INDEX 1 A alignment(s), fold, 307 absolute temperature, 60 regional strike, 121 positive, 127, 239 Acalapa dome, 256 Alloz diapir area, 286 resistivity, 138 acceleration of gravity, model ratio of, Almere deposits, 271 seismic, 298 14 Alpine geosyncline, Briangonnais structural, 99, 136 accumulation(s) of oil, stratigraphic, platform of, 335 Anoz diapir, stages of diapirism, 289 122 alpine orogenic belt, California, 238 Anoz diapir area, 286 of oil or gas, 109 Alpine orogeny, 300 thickness of middle Eocene, 289 Achotal structure, 254 alpine-type peridotites, 238 Anoz to Salinas de Oro diapir, acoustic-velocity values of shale, 137 Alps, “nappes” of the, 89 cross section, 289 activation, entropy of, 60 alteration, hydrothermal, 238 anticlinal diapirs, 4 free energy of, 60 alteration of anhydrite, 116 folding, 156, 168, 296 thermal, 60 Amadeus basin, diapiric structures of, salt masses, 121 activation energy, 60 301, 313 structures, 84 -temperature curves, 66 salt diapirs of, 3 Gulf province, 100 of “climb” process, 65 ambiguity, shape, 124 anticline, Cornwall, 188 of dislocation source, 65 Amexquite dome, cap rock, 258 Sierra de Minas Viejas, 11 Adelaide-Cambrian systemic bound­ ammonites, 247, 249 anticlines, diapiric, 5 ary, 304 amplitude, reflection, 134, 135 interdomal, 110 geosyncline, 302 Amund Ringnes Island, 188 relict, 110 diapirism in, 307 Anahuac sedimentary inclusions, 24 residual, 110 diapirism outside of, 313 Anahuacian, Hcterostcgina zone of, rim, 110 pattern of folding, 306 110 salt, origin of, 225 stratigraphy, 304 andesine, 233 Paradox basin, 8, 46 Series, 304 andesite, 162 Rumania, 46 System, 304 pillow, metamorphosed, 233 anticlinorium, 231 rock-stratigraphic nomenclature, Andrade curve, 44 faulted, 228 304 Andradean creep, 60 antiform, Diablo, 231 time-rock subdivision, 304 law, 41, 73 antiforms, 243 Africa, East Coast, exploration Angola, Cuanza basin, salt diapirs, 8 antigorite, 235 for salt-dome oil, 9 anhydrite, 103, 113, 316 Antilles, Greater, arc system, 316 salt structures, 2 alteration of, 116 apatite, needles of, 326 South, Kimberley, St. Augustine banded salt and, Winnfield dome, apophyses, cone-shaped, 101 mine, 32 106 cylindrical, 102 AgBr, creep of, 68 Anhydrite, Cimarron, petrofabric rod-like, 102 age, C-14, 151 diagrams of halite, 97 spinose, 101 age of diapiric intrusion, anhydrite, hydration of, 191 Appalachian, Ouachita-, structural Cantabrian basin, 300 penetration of, 212 belt, 116 of diapiric material, 3 percentage of, 57 Appalachian revolution, 259 of diapiric salt structures, phase change in, 37 Aptian reef-limestone outcrops, 295 Gulf of Mexico basin, 116 precipitation of, 116 Aptychi Limestone, 318 of evaporites, 193, 316 recrystallization of, 326 “ Aptychus” beds, 335 of Louann Salt, 117, 356 shear strength of, 213 Aptychus Formation, 318 of micas, radiometric, 320 sheath of, 192 Arabia, salt domes in, 18 of quartz monzonite, 320 “softening” of, 213 arc, Cuban, 316 of salt, 24 specific gravity of, 207 volcanic, 316 Gulf Coast, 18 anhydrite content of salt domes, 49 arc system, Greater Antilles, 316 Isthmian, 249, 355 core, evidence of, 212 arch, Boothia, 186 Louann, 117, 356 rise of, 213 Princess M argaret, 199 Aqueguexquite Formation, 249 dike, Axel Heiberg Island, 212 arcliaeocyathid biohermal bank, 301, air photographs, trimetrogon, 183 grains, intergrowth of, 116 312 photography, vertical, 184 preferred orientation of, 194 limestone, 304 airborne tuff, 168 residue, 21 boulders of, 311 Alabama, highest drilled salt, 115 -rich layers, 91 arching, 109 thickness of cap rock, 115 structure, relict, 116 up-, regional, 11 algae, 151 anomalies, gravity, 116, 207, 296 Arctic, Canadian, salt domes in, 18 algal reef zone, 152 negative, 194 Arctic Archipelago, Canadian, 183 Algeria, Djelfa, salt mountain, 21 magnetic, positive, 343 index map, 184 Algerian domes, salt-water springs in, minimum, 123, 127 tectonic subdivisions, 185 71 negative, 24, 207 :Canada, chaotic gypsum in salt 1 Titles of papers are shown in capital and small capital letters.

415

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 416 INDEX ARC-BEL (Arctic Archipelago) (Axel Heiberg Island) (basement rock) domes, 49 search Expedition to, 184 fracture zones in, 121 Coast, Queen Elizabeth Islands, 183 axes, fold, 87 magnetic, 226 Coastal Plain, 183 orientation of, 155 “basification,” 356 A rctic Islands, Canadian, Pierce­ tectonic, 268 basin, Big Horn, 50 ment Structures in, 183-214 vertical, 79 East Texas, 44 Arctic Islands, geophysical studies, axes of salt domes, 256 Elk Point, 206 185 axial part of geosyncline, 307 evaporite, Elk Point, 18 petroleum exploration, 184 -plane cleavage, 91, 94 Gulf of Mexico, 18 regional geology, 185 axial planes, 108 North Sea-German, 18 Research Expedition, Jacobsen-Mc- of folds, 106 sequence of diapirism, 42 Gill, 184 -stress effect, 75 German-North Sea, 44, 46 Ardnamurchan, Scotland, ring dikes axis, trough, shifting of, 275 Gulf, salt diapirs in, 99 and cone sheets, 33 axis of deposition, 295 Gulf Coast, 44 argillaceous diapirs, 4 Gulf of Mexico, 10, 44 sediments, 112, 162 B distribution of evaporites, 117 Arkaba diapir, map of, 311 Backofen phenomenon of superplas­ distribution, thickness, and age of Arkansas, southern, salt structures, ticity, 40 diapiric salt structures, 116 101 bacteria, sulfate-reducing, 116 salt structures and major tectonic Arngast salt stock, 263 Bacuranao-Cruz Verde oil field, 353 trends, 100 Arrhenius concept, 55, 56 Baffin Island, 186 Basin, Gulf of Mexico, Salt Arrowie syncline, 311 Bahamas, continental crust, 316 Structures of, A R e v i e w , 99- artesian origin of salt domes, 17 Bahamas carbonate platforms, 99 121 ash, airborne, 170 bald-cap structures, 301, 309 basin, Gulf of Mexico, Triassic litho asphalt diapirs, 15 Baluchistan area, West Pakistan, facies distribution, 118 model, 12 active mud cone, 165 Jurassic, Celt-Iberian, 277 mounds, 11 composition of mud volcanoes, Paradox, 20, 46 plugs, 13, 15 166 salt anticlines, 46 ridges, en echelon, 15 mud cones in, 164 salt structures, 102 asphaltic dikes, 283 shale or mud ridges, 164 Saline, Mexico, salt in, 117 assimilation, emplacement by, 2 banded layers, 106 salt structures, 103 Asturian Massif, 275 salt and anhydrite, Winnfield dome, salt, German, 19 Mountains, ancestral, 293 106 Sverdrup, Canada, 183, 187 asymmetry of folds, 154 banding, 203 W erra, Germany, 46 Atlas Mountains, Saharan, salt horizontal, 346 W illiston, 50 structures along, 53 bands, flowage, 108 Zechstein, Germany, salt Atondo diapir, 293, 296 gypsum, contortion of, 346 structures, 101, 102 attenuation, 79, 85, 89, 91 dips in, 347, 351 basin areas, large, downwarping of, augite, 233 slip, 64 52 Australia, exploration for salt-dome bar deposits, river-mouth, 152 subsidence, 8 oil, 9 sediments, 145 basin (s), closed, deposition in, 91 paleogeographic map, 302 Barbers Hill salt dome, 21 cones and, 172 salt domes in, 18 barite, 309 elongate, 120 South, Flinders Ranges, Barns sand, 42 evaporite (see basin, evaporite) cross section, 303 barrier complex, carbonate, Sverdrup mud, 164 A ustralia, South, Flinders Ranges, basin, 205 rim, 109 Diapiric Structures and Late Barrow dome, 196 salt, of the world, 18 Precambrian-Early Cambrian basalt, deformation of, 37 structural, shallow, belt of, 186 Sedim entation in, 301-314 spilitic, 335 tectonic, 339 Australia, South, geologic map, 303 tholeiitic, 335 Bastion Ridge, 200 Lower Cambrian Series, isomor­ basement, 50 batholiths, granite, 16 phic panel diagrams, 313 Cuba, 320 Bathurst Island, 186 stratigraphic table, 303 Ellef Ringnes Island, depth to, 188 Bay Marchand dome, 104, 105 authigenic pyrite, 175 granitic, 305 Bay of Biscay, 293 auto plasticity, hypothesis of, 53 igneous-metamorphic, 315 Bay of Biscay to Sierra de Cantabria, “avalanches” of dislocations, 64 mobility of, 307 cross sections, 278 autochthonous areas, 320 pre-saline and pre-salt, 268, 274 bedded gypsum, 188 Avery Island mine, 89 simatic, 228, 231 salt, Kansas, Hutchinson, 91 salt dome, 18 basement blocks, differential uplift of Oklahoma, Beaver County, 98 Axel Heiberg Island, anhydrite dike, 307 Oklahoma, western, 90 212 complex, 52, 226 bedding, graded, 106 diapirs of, 4 Precambrian, 215 bedding-plane faults, 89 domes on, 197 fault system, 301 features, 225 eastern, distribution of diapirs faulting, 8 Belle Isle mine, 85, 89 in, 202 ridge, 322 salt dome, 24, 104, 105 Mesozoic section, 205 rock, 239 belt, structural, Ouachita-Appala­ Jacobsen-McGill Arctic Re- blocks of, 309 chian, 116

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 BEL-CAP INDEX 417 belts, orogenic, 120 boulders, 310 Caledonian orogeny, 186 benches, structural, 217 erratic, 166 trend, 186 bentonitic clay, 179 boulders of archaeocyathid limestone, California, Coast Ranges of, 228 Bibliography, Indexed, of Diapir­ 311 California, Diablo Range, Dia­ ism and Diapirs, 358-414 Boundary fault, 231 piric Structures in, 228-243 Big Bend region, 176 Boz Dagh mud volcano, 164 California, serpentine diapirs of, 2 Big Blue Member of Temblor For­ Brachythyris sp., 191 California alpine orogenic belt, 238 mation, 232, 240 Braunstein, Jules, vii Callanna Beds, 304, 307 Big Horn basin, 50 and G. D. O’Brien, 358-414 Camaguey diapirs, 329 Mountains, 50 breccia, 280 Province, Isla de Turiguano diapir, Billy Creek Formation, 304, 306 diapir, 291 geologic map, 347 biohermal bank, archaeocyathid, 301, diapiric, 307 Loma Cunagua, diapir, geologic 312 evaporitic, 321 map, 348 birefringence technique, 65 flow, nuee ardente, 339 possible evaporite diapirs, 352 birefringent sheets, 54 gypsiferous, 328 Punta Alegre diapir, geologic Biscay, Bay of, 293 injection of, 301 map, 344 to Sierra de Cantabria, cross Keuper, 283 Camajan, Lomas de, 321 sections, 278 salt-dome, 25 Sierra de, “klippe,” 336 Gulf of, 291 tectonic, 307 Camajan Hills fenster, 343 Bitter Springs Limestone, intrusive breccia along Rio Tuinicu, 340 Camajuani zone, 331, 335, 338, 340 unit, 313 masses, intrusive, 307 decollement of, 334 bitumen content of Jurassic lime­ north of Trinidad-Sancti Spiritus structure of, 343 stone, 277 Ranges, 340 Cambrian, Adelaide-, systemic bound­ Blinman diapir, 308 type, common, 309 ary, 304 dome, 301, 307 zone, 24 Lower, Series, 304 “block,” usage of term, 173 brecciated clays, 158 isomorphic panel diagram, 313 block, Willyama, 305 brecciation, 25, 154, 225 Canada, Arctic, chaotic gypsum in Block 113, Ship Shoal Area, configu­ Briangonnais platform of Alpine salt domes of, 49 ration of salt and shale masses, geosyncline, 335 eastern, piercement domes in 124 brine, presence of, 37 Carboniferous basin, 18 map of, 123 Brinkmann, Roland, and Herbert Sverdrup basin, 183 Block 198 field, Eugene Island Area, Logters, 275-292 western, Devonian evaporite basin, cross section, 140, 142 brittle behavior, 59 207 structure map of, 140 bromine content of Gulf Coast salt, 80 Canadian Arctic, salt domes in, 18 block(s), Bunter sandstone, 277 brucite, 238 Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 183 Buntsandstein, 281 bulging, 101 index map, 184 downdropped, 26, 343 Bunter sandstone blocks, 277 tectonic map, 185 erratic, 166, 173 Buntsandstein blocks, 281 Canadian A rctic Islands, Pierce­ exotic, 315, 326 clastic sediments, 261 ment Structures in, 183-214 float, limestone, 190 strata, 295 Canadian Maritime Provinces, mother foundered, 308 buoyancy, 22, 25, 26, 46, 54, 55 bed in, 4, 5 inverted, 293 effect, 16, 42, 51 Shield, 185 large, transportation of, 166 of salt, 20 Cane Creek anticline, potash develop­ limestone, Tertiary, 288 buoyant energy, 51 ment of, 215 mobile, Precambrian, 307 buoying force, upward, 120 Cantabria, Sierra de, 275 Muschelkalk, 277, 281 burial, deep, importance of, 20 to Bay of Biscay, cross section, ophite, 296 rate and depth of, 102 278 orthoquartzite, erratic, 173 burial of salt, 51 Cantabrian area, diapirs of, 296 Paleozoic, 288 Burr diapir, 309 basin, 293 remnant, 308 Burra Group, 305 diapiric intrusion, 300 structural, 316 prealpine, 295 upfaulted, 307 C thickness of Cretaceous section, upthrust, 11 C-14 age, 151 295 blocks of basement rock, 309 CaSC>4, impurity effect of, 73 tilting of, 300 of basic igneous rock, 190 Cabaiguan Formation, 335 Triassic contour map, 297 blowout, 123 Caibarien Formation, 340 Triassic section, 295 blueschist, 235 Caillou Island, Marchand-Timbalier-, geosyncline, 300 “boiling prairies,” 179 massif, 18 Mountains, 300 Boling salt dome, 47, 50 Caillou Island dome, 104, 105, 113 trough, 277 Boothia arch, 186 Calaveras-Sunol fault, 231 canyons, distribution of, Upheaval Bordas escarpment, 173 calcarenite, 340 dome, 218 Born, Madelung-, theory, 63 calcilutite, 340 cap rock, 2, 21, 113, 244, 256 bottomhole temperature, 38 calcirudite, 340 Amexquite dome, 258 boudinage, 50, 192 calcite, 113, 114, 171, 238, 326 compaction of, 116 Bouguer gravity map, Ship Shoal deposition of, 116 false, 113 Area, 127 calcium sulfate, 103 geologic aspects of, 47 “boulder,” usage of term, 173 caldera, 32 Jaltipan dome, 258

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 418 INDEX CAP-CON

(cap rock) Characteristics, Electric-Log, of coastal plain, dissection of, 187 Jefferson Island dome, 114 Diapiric Shale, 137-144 Gulf, igneous-plug intrusions in, mineralogie aspects of, 47, 114 characteristics, gliding, 41 15 origin of, 47, 116 Chatham Island, 165 salt-dome region of, 10 thickness of, 97, 114, 115 mudflow at, 167 structural development of, 10 cap-rock formation, 326 Chichonal dome, 255 Gulf of Mexico, salt domes and carbonate barrier complex, Sverdrup Chile, salt domes in, 18 ridges under, 10 basin, 205 chimney, cylindrical, 287 salt intrusions of, 15 facies, northern, 330 chimney-type diapirs, 293 coastal-plain sediments, 10 platforms, 99 Chinameca, ammonites near, 247 Coatzacoalcos River, 247 rocks, reefoid, 183 Chinameca Limestone, 247, 249, 355 coefficient of thermal expansion of carbonatites, 16 Chinle Formation, 217 NaCl, 33 Carboniferous basin, eastern Canada, chlorite, 235 cold intrusions, 235, 243 piercement domes in, 18 Christmas Canyon dome, 215 Coleman, James M., James P. Mor­ Cardium Clay, 271 chromite, 235, 238 gan, and S. M. Gagliano, 145-161 Caribbean area, northern, saline chrysotile, 235 collapse, 116 basins, 355 churning action of gas-agitated water, partial, of dome, 220 structural development of, 10 167 collapse features, 219 series, 329 Cimarron Anhydrite, petrofabric dia­ Colombia, Giron Formation, 329 carnallite and halite, plasticity of, 46 grams of halite, 97 La Quinta series, 329 Carniolas Formation, 277 Clabaugh, Patricia S., and William Colorado River, 215 Carrizo Formation, 168 R. Muehlberger, 90-98 Colquhoun dome, 197, 200 “Carrizo-type” orthoquartzite, 174 classification, fault, 111 compaction, 158 Carrizo-Wilcox section, oil and gas clastic dikes, 162, 164, 171 differential, 27, 28, 49, 51, 215, 227 fields, 168 -evaporitic sequences, 119 rate of, 16 Cascajal dome, 256 rocks, diapiric, 162 compaction fault pattern, down-to-the- Caspian Sea, clay diapirs in, 4 sediments, Buntsandstein, 261 coast, 27 area, internal structure of salt prograding of, 167 halos, 24, 25 dome in, 5 Rotliegend, 261 of cap rock, 116 Castillon B., M., and H. Contreras clasts, exotic, 321 of sediments, 57 V., 244-260 tuff, 177 competence of salt, 17 Castle, The, mudlump island, South Clay Creek dome, 26, 27 competent beds, deformation of, 11 Pass, 147 clay diapirs, 3, 4 competent beds of halite, 47 Castle Valley, igneous plug in, 222 growth of, 9 complex, fracture, 110 (Catahoula), Gueydan Formation, 162 glaciers, Egypt, 4 ring-dike, 28 Cataract Canyon, 223 masses, intrusive, 145 complex fold structures, 97 Caucasus Mountains, erratic rocks, -mineral zonation, 152 folds, 79, 91 167 -shale structures, 100 compound-offset faulting, 111 cauldron subsidence, 28 sheaths, 112 compressibility of salt, 37 Cauto-Bartlett fault systems, 342 suite, 152 compression, 232, 240 Cauto fault, 316 clay(s), bentonitic, 179 uniaxial, 36 movement along, 354 brecciated, 158 compression testing, 37 Cauto fault zone, 316, 337 delta-front, 152 compressional models, 15 Cayetano, San, Formation, 320 diapiric intrusion of, 145 compressive forces, 212 Cayetano Formation, 329 lateral flowage of, 159 tectonic, 183 Cayman direction, 319 prodelta, 145, 152 stresses, 207, 354 Cayo Coco area, evaporites, 336 'shattered, 158 tangential, 346 Cedral Formation, 249 shelf, 145 uniaxial, 59 Cedro Hill silica knob, 174 cleavage, 139, 307 Concepcion dome, 255 Celt-Iberian Jurassic basin, 277 axial-plane, 91, 94 conductivity, thermal, 36 Cenozoic strata, 231 curved, 86 of salt, 33 Central Ellesmere fold belt, 186 climb, dislocation, 65 conduits of weakness, 213 Massif, France, 277 “climb” process, activation of, 65 cone, 32 Cerro Pelon, ammonites in, 247 closed basin, deposition in, 91 cone-shaped apophyses, 101 Red Beds of, 247 fold(s), 94, 206 cone sheets, 32, 33 Cerro Pelon structure, 247 refolded, 94 test, Ludwik, 72 chalcedony knob, 171 closing of tunnels, 78 cones and basins, 172 -like silicified tuff, 174 closure, 89, 91, 139 confining pressure, 11, 55, 57 Chandragup crater, bubbling mud, 165 cluster of salt diapirs, 110 confining-pressure effect, 73 mud volcano, 165 clustered diapirs, 102 constant-strain-rate tests, 61, 67 channel(s), cylindrical, 164 clustering, 109 contact, Pennsylvanian-Permian, 187 extrusion, 164, 171 clusters of salt masses, 121 contact-metamorphic effects, 238 shape of, 287 Coachapa River, 254 contact metamorphism, 20, 236 planar, 164 Coalinga anticline, 232 contemporaneous faulting, 27, 31 chaotic core material, 209 Coast Range orogeny, 243 continental crust, Bahamas, 316 gypsum in salt domes, 49 Ranges of California, 228 metamorphic-igneous, 321 structure, 189, 343 Coastal Plain, Arctic, 183 replacement by oceanic crust, 356

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 CON-DEF INDEX 419 (continental crust) (creep) (Cuba) foreland, 316 of metals, 59 fragmentation of, 337 rise, volcanic material of, 228 of NaCl, nonuniform, 61 geologic setting, 315 -rise prism, 240 of rocks, 55 gravity data, 353 -shelf area, clay-shale structures, of Yule marble, 67 magnetic data, 353 100 properties, survey of, 58 median welt, 319 fauna, 158 creep properties of salt, 56 northern facies, 319 Continental Shelf Project, Polar, 185 rate, 35, 40, 62, 77 pre-Portlandian Jurassic paleogeog- contrast, density, 13, 121 constant, 60 raphy, 322 Contreras V., H.} and M. Castillon retardation of, 70 salt domes in, 18 B., 244-260 steady-state, of NaCl, 69 southern facies, 319 convection currents in mantle, 242 creep rate in Solenhofen limestone, structural trends, 319 convergence rates in salt mines, 75 60 ultramafic rock outcrops, 319 copper, polycrystalline, 73 of salt, 34, 38, 51 Cuban arc, 316 core material, chaotic, 209 of silver bromide, 69 block, central, 316 rock of piercements, 235 strain, 60 structural trends of, 318 core(s), anhydrite, evidence of, 212 transient, 68 structure of, 343, 354 diapiric, 188 tests, uniaxial, 75 diapirs, absence of igneous and domes with, 307 creep tests on sylvite, 75 metamorphic exotic blocks, 329 ophitic content of, 281 crenulation, 19 previous studies, 317 erosion of, contemporaneous, 311 crests, 85 source of salt and anhydrite, 342 evaporite, 183 Cretaceous, middle, orogene, 337 direction, 319 piercement structures with, 213 orogeny, 337, 357 orthogeosyncline, 333, 357 halite, 207 Cretaceous mudflows, 167 median welt of, 335 piercement, 183 rocks, 231, 247, 277 miogeosynclinal part of, 335 rocks of the, 233 section, thickness of, Cantabrian saline basin, 355 upward movement of, 190 basin, 295 structural provinces, index map, cores of plastic Triassic materials, Crimea-Caucasia geologic province, 317 293 mud-volcano deposits, 165 Cubitas, Sierra de, fault slivers, 343 of Triassic salt pelites, 275 crosscutting relationship, 202 Cubitas Limestone, 340 Cornwall anticline, 188 Crusoe Glacier, 203 Mountains, 321 Island, 187 crust, continental, Bahamas, 316 Cunagua, Loma, 318 Cornwallis fold belt, 183, 186 metamorphic-igneous, 321 diapir, 321, 344, 347, 348, 349, Cote Blanche Island dome, 104, 105 replacement by oceanic crust, 356 350 cracks, intercrystalline, 61 oceanic, 239, 316 curve (s), activation energy-tempera­ crater, 32 exposed, 333 ture, 66 Chandragup, bubbling mud, 165 fissures in, 26 creep, 62 meteorite, typical, 225 oceanic-type, 38 for halite, 73 crater of Kambing, Timor, 164 crustal deformation, 106 for gypsum, 59 creep, 3 movements, 213, 232 isothermal, 59 ability of salt to, 53 thickness, 316 sigmoidal, 61 Andradean, 60 cryptovolcanic hypothesis, Upheaval stress-strain, for halite, 72 exhaustion theories of, 65 dome, 221 for Yule marble, 68 high-temperature, 66 crystal, slippage in a, 64 Cutler Formation, 216 jerky, 61 crystal glide planes, 92 White Rim Sandstone Member mechanism of, 63 crystallographic direction, 39 of, 217 salt, in mines, 35 planes, 64 “cutout,” reflection, 124, 134 solid, in salt mines, 49 crystals, halite, preferred orientation cycles of evaporite deposition, 205 steady-state, 68 of, 90 cylindrical apophyses, 102 of metals, 65 preferred vertical elongation of, channels, 164 time-dependent, 53 109 topographic features, 172 transient, 59 strain hardening of, 79 creep behavior, extrapolation of, 67 salt, giant, 91, 106 D creep behavior of nonmetallic bodies, plastic deformation of, 54 Dalgarno, C. R., and J. E. Johnson, 63 Cuanza basin, salt diapirs of, 8 301-314 “creep” curve, 62 Cuba, basement, 320 Darbast salt plug, Iran, 21 creep curves, isothermal, 59 Bouguer gravity trends, 319 de Mille, George, and Don B. Gould, creep curves for gypsum, 59 Cuba, Central, Diapiric Struc­ 183-214 for halite, 73 t u r e s i n , 315-357 decollement movement, 307, 354 data on artificial rock salt, 74 Cuba, central, Portlandian-Turonian of Camajuani zone, 334 on natural rock salt, 75 sedimentary and volcanic units, deformation, continuous, 225 in rock salt (single crystals), 61 (332 crustal, 106 in tunnel openings, 77 stratigraphy of, 315, 318, 319 instantaneous, 59 law, 55, 72 structural facies zones, 332 elastic, 60 logarithmic, 59 structural-stratigraphic zones, intensity of, 189 mechanisms of metals, 63 334 intermittent, 228 of AgBr, 68 diapiric intrusions, scarcity of, 352 penecontemporaneous, large-scale, 145

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 420 INDEX DEF-DIA (deformation) (deposition) (diapiric cores) permanent, 72 in closed basin, 91 domes with, 307 plastic, 39, 120, 220 of calcite, 116 intrusive, 156 of salt crystals, 54 depositional masses, 122 ophitic content of, 281 slow, 220 “depositional mountains,” 14 deposits, residual, 326 soft-rock, 50 depositional processes, deltaic, 158 evaporites, 318 tensional, 10, 13 sequence, South Pass mouth, 151 features, large-scale, 273 deformation in salt mines, 35 Deposito (member of Nanchital Con­ fold(s), 240 of basalt, 37 glomerate), 248 linear, 155 of competent beds, 11 depression, 218 diapiric growth, initiated by tension, of Parry Islands fold belt, 187 depressions, topographic, over domes, 5 deformational effect, 24 97 intrusion, Cantabrian basin, 300 Del Puerto piercement, 235 depth, density-, relationship, 58 Punta Alegre salt stock, 346 delta, Mississippi, formation of, 145 plot of sand velocity vs., 126 of clays, 145 mudlumps in, 54, 146 plot of shale velocity vs., 126 intrusive features, 147 Delta, Mississippi, Sediments, shale density-, relationship, 22, 23, mass, bilobate, 350 Mudlumps: Diapiric Struc­ 24 dips within, 137 t u r e s i n , 145-161 ultimate strength vs., 42 masses, 122 delta-front deposits, South Pass, 152, depth of burial, rate and, 102 source of, 189 155 -temperature curve, 36 of serpentine and Franciscan deltaic depositional processes, 158 vs. porosity, plot of, 130 rocks, 231 progradation, 155 desiccation cracks, 167 material, 3, 345 sequences, ancient, 161 in Gueydan mudflow rocks, 177 density of, 5 Demanda Mountains, 293 detrital materials, 84, 152 equivalent velocity of, 3 Denison Range, 302 Devils Tower National Monument, 19 evaporitic and nonevaporitic, 2 density, 8, 53, 122, 127 Devon Island, 186 plastic movement of, 164 average, of salt dome, 22 Devonian evaporite basin, western thickness of, 5 low, 3, 123 Canada, 207 viscosity of, 5 low-, material, 11 diabase, inclusions of, 203 nature of Blinman dome, 307 low, of eugeosynclinal sediments, intrusive, 228, 239 of magmatic intrusions, 1 228 masses of, 191 salt domes in Germany, 1 of serpentine, 228 diabase blocks, 209 in Middle East, 1 overburden, 13, 26 dikes, 187 in United States Gulf Coast, 1 salt, vs. temperature, 35 Diablan orogeny, 232 salt structures, 99, 116 sediment, salt-, contrast, 23, 24 Diablo, Mount, east side, 230 serpentine mass, 162 shale, -depth, relationship, 22, 23, Diablo antiform, 231 shale, 138, 168 24 Diablo Range, California, Dia­ D iapiric Shale, Electric-Log Char­ density contrast, 13, 121, 128, 273 piric Structures in, 228-243 acteristics of, 137-144 -depth relationship, 58 Diablo Range, general geology, 229 diapiric shale, resistivity log and dip­ differential, 10, .15, 99, 109, 120, geologic map, 230 meter curves in, 138 188 structural history, 231 Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast, model ratio of, 13, 14 diagrams, petrofabric, of halite, 95, 137 instabilities, 11 96, 97 structure(s), 1, 10, 11, 15, 154, 273 of diapiric material, 5 phase, 36 Amadeus basin, 301, 313 of Franciscan Formation, 234 diamond pipes, 16, 28, 32 development of, 2, 9, 15 of graywacke, 234 Diapeirein, 1 distribution of, 4, 7 of miogeosynclinal rocks, 234 diapir, 55 (see also diapirs) economic importance of, 1 of natural salts, 56 Expedition, 198, 203 emergent, 305 of overburden, 5, 57 Diapir, Iza, An Unusual, in emplacement of, 240 of rock salt, 56 N orthern Spain, 293-300 gas in, 1 of salt, 31 diapir, Junction, 198, 202, 204 Gosses Bluff, 301 of serpentine, 235 Mokka Fiord, 199 Goyder Pass, 301 of shelf-facies rocks, 234 origin of term, 1 important for nuclear testing, 1 of sodium chloride, 34 diapir breccia, 291 important for underground stor­ of strata, 25 complex, San Adrian, 350 age, 1 of ultramafic rock, 235 Matanzas Province, 328 Isla de Turiguano, 321 reversals, 57, 58 erosion, phases of, 309, 312 major sources of oil, gas, sulfur, values, 129 growth and sedimentation, 309 salt, and potash, 9 of shale, 137 movement, 309, 312 oil in, 1 dependence, stress, 66, 68 phases of, 301 origin of, 5, 240 depocenter, Gulf Coast, 167 stage, 264 potash in, 1 deposition, 18 diapiric anticlines, 5 Punta Alegre, 321 axis of, 295 breccia, 307 salt in, 1 growth simultaneous with, 44 character of salt, 53 Sigsbee Knolls, 355 halite, 18 clastic rocks, 162 sulfur in, 1 rapid, 145 contacts, San Adrian Formation, 28 tabulation of, 6 deposition-from-solution period, 120 core(s), 188 trends of, 293, 301

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 DIA-DIP INDEX 421 (diapiric structure(s)) (diapirs) diastrophic activity, lower Gulf coast­ Woolnough Hills, 301 composition of, 2 al plain, 179 Diapiric Structures and Late Pre- Cuban, previous studies, 317 diastrophism, 167, 226, 232, 341 cam brian-Early Cambrian Sed­ distribution of, 202, 275, 290 Pyrenean, 293 imentation in Flinders domical, 4 Dickinson’s curve, 31 Ranges, South A ustralia, 301- diapirs, economic importance of, 9 Dictyoclostus sp., 191 314 emplacement of, 232, 239 differential, density, 10, 15, 99, 109, diapiric structures generated by grav­ evaporite, 4, 315 120 itational instability, 5 inclusions in, 321 model ratio of, 13, 14 Diapiric Structures in Central possible, Camaguey Province, 352 geostatic load, 16, 24, 42 C u b a , 315-357 structural characteristics of, 344 gravity, 22 Diapiric Structures in Diablo fault, 4 load, 20, 26, 50 Range, California, 228-243 Flinders Ranges, 307, 313 specific-gravity, 159 Diapiric Structures in M ississippi Gueydan, 171 strain-rate, 94 D elta Sediments, M udlumps:, heterogeneous, 2 stress, 39 '145-161 homogeneous, 2 weight, 16, 273 diapiric structures of Zagros Range, hourglass shape of, 287 differential compaction, 27, 28, 49, 51, 8 ice, 4 215, 227 trends, Flinders Ranges, 308 incipient, 300 flowage, 84 upward growth of salt, 274 intrusion of, 315 effect on hydrocarbons, 109 diapirism, 13, 15, 18, 183 major sources of oil, gas, sulfur, hydrostatic pressure, 23, 24 catastrophic courses, 287 salt, and potash, 9 load, 159 definition of, 2 Diapirs, Model, Plasticity, and loading, 15, 46, 154, 308 economic importance of, 9 T e n s i o n , 10-15 movement(s), 98, 353 epoch of, 300 diapirs, model studies of, 5 of salt, 88 importance of heat in, 37 morphology of, 4 of spines and lobes, 8 ,90 important in engineering, 9 movement of fluids in strata adja­ differential overburden pressure, 168 origin of term, 1 cent to, 283 overloading, 179 Diapirism:, Salt, Importance of Diapirs, Mud, Exposed Middle plastic flow, 47 Temperature, and Energy Tertiary, and Related Fea­ pressure(s), 20, 25, 58, 215, 225, Source of Emplacement, 16-52 tures in South Texas, 162-182 262 diapirism, initiation of, 307, 314 diapirs, nonapical, 205 purification by movement, 79 modification of fold pattern by, 308 nonorogenic, 5 sedimentation, 79 peat, time of, 271 orogenic, 5 strain hardening, 89 rate and timing of, 283 Diapirs, Peat, Recent, in The stress, 56, 60, 67, 69 salt, 342, 357 N etherlands: A C o m p a r is o n uplift, 90, 94 mechanics of, 21 w ith Gulf Coast Salt Struc­ of basement blocks, 307 temperatures of, 33, 38 t u r e s , 271-274 diffusion, self-, 66 sequence of, in an evaporite basin, diapirs, peat, small-scale, 271 diffusion of nitrogen, 70 42 potash, 46 dike, anhydrite, Axel Heiberg Island, shallow-seated, 179 relation to Early Cambrian hinge 212 small-scale, 50 lines, 311 ring-, complex, 28 stages of, Anoz diapir, 289 rise of, 261 sandstone, 171 Diapirism, Survey of Diapirs and, root of, 287 petroliferous (?), 171 1-9 salt, Amadeus basin, 3 dike-like body, 235 diapirism, types of, 2 cluster of, 110 gabbro masses, 198 youngest, Flinders Ranges, 311 Cuanza basin, Angola, 8 tongues, 301 Diapirism and Diapirs, Indexed geometry and patterns of, 100 zone, 89 Bibliography of, 358-414 Gulf basin, 99 dike swarms, 171 diapirism in Adelaide geosyncline, 307 times of growth of, 99 dike(s), asphaltic, 283 “diapirism in reverse,” 3 typical, 19 clastic, 162, 164, 171 diapirism outside Adelaide geosyn­ serpentine, emplaced at low tem­ diabase, 187 cline, 313 perature, 2 emplacement of, 209 sensu lato, 1, 2 shale, 16, 138 gabbro, 187 'sensu stricto, 1, 2 surface expression of, 280 pegmatite, 321 diapirs (see also diapir) tectonic history of, 315 radial, 32 active, 345 Diapirs and Diapirism, Survey of, ring, 32, 196 alignment of, 291 1-9 Ardnamurchan, Scotland, 33 anticlinal, 4 diapirs and erratics, exposed, South sandstone, Rocky Mountains, 15 argillaceous, 4 Texas, 163 dikes and plugs, mafic igneous, 199 asphalt, 15 in Mediterranean Sea, 18 associated with volcanoes, 32 Cantabrian area, 296 in southern Mexico, 119 dilation, area of, 12, 15 chimney-type, 293 Diapirs in W estern Pyrenees and dip data, resistivity log and, 141, 142, clay, 3 Foreland, Spain, 275-292 143 growth of, 9 diapirs of Axel Heiberg Island, 4 of reverse faults, 154 in Molucca and Caspian Seas, 4 s.s., 1 of salt face, 256 clustered, 102 diastem (s), 152, 277, 282, 291 dipmeter curves, diapiric shale, 138

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 422 INDEX DIP-ELA (dipmeter) (dome) (domes, salt) survey, highly pressured shale, 138 Kalat, 57 Spain, 18 dips, flat, 87 Lake Barre, 105 U.S.S.R., 18 pattern of, Upheaval dome, 220 Mount Toondina, 313 Rumanian, 17 dips within diapiric mass, 137 Palangana, 80 Russian, 17 within shale bodies, 144 Rabon Grande, 111 shape of, 18 direction, crystallographic, 39 Sierra del Fraile, 108 single-, type of salt domes, 256 direction of slip, 63 Tatum, 90, 97 structures associated with, 103 directions, glide, 93 Tigres Changos, 111 topographic depressions over, 97 discontinuities, veloicty, 89 Timbalier Bay, 104, 105 volume of salt in, 18 discontinuity, lines of, 91 Dome, Upheaval, A Possible Salt domes in Ringnes Islands, 189 Mohorovicic, 52, 239 Dome in Paradox Basin, U tah, in Sverdrup basin, 212, 207 discordance, angular, 232 215-227 on Axel Heiberg Island, 197 Pennsylvanian-Permian contact, dome, Upheaval, origin of, 215 on Sabine Peninsula, 196 187 Valentine, 114 with diapiric cores, 307 dislocation, structural, 213 Varangeville, 72 under Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, dislocation climb, 65 Van, 113 10 loop, 64 Weeks Island, 96 domical diapirs, 4 source, activation of, 65 Winnfield, 94, 115 doming, 16, 42, 44, 50, 51, 226 theory, 70 water in, 71 of overlying strata, 5 dislocations, 63 dome-with-graben faulting, 111 Dos Hermanos Hills, 175 “avalanches” of, 64 domes (see also dome) downbuilding, 9, 17, 120, 121 edge, 63 Algerian, salt-water springs isostatic, 55 motion of, 65 In, 71 downdropped block, 26 screw, 63 diameter of, 26 downwarping of Ebro basin, 282 displacement, vertical, 145 Dumbbells, 192 of Gulf Coast area, 44 zone of, 194 formation of, 54 of large basin areas, 52 dissection by erosion, 218 Gulf Coast, age of salt, 38 drag folds, 50, 85 of coastal plain, 187 dry salt in, 71 drape effect, 309 distortion, 154 source of salt, 99 draping of strata, 27, 50 distribution of diapiric salt structures, individual, 244 “drift” paths, 10 Gulf of Mexico basin, 116 (initiation of, 11, 55 droplet, separated-, structure, 101 of Triassic-Jurassic evaporites, intrusive, 15, 56 ductile behavior, 59 Gulf of Mexico basin, 117 morphology of, Isthmian basin, 249 faults, 89 disturbances, endogenic, 167 motivating force for, 212 ductility, salt, 36 exogenic, 167 partial collapse of, 220 ductility and strength, 70 Djelfa, Algeria, salt mountain, 21 piercement, Carboniferous basin, 18 Dumbbells domes, 192 D’Lo salt dome, 108, 109 'Ringnes Islands, 188 dykes, ring, 28 domal features, 222 tectonic history of, 205 dynamic similitude, 56 growth, 109 domes, relict, 109 viscosity, 14 masses, 122, 124 residual, 109 dynamics, salt-dome, 41 piercement structures, origin of, rim, 5, 109 dynamothermal metamorphism, 333 188 salt, Arabia, 18 plug, 84 artesian origin of, 17 E structure, breached, 215 Australia, 18 earthquake epicenters, 346 structures, 100, 183 Canadian Arctic, 18 earthquakes in lower Gulf coastal dome (see also domes) Chile, 18 plain, 179 Bay Marchand, 104, 105 Cuba, 18 East Texas basin, 44 Belle Isle, 104, 105 exploration of, 18 -Louisiana salt province, 167 Boling, 47 formation of, 18 Ebro basin, 275 Caillou Island, 104, 105, 113 France, 18 downwarping of, 282 Clay Creek, 26, 27 Germany, 17, 18 River, 293 Cote Blanche Island, 104, 105 growth of, 17 eczeme theory, 53 D ’Lo, 108, 109 Gulf Coast, 16 Ediacara fauna, 304 El Plan, 113 Domes, Salt, G ulf Coast, Internal Edwards plateau, 168 Eugene Island Block 110, 105 Structure and Petrofabrics of, Egypt, clay glaciers in, 4 'Grand Saline, 56, 92, 93, 94 90-98 El Dorado dome, 256 creep in tunnel openings, 77 domes, salt, Gulf Coast, internal El Plan dome, 113, 256 petrofabric study, 92 structure of, 79 field, cross section and structure, 91 location of, 80 contour map, 257 Gueydan, 112 Gulf Coast region, 90 Formation, 329 Hawkins, 27, 28 Gulf of Mexico, 17 El Rosario dome, 256 Heidelberg, 113 individual, 254 elastic deformation, instantaneous, 60 Hockley, 47, 49, 97 intrusion of, 17 limit, 55 Isachsen, 184 Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 17 optical, 72 dome, Jefferson Island, cap rock, 114 North Sea, 18 elastic limit of salt, 38, 39 Jose Colomo, 111 overhanging, 87 elasticity, shear modulus of, 60

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 ELA-FAC INDEX 423 Elatina Formation, 305 equivalent viscosity, 3, 53, 58 (evaporite) Electric-Log Characteristics of effect of temperature on, 68 'facies, 330 Diapiric Shale, 137-144 estimation of, 78 precipitation at oceanic depths, 356 electromagnetic phenomena, 12 reduction of, 71 -redbed sequence, Jurassic, 315 elements, Maxwell, 62 equivalent viscosity of diapiric ridges, 205 Elk Point evaporite basin, 18, 206 material, 3 sequence, 119, 183, 323 Ellef Ringnes Island, 184 of gypsum, 71 swells, 213 depth to basement, 188 of halite, 72 evaporites, 3, 103 Isachsen dome, 190 of salt, 60 age of, 193, 316 Ellesmere Island, 183, 186 erosion, 158, 167 Cayo Coco area, 336 outcrops of Permian gypsum, 208 contemporaneous, of cores, 311 diapiric, 318 photogeologic map, 208 dissection by, 218 Triassic-Jurassic, distribution of, stratigraphic section, 210-211 postorogenic, 213 117 elongate prisms, 109 unloading by, 239 Zechstein, deposition of, 261 elongation, 198 wave, 145 evaporitic and nonevaporitic diapiric preferred vertical, of halite erosion by running water, 218 materials, 2 crystals, 109 surface, Tertiary, 187 breccia, 321 emergence, postglacial, 187 erosional remnant, 227 exfoliation of salt, 89 emergent diapiric structures, 305 erratic blocks, 166, 167, 168 exhaustion theories of creep, 65 emplacement, 27 boulders, 166 exogenic disturbances, 167 endogenetic, 307 igneous blocks and boulders, 162 exotic blocks, 315, 326 Emplacement, Energy Sources of, orthoquartzite blocks, 173 clasts in Eocene deposits, 321 Salt Diapirism: Im portance of erratics, 309 expansion, thermal, 24 Tem perature, and, 16-52 exposed, 163 of NaCl, coefficient of, 33 emplacement, Ut-par-lit, 212 float, 194 Expedition diapir, 198, 203 physical, 2 Loma Alta, 176 Fiord, 199 emplacement by assimilation, 2 transporting medium for, 176 experiment simulating salt-dome struc­ by magmatic stoping, 2 eruption, explosive, 167 ture, 108 of diapiric structures, 240 “eruptive and geyser-like” behavior experimental results, 71 of diapirs, 232, 239 of salt, 1, 53 experiments, extrusion, 54, 71 of dikes, 209 eruptive force, 17 model, 10, 28 of igneous intrusions, 52 Estella diapir, lineations, 290 materials and methods for, 11 of igneous masses, 16 area, 286 working hypothesis for, 11 of piercements, 228 etch, water-, line, 96 triaxial, 54 of stocks, 90 etch-pit method, 65 experiments at high temperature and en echelon asphalt ridges, 15 etching, 70 high pressure, 34 faults, 155, 156 Etzel salt stock, 263 on salt-dome models, 25 grabens, 14 Eugene Island Area, Block 198 field, exploration, gas, 275 Encanto dome, 255 140, 142 Iza diapir, 296 Formation, 248 Block 110 dome, 105 oil, 9, 18, 244, 275 endogenetic emplacement, 307 eugeosynclinal facies, 187, 333 petroleum, 18, 244, 261 disturbances, 167 Franciscan Formation, 228, 229 sulfur, 244 energy, activation, 60 prism, 239 Exposed M iddle Tertiary Mud Dia­ -temperature curves, 66 rocks, 200, 304 pirs and Related Features in buoyant, 51 sediments, low density of, 228 South Texas, 162-182 driving, 42, 51 eugeosyncline, 316 External Structure of Salt explosive, 162 ensimatic, 333 Domes, Relationship of In­ potential, gravitational, 52 oceanic floor of, 333 ternal to, 79-89 seismic-, transmission, velocity Eureka Sound fold belt, 183, 205 extrusion channel, shape of, 287 of, 122 economic potential, 214 experiments, 54, 71 source of, for salt movement, 273 evaporite ridges, 205 of basic lavas and pyroclastics, 187 energy impelling flow of salt, 16 nonapical diapirs, 205 extrusion (s), 16 of activation, free, 60 piercement structures, 198, 202 channels of, 164, 171 Energy Source of Emplacement, evaporite, vertical movement of, 194 igneous, 53 Salt Diapirism: Im portance of evaporite basin, Devonian, 207 mud, 168 Tem perature, and, 16-52 Elk Point, 18 rapid, 47 energy source of intrusive masses, 16 Gulf of Mexico, 18 rates of, 180 sources, 179 North Sea-German, 18 solid, of brecciated serpentine, 237 Enorama diapir, 309, 310 sequence of diapirism in, 42 velocity of, 180 dome, 307 cores, 183 extrusive masses, 162 ensimatic eugeosyncline, 333 piercement structures with, 213 ophitic bodies, 277 entropy of activation, 60 deposition, cycles of, 205 Eocene strata, 248 diapirs, 4, 315 F Eocene-Turonian series, 315 inclusions in, 321 fabric patterns, 97 equilibrium, 109 possible, Camaguey Province, 352 facies, carbonate, northern, 330 isostatic, 292 structural characteristics of, 344 facies, eugeosynclinal, 187, 333 unstable, 261 distribution, Jurassic, 352 evaporite, 330

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 424 INDEX FAC-FLO (facies) (faulting) Flinders Ranges, cross section, 303 median-welt, 333 multiple-offset, 110 geologic map, 303 miogeosynclinal, 357 normal, 15, 110 geologic setting, 302 northern, Cuba, 319 peripheral, 111 Flinders Ranges, South A ustralia, platform, 336 postdepositional, 27, 31 Diapiric Structures and Late southern, Cuba, 319 radial, example of, 111, 112 Precambrian-Early Cambrian volcanic, southern, 330 recurrent, growth by, 44 Sedim entation in, 301-314 facies belts, 339 reverse, 111, 145, 153, 231 Flinders Ranges, diapiric trends, 308 changes, 305, 311, 340 multiple, 157, 158 diapirs, erosion intervals, 312, zones, offset of, 353 simple-offset, 110 313 'Portlandian-Maestrichtian, 330 tangential, 111 origin and nature of, 307 structural, central Cuba, 332 tensional, 156 Precambrian-Cambrian rock failure, incompetent, 50 thrust, 111, 159, 231, 240, 241 units, 308 Families, Salt-Stock, in N orth­ wrench, 341, 354 stratigraphic table, 303 western Germany, 261-270 faulting of overlying strata, 5 tectonics and deposition, 305 families, salt-stock, 262, 263 faults (see also fault) thickness variation, 304 family, salt-stock, characteristic part bedding-plane, 89 youngest diapirism in, 311 of, 264 circular, 89 float block of limestone, 197 cross section of, 267 concentric, 282 erratics, 194 development, 261, 264, 270 deep-seated, 162, 168 Florencia Wildflysch, 340 paleogeologic map, 266 'ductile, 89 Florida carbonate platforms, 99 fault {see also faults) en echelon, 155, 156 flow, 123 Boundary, 231 growth, 167 ability of salt to, 53 Calaveras-Sunol, 231 hydrocarbon migration along, 172 fluid, 162 Hayward, 231 normal, 231, 288 fluid-like, 21 La Trocha, 341, 349 down-to-the-basin, 271 gravity, 20 Whitsunday Bay thrust, 202 in model sediments, 10 hydrodynamic, 47 fault classification, 111 overthrust, 213 “flow, k,” 60 diapirs, 4 peripheral, dip of, 281 flow, lateral, 51 patterns, 15, 110 radial, 155, 282 mechanics of, 19 compaction, down-to-the-coast, 27 reverse, 155, 340 plastic, 12, 20, 25, 35, 39, 40, 46 Gulf Coast, 27 beds surrounding, 282 differential, 47 radial, 18, 50 dip of, 154 hydrodynamic, 50 graben, 50 slickensided, 89 of rock salt, 38 plane, 89 strike-slip, 231 of salt, 17, 226 relationships, 27, 31 subsurface, 15 subcrustal, 44 slivers, 335, 343 surface, 15 steady-state, 59 surfaces, slickensided, 157 thrust, 202, 271 transient, 59 fault system, basement, 301 up-to-the-basin, 121 upward, 80 Cauto-Bartlett, 342 vertical, 239 viscous, 62 Mexia-Talco-Arkansas-Pickens- wrench, 340, 350 flow breccia, nuee ardente, 339 Gilbertown, 116, 119 movements on, 342 layers, 85 San Cristobal-Coban, 119 faults and fractures, 89 “flow” of Lower Peat, 272 Santa Elena, 119 in overburden, 92 flow of salt, 16 troughs, regional, 120 fauna, continental-shelf, 158 gravitational, 54 zone, 280 Ediacara, 304 lateral or radial, energy Cauto, 337 marine, 152 impelling, 16 Mirando-Provident City, 168 Favreina joukowskii, 326 wave-front-like, 261 oil and gas fields along, 179 fenster, 320, 329, 336, 343 “flow” pattern of gypsum bands, 351 Punta Alegre, 345 field(s), geomagnetic, 195 flow structures, 202 San Andreas, 229 gravity, 24 internal, 19 strike, 121 oil, Reitbrook, 27, 29, 30 flow structures in mudflows, 166 strike-slip, 316 stress, 10 surfaces in shale, 139 faulted anticlinorium, 228 regional, 26, 27 flowage, 11, 15, 21 strata, 218 tensional, 11 differential, 84 ■ of Turret Rock, 223 tension, 11 effect on hydrocarbons, 109 faulting, 99, 110, 121, 154, 220, 22S, Filisola Formation, 249 folding by, 79 306, 311, 320 Fisher Valley, 223 lateral, 308 'basement, 8 fissures in oceanic crust, 26 peat, 271 compound-offset, 111 Flevoland (southeastern) Polder, 271 salt, 215 ' contemporaneous, 27, 31 Flevoland Polder, contour map, 272 flowage bands, 108 deep-seated, 179 lithostratigraphic column, 273 fold, 86 dome-with-graben, 111 stratigraphic sequence, 271 in igneous rocks, 37 down-to-the-basin, 319 flexure folding, 84 in Gulf Coast salt, 84 graben, 28 zone, 280 of clays, lateral, 159 gravity, 15, 110 flexure(s), regional, 121 of peat, 274 multiple, episodes of, 159 strike, 121 of saline materials, 227

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 FLO-GEO INDEX 425 (flowage) (fold(s)) G of salt, 99, 225 isoclinal, 85, 91, 106, 343 gabbro, inclusions of, 203 of strata, 307 primary, 108 gabbro dikes, 187 flows, mud, 122 recumbent, 271 masses, 196 salt, 20 ring, 225 dike-like, 198 submarine, 335 secondary, 108 gabbroic sequence, 333 fluid flow, 162 shear, 5, 94, 108 Gabon, salt plugs in, 18 layer, 50 subsidiary, 108 Gagliano, S. M., James P. Morgan, -like flow, 21 vertical, 79, 108 and James M. Coleman, 145-161 mechanical theory, 30, 120 folds in Grand Saline salt dome, 92, Galicia, salt domes in, 99 pressure, 122, 123, 129 93 Garumnian outcrops, 295 fluids, magmatic, 213 foliation, vertical, 19 gas, 103 movement of, in strata adjacent to Joraminifers, 248, 249, 337 accumulations of, 109 diapirs, 283 force(s), buoying, upward, 120 gas, combustible, flow of, 298 fluorite, 193 compressive, 212 diapirs and diapiric structures, fluviatile deposits, 231 tectonic, 183 major sources of, 9 flysch, 340 eruptive, 17 LP, storage in salt domes, 9 synorogenic, 339 gravitational, 8, 120 natural, naturally ignited, 180 flysch sedimentation, 278 hydrostatic, 17 trip, 123 fold {see also fold(s)) initiating, 121 ultimate recovery, from salt domes fold alignments, 307 motivating, for intrusion, 16, 52 of Louisiana Gulf Coast, 9 axes, 87 orogenic, influence of, 214 gas-agitated water, churning action of, orientation of, 155 plutonic, 17 167 belt, Central Ellesmere, 186 tangential, 8, 183 blowout, high-pressure, 180 Cornwallis, 183, 186 Laramide, 187 -driven migration, 166 discontinuous, 160 tectonic, 17, 55 gas-driven mudflow rocks, typical, 165 Eureka Sound, 183 isostatic uplift versus, 54 gas exploration, 275 piercement structures of, 198, (tangential), 54 fields, Carrizo-Wilcox section, 168 202 foreland, continental, 316 Mirando-Provident City fault Northern Ellesmere, 187 Fortuno syncline, 260 zone, 179 Paleozoic, 302 fossil “glacier,” 21 Stuart City reef trend, 179 Parry Islands, 186 structure, 109 gas-filled mudflows, 162 deformation of, 187 fracture complex, 110 gas from oil-mother rock, 167 pattern, modification by diapirism, pattern, 26 in diapiric structures, 1 308 peripheral (?), 51 pressure, Gulf Coast, 179 structures, complex, 97 radial, 51 production of Rumania from salt -trend orientation, 91 trend, 168 domes, 9 trends, arcuate, 307 zones, regional, 102 province, natural, 179 zone, Ouachita, 116 fracture zones in basement rock, 121 prolific, South Texas, 168 folded strata, 218 fractures, artificial, 89 shows, 298 of T urret Rock, 223 circular, 309 vesicles, relict, 162 folding, 46, 106, 153, 198, 228, 306 faults and, 88 gases, sulfurous, in mudflows, 165 anticlinal, 168, 296 natural, 89 gasoclasts, 162, 168 attenuated, 89 sealed-off, 89 in mudflow tuff, 177 complex, 289 tension, 51, 192 geanticlinal granitic ridge, 333 flexure, 84 fracturing, 143, 154 Genesis, Salt-Dome, Review of intensification of, 280 fracturing of shales, 41 M echanical Properties of Salt isoclinal, 85, 320 fragments, igneous, 174 R elating to, 53-78 Paleozoic, belts of, 183 France, salt domes in, 18 geomagnetic field, 195 pattern of, Adelaide geosyncline, Varangeville, dome, 72 geometry, prototype, 14 306 Franciscan Formation, density of, 234 geometry and patterns of salt diapirs, piercement, 168, 308 eugeosynclinal, 229 100 shear, 91 rocks, diapirie masses of, 231 geomorphologic forms, photo inter­ folding by flowage, 79 Frank-Read mechanism, 64 pretation, 175 in Strand Fiord area, 200 Franklin, Operation, 184, 185 Geophysical M ethods, O utlining fold(s), amplitudes of, 160 Franklinian miogeosyncline, 186 Shale Masses by, 122-136 anticlinal, 156 Freeman, P. S., 162—182 geostatic load, 16, 17, 25, 51, 208 asymmetry of, 154 Frio Formation, plastic clay, 168 imbalance in, 16, 50 attenuated, 79 sedimentary inclusions, 24 geostatic load differential, 16, 24, 42 axial planes of, 106 frictional resistance, 86 loading, 183, 188 closed, 94, 106 Frome diapir, 311 overburden pressure, 129 refolded, 94 front, heat, 44 geosynclinal sediments, water-satu­ complex, 79, 91 plastic, 44 rated, 239 diapiric, 240 frost action, 190 troughs, 231 linear, 155 boils, 16 geosyncline, 259 drag, 50, 85 function, sine hyperbolic, 62 Adelaide, 302 flowage, 86 furrows, intrageosynclinal, 333 axial part of, 307

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(geosyncline) (Gould) (Greater Antilles) Cantabrian, 300 183-214 orothogeosyncline, 322 Gulf Coast, 38 Goyder Pass diapiric structure, 301 Greely Fiord area, 188, 189 Mexican, 259 “graben, upside-down,” definition of, Green River, 215 pre-Late Triassic, 321 11 greenstone, 233 Pyrenean, 277 graben fault patterns, 50 Grinnell Peninsula, 187 starved, 336 faulting, 28 growth, domal, 109 Western Pyrenean, 277 dome-with-, 111 rate of, 102 geothermal areas, temperatures in, 38 field, 15 salt-dome, 17, 28, 44 German-North Sea basin, 18, 44, 46 sequence, horst-and-, 11 triggered by temperature, 45 German salt basin, 19 structure, 88 upward, 120 domes, 5, 17 graben (s), 26, 27, 120, 271 growth by recurrent faulting, 44 major source of potash, 9 cone-shaped, 309 faults, 167 walls, 46 cn echelon, 14 of salt diapirs, times of, 99 Germanic facies, classic, 295 formation of, 10, 14 simultaneous with deposition, 44 germanotype middle Keuper, 275 localizing and initiating influence Guatemala, Todos Santos Formation, Germany, diapiric salt domes in, 1 of, 11 329 early salt work in, 54 graded bedding, 91, 106 Gueydan diapirs, 171 Hallstatt mines, 75 gradient, pressure, 16 dome, 112 hydrocarbons in salt domes of, 9 grading, reversals of, 91 (Catahoula) Formation, 162, 168 northern, salt domes in, 18 grain-size effect, 73 Formation, lithology of, 170 salt structures of, 17 Grand Saline salt dome, 41, 56, 91 source of mudflow materials, 181 northwestern, directions of creep in tunnel openings, 77 stratigraphy of, 170 salt migration, 269 folds in, 92, 93, 94 mudflow rocks, 175, 176, 177 petroleum exploration, 261 giant salt crystals in, 106 Giiines Formation 342 Germany, Northwestern, Salt- petrofabric study, 92 Limestone, 317 Stock Fam ilies in, 261-270 structure, 91 Gulf Coast, gas pressure, 179 Germany, northwestern, salt-stock Grand Saline salt mine, 75, 88, 95 geology of, 18 families, 263 granite batholiths, 16 hydrocarbons in salt domes of, 9 oil production, from salt domes, 9 massif, 259 hydrocarbons in shale structures Reitbrook oil field, 27, 29, 30 gravel bars, 208 of, 9 salt domes, 54 gravitational flow of salt, 54 mother bed in, 4 pillows, 4 forces, 8, 120 salt domes of, 1, 2, 4, 16 plugs, 4 inequilibrium, 99, 120 salt pillows in, 4 structures, 2 instability, 8, 55, 56 salt plugs in, 4 W erra basin, 46 diapiric structures generated by, seismic profiles in, 24 Wienhausen salt dome, 22 5 serpentine pipes in, 38 Zechstein basin, salt structure, 101, gravitational-instability structures, 3 shale, diapiric, 137 102 gravitational potential energy, 52 shale structures in, 9 “geyser-like, eruptive and,” behavior gravity, acceleration of, model ratio Gulf Coast basin, 44 of salt, 53 of, 14 rate of sediment deposition, 167 Gilreath, J. A., 137-144 flow of salt by, 16 depocenter, 167 girdle of upturned beds, 196 influence of, 17 domes, dry salt in, 71 Giron Formation, 329 specific, of salt, 31 source of salt in, 99 glacial deposits, Precambrian, 302 gravity anomalies, 116, 207, 281 geosyncline, 38 Sturtian, stoping of, 309 negative, 194, 296 region, 183 “glacier,” fossil, 21 data, Cuba, 353 downwarping of, 44 glaciers, clay, 4 differential, 22 geologic setting, 167 “glaciers,” salt, 4, 20 effect, 128, 129 salt domes in, 54, 90, 274 glaciomarine strata, 305 faulting, 15, 110 saline basins, 356 glaucophane, 229 field(s), 24, 55 salt, age of, 18, 38 glaucophane schist, 233 flow, 20 bromine content of, 80 glide directions, 93 gradient, regional, 347 flowage in, 84 mechanism, 40 low, 309 G ulf Coast Salt Domes, Internal planes, crystal, 92 map, Bouguer, Ship Shoal Area, Structure and Petrofabrics of, decollement on, 354 127, 128 90-98 symmetries, 98 method, 124 Gulf Coast salt domes, formation of, gliding, 93 minimum, 21, 49, 116, 281, 349 17, 29 translation, 41 -minimum trend(s), 319, 323, 346, internal structure of, 5, 79 gliding characteristics, 41 350, 351, 353 location of, 80 gneissic structure, 20 slumping, 167 purity of salt, 79 Goliad(?) sandstone, 173 trends, Bouguer, Cuba, 319 rise of, 44, 45 gossans, 191 Gray's Pasture dome, 226, 227 Gulf Coast Salt Structures, Re­ Gosses Bluff diapiric structure, 301 graywacke, 229, 335 cent Peat Diapirs in The gouge, shale, 122 density of, 234 N etherlands: A C o m p a r is o n gouge zone, 89, 143 Great Artesian basin, 302 w i t h , 271-274 Gould, Don B., and George de Mille, Greater Antilles arc system, 316 Gulf Coast sediments, density-depth

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 GUL-INC INDEX 427 (Gulf Coast) halite, 316, 321 Huizachal Group, 330 relationship, 58 competent beds of, 47 hummocks of scree, 190 shale domes, 5 creep curves for, 73 Hutchinson salt mine, 77 Tertiary rocks, 167 equivalent viscosity of, 72 hydration of anhydrite, 198 Gulf coastal plain, igneous-plug intru­ petrofabric diagrams of, 95, 96, 97 hydraulic pressure, 22, 51 sion in, 15 plastic, 15 hydrocarbon migration along fault, salt-dome region of, 10 plasticity of, 46 172 structural development of, 10 solution of, 326 reservoirs, sedimentary volcanism lower, diastrophic activity in, strained, 38 associated with, 164 179 stress-strain curves for, 72 hydrocarbons, effect of differential earthquakes in, 179 yield stress of, 40 flowage on, 109 Gulf of Biscay, 291 halite core, 207 influx of, 116 Gulf of Mexico, 259 crystals, deformed, 327 sources of, 9 ancestral, 45 linear orientation, 327 hydrocarbons in salt domes, 9 Gulf of Mexico, salt domes in, 17 preferred orientation, 90 trapped by shale mass, 136 Sigsbee Knolls, 356 preferred vertical elongation, 109 hydrodynamic flow, 47 Gulf of Mexico basin, 10, 44 strain hardening, 79 plastic flow, 50 distribution of Triassic-Juras- deposition, 18 hydrogen sulfide, 116 sic evaporites, 117 in Punta Alegre Formation, 324, hydrostatic force, 17 diapiric salt structures, 116 325 pressure, 129 domal and anticlinal structures, Hallstatt mines, Germany, 75 differential, 23, 24 100 halokinesis, 8, 17, 183, 188, 208, 261 stresses, 308 salt, volume and origin of, 119 halokinetic origin of mother salt stock, hydrothermal action, 209, 238, 333 salt diapirs in, 99 270 mineralizing solutions, 283 salt structures and major tec­ process, 268 hyperbolic function, sine, 62 tonic trends, 100 “halo's,’ compaction, 24, 25 Gulf of Mexico Basin, Salt hardening, strain, 41, 64, 70, 86 I Structures of, A R e v i e w , 99- differential, 89 Iberian Meseta, 277 121 of halite crystals, 79 ice age, Sturtian, 305 Gulf of Mexico basin, Triassic litho- work, 16, 35, 39 diapirs, 4 facies distribution, 118 harzburgite, 333 piercements, 16 coastal plain, salt domes and salt Haselgebirge, 283 igneous blocks and boulders, erratic, ridges under, 10 Hassel Formation, 190 162 salt intrusions of, 15 Sound, 196 dikes and plugs, mafic, 199 evaporite basin, 18 Hatten, C. W., and A. A. Meyerhoff, extrusion, 53 Gulf of Mexico-northern Caribbean 315-357 fragments, 174 area, saline basins, 355 Hawaiian volcanoes, 26 intrusion, 16 gullies, 218 Hawker Group, 304, 305 emplacement of, 52 Gussow, William Carruthers, 16-52 Hawkins dome, 27, 28 through salt beds, 222 gypsiferous breccia, 328 Haynesville Formation, salt in, 117 Upheaval dome, 226 siltstone, 275 Hayward fault, 231 intrusive bodies, 221 gypsum, 113, 318, 328 “head” of water column, 26 masses, emplacement of, 16 accessory minerals in, 326 heat, 16 plug, Castle Valley, 222 bedded, 188, 206 importance in diapirism, 37 -plug intrusions, Gulf coastal plain, chaotic, 49 heat front, 44 15 creep curves for, 59 heave, 123 plugs, 28 equivalent viscosities of, 71 Heidelberg dome, 113 igneous province, alkalic, 176 Permian, 208 Hermosa Formation, 215 rock(s), basic, blocks of, 190 piercement, 189 Hernandez Valley quadrangle, 233 flowage in, 37 specific gravity of, 207 Heterostegina zone, 110, 171 inclusions of, 57 viscosity data for, 76 Hicks, W. G., and A. W. Musgrave, injection of, 17 gypsum at Punta Alegre, 317 122-136 intrusive, 235, 300 at Isla de Turiguano, 317 high, topographic, 220 mafic, 193 bands, contortion of, 346 high-pressure zones, 25 volcanism, 164 dips, 347, 351 -temperature creep, 66 ignimbrite, 339 “flow” pattern of, 351 hinge line(s), 301, 311 imbricate structure, 343 clasts, freshness of, 328 depositional, 312 wedges, 343 Gypsum Hill, 317, 321 relation of diapirs to, 311 impulse, geologic, 261 River, 318 Hockley salt dome, 47, 49, 57, 90, 97 'initial, 300 Holland Peat, 271 tectonic, 268 H Honduras, El Plan Formation, 329 inclusions, 103 Habana Formation, 339 Hoodo anticline, 195 pyrite, 165 Group, 339 hornfels, 320 sedimentary, 24 -Matanzas Provinces, ultramafic horst, 11, 111 inclusions in evaporite diapirs, 321 zone, 319 horst-and-graben sequence, 11 in serpentinites, 321 Hackberry-, West, East Hackberry- host rock, 109 of diabase, 203 Big Lake-Sweet Lake ridge, 121 Huayacocotla Formation, 330 of gabbro, 203

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 428 INDEX INC-KEU

(inclusions) (intrusion (s), salt) (I s t h m u s o f T e h u a n t e p e c ) of igneous rock, 57 role of temperature in, 20 PHOLOGY AND ORIGIN OF SALT of Oligocene-Miocene age, 24 temperature of, 41 D o m e s , 244-260 incompetent failure, 50 temperature of salt during, 46 Isthmus of Tehuantepec, oil from salt masses, isostatic adjustment of, 167 intrusive bodies, igneous, 221 domes of, 9 shale, 168, 200 composition of, 16 origin of salt domes of, 259 inequilibrium, 167 intrusive breccia masses, 307 salt domes in, 17 gravitational, 99, 120 clay masses, 145 Ixhuatlan dome, 255 infalls, multiple, 225 column of salt, 254 field, 247 initiating forces, 121 contact, 311, 327 Iza, An U nusual Diapir in N orth­ influence of grabens, 11 diabase, 228 ern Spain, 293-300 initiation of dome(s), 11, 55 diapiric core, 156 Iza diapir area, cross section, 299 of ridges, 11 diapiric features, 145 geology and geography, 293 of salt movement, 99 domes, 15, 56 index map, 298 injection, abyssal, 17 igneous rock, 300 exploration, 296 injection of breccia, 301 masses, 162 of igneous rocks, 17 energy source of, 16 J or extrusion, velocity of, 180 mudlumps, 152 Jackson Formation, 162, 168 mselberg, 318 ridges, 15 Group, 171 insoluble, water-, residues, 57, 103 serpentine, 228 Jacobsen-McGill Arctic Research Ex­ instabilities, density, 11 unit, Bitter Springs Limestone, 313 pedition to Axel Heiberg Island, instability, 10, 41, 58, 145 “inverted teardrops,” 25 184 gravitational, 8, 55, 56 formation of, 40 jadeite, 234 diapiric structures generated Iran, Darbast salt plug, 21 Jaderberg salt stock, 263 by, 5 Kalat dome, 57 Jalpa massif, 245 gravitational-, structures, 3 Qum field, 71 Jaltipan dome, cap rock, 258 instantaneous deformation, 59 salt flows in, 20 reflection cross section, 252 elastic deformation, 60 salt glaciers in, 4 sulfur production, 244, 254 strain, 60 salt plugs in, 18 Jalupa salt dome, 245 intercrystalline cracks, 61 iron sulfide ore, 283 Jarahueca fenster, 320, 329 interdomal articlines, 110 Isachsen dome, 189, 190, 191, 193 oil field, 353 interface, overburden-salt, 54 cross section, 199 Jaronu Formation, 340 interfaces, reflecting, 123 geologic map, 192 Jefferson Island dome, 90 intergrowth of anhydrite grains, 116 interior detail, 194 cap rock, 114 Internal Structure and Petro- Formation, 197 salt mine, 88, 107 fabrics of Gulf Coast Salt island arc complex, 316 jerky creep, 61 D o m e s , 90-98 distribution, South Pass, 149 jetty construction at South and South­ internal structures, 103 islands, mudlump, 145 west Passes, 145 Internal to External Structure Isle of Pines area, 320 Joffee effect, 55, 70 of Salt Domes, Relationship -Trinidad block, 316 Johnson, J. E., and C. R. Dalgarno, o f , 79-89 isoclinal folding, evidence of, 85 301-314 interval velocity, 125 folds, 85, 91, 106 jointing, 277 intruded igneous rocks, 235 parallelism, 85 joints, 89 intrusion of diapirs, 315 isogeotherms, 44 Jones-Lancaster basin, 186 of mudlump clay, 157 isostatic adjustment,of incompetent Jose Colomo dome, 111 of plastic rock, 188 masses, 167 Junction diapir, 198, 202, 204 of salt, 354 downbuilding, 55 Jurassic, Triassic-, strata, 246 of salt domes, 17 effect of sedimentary load, 260 Jurassic evaporite-redbed sequence, of salt plug, 27, 116 equilibrium, 292 315 of ultrabasic magma, 228 load, 300 isopachous map, Spain, 280 of ultramafic bodies, 238 rise, 11 rocks, 217, 277, 330 intrusion(s), cold, 235, 243 of salt columns, 188 diabase, 239 subsidence, 17 K diapiric, age of, 300 uplift versus tectonic forces, 54 “k flow,” 60 of clays, 145 isostasy, 4 Kalat dome, Iran, 57 of Punta Alegre salt stock, 346 isothermal creep curves, 59 Kambing, crater of, Timor, 164 granitic, 341 isotope fractionation studies, sulfur, Kandawri, mud cone of, 164 igneous, 15, 16, 52 49 Kanmantoo trough, 304 through salt beds, 222 Isthmian Saline basin, 352, 355 Kansas, Hutchinson, bedded salt at, 91 magmatic, 1 salt, age of, 249, 355 Hutchinson salt mine, 77 motivating force for, 16, 52 Salt basin, 244 Kayenta Formation, 217 mudlump, initiation of, 159 contour map, 250 Kehwra salt mines, 75 plastic behavior of salt during, 41 geography and limits of, 244 keratophyre, 235 process of, 16 morphology of domes, 249 quartz, 235 rate of, 16, 17, 26, 46, 51 stratigraphy, 245, 246 Keuper, middle, germanotype, 275 requirements for, 50 surface geologic map, 251 Keuper breccia, 283 salt, 15, 16, 256 Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mor- material, plastic, migration of, 291

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 KEU-MAR INDEX 429 (Keuper) (limestone) (Louisiana) pelite, 288 float blocks of, 197 continental-shelf area, clay-shale strata, 295 Solenhofen, creep rate in, 60 structures, 100 kieserite, 46 upthrust masses of, 196 Cote Blanche Island dome, 104, 105 Kimberley, St. Augustine mine, 32 xenoliths of, 108 East Texas-, salt province, 167 kimberlite, 28 limestone blocks, 162 eastern, cross section of, 44 Kimmeridgian, 246 float blocks, 190 Eugene Island Block 110 dome, 105 “klippe,” Sierra de Camajan, 336 limit, elastic, of salt, 38, 39 Gueydan dome, 112 knob, chalcedony, 171 elastic, optical, 72 Jefferson Island salt mine, 107 knobs, silica, 162, 172 yield, 63 Lake Barre dome, 105 Kupfer, Donald H., 79-89 line, water-etch, 96 northern, highest drilled salt, 115 linear dependence, 61 thickness of cap rock, 115 L trends, 209 offshore, domes, 105 La Fe Limestone, 338 linearity, 63 South, highest drilled salt, 114 La Campana oil field, 172 lineation, 108 thickness of cap rock, 114 La Laja (Member of Nanchital Con­ structures, 289 Timbalier Bay dome, 104, 105 glomerate), 248 lineations, Estella diapir, 290 Valentine dome, 114 La Quinta series, 329 lines of discontinuity, 91 Weeks Island salt dome, 82, 83, 96 La Sal Mountains, 220 of weakness, 168 Winnfield dome, 115 La Trocha fault, 341, 349 liquid models, 11 Louisiana Gulf Coast, diapiric shale, La Venta dome, 253, 256 lit-par-lit emplacement, 212 137 field, 253 lithofacies distribution, Triassic, 118 oil and gas from salt domes of, laccolith, ophite, 281 Lithothamnium, 151 9 laccoliths, 16 Little Eagle Hill, 171 Lower Cambrian Series, 304 lagoons, landlocked, 318 silica knob, 174 isomorphic panel diagram, 313 Laguna Nueva dome, 256 Little Rockies, 50 Lower Concepcion Formation, 248 Lake Barre dome, 105 Livermore Gravel, 232 Lower Peat, 271 Lake Frome Group, 306 Llanoria, 259 “flow” of, 272 landslide material, subsurface, 166 load, 244 Ludwik cone test, 72 Laramide, post-, orogenic activity, 342 applied, 62 orthogeosynclinal section, 341 deforming, 155 M pre-, postorthogeosynclinal section, differential, 159 macrofauna, 247, 248 338 geostatic, 16, 17, 25, 51, 208 Madelung-Born theory, 63 Laramide orogene, 341 imbalance in, 16 Maestu diapir, 280, 282 orogeny, 183, 337, 357 isostatic, 300 rim synclines near, 287 postorthogeosynclinal section, 339 sedimentary, 50 Maestrichtian, Portlandian-, facies revolution, 259 static, 159 zones, 330 tangential forces, 187 load casts, 50 Turonian-, section, 247 lateral flow, 51 “giant,” 50 Maestrichtian strata, 300 of salt, energy impelling, 16 differential, 20, 26, 50 mafic volcanic rocks, 275, 307 lattice parameters, 56 geostatic, 16, 24, 42 Magallanes dome, 256 structure, 59 distribution, geostatic, imbalance in, magma, ultrabasic, intrusions of, 228 lava withdrawal, 26 50 magmatic fluids, 213 lava(s), 305 metamorphism, static, 240 intrusions, diapiric nature of, 1 basic, extrusion of, 187 pressure, 261 pressure, 17 pillow, 196, 209, 335 loading, 158 stoping, emplacement by, 2 law, Andrade’s, 73 differential, 15, 46, 154, 308 magnesium salts, 80 creep, 55, 72 geostatic, 183, 188 silicate minerals, 238 lawsonite, 234 lobes, 101 magnetic anomalies, positive, 343 layering, 103 differential movement of, 8, 90 basement rock, 226 salt, diagrams of, 80 individual, 90 data, Cuba, 353 Weeks, Island, 82, 83 localization of structures, 121, 307 high, 240 layers, anhydrite-rich, 91 localizing influence of grabens, 11 -minimum trend(s), 319, 350, 353 banded, 106 logarithmic creep law, 59 zone, 343 flow, 85 Logters, Herbert, and Roland Brink- properties, 220 salt, 91 mann, 275-292 magnetite, 193, 235 leaching, 80 Loma Alta erratics, 176 magnetization, remanent, 195 of salt, 47 loop, dislocation, 64 Malloch dome, 195 lead ore, 283 Los Abanicos dome, 252 mantle, convection currents in, 240 Leche, Laguna de, 318 Los Picachas Hills, 171 exposed, 333 Lechos Rojos, 249 Louann Salt, 84, 99, 117 ultramafic, 228 length, model ratio of, 13, 14 age of, 117, 356 mapping, phantom, 136 ratio of, 10 -W erner sequence, 119 marble, 320 lenses of soluble salts, 80 Louisiana, Bay Marchand dome, 104, Yule, creep of, 67 'Lepidocyclina, 342 105 stress-strain curves for, 68 leptogeosyncline, 336 Belle Isle salt dome, 24, 104, 105 Marchand-Timbalier-Caillou Island limestone, bioclastic, 205 Caillou Island dome, 104, 105, 113 massif, 18

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 430 INDEX MAR-MOD marine regression, 249 meteorite crater, typical, 225 miliolids, 337 Marinoan lateral facies changes, 305 structure, 225 Milk Lagoon, 318 Series, 304 Meteorologist Peninsula dome, 195 Minas Viejas Formation, 108 Markham salt dome, 24 Mettowee slate, 42 mine(s), salt, Avery Island, 89 M artinia sp., 191 Mexia-T alco-Arkansas-Pickens- Belle Isle, 85, 89 M artin’s knob, 172, 173 Gilbertown fault system, 119 creep in, 35 mass wasting, 220 Mexia-Talco fault systems, 116 convergence rates in, 75 m ass(es), depositional, 122 Mexican geosyncline, 259 Grand Saline, 75, 88, 95 diapiric, 122 Mexico, eastern, Huayacocotla For­ Hallstatt, 75 domal, 122, 124 mation, 330 Hutchinson, 77 homogeneous, 123 Huizachal Group, 330 Kehwra, 75 igneous, emplacement of, 16 eastern and southern, clastic-evap- Neustassfurt, 78 model ratio of, 12 oritic sequences, 119 St. Augustine, 32 plastic, 15 Gulf of, 259 Weeks Island, 85, 88, 89, 96 shale, definition of, 122 ancestral, 45 Winnfield, 88, 89, 96 properties of, 122 basin, 10, 44 mineralization, 193 massif, granite, 259 distribution of evaporites, 117 mineralized area, South Dumbbells Jalpa, 245 distribution of diapiric salt dome, 198 Marchand-Timbalier-Caillou structures, 116 zones, 191, 209 Island, 18 salt structures and major tec­ mineralizing solutions, hydrothermal, massifs and stocks, salt, 86 tonic trends, 100 283 Matanzas Province, ultramafic zone, Mexico, Gulf of, Basin, Salt mineralogic zones of cap rock, 114 319 Structures of, A R e v i e w , 99- minima, gravity, 116 diapir complex, 328 121 minimum, stress, local, 92 San Adrian diapir complex, 350 Mexico, Gulf of, basin, Triassic litho- minimum anomalies, 123, 127 Mattox, Richard B., 215-227 facies distribution, 118 Miocene section, petroleum-produc­ Maxwell elements, 62 -•*' 'coastal plain, salt domes and tive, 244, 248 mechanical, fluid, theory, 120 ridges under, 10 miogeosynclinal facies, 357 mechanical properties of salt, 31 salt intrusions of, 15 part of Cuban orthogeosyncline, 335 M echanical Properties of Salt evaporite basin, 18 rocks, 228, 231 Relating to Salt-Dome Gene­ saline basins, 355 density of, 234 sis, Review of, 53-78 salt domes in, 17 miogeosyncline, 316 mechanism, Frank-Read, 64 Sigsbee Knolls, 356 Franklinian, 186 glide, 40 Mexico, hydrocarbons in salt domes Miranda-Trevino basin, 280 triggering, 42 of, 9 Mirando-Provident City fault zone, mechanism of creep, 63 Isthmian Saline basin, 352 168 median welt, 316, 319, 333, 343 northeastern, salt structures, 101 oil and gas fields along, 179 of Cuban orthogeosyncline, 335 northern, Big Bend region, 176 Mississippi, D’Lo dome, 108, 109 Medina basin, 280 Saline basin, salt in, 103, 117 Heidelberg dome, 113 Mediterranean Sea, diapirs in, 18 Sierra de Minas Viejas anticline, highest drilled salt, 115 megascopic structural features, 103 111 Tatum dome, 90, 97 melting point of salt, 31 Sierra del Fraile dome, 108 thickness of cap rock, 115 Melville basin, 186 southern, diapirs in, 119 Mississippi delta, mudlumps in, 54 Island, 186 Todos Santos Formation, 329 South Pass mouth, coring opera­ domes on, 196 southwestern, Jurassic strata, 330 tions, 151 Mereenie Sandstone, 304 Meyerhoff, A. A., and C. W. Hatten, Mississippi delta formation, 145 mesas, distribution of, Upheaval dome, 315-357 M ississippi D elta Sediments, M ud­ 218 mica schist, 245 lumps: Diapiric Structures Mesozoic clastic strata, 183, 205 micas, radiometric age of, 320 i n , 145-161 metals, creep mechanisms of, 63 microcoquina, 340 Mississippi River delta, areas of mud­ creep of, 59 microfauna, 112, 248, 341 lump development, 146 steady-state, 65 diagnostic, 167 mobile blocks, Precambrian, 307 metamorphic, contact-, effects, 238 microsparite, 178 zone, 185 metamorphic effects, 307 mid-Pacific rise, 26 mobility of basement, 307 -igneous continental crust, 321 Middle East, diapiric salt domes in, 1 of serpentine, 237, 243 rock types, 321 salt structures in, 2 Model Diapirs, Plasticity, and rocks, 245 migmatization, 259 T e n s i o n , 10-15 metamorphism, 259, 304 migration, gas-driven, 166 model experiments, 10, 28 contact, 20, 236, 242 hydrocarbon, along fault, 172 materials and methods for, 11 dynamothermal, 333 salt, 261 working hypothesis for, 11 load, static, 240 directions of, 269 overburden, 12 post-Franciscan, 232 “wave front” of, 268 ratio, 12 metamorphosed pillow andesite, 233 upward, 227 of acceleration of gravity, 14 metasomatism, 167, 242 migration of plastic Keuper material, of density differential, 13, 14 metavolcanic rocks, 229 291 of length, 13, 14 meteor-impact hypothesis, Upheaval of salt, 17, 20 of mass, 14 dome, 224 centrifugal, 262 of time, 14

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 MOD-NEC INDEX 431 (model ratio) (movement(s)) (mudflow(s)) of viscosity, 14 intermittent, 79 Gueydan, 176, 181 range, 14 internal, 289 desiccation cracks in, 177 model “salt ridge,” 12 multiple, 86 sulfurous gases in, 165 studies, 25 orogenic, 228, 231 texture of, 180 of diapirs, 5 plastic, of diapiric material, 164 tuffaceous, 162, 166, 170 of salt domes, 10 pulsating, 86 gasoclasts in, 177 modeling, salt-dome, 12 recent, 154, 346 viscous, 167 tectonic, 12 salt, 143 mudflow(s) at Chatham Island, 167 m odel(s), asphalt, 12 initiation of, 99 in W est Pakistan, 165 compressional, 15 source of energy for, 273 mudlump (see also mudlumps) dry, 11 simultaneous, 94 mudlump 93, South Pass, 156 liquid, 11 spines of, 89 mudlump 94, South Pass, 158 operation of, 14 steady, 98 mudlump clay, intrusion of, 157 rheological, 62 strike-slip, 316, 343 development, areas of, 146 salt-dome, experiments on, 25 subsequent, 18, 28, 49, 51 distribution, submarine, 149 scale-, theory, 56 tectonic, 268, 305 intrusion, initiation of, 159 simple, basic parameters for, 12 upward, 239, 287 island, formation of, 159 static, 15 of salt, 99, 100, 254 stratigraphy of, 151 viscoelastic, 62 vertical, large-scale, 342 The Castle, 147 modulus of elasticity, shear, 60 of evaporites, 194 islands, 145 Moenkopi Formation, 217 of plastic media, 111 South Pass, 148 ripple marks, 224 wrench, 345, 349 origin and development, 160, 161 Mohorovicic discontinuity, 51, 239 movement(s) of core, upward, 190 structure, 152 Mokka Fiord diapir, 199, 206 of fluids in strata adjacent to dia­ uplift, 147 internal structure, 203 pirs, 283 mudlumps, 3, 4, 122, 145 molar volumes, 57 of saliferous beds, 275 development cycle of, 147 “molasse” sequence, 341 of salt, 357 formation of, 145 -type strata, 342 upward, 260 growth of, 9, 154 Moloacan dome, 255 initial, 273 incipient, 159 Molucca Sea, clay diapirs in, 4 on wrench faults, 342 initial, sites of, 153 monadnock, 227 Mount Diablo, 228, 230, 234, 237, intrusive, 152 Montes Obarenes, 275 238, 239 relation to deltaic depositional pro­ Moron basin, “molasse”-type strata, piercement, 232 cesses, 158 342 -San Francisco Bay, geologic sec­ submarine, 147, 159 Morgan, James P., James M. Cole­ tion, 231 mudlumps 89-90, South Pass, 157 man, and S. M. Gagliano, 145— Mount Hamilton Range, 229 Mudlumps: Diapiric Structures 161 Mount Toondina, 302 in Mississippi Delta Sedi­ Morphology and Origin of Salt dome, 313 m e n t s , 145-161 Domes of Isthm us of Tehuan­ mud, bubbling, Chandragup crater, mudlumps in Mississippi delta, 54 t e p e c , 244-260 165 Muehlberger, William R., and Pa­ morphology of diapirs, 4 viscosity of, 164 tricia S. Clabaugh, 90—98 of domes, 249 viscous, 156 multiple-offset faulting, 110 mother bed, 4, 5 mud basins, 164 M urguia diapir, 280, 290, 291 salt, 84, 109 cone, active, 165 Murray, Grover E., 99-121 thickness of, 56, 119 of Kandawri, 164 Muschelkalk, thinning of, 264 mother salt stock, 261, 262 cones, 156 Muschelkalk blocks, 277, 281 development of, 268, 270 in Baluchistan area, 164 strata, 295 halokinetic origin of, 270 cracks, 225 Musgrave, A. W., and W. G. Hicks, tectonic origin of, 270 Mud Diapirs, Exposed Middle 122-136 motion of dislocations, 65 Tertiary, and Related Fea­ mushroom-like overhang, 87 motivating force for domes, 212 tures in South Texas, 162-182 -type salt stock, 21 for intrusion, 16, 52 mud extrusions, 168 mushrooming, 101, 102 mounds, asphalt, 11 mud flow(s) mudflow(s)) mountain, salt, Djelfa, 21 “mud pots,” 164 N Mountains, Big Horn, 50 mud vents, 155 NaCl, coefficient of thermal expan­ “mountains, depositional,” 14 mud-volcano vents, relict, 162 sion of, 33 Mountains, Saharan Atlas, salt struc­ mud volcanoes, 4, 16, 122, 164, 165, nonuniform creep of, 61 tures along, 53 166, 168, 169 steady-state creep rate of, 69 movement(s), crustal, 213, 232 growth of, 9 Nanchital Conglomerate, 248 decollement, 307 hydrocarbon production from, 9 Nannoconus, 328, 336 diapir, 309, 312 muddy shale, 42 Nansen Sound-Greely Fiord area, 189 phases of, 301 mudflow(s), 122, 164 “ nappes” of the Alps, 89 differential, 98, 353 characteristics of, 175 Navajo Sandstone, 217, 227 of salt, 88 Cretaceous, 167 Navarran diapirs, 296 of spines and lobes, 90 flow structures in, 166 “neck,” 11, 32 purification by, 79 gas-filled, 162 “necking” process, 11

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 432 INDEX NEC-OVE necks, volcanic, 16 (offset) orientation patterns, 98 nephrite, 238 simple-, faulting, 110 orientation(s), fold-trend, 91 Neroly Formation, Diablo Range, 233 offset of facies zones, 353 preferred, 94, 98 nesting, 109 Ogarrio dome, 256 of halite crystals, 90 Netherlands, The, Flevoland (south­ field, 244 systematic, 98 eastern) Polder, 271 oil, 103 Oriente block, south, 316 map of, 272 major sources of, 9 Oriente Province, ultramafic zone, 319 Netherlands, The, Recent Peat salt-dome, exploration for, 9 origin, artesian, of salt domes, 17 D i a p i r s i n — : A Comparison stratigraphic accumulation of, 122 salt-dome, geological evidence on, 18 with Gulf Coast Salt trapping of, 88 volcanic, 54 Structures, 271-274 oil and gas, ultimate recovery, of salt domes, 17 Neuarenberg salt stock, 263 from salt domes of Louisiana origin and development of salt Neustassfurt mine, 78 Gulf Coast, 9 structures, 120 Nevadan orogeny, 232 oil and gas fields, Carrizo-Wilcox origin of cap rock, 47, 116 New Idria piercement, 229, 235 section, 168 of salt, sedimentary, 18 geologic map, 240 Mirando-Provident City of salt, Gulf region, 119 New Idria thrust-fault zone, 242 fault zone, 179 Orinda Formation, 239 New South Wales, 304 Stuart City reef trend, 179 orogene, Laramide, 341 New York, Retsoff, salt from, 72 oil and gas production of Rumania middle Cretaceous, 337 Newtonian law, 41 from salt domes, 9 orogenic activity, post-Laramide, 342 viscosity, 44, 58 Oil Creek Sand, 42 belt, alpine, California, 238 nitrogen, diffusion of, 70 oil exploration, 244, 275 belts, 120 nondeposition, 99 oil field, Bacuranao-Cruz Verde, 353 diapirs, 5 nonevaporitic and evaporitic diapiric Jarahueco, 353 forces, influence of, 214 materials, 2 La Campana, Texas, 172 movements, 228, 231 nonmetallic bodies, creep behavior of, Reitbrook, Germany, 27, 29, 30 paroxysms, 120 63 oil from salt domes of Isthmus of pulse, 243 nonorogenic diapirs, 5 Tehuantepec, 9 spasms, 228 nonuniform creep of NaCl, 61 oil in diapiric structures, 1 orogeny, 8 Nopalapa dome, sulfur production, 256 oil or gas, accumulations of, 109 Alpine, 300 normal faulting, 15, 110 oil production, Germany, from salt Caledonian, 186 faults, 231 domes. 9 Coast Range, 243 in model sediments, 10 Russia, 9, 164 Diablan, 232 normalizing line, 127 oil seeps, 244, 336 Laramide, 183, 337, 357 Norphlet, Smackover-, strata, 117 shows, 298 portorthogeosynclinal section, 339 North Africa, salt tectonics in, 4 stains, live, 298 tangential forces of, 187 North Cornwall dome, 193, 199 test wells, 252 middle Cretaceous, 337, 357 North Dumbbells dome, 193 tests, deep, 252 Nevadan, 232 North Ebro Massif, 293 Oklahoma, Beaver County, Paleozoic, 306 North Sea, exploration for salt-dome bedded salt, 98 Santa Lucian, 232 oil in, 9 petrofabric diagrams of halite, Tertiary, 183 German-, basin, 44, 46 Cimarron Anhydrite, 97 Variscan, 186, 187 -German evaporite basin, 18 western, bedded salt, 90 orthogeosynclinal suite, salt domes in, 18 Oligocene strata, 248 Portlandian-Turonian, 315 Northern Ellesmere fold belt, 187 postorogenic, 327 orthogeosyncline, “classic,” 316 nuclear explosions, underground, salt olivine, 235 Cuban, 333, 357 domes as sites for, 9 Olio diapir, 280 median welt of, 335 nuclear testing, diapiric structures Olio diapir area, 286 Greater Antilles, 322 important for, 1 opal, 235 Portlandian-Turonian, nuce ardente flow breccia, 339 Operation Franklin, 184, 185 paleogeography of, 330 nunataks, 200 ophiolitic suite, 333 rocks of, 330 ophite, 275, 295, 298 orthoquartzite, “Carrizo-type,” 174 O blocks of, 296 orthoquartzite blocks, 162 Oakeshott, Gordon B., 228-243 ophite laccolith, 281 Ouachita-Appalachian structural Obarenes, Montes, 275 ophitic bodies, extrusive, 277 belt, 116 O’Brien, G. D., 1-9 content of diapiric core, 281 Ouachita fold zone, 116 and Jules Braunstein, 358-414 tuff, 277 outflow of salt, 56 oceanic crust, 239-316 optical elastic limit, 72 O utlining Shale Masses by exposed, 333 Oraparinna diapir, 309, 310 Geophysical M ethods, 122-136 fissures in, 26 dome, 307 overburden, 268 oceanic floor of eugeosyncline, 333 Orchard Peak, 229 density of, 5, 57 oceanic-type crust, 38 Ordovician carbonate rocks, 186 faults in, 92 Ocio diapir, 282 salt, 183, 189 model, 12 Officer basin, 304 Orduna diapir, 280, 281 static weight of, 208 Ode, Helmer, 53-78 Orestimba Creek, Diablo Range strength of, 56 offset, compound-, faulting, 111 near, 282 thickness of, 5 multiple-, faulting, 110 Organos, Sierra de los, 338 variations in, 99, 121

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 OVE-PLA INDEX 433 (overburden) (parent) (petrofabrics) viscosity of, 3, 5 vent, 175 and, of G ulf Coast Salt overburden density, 13, 26 Parry Islands fold belt, 186 D o m e s , 90-98 pressure, 16, 36, 123, 129, 179, 291 deformation of, 187 petrographic evidence, 181 differential, 168 Paso Robles Formation, 232, 240 petroleum exploration, 184, 244, 261 geostatic, 129 pattern (s), fabric, 97 possibilities, 214 overburden-salt interface, 54 fault, 15, 110 -productive Miocene section, 244, overburden thickness, 13, 20, 26 graben, 50 248 variations in, 11 Gulf Coast, 27 -reservoir characteristics, 300 overcompensating rise of salt stocks, radial, 50 petroliferous (?) sandstone dike, 171 86 fracture, 26 phantom mapping, 136 overfolds, 87 peripheral(?), 51 phase change, 33 overhang(s), 47, 91, 114 radial, 51 in anhydrite, 37 mushroom-like, 87 orientation, 98 phase diagrams, 36 salt, 287, 349 petrofabric, 41 photo interpretation, geomorphologic origin of, 87 patterns of salt diapirs, 100 forms, 175 overhanging salt domes, 87 Peake Range, 302 photogeologic mapping, 184 masses. 55 Peary Channel, 188 photogrammetric measurement, 184 oversteepening, 231 peat, flowage of, 274 piercement cores, 183 overstep relationships, 187 peat diapirs, small-scale, 271 rocks of the, 233 overthrust faults, 213 relation to large-scale diapiric domes, 18, 188 overthrusting, zone of, 302 features, 273 tectonic history of, 205 overthrusting of rim, 289 Peat Diapirs, Recent, in The folding, 168, 308 overturned beds, 218 N etherlands: A Comparison gypsum, area of, 189 overturning, 154, 228, 231 w ith Gulf Coast Salt piercement of strata, 109 overturning of beds, 190 Structures, 271-274 slivers, 243 peat flowage, 271 structures, domal, origin of, 188 P structures, 271 Eureka Sound fold belt, 198, 202 Pacific, mid-, rise, 26 Pedregal River, 248 Piercem ent Structures in Pailebot dome, 256 salt dome, 247, 256 Canadian A rctic Islands, Paine, William R., 271-274 pegmatite dikes, 321 183-214 Paint Hill, relict mud volcano, 169 pelite, Keuper, 288 piercement structures in western Pajaritos dome, 255 Penacerrada diapir, 281 Sverdrup basin, 189 Pakistan, mud cones, 164 pencil-like aggregates, 109 with evaporite cores, 213 shale or mud ridges, 164 pencils of salt, 90 piercem ent(s), 16, 51, 168, 243 W est, active mud cone, 165 penecontemporaneous deformation, core rock of, 235 bubbling mud, 165 large-scale, 145 culmination of, 228 Chandragup mud volcano, 165 . structural adjustments, 159 Del Puerto, 235 composition of mud volcanoes, penetration of anhydrite, 212 emplacement of, 228 166 Peninsula, Grinnell, 187 ice, 16 mud cone of Kandawri, 164 Pennsylvanian rocks, Ellesmere mechanism of, 8 mudflows in, 165 Island, 210, 211 Mount Diablo, 232 Salt Range of, 46 -Permian contact, angular New Idria, 229, 235 Palangana dome, 80 discordance, 187 salt, 16 Paleocene strata, 248 salt, 215, 217 pillow, salt, 261, 274 paleomagnetic data, 10 strata, 183, 215 pillow lava, 196, 209, 335 paleoslope, 176 Penton Formation, 335 pillow-like units, 203 Paleozoic blocks, 288 peridotite, 235 pillow stage, 56 fold belt, 302 and serpentine sill, 236, 237 structure, 335 folding, belts of, 183 blocks, 235 Pinar del Rio block, northern, 316 orogeny, 306 peridotites, alpine-type, 238 fault, 316 strata, 186 peripheral faulting, 111 pingos, 3, 4, 16 palynomorphs, 249 peripheral(?) fracture pattern, 51 pipe, diamond, 16, 28, 32 Pamplona wells, 296 peripheral sink, primary, 261 pipes, serpentine, 38 Panoche Formation, 240 secondary, 261 pisolitic tuff, 171 Paradox basin, 20, 46 upwarping, 110 Placetas-Camajuani zones, 338 Paradox Basin, U tah, Upheaval permeability, 129 Placetas zone, 331, 335, 340 D o m e , A Possible Salt Dome values, 57 tectonic strike, 343 i n , 215-227 Permian gypsum, 208 structure of, 343 Paradox basin, mother bed in, 4, 5 rocks, 183, 210, 211, 216, 245 planar channels, 164 salt anticlines of, 8, 46 Persian Gulf, salt domes in, 4 plantation, wave, 157 salt structures of, 102 Pertnjara Conglomerate, 304 plane, axial-, cleavage, 91, 94 Paradox Formation, 215 petrofabric diagrams of halite, 95, plane(s), axial, 108 Paraje Solo Formation, 249 96, 97 of folds, 106 parallelism, isoclinal, 85 patterns, 41 crystallographic, 64 parent bed, 11 study, Grand Saline dome, 92 fault, 89 salt ridge, 102 Petrofabrics, Internal Structure glide, crystal, 92

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(plane (s)) (Portlandian) (pre ssure ) shear, 239 -Turonian orthogeosynclinal suite, overburden, 16, 36, 123, 129, 179, slip, 64 315 291 plastic behavior of salt, 41, 274 orthogeosyncline, 330 differential, 168 clay, Frio Formation, 168 sedimentary and volcanic geostatic, 129 cores of Triassic materials, 293 units, Cuba, 332 release of, 167 deformation, 39, 120, 220 postdepositional faulting, 27, 31 static, 159 of salt crystals, 54 post-Franciscan metamorhpism, 232 tangential, 4 flow, 12, 20, 25, 35, 39, 40, 46 postglacial emergence, 187 telluric, 17 differential, 47 rise of the sea, 151, 152 threshold, 20 hydrodynamic, 50 postorogenic erosion, 213 “Pre-Via Blanca Beds,” 335, 338 subcrustal, 44 Oligocene strata, 327 primary folds, 108 plastic flow of rock salt, 38 sedimentary cover, 315 Princess M argaret arch, 199 of salt, 17, 20, 226 postorthogeosynclinal section, Range, 200 plastic front, 44 Laramide orogeny, 339 prism, continental-rise, 240 halite, 15 post-Laramide, 341 prism (s), elongate, 109 Keuper material, 291 pre-Laramide, 338 eugeosynclinal, 239 material, 8, 10, 11, 15, 24 potash, sources of, 9 sedimentary, 232 media, vertical movement of, 111 potash deposits, Saskatchewan, 49 prodelta clay, 145, 152 medium, 50 development, Cane Creek profiles, seismic, Gulf Coast, 24 movement of diapiric material, 164 anticline, 215 progradation, deltaic, 155 plug, 240 diapirs, 46 progradation of South Pass rock, buried wall or ridge of, 293 in diapiric structures, 1 river-mouth bar, 154 intrusion of, 188 salts, 46 prograding of clastic sediments, 167 plastic salt, 16, 17, 51, 261 potassium and magnesium salts, 80 properties, creep, of salt, 56 serpentine, 240 Potrerillos structure, 244 survey of, 58 solid, salt as a, 41 Pound Quartzite of Wilpena Group, Properties, M echanical, of Salt torsion or tension, 60 304, 305 Relating to Salt-Dome Triassic shale, 296 Poza de la Sal, 293 Genesis, Review of, 53-78 plasticity, 3, 15, 16, 30, 121 central ophite, 284-285 properties, physical, of shale mass, auto, hypothesis of, 53 Poza diapir, 277, 280 136 Plasticity, Model Diapirs, and prealpine Cantabrian basin, 295 strength, of salt, 71 T e n s i o n , 10-15 Precambrian basement complex, 215 properties of a shale mass, 122 plasticity, source-bed, 10, 13 glacial deposits, sites of, 302 prototype geometry, 14 plasticity of carnallite and halite, 46 mobile blocks, 307 protruding spines, 101 of salt, 36, 38 rock, tongues of, 186 protrusions, 102 at high temperatures, 46 shield, 186 Provincial Limestone, 338 of serpentine, 243 “pull-apart” structures, 11 sheared, 228 precipitation of anhydrite, 116 pulse, orogenic, 243 plastics, ideal, 44 preferred orientation of anhydrite upward, 228, 242 platform, 316 grains, 194 pulses of movement, 86 facies, 336 of halite crystals, 90 pulverization, 225 platforms, carbonate, Bahamas, 99 preferred orientations, 94, 98 Punjab Salt Range, 18 Playas River, 247 vertical elongation of halite Kehwra salt mines, 75 Pleistocene sand ridge, 271 crystals, 109 Punta Alegre, Barrio de, 322 surface, Flevoland Polder, 272 “Pre-Habana Formation,” 338 gypsum at, 317 plug (s), 5 pre-Pennsylvanian strata, 215 Punta Alegre and San Adrian asphalt, 13, 15 pressure gradient, 16 Formations, one unit, 357 igneous, 28 in shale masses, 129 Punta Alegre diapir, 318, 321, 344 mafic, 199 phenomena caused by sedimentary fault zone, 345 plastic, 240 load, 50 Formation, 321, 327 salt, 18, 21 pressure(s), abnormal, 71, 164 age of, 327 intrusion of, 27, 116 confining, 11, 51, 55, 57 halite in, 324, 325 “uplift” of, 28 confining-, effect, 73 intrusive contact, 327 volcanic, 16 differential, 20, 25, 58, 215 225, 262 type section, 321, 323 plutonic force, 17 effective, 129, 130 Punta Alegre Hills, 321, 345 Pochitoque dome, 255 in shale mass, velocity vs., 130 salt stock, diapiric intrusion, 346 Polar Continental Shelf Project, 185 fluid, 122, 129 Punta Gorda structure, 256 pole, fixed, 10 high, 123 purification, differential, by pollen, cycadophyte, 327 pressure, gas, Gulf Coast, 179 movement, 79 polycrystalline copper, 73 high-, zones, 25 purification process, 80 polyhalite, 46 high, experiments at, 34 purity of Gulf Coast salt- stocks, 79 porosity, 129 hydraulic, 22, 51 Pyrenean, Western, geosyncline, 277 depth vs.,. plot of, 130 hydrostatic, 129 Pyrenean diastrophism, 293 porosity values, 57 differential, 23, 24 geosyncline, 277 Portlandian-Maestrichtian facies load, 261 Pyrenees, Southern, 280 zones, 330 magmatic, 17 uplift of, 300

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Pyrenees, W estern, and Foreland, (Recent Peat Diapirs) residuals of soluble salts, 80 Spain, Diapirs in, 275*292 Structures, 271-274 residue(s), anhydrite, 21 pyrite, 193 recrystallization, 61, 86 water-insoluble, 57, 103 authigenic, 175 partial, 236 residuum, 116 pyrite inclusions, 165 recrystallization of anhydrite, 326 resistance, frictional, 86 pyroclastic material, 168 Red Beds, 246, 249 resistivity, 122, 123 pyroclastics, extrusion of, 187 deposition of, 259 anomalies, 138 pyroxene, 235 Red Beds of Cerro Pelon, 247 log, highly pressured shale, Red Mountain syncline, peridotite 138 and serpentine sill in, 236, 237 resistivity log and dip data, G reducing, sulfate-, bacteria, 116 141, 142, 143 quartz, “floating” grains of, 326 reduction, bacterial, of sulfates, 49 values of shale, 137 quartz crystals, bipyramidal, 296 reef-limestone outcrops, Aptian, 295 grains, idiomorphic, 326 reverse fault, South Pass, 155 keratophyre, 235 reef trend, Stuart City, 168 faulting, 111, 145, 153, 231 monzonite, age of, 320 oil and gas fields, 179 multiple, 157, 158 Queen Elizabeth Islands, reef zone, algal, 152 faults, dip of, 154 Arctic Coast, 183 reefoid carbonate rock, 183 Review of M echanical Qum field, Iran, 71 deposit, 198 Properties of Salt Relating limestone cover, 288 to Salt-Dome Genesis, 53-78 reefs, coral, 277 revolution, Appalachian, 259 R rudistid, 277, 333 rheological models, 62 Rabon Grande dome, 111, 255 reflecting interface, 123 Rico-Cutler formation, 217 radial dikes, 32 reflection, seismic-, mapping, Rico Formation, 216 fault pattern, 18, 50 depth errors in, 133 ridge(s), 218 faulting, 111, 112 reflection amplitude, 134, 135 asphalt, 15 flow of salt, energy impelling, 16 cross section, Jaltipan dome, 252 basement, 322 fracture pattern, 51 cutout, 124, 134 buried, of plastic rock, 293 radioactive wastes, disposal of, 75 -seismic method, 123 granitic, geanticlinal, 333 storage of, 75 seismology, 252 initiation of, 11 radiocarbon datings, 152 reflux action, 205 intrusive, 15 radiolarite, 335 refolded closed fold, 94 irregular, 121 Ran el Melah salt structure, 53 refolding, 84 salt, 18, 87, 274 “rate, constant-strain-,” tests, 61, 67 refraction, seismic, 130 model, 12 rate(s), convergence, in salt mines, refraction exploration, 252 parent, 102 75 profile of depositional shale mass, under Gulf of Mexico coastal creep, 35, 40, 62, 77 132 plain, 10 constant, 60 of diapiric shale mass, 132 sand, Pleistocene, 271 in Solenhofen limestone, 60 refraction-seismic method, 124 West Hackberry-East Hackberry- of salt, 38, 51 refraction seismology, 249 Big Lake-Sweet Lake, 121 of silver bromide, 69 refractions, first-break, 130 retardation of, 70 regression, marine, 249 rigid salt, 51 steady-state, of NaCl, 69 Reitbrook oil field, Germany, rim, overthrusting of, 289 sedimentation, 147 27, 29, 30 rim anticlines, 110 strain, 62 Relationship of Internal to basin, 109 strain-, differential, 94 External Structure of Salt dome(s), 5, 109 rate and depth of burial, 102 D o m e s , 79-89 syncline(s), 55, 108, 109 -governing process, 65 relaxation spectra, 62 110, 218, 261, 271, 273 of compaction, 16 relict anhydrite structure, 116 lateral shift of, 287 of growth, 102 anticlines, 110 migration of, 282 of intrusion, 16, 17, 26, 46 dome, 109 overlapping, 263 of sedimentation, 28, 86 remanent magnetization, 195 rate and timing of diapirism ratio, model, 12 Remedios Formation, 340 reflected by, 283 of acceleration of gravity, 14 zone, 331, 336, 339, 340 shingle-like arrangement of, 262 of density differential, 13, 14 brittle behavior, 344 Upheaval Canyon, 221 of length, 13, 14 Remedios zone-Moron basin, Zanapa dome, 256 of mass, 14 “molasse”-type strata, 342 rim synclines near Maestu diapir, 287 of time, 14 Remedios zone to Trinidad zone, ring-dike complex, 28 of viscosity, 14 cross section, 334 ring dikes, 32, 33, 196 range, 14 remnant blocks, 308 dykes, 28 raypaths, 130 repetition of stratigraphic units, 153 folds, 225 Read, Frank-, mechanism, 64 Repetto siltstone, 42 Ringnes Islands, domes in, 189 receiver, 133 reservoir, petroleum-, characteristics, piercement domes, 188 Recent beds, 245 300 Rio Grande embayment, 167 geologic events at South Pass, 158 residual anticlines, 110 ripple marks, 224, 225 Recent Peat Diapirs in The diapiric deposits, 326 rise, isostatic, 11 N etherlands: A Comparison dome, 109 mid-Pacific, 26 w ith Gulf Coast Salt gravity map, Ship Shoal Area, 128 overcompensating, of salt stock, 86

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 436 INDEX RIS-SAL rise of diapir, 261 (salt) (salt) of Gulf Coast salt domes, 44, 45 burial of, 51 semiplastic, 54 river-mouth bar, South Pass, competence of, 17 solution of, 116 progradation of, 154 compressibility of, 37 sources of, 9, 99 river-mouth bar deposits, 152 creep properties of, 56 specific gravity of, 31 rock salt, 275 rate of, 34, 38, 51 strength of, 39, 56, 71 artificial, creep data on, 74 salt, density of, 31 ultimate, 16, 40, 43 density of, 56 deposition of, 259 Sverdrup basin, 207 natural, creep data on, 75 diapiric character of, 53 salt, temperature at time of plastic flow of, 38 upward growth of, 274 extrusion, 46 viscosities of, 63, 76 differential movement of, 88 thermal conductivity of, 33 rock salt single crystals, creep in, 61 drilling in, 35 thick beds of, 119 Rockies, Little, 50 dry, Gulf Coast domes, 71 torsion of, 72 Rocky Mountains, sandstone dikes elastic limit of, 38, 39 Triassic, 298 in, 15 equivalent viscosity of, 60 truncation of, 116 rod-like apophyses, 102 “eruptive and geyser-like” upward movement of, 99, 254, 260 stocks, 101 behavior of, 1, 53 push of, 58 root of diapir, 287 exfoliation of, 89 viscosity of, 77 rotation, fulcral point of, 353 salt, flow of, 16 volume of, Gulf region, 119 Rotliegend clastic sediments, 261 gravitational, 54 in a dome, 18 Salt, 268 flowage of, 99, 225 wave-front-like flow of, 261 Rumania, evaporites, 20 Gulf Coast, bromine content, 80 welts of, 291 salt anticlines of, 46 flowage in, 84 Salt, Zechstein, 4, 44, 261 salt domes of, 17, 54 hardness of, 31 salt accumulation, 262 hydrocarbons in, 9 highest drilled, 114, 115 and anhydrite, banded, 106 oil and gas production, 9 insufficient supply of, 102 anticlines, origin of, 225 salt structures in, 2 intrusion of, 354 Paradox basin, 8, 46 rupture, 39, 59 intrusive column of, 254 Rumania, 46 of strata, 109 layering in, 82, 83 salt as a plastic solid, 41 strengths, tensile, 63 leaching of, 47 salt basin, formation of, 259 Russia, Boz Dagh mud volcano, 164 Salt, Louann, 84, 99, 117 German, 19 Caucasus Mountains, erratic rocks, age of, 117 Salt basin, Isthmian, 244 167 salt, melting point of, 31 salt basins of the world, 18 Crimea-Caucasia geologic migrating, trend of, 262 beds, Pennsylvanian, 215 province, mud-volcano migration of, 17, 20 igneous intrusion through, 222 deposits, 165 centrifugal, 262 salt beds of Mesozoic or Cenozoic oil production, 9, 164 mother, 84 age, 119 salt domes, 17 thickness of, 56 casts, 307 hydrocarbons in, 9 motion of, 260 columns, isostatic rise of, 188 movement of, 357 creep in mines, 35 S initial upward, 273 crystals, giant, 91, 106 Sabine Peninsula, domes on, 196 New York, Retsoff, 72 plastic deformation of, 54 saddle, structural, 192 Ordovician, 183, 189 salt density vs. temperature, 35 Saharan Atlas Mountains, salt outflow of, 56 diapir, typical, 19 structures along, 53 overburden-, interface, 54 diapirism, 342, 357 St. Augustine mine, South Africa, 32 salt, Pennsylvanian, 217 Salt Diapirism: Importance of saliferous beds, movement of, 275 physical and mechanical Temperature, and Energy saline basin, Cuban, comparison with properties of, 31 Sources of Emplacement, 16-52 other saline basins, 355 plastic, 16, 17, 51, 261 salt diapirism, mechanics of, 21 Saline basin, Isthmian, 355 plastic behavior of, 17, 41, 226, 274 temperature of, 33, 38 Mexico, salt in, 103, 117 plastic flow of, 20 diapirs, Amadeus basin, 3 saline basins, Gulf Coast, 356 plasticity of, 36, 38 cluster of, 110 Gulf of Mexico-northern at high temperatures, 46 Cuanza basin, 8 Caribbean area, 355 Salt, Review of M echanical density of, 22 Saline Formation, 119 Properties of, Relating to geometry and patterns of, 100 saline materials, flowage of, 227 Salt-Dome Genesis, 53-78 growth of, 99 Salinas de Anana diapir, 280, 288 salt, rigid, 51 Gulf basin, 99 de Oro area, diapirs, 286, 289 rock, 275 salt dome (see also salt domes) dome, sulfur production, 256 artificial, creep data on, 74 Avery Island, 18 salt, 318 density of, 56 Barbers Hill, 21 ability to flow or creep, 53 natural, creep data on, 75 Belle Isle, 24 age of, 18, 24, 38, 244, 248 plastic flow of, 38 Boling, 50 bedded, Oklahoma, 98 viscosities of, 63, 76 D’Lo, 108 western, 90 salt, rock, single crystals, creep in, 61 Grand Saline, 41, 91 Kansas, 91 Salt, Rotliegend, 268 folds in, 92, 93, 94 behavior of, 53 salt, sedimentary, 16 giant salt crystals in, 106 buoyancy of, 20 origin of, 18 Hockley, 57

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 SAL-SAL INDEX 437 (salt dome) salt domes, Gulf Coast, internal (salt mine) Jalupa, 245 structure of, 5, 79 Weeks Island, 96 Markham, 24 Gulf Coast region, 90 Winnfield, 96 Pedregal, 247 Gulf of Mexico, 17 salt mines, convergence rates Weeks Island, 96 Gulf of Mexico coastal in, 75 Wienhausen, 22 plain, 10 deformation in, 35 Winnfield, 41, 94 important for LP gas storage, 9 Kehwra, 75 “salt-dome breccia,” 25 intrusion of, 17 solid creep in, 49 salt-dome dynamics, 41 Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 17 salt mountain, Djelfa, 21 Salt-Dome Genesis, Review of oil from, 9 movement, 143 M echanical Properties of origin of, 259 initiation of, 99 Salt Relating to, 53-78 salt domes, Louisiana Gulf Coast, source of energy for, 273 salt-dome growth, 16, 28, 44, 260 ultimate recovery of oil and gas overhang, 287, 349 triggered by temperature, 45 from, 9 origin of, 87 hypothesis, Upheaval dome, Mexico, hydrocarbons in, 9 pelites, Triassic, cores of, 275 222 model studies of, 10 salt piercements, 16 igneous intrusion hypothesis, North Sea, 18 -pillow formation, 262 Upheaval dome, 226 overhanging, 87 pillow(s), 4, 261, 264 Salt Dome in Paradox Basin, Persian Gulf, 4 plug, Darbast, 21 Utah, Upheaval Dome, A Salt Domes, Relationship of intrusion of, 27, 116 P o s s i b l e , 215-227 Internal to External “uplift” of, 28 salt-dome intrusion, 16 Structure of, 79-89 plugs, 4, 18 modeling, 12 salt domes, rows of, 44 salt production, United States, from models, experiments on, 25 Rumania, 17, 54 salt domes, 9 oil, exploration for, 9 hydrocarbons in, 9 province, East Texas-Louisiana, 167 origin, 18 oil and gas production from, 9 Salt Range, Punjab, 18 region, Gulf coastal plain, 10 Russia, 17 Salt Range of West Pakistan, 46 Veracruz and Tabasco, 119 hydrocarbons in, 9 salt ridge, model, 12 relationships, diagrams of, 49 shape of, 18 parent, 102 structure, experiment simulating, sites for underground nuclear salt-ridge period, 120 108 explosions, 9 salt ridges, 18, 87, 274 tectonics, 16, 17 Spain, 18 salt ridges under Gulf of Mexico trends, 44 U.S.S.R., 18 coastal plain, 10 salt domes (see also salt dome), United States, salt production salt rock, composition of, 103 208, 254, 318 from, 9 salt-sediment density contrast, 23, 24 anhydrite content of, 49 sulfur production from, 9 salt spire, 127 Arabia, 18 volcanic origin of, 17 springs, 275, 318 Arctic Canada, chaotic Salt Domes of Isthm us of salt stock and shale mass, profile of, gypsum in, 49 Tehuantepec, Morphology 124, 125 artesian origin of, 17 and Origin of, 244-260 salt-stock area, 262 Australia, 18 salt domes of single-dome type, 256 families, 263 axes of, 256 salt ductility, 36 Salt-Stock Families in North­ base of, 24 face, dip of, 256 western Germany, 261-270 Canadian Arctic, 18 flowage, 215 salt-stock family, 262 Caspian (Sea) area, internal -flowage period, 120 characteristic part of, 264 structure, 5 flows, 20 cross section of, 267 Chile, 18 “glaciers,” 4, 20 development of, 261, 264, 270 Cuba, 18 salt in diapiric structures, 1 paleogeologic map, 266 salt domes, diapiric, 1 in Haynesville Formation, 117 salt-stock structures, 79 dip of flanks of, 254 ‘ in Saline basin, Mexico, 117 salt stock(s), 79 exploration of, 18 intrusion, 16, 256 Arngast, 263 formation of, 18 Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, 15 diagrammatic development of, 265 France, 18 Isla de Turiguano, 347 elongate, 266 Germany, 17, 18, 54 role of temperature in, 20 Etzel, 263 hydrocarbons in, 9 layering, diagrams of, 80 Gulf Coast, purity of, 79 interiors of, 5 layers, 91 historical development of, 261 oil production from, 9 masses, 244, 254 Jaderberg, 263 potash from, 9 anticlinal, 121 mother, 261, 262 growth of, 17 clusters of, 121 development of, 268, 270 Gulf Coast, 2, 4, 16, 54, 80, 274 isolated, 102 halokinetic origin of, 270 formation of, 17 overhanging, 55 tectonic origin of, 270 genesis of, 29 salt massifs, 86 “mushroom”-type, 21 hydrocarbons in, 9 migration, 261, 269 salt stock(s), Neuarenberg, 263 rise of, 44, 45 “wave front” of, 268 Punta Alegre, diapiric intrusion Salt Domes, G ulf Coast, mine, Grand Saline, 75, 95 of, 346 I n t e r n a l S t r u c t u r e s Hutchinson, Kansas, 77 relations with sediments, 109 a n d P etrofabrics o f , 9 0 -9 8 Jefferson Island, 107 rise of, overcompensating, 86

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 438 INDEX SAL-SER (salt stock(s)) San Francisco Bay-Mount (sedimentary) Scharrel-Zwischenahn, 263 Diablo, geologic section, 231 origin of salt, 18 seismic profiles of, 265 San Joaquin Valley, 228 prisms, 232 single, development of, 261, 263 San Marcos arch, 167 salt, 16 Strackholt, 263 Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad-, thickness, 99 upper parts of, 101 Ranges, breccia north of, 340 volcanic outcrops, 164 salt stratigraphy, 89 sand percentage vs. velocity, volcanism, 162 structure(s), Africa, 2 Ship Shoal Area, 125, 126 sedimentary volcanism associated Arkansas, southern, 101 sand spit, 147 with hydrocarbon reservoirs, 164 development of, 120 South Pass, bore-hole locations, sedimentation, 10, 11, 17, 27, 145 diapiric, 99 150 diapir growth and, 309 Gulf of Mexico basin, 116 sand velocity vs. depth, plot of, 126 differential, 79 formation of, 53 sands, strand-plain, 151 flysch, 278 Germany, 2, 17, 101, 102 sandstone, miogeosynclinal, 228 Sedim entation, Late Precambrian- Grand Saline salt mine, 95 sandstone dike, 171 Early Cambrian, in Flinders Salt Structures, Gulf Coast, Re­ petroliferous(?), 171 Ranges, South A ustralia, cent Peat Diapirs in The sandstone dikes in Rocky Diapiric Structures and, N etherlands: A C o m p a r is o n Mountains, 15 301-314 w i t h , 271-274 Sannemann, D., 261-270 sedimentation, rate of, 28, 86, salt structures, Mexico, northeastern, Santa Ana dome, 256 147, 282 101 Santa Clara Valley, 229 sediments, bar, 145 Middle East, 2 zone, 333, 338, 339, 343 coastal-plain, 10 origin of, 1, 120 basinal fill, 341 composition of, 57 Paradox basin, 102 columnar section, 331 detrital, 84 Ran el Melah, 53 thrusting of, 351 distribution of, 86 Rumania, 2 Santa Clara-zone rocks, thrust Gulf Coast, density-depth Saharan Atlas Mountains, 53 sheets of, 335 relationship, 58 Saline basin, Mexico, 103 Santa Elena fault system, 119 Sediments, M ississippi D elta, shape of, 53 Santa Lucia Mountains, 232 M udlumps: Diapiric Spain, 2 Santa Lucian orogeny, 232 Structures in, 145-161 Weeks Island salt mine, 96 Santa Rosa dome, 255 seeps, oil, 244 Winnfield salt mine, 96 Sappenfield, L. W., and E. R. seismic, reflection-, method, 123 salt structures and major tectonic Schroeder, 293-300 refraction-, method, 124 trends, Gulf of Mexico basin, 100 Saskatchewan, potash deposits seismic anomaly, 298 Salt Structures of Gulf of of, 49 -energy transmission, velocity Mexico Basin—A Review, 99- scale-model theory, 5, 56 of, 122 121 Scandinavian shield, 261 profiles in Gulf Coast, 24 salt swells, 209 scarp(s), buried, 300 of salt stocks, 265 tectonics, 4 erosional, 296 -reflection mapping, depth walls, 18, 44, 46, 101 Scharrel-Zwischenahn salt errors in, 133 longitudinal development of, 268 stock, 263 refraction, 130 water, flows of, 329 Schildkrdtenstruktur, 56 seismology, reflection, 252 -water springs in Algerian domes, schist, garnet-mica, 321 refraction, 249 71 glaucophane, 233 selenite, 191 salt work, early, in Germany, 54 mica, 245 seams, 197 salts, natural, density of, 56 Schist Formation, 320 self-diffusion, 66 potash, 46 Schottky pairs, 33 separated-droplet structure, 101 potassium and magnesium, 80 Schroeder, E. R., and L. W. sequences, clastic-evaporitic, soluble, lenses or residuals of, 80 Sappenfield, 293-300 Mexico, 119 Salskisscn, 56 Scotland, Ardnamurchan, ring evaporite, regional relations San Adrian and Punta Alegre dikes and cone sheets, 33 of, 119 Formations, one unit, 357 scree, hummocks of, 190 sericite, 245 San Adrian diapir, 318, 344 screw dislocations, 63 serpentine, 178, 235 San Adrian diapir complex, sea, postglacial rise of the, 151, 152 brecciated, solid extrusion age of, 351 seal, updip, 122 of, 237 description of, 350 secondary folds, 108 density of, 228, 235 geologic map, 350 sediment density, salt-, contrast, detrital, 232 San Adrian Formation, 328 23, 24 diapiric masses of, 231 age of, 329 deposition, rate of, Gulf intrusive, 228 diapiric contacts, 328 Coast basin, 167 “knocker” of, 237 San Andreas fault system, 231 sedimentary accumulation, 99 mining of, 236 zone, 229 cover, postorogenic, 315 mobility of, 237, 243 San Benito Gravels, 232 history, 5 mushy, 240 Mountain, 229, 235 inclusions, Frio and origin of, 238 San Cayetano Formation, 320 Anahuac, 24 plastic, 240 San Cristobal-Coban fault load, pressure phenomena plasticity of, 243 system, 119 caused by, 50 sheared, as a lubricant, 243

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 SER-SOU INDEX 439 (serpentine) (shale(s)) (silica knob) plasticity of, 228 highly pressured, 137 knobs, 162, 172 ultimate strength of, 37 incompetent, 168, 200, 202 silicified tuff, 173 serpentine bodies, 16 miogeosynclinal, 228 sill(s), 32 depth of, 236 normally pressured, 138 peridotite and serpentine, 236, 237 form of, 236 resistivity values of, 137 upthrust, 196 diapirs of California and sheath of, 168 Silurian carbonate rocks, 186 Yugoslavia, 2 undercompacted, 3 silver bromide, creep rates of, 69 mass, diapiric, 162 shape, spindle, 101 simatic basement, 228, 231 pipes, Gulf Coast, 38 teardrop, 102, 109 similitude, dynamic, 56 “plugs,” 237 shape ambiguity, 124 simple-offset faulting, 110 sill, Red Mountain syncline, of salt structures, 53 sine hyperbolic function, 62 236, 237 shards, ghosts of, 178 sink, peripheral, primary, 261 serpentinite(s), inclusions in, 321 glass, 178 secondary, 261 sheared, 333 sharpstone-limestone conglomerate, slickensided fault surfaces, 157 slickensided, 333 340 faults, 89 “stratigraphic” position of, 333 shattered clays, 158 peridotite blocks, 235 “tongues” of, 354 shattering, 143 slickensides, 192, 288 serpentinites as lubricants shear folding, 91 slip, direction of, 63 during thrusting, 343 folds, 5, 94, 108 slip bands, 64 serpentinization, 240 modulus of elasticity, 60 plane, 64 degrees of, 235 planes, 239 slippage, 192 serpentinized peridotite strength of anhydrite, 213 in a crystal, 64 blocks, 235 zone, 197 slump conglomerate, 305 ultrabasic rock, 166 sheared serpentine, a lubricant, 243 slumped debris, 309 ultramafic rocks, 319 shearing, intense, 240 slumping, 31 Serrucho Formation, 335 sheath, shale, 2, 122, 168 gravity, 167 Seven Sisters area, Texas, 172 sheath of anhydrite, 192 Smackover-Norphlet strata, 117 Shale, Diapiric, Electric-Log sheaths, clay, 112 sodium chloride, 103 C haracteristics of, 137-144 shale, 112 density of, 34 shale bodies, dips within, 144 sheetfloods, 220 “softening” of anhydrite, 213 density-depth relationship, sheets, cone, 32, 33 Soledad field, 254 22, 23, 24 extensive, 51 Hills conglomerate, 180 diapirs, 16, 138 shelf, Stuart, 305 Solenhofen limestone, creep rate in, 60 domes, Gulf Coast, 5 shelf clays, 145 solution, deposition-from-, sources of hydrocarbons, 9 deposit, 151 period, 120 gouge, 122 -facies rocks, density of, 234 solution of salt, 116 mass, definition of, 122 sandstone and shale, 228, 231 table, 116 depositional, 132 shell bed, 152 sound transmission, 122 diapiric, 132 shield, Precambrian, 186 Source, Energy, of Emplacement, hydrocarbons trapped by, 136 Scandinavian, 261 Salt Diapirism: Importance profile of, 124, 125 Shinarump Conglomerate, 217 of Tem perature, and, 16-52 properties of a, 122, 136 Ship Shoal Area, Bouguer “source area,” cross section of velocity vs. effective gravity map, 127 beds in, 84 pressure in, 130 Block 113, configuration source bed, 109 shale masses, geophysical methods for of salt and shale masses, 124 -bed plasticity, 10, 13 outlining, 123 map of, 123 of salt, Gulf Coast domes, 99 Shale Masses, O utlining, By percentage of sand vs. South Africa, Kimberley, St. Geophysical M ethods, 122-136 velocity, 125 Augustine mine, 32 shale masses, pressure in, 129 profile of salt stock and shale South Australia, Flinders Ranges, shale or mud ridges, 164 mass, 125 cross section, 303 shale sheaths, 2, 112, 122, 138 residual gravity map, 128 South A ustralia, Flinders structures, productive of wavefront chart, 125 Ranges, Diapiric Structures hydrocarbons, 9 shoals, 145 and Late Precam brian-Early velocity vs. depth, 126 shoulders, 101 Cambrian Sedimentation in, shale(s), acoustic-velocity values of, siderite, 238 301-314 137 Sierra de Alaiz, 296 South Australia, Flinders Ranges, “baked,” 20 de Cantabria, 275 geologic map, 303 brecciated, 122 de Minas Viejas anticline, 111 stratigraphic table, 303 clay-, structures, 100 del Fraile dome, 108 South Australia, Lower Cambrian cleavages in, 139 Madre, 246 Series, diagram, 313 density values of, 137 Limestone, 247 South Dumbbells dome, 193 diapiric, 137, 138, 168 sigmoidal curve, 61 float block of limestone, 197 resistivity log and dipmeter Sigsbee deep, structures in, 99 mineralized area, 198 curves in, 138 Knolls, diapiric structures, 355 South Fiord dome, 197, 201 shale(s), flow surfaces in, 139 silica knob, Cedro Hill, 174 South Pass, aerial photograph, 147 fracturing of, 41 Little Eagle Hill, 174 coring operations, 151

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 440 INDEX SOU-STR (South Pass) (static) (stress(es)) delta-front deposits, 15S pressure, 159 applied, 61 en echelon faults, 155 “ static weight theory,” 30 axial-, effect, 75 island and submarine mudlump steady-state creep, 68 back, 64 deposition, 149 of metals, 65 compressive, 354 mudlump origin and development, rate of NaCl, 69 tangential, 346 160, 161 steady-state flow, 59 differential, 56, 60, 67, 69 radial fault, 155 stock, diameter of, 51 effects of temperature and, 67 Recent geologic events, 158 salt, “mushroom”-type, 21 hydrostatic, 308 reverse fault, 155 stocks, emplacement of, 90 internal, 41 stratigraphy of, 152 inclined, 102 pre-, surface, 11 structure of, 152 rod-like, 101 regional, 10 The Castle, mudlump island, 147 salt, 79, 86 tangential, 8 South Pass mouth, depositional purity of, 79 stress, tensional, 15 sequence, 151 rise of, overcompensating, 86 regional, 12 mudlump 93, 156 vertical, 102 yield, of halite, 40 mudlump 94, 158 stoping, magmatic, emplacement by, 2 stress and temperature, ranges of, 60 mudlump islands, 148 stoping of Sturtian glacial deposits, stress dependence, 66, 68 mudlumps, 147 309 differential, 39 mudlumps 89-90, 157 storage, LP gas, salt domes field, regional, 26, 27 river-mouth bar, progradation of, important for, 9 tensional, 11 154 underground, in diapiric stress fields, 10 sand spit, bore-hole locations, 150 structures, 1 minimum, local, 92 Southern Pyrenees, 280 storage facilities, 9 stress-strain behavior, 65 Spain, northeastern, geologic of radioactive waste, 75 curve for halite, 72 provinces, 294 Strackholt salt stock, 263 curves, 40 northern, geology and geography, strain, 39 for Yule marble, 68 293 creep, 60 diagram, 44 S p a i n , N o r t h e r n , I z a , A n transient, 68 stresses, compressive, 207 U nusual Diapir in, 293-300 instantaneous, 60 uniaxial, 59 Spain, salt domes in, 18 stress-, behavior, 65 tensional, 28 salt structures in, 2 curve for halite, 72 stretching, thinning of strata by, 52 Western Pyrenees and foreland, curves, 40 striated walls, 89 Bouguer gravity map, 283 for Yule marble, 68 strike, changes in, 96 Spain, W estern Pyrenees and stress-, diagram, 44 tectonic, Placetas zone, 343 Foreland, Diapirs in, 275-292 strain, time-dependent, 53 strike alignment, regional, 121 Spain, Western Pyrenees and vertical direction of, 106 strike-fault zones, 121 foreland, distribution of strain hardening, 41, 64, 70, 86 strike flexures, 121 diapirs, 2 9 0 differential, 89 -slip faults, 231 index map, 2 7 6 strain hardening of halite crystals, 79 movement, 316, 343 isopachous maps, 280, 281, 282 strain rate, 62 structural adjustments, paleogeographic and tectonic “strain-rate, constant-,” penecontemporaneous, 159 history, 275 tests, 61, 67 anomalies, 99, 136 structural history, 287 strain-rate differential, 94 avenues of weakness, 212 specific-gravity differential, 159 strained halite, 38 basins, shallow, belt of, 186 specific gravity of anhydrite, 207 Strand Fiord, 199 belt, Ouachita-Appalachian, 116 of gypsum, 207 area, folding in, 200 benches, 217 of salt, 31 strandline accumulations, 154 blocks, 316 spectra, relaxation, 62 strandlines, 187 structural dislocation, 213 specularite, 193 strand-plain sands, 151 facies zones, central Cuba, 332 spindle shape, 101 stratification, primary, 197 feature, megascopic, 103 spines, 88, 90, 121, 155, 209 stratigraphic accumulation of oil, 122 irregularities, 167 differential movement of, 8 throw, 288 saddle, 192 protruding, 101 units, repetition of, 153 weakness, zones of, 341 spines and lobes, differential stratigraphy, salt, 89 weaknesses, major, 307 movement of, 90 streamfloods, 220 structure(s), anhydrite, relict, 116 spines of movement, 89 Streckungshofe, 289 anticlinal, 84, 100 spinose apophyses, 101 strength, ductility and, 70 bald-cap, 301, 309 Spirifer sp., 191 shear, of anhydrite, 213 chaotic, 189, 343 spreading, sea-floor, 242 tensile, 55, 70 circular, 205 springs, salt-water, in tensile rupture, 63 clay-shale. 100 Algerian domes, 71 ultimate, of salt, 16, 40, 43 closed, 308 squeezing, 164 of serpentine, 37 diapiric, 10, 11, 15, 154, 273 tectonic, 198 vs. depth, 42 development of, 15 stable area, 185 strength of rocks, 17, 56 Structures, Diapiric, in static load, 159 of salt, 16, 39, 40, 43, 56, 71 C entral Cuba, 315-357 models, 15 stress(es), 5, 343 Structures, Diapiric, in

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 STR-TEM INDEX 441 (Structures) submarine mudlumps, 147, 159 T Diablo Range, California, subsidence, 154, 159, 226, 278, 304 Tabasco, Jose Colomo dome, 111 228-243 area of, 291 Veracruz and, salt-dome region, 119 Structures, Diapiric, in basin, 8 talc, 238 M ississippi D elta Sediments, cauldron, 28 Talco, Mexia-, fault systems, 116 M udlumps:, 145-161 isostatic, 17 Tancamichapa Island, 254 structure(s), domal, 100, 183 maximum, locus of, 311 tangential faulting, 111 breached, 215 rates of, 311 forces, 8, 183 elongate, 205 zone of, 277 Laramide, 187 flow, 202 subsidiary folds, 108 pressure, 4 in mudflows, 166 subsurface faults, 15 stress, 8 internal, 19 sulfate-reducing bacteria, 116 Tanner, W. F., and G. K. Williams, fold, complex, 97 sulfates, 21 10-15 fossil, 109 bacterial reduction of, 49 tapping, artificial, 167 structure(s), gneissic, 20 sulfide, hydrogen, 116 Tatum dome, 90, 97 graben, 88 sulfides, 309 teardrop shape, 102, 109 imbricate, 343 sulfur, 113, 198 “teardrops, inverted/' 25 internal, 5, 79, 84, 103, 203 elemental, 49 formation of, 40 Structure, Internal, and free, 192 tectonic “accidents," 54 Petrofabrics of G ulf Coast sources of, 9 activity, 341 Salt Domes, 90-98 sulfur exploration, 244 axes, 268 structure(s), lattice, 59 in diapiric structures, 1 basins, 339 lineation, 289 isotope fractionation studies, 49 breccia, 307 localization of, 307 production, Jaltipan dome, 244, 254 “tectonic-breccia" structures, 301 meteorite, 225 Nopalapa dome, 256 tectonic compressive forces, 183 mudlump, 152 Salinas dome, 256 forces, 17, 55 piercement, 198 United States, from salt domes, 9 isostatic uplift versus, 54 piercement, domal, origin of, 188 sulfur test wells, 252 (tangential), 54 Structures, Piercem ent, in sulfurous gases in mudflows, 165 history, 5 Canadian A rctic Islands, superplasticity, Backofen of diapirs, 315 183-214 phenomenon of, 40 of piercement domes, 205 structure (s), pillow, 335 surface, pre-stress, 11 impulse, 268 primary, 225 surface effects, 70 modeling, 12 “pull-apart," 11 faults, 15 movements, 268, 305 salt, 17, 53, 95, 100, 101, 102, 103 Survey of Diapirs and Diapirism, tectonic or salt-flowage period, 120 diapiric, 99, 116 1-9 origin of mother salt stock, 270 formation of, 53 Sverdrup basin, 183, 187 squeezing, 198 Structures, Salt, of G ulf of carbonate barrier complex, 205 strike, Placetas zone, 343 Mexico Basin—A Review, circular structures, 205 style, 316, 343 99-121 domes in eastern part of, 212 trends, 100 structure (s), salt, origin and motivating force for, 212 window, 320 development of, 120 geologic map, 186 tectonics, salt, 4 shape of, 53 petroleum possibilities, 214 salt-dome, 16, 17 salt-dome, experiment salt, presence of, 207 tectonics and deposition, simulating, 108 western, domes in, 207 Flinders Ranges, 305 salt-stock, 79 western, piercement structures in, tectonism, 242 separated-droplet, 101 189 T e h u a n t e p e c , I s t h m u s o f , “ tectonic-breccia,” 301 Sverdrup basin sediments, M orphology and O rigin of Wilcox, 27 Salt Domes of, 244-260 accumulation of, 187 Tehuantepec, Isthmus of, oil from structures associated with domes, 103 swell, 194 salt domes of, 9 associated with mud volcanoes, 9 swells, evaporite, 213 origin of salt domes of, 259 Structure of Salt Domes, salt, 209 salt domes in, 17 Relationship of Internal to sylvite, creep tests on, 75 telluric pressure, 17 E x t e r n a l , 79-89 symmetries, glide, 98 Temblor Formation, Big Blue Stuart City reef trend, 168 synclinal troughs, 145, 154 Member of, 232, 240 oil and gas fields along, 179 syncline(s), rim, 5, 55, 108, 109, 110, Diablo Range, 233 Stuart shelf, 305 218, 261, 271, 273 Temblor Range, 228 Sturtian glacial deposits, stoping of, area, 217 temperature and stress, effects of, 67 309 lateral shift of, 287 change, 65 ice age, 305 migration of, 282 effect, 73 Series, 304 rate and timing of diapirism of intrusion, 41 style, tectonic, 316 reflected by, 283 of salt at time of extrusion, 46 subdeltas, 145 Upheaval Canyon, 221 of salt during intrusion, 46 subdomal features, 222 synorogenic clastic conglomerate, 321 temperature (s), 8, 12 submarine mudlamp distribution, flysch, 339 absolute, 60 South'Pass, 149 systematic orientation, 98 activation energy-, curves, 66

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 442 INDEX TEM-TRI (temperature(s)) (Texas) tilting, 156 bottomhole, 38 Hockley dome, 49, 97 of Cantabrian basin, 300 depth-, curve, 36 La Campana oil field, 172 of included rock fragments, 346 effect of, on equivalent Little Eagle Hill silica knob, Timbalier Bay dome, 104, 105 viscosity, 68 171, 174 Timbalier-Caillou Island, high, 16 Los Picachos Hills, 171 Marchand-, massif, 18 high-, creep, 66 Markham salt dome, 24 time, model ratio of, 14 high, experiments at, 34 M artin’s Knob, 172 plot of interval velocity vs., 130 plasticity of salt at, 46 mudflow tuff, 166 time-dependent strain or creep, 53 Tem perature, Importance of, and oil and gas fields, McMullen times of growth of salt diapirs, 99 Energy Source of Emplace­ County, 168 Timor, crater of Kambing, 164 ment (in) Salt Diapirism, Paint Hill, relict mud volcano, 169 tiphon, 1, 53 16-52 Palangana dome, 80 Todos Santos Formation, temperature (s), influence of, 71 salt, highest drilled, 115 246, 249, 329 increase of, 213 Seven Sisters area, 172 Tonala dome, 256 ranges of, 60 South, exposed diapirs and erratics, River, 248 role in salt intrusion, 20 163 Tonalapa structure, 247 salt density vs., 35 Texas, South, Exposed M iddle Tongletscher, 4 salt-dome growth triggered by, 45 Tertiary Mud Diapirs and tongues, dike-like, 301 threshold, 20 Related Features in, 162-182 tongues of Precambrian rock, 186 temperature (s) in geothermal areas, Texas, South, gas province, prolific, Toondina, Mount, 302 38 168 dome, 313 of salt diapirism, 33, 38 geologic history, 168 topographic depressions over domes, tensile rupture strengths, 63 Gueydan (Catahoula) Formation, 97 strength, 55, 70 162 features, cylindrical, 172 tension, 11 Tertiary surface stratigraphy, 170 high, 220 areas of, 15 thickness of cap rock, 115 topography, subdued, 190 diapiric growth initiated by, 5 Van dome, 113 Torrensian Series, 305 local, 15 “fixtures, vesicular, 168 torsion, plastic, 60 Tension, M odel Diapirs, thalassogenesis hypothesis, 356 torsion of salt, 72 Plasticity, and, 10-15 theories of creep, exhaustion, 65 Tortuguero dome, 256 tension, plastic, 60 theory, dislocation, 70 tourmaline, pleochroic prisms of, 326 regional, 10, 15 eczeme, 53 tourmaline crystals, 193 tension field, 11 fluid mechanical, 120 trachyandesite, amygdaloidal, 176 -field concept, 13 Madelung-Born, 63 trachyandesite boulder, fractures, 51, 192 scale-model, 5, 56 amydaloidal, 178 tensional deformation, 10, 13 thermal activation, 60 trachyte, 162 faulting, 156 conductivity, 36 transgression, 249 stress, 15, 28 of salt, 33 translation gliding, 41 regional, 12 expansion, 24 transmission, sound, 122 tensional stress field, 11 coefficient of, NaCl, 33 transient creep, 59 Tent Hills, 232 thickness, overburden, 20, 26 strain, 68 T e r t ia r y , M id d l e , M u d D i a p ir s sedimentary, 99 flow, 59 a n d R e l a t e d F e a t u r e s i n thickness of cap rock, 114, 115 transition zone, 116 S o u t h T e x a s , E x p o s e d , 1 6 2 -1 8 2 transitional zone, 114 of diapiric salt structures, transporting medium for erratics, 176 Tertiary erosion surface, 187 Gulf of Mexico basin, 116 trapping of oil, 88 limestone blocks, 288 of mother salt, 56, 119 travel time, 138 orogeny, 183 thinning of strata by compaction, 52 tremolite, 238 rocks, 167, 278 by stretching, 52 trend(s), Caledonian, 186 shelf-facies rocks, 228, 231 thixotropic materials, 63 diapiric, 293 test, cone, Ludwik, 72 tholeiitic basalt, 335 fold, arcuate, 307 testing, compression, 37 Thompson Glacier, 203 fold-, orientation, 91 “tests,' constant-strain-rate,” 61, 67 Three Peaks anticline, 240 gravity-minimum, 319, 323, 346, tests, creep, on sylvite, 75 threshold pressure, 20 350, 351, 353 uniaxial, 75 temperature, 20 linear, 209 triaxial, 72 throw, stratigraphic, 288 magnetic-minimum, 319, 350, 353 Texas, Big Bend region, 176 thrust fault, Whitsunday Bay, 202 salt-dome, 44 Clay Creek dome, 26, 27 -fault zone, New Idria, 242 structural, Cuba, 318, 319 Cedro Hill silica knob, 174 zones, 240 tectonic, salt structures and, 100 East, basin, 44 faulting, 111, 159, 231, 240 trend (s) of diapiric structures, 301 Hawkins dome, 27 faults, 271 of migrating salt, 262 erratic orthoquartzite blocks, 173 planes, loci of, 354 Trevino diapir, 280 gas blowout, high-pressure, 180 sheets, 341, 343 Triassic-Jurassic evaporites, 117 Grand Saline dome, 56, 91 of Santa Clara-zone rocks, 335 strata, 246 Grand Saline salt mine, 75 thrusting of Santa Clara zone, 351 Triassic lithofacies distribution, 118 Gulf Coast, diapiric shale, 137 Tigres Changos dome, 111 rocks, 217, 275

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 TRI-VER INDEX 443 (Triassic) (ultramafic) Upper Concepcion Formation, 248 salt, 298 rock, 228 “upside-down graben,” 11 section, Cantabrian basin, 295 serpentinized, 319 upthrust, 116 triaxial experiments, 54 density of, 235 block, 11 tests, 72 zones, 319 masses of limestone, 196 triggering mechanisms, 11, 42, 179 Umberatana Group, 304, 305 sills, 196 Trinidad, Caribbean series, 329 unconformities, 228, 231, 291, 305 upturned beds, girdle of, 196 clastic dikes, 164 angular, 187, 282, 338, 341 upward buoying force, 120 explosive eruption, 167 erosional, 287 flow, 80 Isle of Pines-, block, 316 unconformity, Enorama diapir, 310 growth, 120 mudflow units in, 165 underground nuclear explosions, salt migration, 227 Sierra de, area, 320 domes as sites for, 9 movement, 239, 287 Trinidad Mountains, 329 storage in diapiric structures, 1 of core, 190 mud volcanoes, 166 water, 80 of salt, 99, 100, 260 -Sancti Spiritus Ranges, uniaxial compression, 36 initial, 273 breccia north of, 340 compressive stresses, 59 upward pulse, 228, 242 zone, columnar section, 331 creep tests, 75 push of salt, 58 troctolite, 320 United States Gulf Coast, upwarping, 109, 156 trough axis, shifting of, 275 diapiric salt domes in, 1 peripheral, 110 trough(s), 291 hydrocarbons in salt domes of, 9 upwarping of large areas, 52 Cantabrian, 277 mother bed in, 4 U.S.S.R., salt domes in, 18 deep-water, 337 salt structures in, 4 U tah, Paradox Basin, depositional, 305 shale structures in, 9 Upheaval Dome, A P o s s i b l e fault, regional, 120 United States salt production Salt Dome in, 215-227 geosynclinal, 231 irom salt domes, 9 Utah, Upheaval dome area, Kanmantoo, 304 sulfur production from salt stratigraphic column, 216 submarine, 340 domes, 9 Uzpanapa River, 247 synclinal, 145, 154 unloading by erosion, 239 truncation of salt, 116 hypothesis, Upheaval dome, 225 V tuff, 335 Unio Clay, 271 Valanginian-Turonian, 247 airborne, 168 Unio tumidus, 271 Valentine dome, 114 pisolitic, 171 up-arching, regional, 11 Van dome, 113 silicified, 173, 174 up-to-the-basin faults, 121 Varangeville, France, dome at, 72 tuff clasts in mudflow tuff, 177 updip seal, 122 Variscan orogeny, 186, 187 tuffaceous mudflows, 170 upfaulted block, 307 vein, calcite, 171 tuffs, mudflow, 162 Upheaval Canyon, 219 velocity, 124 Tuinicu, Rio, breccia along, 340 rim syncline, 221 horizontal, 188 Tulare Formation, 232, 240 Creek, 218 interval, 125 tunnel openings, creep in, 77 dome, circular, 218 vs. time, plot of, 130 tunnels, closing of, 78 Upheaval Dome, A Possible Salt sand, vs. depth, plot of, 126 turbidites, 339 Dome in Paradox Basin, U tah, sand percentage vs., Ship Shoal turbidity currents, 240 215-227 Area, 125, 126 Turiguano, Isla de, diapir, 318, 344, Upheaval dome, aeromagnetic map, shale, vs. depth, plot of, 126 347 226 velocity curve, normalized, 125 Turiguano, Isla de, gypsum at, 317 central depression, 219, 221, 224 discontinuities, 89 salt intrusion, age of, 347 cryptovolcanic hypothesis, 221 log, continuous, 125 Turonian, Portlandian-, hypotheses of origin, 215, 220, 226 measurements, importance of, 134 orthogeosyncline, 330 igneous intrusion, 226 of injection or extrusion, 180 Turonian, Portlandian-, sedimentary meteor-impact hypothesis, 224 of seismic-energy transmission, 122 and volcanic units, 332 salt-dome hypothesis, 222 velocity vs. effective pressure in shale Valanginian-, 247 salt-dome-igneous intrusion mass, 130 Turonian-Eocene series, 315 hypothesis, 226 Venezuela, northern, Caribbean -Maestrichtian, 247 stratigraphy and structure, 218 series, 329 -Santonian interval, facies belts, 339 unloading hypothesis, 225 western, Giron Formation, 329 Turret Rock, folded and faulted uplift, 96, 158, 220, 226 La Quinta series, 329 strata of, 223 cumulative, 231 vent, parent, 175 Tuxtlas, volcanic zone of the, 260 differential, 90, 94 Veracruz, El Plan dome, 113 Tuzandepetl dome, 255' of basement blocks, 307 oil exploration in, 244 intermittent, 225, 228 Rabon Grande dome, 111 U isostatic, versus tectonic forces, 54 salt structures, 103 ultimate strength of salt, 16, 40, 43 mudlump, 147 Tigres Changos dome, 111 of serpentine, 37 pre-Torrensian, 305 Veracruz and Tabasco, salt-dome vs. depth, 42 relative, 27 region of, 119 ultrabasic magma, intrusions of, 228 vertical, 342 vertical axes, 79 rock, serpentinized, 166 “uplift” of salt plug, 28 displacement, 145 ultramafic bodies, intrusion of, 238 uplifting, intensification of, 280 elongation, preferred, of halite mantle, 228 uplifts, secondary, 256 crystals, 109

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3840078/9781629812304_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 444 INDEX VER-ZUR (vertical) waste(s), radioactive, disposal of, 75 Wingate Sandstone, 217 folds, 79, 108 storage of, 75 Winnfield dome, 41, 94, 115 foliation, 19 wasting, mass, 220 banded salt and anhydrite, 106 movement of plastic media, 111 water, external, 71 water in, 71 stocks, 102 internal, 71 Winnfield salt mine, 88, 89, 96 vesicular textures, 168 salt-, springs, 71 W irrealpa diapir, 311 Villasana de Mena diapir, 296 underground, 80 Limestone, 306 viscoelastic model, 62 water column, “head” of, 26 “withdrawal, lava,” 26 viscosities, equivalent, of gypsum, 71 water-etch line, 96 Woodbine, base of, 28 viscosities of rock salt, 63 water in Winnfield dome, 71 Woolnough Hills, diapiric structure viscosity, dynamic, 14 -insoluble residues, 57, 103 at, 301 equation for, 63 wave action, plantation by, 147 work hardening, 16, 35, 39 equivalent, 3, 53, 58 attack, 147 -hardening effect, 40 effect of temperature on, 68 erosion, 145 Worumba anticline, 307 estimation of, 78 wave-front-like flow of salt, 261 of diapiric material, 3 “wave front” of salt migration, 268 X of halite, 72 wave plantation, 157 xenoliths of limestone, 108 of salt, 60 -planed surface, South Pass, 158 Y reduction of, 71 terraces, 147 Yegua Formation, 171 viscosity, model ratio of, 14 wavefront chart, 125, 131 Yeso, Loma de, 317, 321 Newtonian, 44, 58 “weak spots,” 54 Rio, 318 ratio of, 10 “weakness, zones of,” 54, 88 yield limit, 63 viscosity data for rock salt and Wealden outcrops, 295 point, 41 gypsum, 76 Weeks Island mine, 85, 88, 89, 96 stress of halite, 40 of diapiric material, 5 layering in salt, 82, 83 Young Peat, 271 of mud, 164 Weeks Island salt dome, 96 Yucatan carbonate platforms, 99 of overburden, 3, 5, 56 weight differential, 16, 273 Yucateco dome, 256 of salt, 56, 77 welt, median, 316, 333 Yugoslavia, serpentine diapirs of, 2 viscous flow, 62 W erner, Louann-, sequence, 119 Yule marble, creep of, 67 volcanic and salt-ridge period, 120 W erra basin, 46 stress-strain curves for, 68 volcanic arc, 316 West Hackberry-East Hackberry- Yumuri Limestone, 317 facies, southern, 330 Big Lake-Sweet Lake ridge, 121 Valley, 317 material of continental rise, 228 West Pakistan, Salt Range of, 46 necks, 16 West Pakistan area, active mud Z origin, 54 cone, 165 Zagros Range, diapiric of salt domes, 17 bubbling mud, 165 structures of, 8 outcrops, sedimentary, 164 Chandragup mud volcano, 165 Zanapa dome, 253, 256 phases, Late Cretaceous-Eocene, mud cone of Kandawri, 164 cross section and contour map, 338 mudflows in, 165 255 plugs, 16 Western Pyrenean geosyncline, 277 rim syncline, 256 rocks, mafic, 275, 307 Western Pyrenees and foreland, Zechstein basin, salt structures, zone of the Tuxtlas, 260 Spain, Bouguer gravity map, 283 101, 102 volcaniclastic rocks, 162 W estern Pyrenees and Foreland, evaporites, deposition of, 261 volcanism, 341 Spain, Diapirs in, 275-292 Zechstein Salt, 4, 44, 261, 266 igneous, 164 Western Pyrenees and foreland, salt-stock area, 262 sedimentary, 164 Spain, distribution of diapirs, 290 zinc ore, 283 definition of, 162 isopachous maps, 280, 281, 282 zircon, prisms of, 326 evidence for, 162 structural history, 287 zone(s), anhydrite, 114 volcanoes, dikes associated with, 32 White Rim Sandstone Member of breccia, 24 Hawaiian, 26 Cutler Formation, 217 calcite, 114 mud, 4, 16, 122 Whitsunday Bay thrust fault, 202 dike-like, 89 regions of, 164 Wienhausen salt dome, 22 fold, Ouachita, 116 volume of salt, Gulf region, 119 Wilcox structure, 27 fracture, in basement rock, 121 in a dome, 18 Wildflysch, Florencia, 340 regional, 102 volumes, molar, 57 IVildftysch-like deposits, Eocene, 321 gouge, 89 Williams, G. K., and W. F. Tanner, high-pressure, 25 W 10-15 mineralized, 191, 209 wacke, lithic, 234 W illiston basin, 50 mineralogie, of cap rock, 114 wall, buried, of plastic rock, 293 Willouran Series, 304 strike-fault, 121 salt, 101 W illyama block, 305 transition, 116 walls, salt, 18, 44, 46 Wilpena Group, 305 transitional, 114 longitudinal development of, 268 Pound Quartzite of, 304 zone(s) of weakness, 54, 88 striated, 89 window, tectonic, 320 Zuiderzee deposits, 271 "warp,” 85 windows, 335 Zurrapandilla, Rio, 335

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