ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 19 Number 2 1992 CONFERRING IN DUDLEY by Ron Moss on the Biack Country chain- trial processes Leisurely discussion conttnued makrng industry by Roger Dodsworth on glass late into the nrght in the Polytechnic bar The AlA s annual conference for 1991 at manufacturing rn the Stourbridge area, and by Some of the more formal events of the Dudley, was the best attended ever and one of Mike Glasson on the Walsall leather trades conference were a reception hosted by Dudley the most successful The nratn conference Informatrve and enjoyable excursions to local lvletropoliian Borough Council followed by an nrnn/2mmc ni 13-1\ SFnlember followed on sites were made on the Saturday afternoon excellent Conference Dinner and the annual from a pre-conference programme of visits and The conference divided into three parties, to AIA award presentations as reported in the last lectures introducing members to the locality ol visit Mushroom Green and the Cradley chain issue of the Bulletin The Annual Generai the conference, as described by Martlyn Palmer marrng distrrct. the Stuarl Crystal Glass Meeting ol the AIA was held on the Sunday and Peter Neaverson on page 2 The con- Museum, Wordsley Locks and Cobbs engine morning, at which the officers and Counctl of f erence was hosted by the Black Country house and the Walsall Leather Centre and the the Association were elected Two addittons to Society and the Black Country Museum and National Lock Museum at Wrllenhall Council were notified in the last Bulletin Iwo organised by John Crompton and Carol Whtt- Members' contnbutions sessions are always new Honorary Vice-Presidents were also elec- taker with assistance from Janet Graham John an enthusiastrcally supported element of con- ted: John Hume and Angus Buchanan In Fletcher and a posse of expert members of ference programmes grvrng members a commenting on Professor Buchanan s eiectton, the Black Country Society Accommodatton chance to learn about work others have been the President, David Alderton. remarked that he was at the Dudley Campus ot Wolverhampton doing or to test their own tdeas in front of an nad introduced many people to industrial Polytechn'c As we go to press this rs about to informed and interested audience The contri- archaeology with his penguin Although com- become The University of Wolverhampton but butions this year were rich and varied They pletely true and worthy of comment, thrs was a the change is not thought to be a drrect result rncluded short presentations on Beddingham remark which one anonymous member of the of the Assocratron s vrsit Shaft Lrme Krln underground archaeology, the Council visualised more zoologically than The marn conf ererrce began tn time tor skvscraoers of N/anhattan, town rubbish dis- literarily, even though he is a librarian A profile drnner on Friday 13 September, whtch was posal, Industrial archaeology on the Kenyan of Prolessor Buchanan is given below, and one lollowed by speeches of welco'ne by lan coast Black Country token coinage, the Wed- of John Hume will appear in the next edition A Walden, Drrector of the Black Country Museum, nesbury potteries, Lancashire mill architects, discussion was held about members' feelings and by Ron Moss of the Black Country Society the repair of a gantry crane in Surrey, the work on many aspects of the work of the Associa- lA Group The weekend whrch followed con- of the Lancaster University Archaeological Unit tion. In particular, the nature of the annual sisted of a lively rntx of talks introducing the at Snailbeach lead mines and Backbarrow conferences was discussed and it was felt by rndustrial archaeoiogy of the region, ot mem- Furnace, the m nes of Rio Tinto, and the the great majority that these were always useful bers' contributions of site v sits, of official AIA enhancement of a regional Sites and Monu- and enjoyable events which provided precisely business, and time to socialise and discuss ments Record with respect to industrial the service they required informally The first of the lectures about the archaeology The Welsh, Scottish and English After the AGM, the conference was rounded region was given by John Crompton, and Royal Commissions aiso gave presentations, off by the Rolt Memorial Lecture, given this year introduced the industry of the region as a outlrning the work they were currently doing in by the emrnent historian of the iron and steel whole Further lectures were given on Saturday recording buildrngs, sites and vanishing indus- industries, Keith Gale Delegates dispersed after lunch, with the tempting option of a special guided tour of the Black Country Museum before the journey home The 1992 conference is to be held at Cirences- ter on 11-13 September, and should prove equally stimulating and enjoyable Details were enclosed with the last mailinq Blackbarrow lronworks, see page 4 Blackbarrow Furnace from the north west, with the sites of ovens and water wheel Photo: Lancastet University Archaeological Unit EXPTORING THE IRON DISTRICT Before the AIA's 1991 conference at Dudley, a busy four-day programme was hosted by the Black Country Society lA Group and the Black Country Museum to explore the West Midlands lron District The numbers were unprecedented and the organisers had to supply two coaches and devise a complicated relay system for the visrts These included more factory visits than we have ever enjoyed before and, in an area where transport was crucial in the development of Industry, the use of railways and canals as well as the more conventional coach On the Monday evening, delegates were introduced to 'lndustry and work in Birmingham during the industrial revolution' by Dr Eric Hookrns of the Deoartment ot Economic History, University of Birmingham, He made it clear that the small workshop was characteris- The former Clyno Motor Works at Bushbury, Wolverhampton, built in 1925. lt covered an area of four acres, tic of Birmingham and the Black Country before with a vast single-storey expanse ol north light sheds. The company failed in 1929 Photo: Marilyn Palmer and PeIer Neaverson and after the industrial revolution, a pheno- menon delegates were able to observe during followed by visits to two lock works, where the and wrought iron being rolled under the the following week The planned Tuesday and intrrcacies of levers, wards and mortices were supervision of our Rolt Memorial lecturer, Keith Wednesday visits had to be duplicated on both explained amidst the racket of mass produc- Gale, delegates had plenty to amuse them until days as factories were understandably unwilling tion Lunch was taken at the entertainingly the evening s activities began Two canal to accept parties of ninety people One group named pub, the Brewer's Droop The lock boats, operated by the Dudley Canal Trust, concentrated on chain making and glass theme was continued in the afternoon with a went through the new tunnels constructed in .l9Bg manufacture, while the other studied locks and visit to the imposing former Chubb Lock 1984 and into the Singing Cavern, a leather manufacture Factory of 1899 in the centre of Wolverhampton disused limestone mine Here, Black Country The first group began their day under the (photo: page B) This was in the process of food and entertainment were provided, but the able guidance of Ron Moss and Peter Giews at conversion to the Lighthouse Arts and Media large numbers precluded any clog dancing the Mushroom Green chainshoo. where dele- Centre, retaining most of the original structure However, footwork was in evidence on the gates were later able to see chain being forged with a new theatre building added Nearby, the return trip when the boats were legged through by hand The hamlet, although much altered, former carriage drive entrance to the original the tunnel by various AIA volunteers The retains many features of the close-knit squatter High Level station stands isolated. The former organisers are to be congratulated on providing settlements which surrounded the Black Coun- Great Western Low Level station of 1855 is in a such an enjoyable and unusual entertatnment try chainshops The party was then divided to sorry state but the railway enthusiasts viewed On Thursday, the Black Country was deser- visit three active chain works, two concentrating some remaining duel broad/standard gauge ted for the more rural parts of Worcestershire on the manufacture of heavy cable chains and track The emphasis then changed to road Deiegates first visited the Churchill Forge, one on lighter machine-made chain where transport, where Paul Collins' expert knowledge where a private trust are restoring a blade mill .1970 women operatives are still employed, Lunch of twentieth-century car factories came into its which was in operation until The next was taken at the Beacon Hotel in Sedgley, own Visits were made to the former works of stop was Kadderminster, where Brinton's large which maintarns its own small brewery, produc- Henry Meadows, Clyno Engineering, Villiers, carpet making complex was visited, although rnnii g vvvy'v,Spdnlpv Sr rrnnqp Bitter and the better and the Star and Sunbeam Motor Car Com- the numbers made a factory tour impossible known (and stronger!) Sarah Hughes Dark panres The most impressive building in the complex is Ruby Mild These were seen in production, On the Wednesday evening, both groups the four-storey Slingfield Mill of 1864 in polych- sampled from the wood and supplies ordered converged on the Black Country Museum rome brickwork Lunch was taken on the banks for delivery to