Foa'*Ffiq% 2018 Contents

Goa: A Post-Colonial Society Between Cultures Edited by Rochelle Almeida foa'*ffiq% 2018 Contents Goa: A Post-Coloniøl Society Between Cultures Edited by Rochelle Almeida Published in 2018 by Acknowledgements 5 øoav+æg Kenneth David Jackson 7 Goa: Between Occident and Orient Goa,7556, Saligão 403511 Goa, lndia. http:/,/goa1556.in Rochelle Almeida 36 go a1 5 5 6 @ gmail. com + 9 1 - 83 2 - 2409 49 0 or + 9 1 - 9 B 2 2 1 2 243 6 in qssociation with Imaginary Goas: Diaspora Novelists Reclaim a Lost ColonY .2.¿¿¿ø *ean¿ (4 a Eøaen¿o<'t+ Robert S. Newman 53 Celluloid Subalterns The Mørgao (Rua Abade Faria) bookshop with a difference 109876s4s21 G. Festino 73 Typeset with L1X, http:,/,/www.lyx.org. Text: Palatino 9.5,t13 pt. Cielo Teaching Literature: In Between Multilingualism and Plurilingualism. The Case of Goa, India Victor Rangel Ribeiro 93 How Goan ldentity and India's Independence Put Britain in a Diplomatic Dilemma 103 Project co-ordinated by Frederick Noronha Paul Melo e Castro Cover design by Binø Nayak binanayak@ gmail'com Atitudes que o Vento Levou: The Stories of Eduardo de Printed ín India by Britliant Printers Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru http://www.brilliantprinters.com Sousa and the post-1961 Vision of a Goan Elite in Decline Typeset with L1X, http://www.lyx.org. Text: Bitstream Chørter; 9.5,/13.0 rsBN 978-81 -934236-8-4 Kristen Chartier, Basilio Monteiro, Andrew Towers 125 Education and the Dilemma of the Medium of Instruction: A Perennial and Universal Challenge 3 CoNTENTS Anthony Gomes L45 From Post-Colonial to Neo-Colonial: Perils and Prospects ACTNOWI,SDGEMENTS Facing Goan Culture Today Duarte Drumond Braga 157 Portuguese and other Lusophone discourses on Goa rrr sls book is the outcome of a conference conducted at Yale Uni- from 1953 to 7975 I versiry in New Haven, Connecticut, in April 2013 with support from the council on Latin American and Iberian studies, the South Jonathan Graham 169 Asian studies council and the Kempf Fund of the Macmillan cen- Pepper, Padroado and Prester John: ter for International and Area studies. The conference welcomed an Portuguese-Thomas Christian Relations and interdisciplinary group of scholars to a two-day program whose ob- the Creation of an Imperial Patron Saint jective was the placement of the former Portuguese empire in the context of cgntemporary debates on post-coloniality. In addition to Tara Menoù 195 international academics and Yale scholars, the conference showcased as Translation in Francisco Luís Gomes' Conversion the work of creative writers from Goa and the Goan diaspora' Had Os Brâmanes the conference not taken place, this book would never have been published. Margaret Mascarenhas 205 the organization of the conference was Kenneth Partition Spearheading David Jackson, Professor in the Department of Spanish and Por- writ- Anthony Gomes 213 tuguese, who invited me to present a paper on post-colonial meetins, Saudades ers in English from the Goan diaspora. Thanks to that first our association has grown into a productive professional partnership Ashley D'Mello 215 for which I feel very grateful. Neither the conference nor this vol- Politics in Goa: The Role of the Catholic Church ume would have been possible without David's enormous efforts in providing funding, inspiration, enthusiasm, guidance and, above all, Lowndes Vicente 230 Filipa scholarly expertise. I am honored that he offered me the opportunity Many Frontiers José Gerson da Cunha's Writing From - to edit this volume and I am profoundly grateful to him for bringing and Journalistic Approaches to Past and Historical this project to fruition. Present Colonialisms in India 1870-1900 The conference also brought to Yale the Bombay-based journalist Ashley D'Mello, a long-time friend, to deliver the Poynter Lecture on Notes on Contributors 257 the topic, "Portuguese Colonial History and Contemporary Goan Elec- Index 263 tions: Impact of the catholic church on the Electorate". It was Ash- ley's idea to publish the many provocative papers that were presented as well as his keynote speech. Indeed, it was Ashley who brought Frederick Noronha, publisher of Goa,1556, on board to produce this volume. Ashley also provided early editorial assistance on some of the essays and much advice on Goa's volatile political situation. I am 4 5 José Gerson da Cunha I Filipa Lowndes Vicente the choice ofhistorical subjects he chose to research and write on. By 15 belonging to different spheres, and constantly trespassing-literally and historically-the frontiers between Portuguese India and British India, Gerson da Cunha was able to make comparisons and connec- tions between different histories and different historiographies. And, Writing From Many Frontiers: as we shail analyze in this text, this kaleidoscopic position allowed him to write different things to different audiences. In-between these tvvo traditions-the Portuguese and the José Gerson da Cunha's Historical and Journalistic Approaches British-he was never fully acknowledged by either one of them. In a to Past and Present Colonialisms in India (1870-1900) historical period-the second half of the nineteenth-century-where India was under different colonial governments, with the obvious pre- dominance of the British, there were also different national traditions Filipa Lowndes Vicente in the same territory that tended to concentrate on different periods, different subjects, which were written in different languages, which worked in different archives and which quoted different historians. Introduction Paradoxically, as we will suggest, it was this being in many places and being in none-the fact that he somehow always occupied the tt his book on Portuguese men who achieved some prominence 1 frontiers of different worlds-that contributed to his invisibility as a published 1870s, I abroad, at the end of the decade of the historian, and as a producer of knowledge on the history of India. Bernardes Branco confessed he was not sure if Gerson da Cunha was Firstly, I will explore Gerson da Cunha's relationship with the Goa Portuguese or English and commented that he had to contact Cunha of his times, in one of the few texts in which he refers to it. Sec- Rivara, the Portuguese secretary of the Governor in Goa and also a ondly, I will analyze how his criticism of Portuguese colonial prac- scholar, to address his doubts: "Mr. Gerson da Cunha is a Portuguese tices was mainly projected in the past, and therefore more historical, subject, born in Goa, of indigenous race and of the Brahman caste. while his criticism of British India involved a much more contempo- He is established in Bombay as a doctor" was Cunha Rivara's answer rary approach, mainly expressed through journalistic writing and pri- (Branco 448).ln fact, Gerson da Cunha studied medicine in Bomba¡ vate correspondence. His audiences determined what he wrote on the Edinburgh and London, before making it his profession on returning present or the past. His was conscious of their specificity and adapted to Bombay in the 1870s. Howeve4 his historical, archaeological and his discourse, politics and criticism accordingly. numismatic interests, mainly on themes related to the Portuguese in India, occupied a great part of his time and resulted in numerous ar- ticles and books published in the last three decades ofthe nineteenth The Politics of Language: Konkani and Portuguese century The only text we could find where there is a clearer criticism of Por- Gerson da Cunha's social and intellectual world was clearly con- tuguese colonialism of the present and not only of the past, even if centrated in the diverse world of Bombay, a heterogeneous and fast done in an indirect way, was in his book Konkoni Lønguøge qnd Líter- moving world, made up of people of different ethnicities, religions cture published in 1881 (Cunha).2 Here, Gerson da Cunha revealed and origins.l But the fact that he was Goan and could read Por- some of his ideas on the relationship between language and national- tuguese, apart from other European and Indian languages, influenced ism which late4 in 1893, he went back to in his articie on the teaching 237 Goe: A Posr-ColowrAL SocrnTy B¡rwnpru CulruRns José Gerson da Cunha I Filipa Lowndes Vicente of the Portuguese language at the University of Bombay. and stereotyping the forms inherited from a former age, Inevitably, language and its usages were affected by the establish_ that it is no wonder that Konkani, an idiom of a small ment of the Portuguese from the 16th century onwards. Gerson da country ruled by a foreign race, and without, at present cunha condemned the destruction perpetrated by the first missionar- at least, any aspiration to no'tional independence fitalics ies which in their "mistaken zear to propagate christianity" did not minel, should within only a couple of centuries have as- understand how the preservation of the ancient Indian manuscripts sumed a form so entirely different from the old one. (The could have been useful for the conversion of ,,natives',. That which Konkani Language 34) the Spanish had done in Granada, he continued, by destroyingArabic Gerson da Cunha finished his historical itinerary of Konkani with a manuscripts, the Portuguese did in Goa with Indian manuscripts. The pessimistic evaluation of the present, where language and literature fanaticism that "blinded these missionaries" (only justified, accord- were inseparable from colonial rule, and where there was an implicit ing to him, by the historical context) prevented the transmission of criticism of foreign governments: "Goa has for centuries been swayed christianity through the vernacular languages. According to Gerson by foreign rulers, who have insisted on making their own da Cunha, a global vision ofhistory helped to understand the violence the offi- cial language, or the language of the court, withdrawing at the of that behavior at the time: "The history of mankind is already full of same time all encouragement for the cultivation of the native tongue" and examples of how sectarian differences, bigotry and superstition have only a free and autonomous nation could preserve its language.

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