 0222 450859 a resrdentral coLrse at Lancaster Details from and other Drotective Drocedures Details avail- Final copy dales currently are as follows: 30 June for August mailing Derek Brumhead Laneside Road New able as for 17 June Gayton, 30 September for November mailing Mr s va Stockoort, SK12 4LU 2 November 1992 30 December for February mailing 8-9 September 1992 lN SITU OR lN SHOWCASE: FUTURE 30 March lor May mailing TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF GAS POLICIES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF The AIA was eslab/lshed in 1973 to promote the lndustial Archaeology and encourage PRODUCTION IN BRITAIN INDUSTRIAL ARTEFACTS study of improved standards ol recording, rcsearch, conser- an Internatronal conference at the N/useum of a course at the Science Museum London vation and publication. lt aims to asstst and support Scrence and Industry In lvlanchester Offers of Details available as for 17 June regional and specialist suNey and research groups papers should be submitted by 1 June thrs 20 November 1992 and bodies involved in the preseNation ol industrial monuments, to represent the lnterests of lndustilal year Detarls from Dr Alan Wilson, Museum of MARKETING MUSEUMS Archaeology at national level, to hold conlercnces Sc erce ano lrdLStry Lrverpoor Road. Man- a coLrse al lronbndge Detarls available as for and seminars and to publish the resu/ts of research chester M3 4JP 1 7 June Further details may be obtained frcm the Member- 1f Septembet 1992 2l November 1992 ship Secretary, Associatlon lor lndustilal Archaeo- logy, The Whariage, lronbildge, Telford, Shropshire, HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND GOTHIC TILES: MEDIEVAL AND MODERN TFB 7AW, England g 095243 3522 seminar the Britrsh Museum Details INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY a at The views expressed in this Bulietin are not a symposium preceding the AIA annual con- available as for 17 June necessarily those of the Association for Industrial

'q Association for Industrial Archaeology, June 1992 lwELVEHEADS PUBTISHING SERViCE, CONNWALT