Land Policy in Post-Conflict Circumstances: Some Lessons from East Timor
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OVERVIEW of the ATLANTIC HUMPBACK DOLPHIN (Sousa
SC/62/SM1 Initial evidence of dolphin takes in the Niger Delta region and a review of Nigerian cetaceans Michael Uwagbae 1 and Koen Van Waerebeek2 1 Niger Delta Wetlands Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Email: [email protected] 2 Conservation and Research of West African Aquatic Mammals, COREWAM-Ghana, P.O. Box LG99, EcoLab, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; and CEPEC, Museo de Delfines, Pucusana, Peru. Abstract An interview survey among artisanal fishermen from Brass Island, Niger Delta, in 2008-2009 revealed, for the first time, regular takes of delphinids in Nigerian coastal waters. Three fishermen at Imbikiri, Brass Island, were identified as dedicated ©dolphin hunters©. Evidence is difficult to obtain but one video footage authenticated the landing of a live common bottlenose dolphin. Fraser©s dolphin is suggested to occur offshore (probable sighting) but no other documented sightings of odontocetes are published, despite the massive exploration effort for hydrocarbons. A cow- neonate pair of humpback whales was sighted in western Nigeria, at the Togo border, on 9 September 2001 during a survey of the austral population that breeds in the Bight of Benin. In view of the abysmal state of knowledge, as to add to the inventory and zoogeography of Nigeria©s cetaceans even baseline coastal surveys could yield significant insights. Particularly pressing is an in-depth assessment of the contemporary and historical presence (or absence), of the vulnerable Atlantic humpback dolphin Sousa teuszii and an estimate of the extent and composition of dolphin takes. Keywords: dolphin captures, Nigeria, Brass Island, common bottlenose dolphin Arguably the best documented cetacean from Nigeria may be Pappocetus lugardi Andrews, 1920 (Archaeoceti: Protocetidae) from the late Lutetian or middle Eocene of Port Harcourt, comprising a mandible type specimen (BMNH M11414) and a second fossil collected from Ameki, Nigeria (Halstead and Middleton, 1974). -
Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self-Determination at the International Court of Justice, 17 Hastings Int'l & Comp
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 17 Article 3 Number 2 Winter 1994 1-1-1994 Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self- Determination at the International Court of Justice Gerry J. Simpson Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Gerry J. Simpson, Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self-Determination at the International Court of Justice, 17 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 323 (1994). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol17/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self-Determination at the International Court of Justice By Gerry J. Simpson* Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................ 324 1E. Some Preliminary Remarks about the Case ............. 327 III. International Politics and the International Court: A Functional Dilemma .................................... 329 IV. Substantive Questions of Law .......................... 332 A. The Existence of a Right to Self-Determination...... 333 B. Beneficiaries of the Right to Self-Determination ..... 334 1. Indonesia's TerritorialIntegrity and the Principle of Uti Posseditis................................. 339 2. Enclaves in InternationalLaw .................. 342 3. Historical Ties .................................. 342 C. The Duties of Third Parties Toward Peoples Claiming a Right to Self-Determination ............. 343 V. Conclusion .............................................. 347 * Lecturer in International Law and Human Rights Law, Law Faculty, Univcrity of Melbourne, Australia. -
How the Resource Curse Affects Urban Development in East Timor
The Sustainable City V 495 How the resource curse affects urban development in East Timor I. M. Madaleno Portuguese Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon Abstract East Timor is heavily reliant upon royalty and taxation revenues from petroleum and natural gas resources. Poor management of natural resources revenue has given ground for the nation to fall victim to the ‘resource curse’. This paper provides an overview of the country’s recent history whilst characterising its energy resources availability and case-studying a stressing and omnipresent urban problem: the persistence of internal displaced people (idps) living in refugee camps within Dili district. The objective of this contribution is to describe sample research conducted in the capital city of the first 21st century nation on Earth, so as to evaluate with empirical data how the wealth of natural resources is being used both to improve East Timorese daily lives and to regenerate the urban tissue. Keywords: resource curse, refugee camps, urban regeneration, Dili, East Timor. 1 Introduction Asian tigers – South Korea, Taiwan, Hong-Kong and Singapore – are resource- poor countries. East Timor as well as Angola, both former Portuguese colonies, are resource-rich, exhibiting poor economic growth performances and displaying high levels of poverty (see table 1). The quality of local institutions is decisive, though, for there is no curse that cannot be lifted [1, 2]. It is widely accepted that good governance and a strong juridical and institutional framework tend to minimise the ill consequences of the mineral and energy resources privilege both on common people and on political leaders. Weak administration of revenues by contrast can lead to financial resources waste and environmental constrains on grounds of political mismanagement and corruption as on easy money availability excesses. -
A Absolute Temperature, 60 Acalapa Dome, 256
INDEX 1 A alignment(s), fold, 307 absolute temperature, 60 regional strike, 121 positive, 127, 239 Acalapa dome, 256 Alloz diapir area, 286 resistivity, 138 acceleration of gravity, model ratio of, Almere deposits, 271 seismic, 298 14 Alpine geosyncline, Briangonnais structural, 99, 136 accumulation(s) of oil, stratigraphic, platform of, 335 Anoz diapir, stages of diapirism, 289 122 alpine orogenic belt, California, 238 Anoz diapir area, 286 of oil or gas, 109 Alpine orogeny, 300 thickness of middle Eocene, 289 Achotal structure, 254 alpine-type peridotites, 238 Anoz to Salinas de Oro diapir, acoustic-velocity values of shale, 137 Alps, “nappes” of the, 89 cross section, 289 activation, entropy of, 60 alteration, hydrothermal, 238 anticlinal diapirs, 4 free energy of, 60 alteration of anhydrite, 116 folding, 156, 168, 296 thermal, 60 Amadeus basin, diapiric structures of, salt masses, 121 activation energy, 60 301, 313 structures, 84 -temperature curves, 66 salt diapirs of, 3 Gulf province, 100 of “climb” process, 65 ambiguity, shape, 124 anticline, Cornwall, 188 of dislocation source, 65 Amexquite dome, cap rock, 258 Sierra de Minas Viejas, 11 Adelaide-Cambrian systemic bound ammonites, 247, 249 anticlines, diapiric, 5 ary, 304 amplitude, reflection, 134, 135 interdomal, 110 geosyncline, 302 Amund Ringnes Island, 188 relict, 110 diapirism in, 307 Anahuac sedimentary inclusions, 24 residual, 110 diapirism outside of, 313 Anahuacian, Hcterostcgina zone of, rim, 110 pattern of folding, 306 110 salt, origin of, 225 stratigraphy, 304 andesine, -
Report of the Official Parliamentary Delegation
The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia Report of the Official Parliamentary Delegation Visit to Papua New Guinea and East Timor October – November 2008 December 2008 © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 ISBN 978-1-74229-021-8 This document was prepared by the Parliamentary Education Office and printed by the Printing and Delivery Services section of the Department of the Senate, Parliament House, Canberra. ii Contents Preface ..........................................................................................1 Membership of the Delegation ....................................................4 1 Introduction ......................................................................... 5 Objectives ............................................................................................5 Acknowledgments ...............................................................................6 Papua New Guinea – background information ...................................13 East Timor – background information .................................................16 2 Delegation visit to Papua New Guinea ................................ 21 Strengthening ties between Australian and PNG Parliaments .............21 Meetings with Government ......................................................................... 21 Parliament-to-Parliament ties ...................................................................... 23 Strongim Gavman Program .......................................................................... 23 Contemporary political, economic -
Article Reference
Article Decolonisation, Improvised: A Social History of the Transfer of Power in Cabo Verde, 1974–1976 KEESE, Alexander Abstract Cet article discute la mobilisation ambivalente sur les deux îles principales de la colonie portugaise de Cabo Verde (Iles de Cap-Vert), Santiago avec la capitale, Praia, et São Vicente avec le centre urbain de Mindelo, pendant la décolonisation. S'agissant d'une analyse en histoire sociale, la discussion inclut l'activité des mouvements de masse, la réaction aux nouvelles politiques d'infrastructure et sociales, et les problèmes écologiques et de marginalisation sociale. Reference KEESE, Alexander. Decolonisation, Improvised: A Social History of the Transfer of Power in Cabo Verde, 1974–1976. Portuguese Studies Review, 2017, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 291-312 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:104259 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 VOLUME 25 • NUMBER 1 • 2017 PORTUGUESE STUDIES REVIEW Chief Editor: IVANA ELBL Associate Editors: TIMOTHY COATES ANTÓNIO COSTA PINTO JOSÉ C. CURTO MARIA JOÃO DODMAN MARTIN M. ELBL EDITOR EMERITUS: DOUGLAS L. WHEELER International Editorial Board JULIET ANTUNES SABLOSKY FRANCIS DUTRA WILSON ALVES DE PAIVA Georgetown University UCAL, Santa Barbara Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás CARLOS BALSAS SUSANNAH HUMBLE FERREIRA RENÉ PÉLISSIER Arizona State University University of Guelph Orgeval,France MARCELO BORGES HAROLD JOHNSON MARIA FERNANDA ROLLO Dickinson College University of Virginia Universidade Nova de Lisboa CAROLINE BRETTELL ROBERT A. KENNEDY STANLEY PAYNE SMU, Dallas (TX) York University (Toronto) U. of Wisconsin, Madison MICHEL CAHEN STEWART LLOYD-JONES CNRS / Sciences Po, ISCTE, Lisbon Bordeaux FERNANDO NUNES Mount St. -
Timor-Leste's Growing Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region
110 Regionalism, Security & Cooperation in Oceania Chapter 8 Acting West, Looking East: Timor-Leste’s Growing Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region Jose Kai Lekke Sousa-Santos Executive Summary • Timor-Leste is situated geopolitically and culturally at the crossroads of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands region, and has pursued a two-pil- lared neighborhood foreign policy of “comprehensive and collective en- gagement,” which is defined by “Acting West” and “Looking East.” • Timor-Leste is seeking to integrate itself within regional governance and security structures, and institutions of both Southeast Asia and the Pa- cific Islands, thereby increasing its strategic role as a conduit for cooper- ation and collaboration between the two regions. • Timor-Leste is of increasing geostrategic importance to the Asia Pacific in view of the growing focus on the Pacific Ocean in terms of resource security and the growing competition between China and the United States. • Timor-Leste could play an increasingly significant role in regional de- fense diplomacy developments if the Melanesian Spearhead Group re- gional peacekeeping force is realized. Timor-Leste’s Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region - Santos 111 “We may be a small nation, but we are part of our inter- connected region. Our nation shares an island with Indone- sia. We are part of the fabric of Southeast Asia. And we are on the cross road of Asia and the Pacific.” 1 - Xanana Kay Rala Gusmao Introduction Timor-Leste is situated geopolitically and culturally on the crossroads of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands region and has, since achieving in- dependence in 2002, pursued a two-pillared neighborhood foreign policy of ‘Acting West’ and ‘Looking East.’ Timor-Leste claims that its geographic position secures the “half-island” state as an integral and categorical part of Southeast Asia while at the same time, acknowledging the clear links it shares with its Pacific Island neighbors to the west, particularly in the areas of development and security. -
GRAND CHAMBER CASE of LOPES DE SOUSA FERNANDES V
GRAND CHAMBER CASE OF LOPES DE SOUSA FERNANDES v. PORTUGAL (Application no. 56080/13) JUDGMENT STRASBOURG 19 December 2017 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. LOPES DE SOUSA FERNANDES v. PORTUGAL – JUDGMENT 1 In the case of Lopes de Sousa Fernandes v. Portugal, The European Court of Human Rights, sitting as a Grand Chamber composed of: Guido Raimondi, President, Angelika Nußberger, Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos, Ganna Yudkivska, Robert Spano, Luis López Guerra, Mirjana Lazarova Trajkovska, Işıl Karakaş, Nebojša Vučinić, Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque, Helen Keller, Ksenija Turković, Yonko Grozev, Pere Pastor Vilanova, Alena Poláčková, Pauliine Koskelo, Georgios A. Serghides, judges, and Roderick Liddell, Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 16 November 2016 and on 20 September 2017, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on the last- mentioned date: PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 56080/13) against the Portuguese Republic lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Portuguese national, Ms Maria Isabel Lopes de Sousa Fernandes (“the applicant”), on 23 August 2013. 2. The applicant complained under Article 2 of the Convention about the death of her husband in hospital as a result of a hospital-acquired infection and of carelessness and medical negligence. She further complained that the authorities to which she had applied had failed to elucidate the precise cause of the sudden deterioration in her husband’s state of health. Relying on Articles 6 § 1 and 13 of the Convention, the applicant also complained about the duration and outcome of the domestic proceedings she had brought in that connection. -
Nation Building Process in Afghanistan Ziaulhaq Rashidi1, Dr
Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Abbreviated Key Title: Saudi J Humanities Soc Sci ISSN 2415-6256 (Print) | ISSN 2415-6248 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ Original Research Article Nation Building Process in Afghanistan Ziaulhaq Rashidi1, Dr. Gülay Uğur Göksel2 1M.A Student of Political Science and International Relations Program 2Assistant Professor, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey *Corresponding author: Ziaulhaq Rashidi | Received: 04.04.2019 | Accepted: 13.04.2019 | Published: 30.04.2019 DOI:10.21276/sjhss.2019.4.4.9 Abstract In recent times, a number of countries faced major cracks and divisions (religious, ethnical and geographical) with less than a decade war/instability but with regards to over four decades of wars and instabilities, the united and indivisible Afghanistan face researchers and social scientists with valid questions that what is the reason behind this unity and where to seek the roots of Afghan national unity, despite some minor problems and ethnic cracks cannot be ignored?. Most of the available studies on nation building process or Afghan nationalism have covered the nation building efforts from early 20th century and very limited works are available (mostly local narratives) had touched upon the nation building efforts prior to the 20th. This study goes beyond and examine major struggles aimed nation building along with the modernization of state in Afghanistan starting from late 19th century. Reforms predominantly the language (Afghani/Pashtu) and role of shared medium of communication will be deliberated. In addition, we will talk how the formation of strong centralized government empowered the state to initiate social harmony though the demographic and geographic oriented (north-south) resettlement programs in 1880s and how does it contributed to the nation building process. -
Persian, Farsi, Dari, Tajiki: Language Names and Language Policies
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Anthropology Papers Department of Anthropology 2012 Persian, Farsi, Dari, Tajiki: Language Names and Language Policies Brian Spooner University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers Part of the Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics Commons, and the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation (OVERRIDE) Spooner, B. (2012). Persian, Farsi, Dari, Tajiki: Language Names and Language Policies. In H. Schiffman (Ed.), Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice (pp. 89-117). Leiden, Boston: Brill. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/91 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Persian, Farsi, Dari, Tajiki: Language Names and Language Policies Abstract Persian is an important language today in a number of countries of west, south and central Asia. But its status in each is different. In Iran its unique status as the only official or national language continueso t be jealously guarded, even though half—probably more—of the population use a different language (mainly Azari/Azeri Turkish) at home, and on the streets, though not in formal public situations, and not in writing. Attempts to broach this exclusive status of Persian in Iran have increased in recent decades, but are still relatively minor. Persian (called tajiki) is also the official language ofajikistan, T but here it shares that status informally with Russian, while in the west of the country Uzbek is also widely used and in the more isolated eastern part of the country other local Iranian languages are now dominant. -
LESSON 3 India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan G Stan India, Pakistan, and Afghanis
LESSONLESSON 3 India,India, Pakistan,Pakistan, andand AfghanistanAfghanistan QuickQuick WriteWrite magine this: The year is 1921, and you’re a teenager in school in India. Your land has been Iunder British rule for as long as anyone can remember. You’re starting to hear about independence for India, though, and it sounds like an exciting idea. But what kind of independence? Self-rule within the British Empire? Or complete independence, like what What approach should the Americans got after 1776? British India have taken to independence? Why? India is a vast country—Hindus and Muslims are only two of its mixture of religious and ethnic groups. Could one country possibly be big enough to include everybody? Won’t some groups get lost? Should certain groups be guaranteed a share of seats in Parliament? Maybe two or more smaller countries would make more sense. British India could draw the map so that each territory LearnLearn AboutAbout was pretty clearly Hindu or Muslim and everybody spoke the same language. What do you think is best, • the precolonial history of the Mughals in the Indian and why? subcontinent • the encounter with Europe and the colonial period in the region • the history of the struggle for independence in South Asia • what caused the partition and war between India and Pakistan • how Muslim-Hindu strife affects the politics and economics of South Asia • which groups have struggled for control in Afghanistan and why 176 CHAPTER 2 Asia 75162_C2L3_p176-199_AFJROTC_FINAL.indd 176 11/9/09 1:55 PM The Precolonial History of the Mughals VocabularyVoca bulary in the Indian Subcontinent •Indian subcontinent You read briefl y in the Introduction about the Mughal Empire •aristocrat in the Indian subcontinent. -
Project the Farsi/Persian Communities In
IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY CAPACITY AND ENGAGEMENT (ICCE) PROJECT THE FARSI/PERSIAN COMMUNITIES IN LONDON A FORUM FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS PRESENTED BY: JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY OF LONDON AND DISTRICT FARSI / PERSIAN • Three countries speak Persian: • Western Persian (Persian, Iranian Persian, or Farsi) is spoken in Iran • Dari (Dari Persian, Afghan Persian, or Dari) is spoken in Afghanistan • Tajiki (Tajik Persian) is spoken in Tajikistan IRAN HISTORY OF IRAN . The official name of Iran is the “Islamic Republic of Iran” . ‘Persia’ was historically the common name for Iran (it was called Persia until 1935) . Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations . Iran means “the land of the Aryans” Politics . The revolution of Iran was in 1979 by Ayatollah Khomeini . Before the revolution, Iran was a constitutional monarchy. The country was ruled by the Royal Government of Reza Shah Pahlavi . After the revolution, the Iranian government system became the Islamic Republic and its national day is the 12th Farvardin (1st of April) . The Iranians choose their own president. The election is carried out once every four years. Each president serves a four-year term and cannot serve more than two consecutive terms . The president uses the media to announce to the country the government’s plans and programs . The president has some say in the level of media freedom and political openness . Iran was at war with Iraq (1980-1988) for 8 years. The roots of the war lay in a number of territorial and political disputes between Iraq and Iran . The Iranian people