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Lutterschmidt, W. I., and H. K. Reinert. 1990. The effect of ingested Roscoe, D. W., and S. G. Hinch. 2010. Effectiveness monitoring of fish transmitters upon the temperature preference of the common wa- passage facilities: historical trends, geographic patterns and future ter snake, Nerodia s. sipedon. Herpetologica 46:39–42. directions. Fish and Fisheries 11:12–33. Madsen, T., and M. Osterkamp. 1982. Notes on the biology of the fish- Roth, T. C., and B. D. Greene. 2006. Movement patterns and home eating snake Lycodonomorphus bicolor in Lake Tanganyika. J. Her- range use of the common watersnake (Nerodia sipedon). Copeia petol. 16:185–188. 2006:544–551. Meehan, A. 2003. The passage of non-finfish through fishways: a re- Schilt, C. R. 2007. Developing fish passage and protection at hydro- view. Water Management Division NSW Department of Infrastruc- power dams. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 104:295–325 ture, Planning and Natural Resources, Sydney, Australia. 19 pp. Tiebout, H. M., and J. R. Cary. 1987. Dynamic spatial ecology of the Meeus, J. 1991. Astronomical Algorithms. Willmann-Bell, Richmond, water snake, Nerodia sipedon. Copeia 1987:1–18. Virginia. 429 pp. Welsh S. A., and J. L. Aldinger. 2014. A semi-automated method for Pattishall, A., and D. Cundall. 2008. Spatial biology of common wa- monitoring dam passage of upstream migrant yellow-phase Amer- tersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) living along an urban stream. Copeia ican eels Anguilla rostrata. North Am. J. Fish. Manage. 34:702–709. 2008:752–762. ———, and H. Liller. 2013. Environmental correlates of upstream mi- Poff, N. L., and D. D. Hart. 2002. How dams vary and why it matters gration of yellow-phase American eels in the drain- for the emerging science of dam removal. Bioscience 52:659–738. age. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 142:483–491. Raney, E. C., and R. M. Roecker. 1947. Food and growth of two species of watersnakes from western New York. Copeia 1947:171–174. Roe, J. H., J. Gibson, and B. A. Kingsbury. 2006. Beyond the wetland border: estimating the impacts of roads for two species of water snakes. Biol. Conserv. 130:161–168.

Herpetological Review, 2015, 46(2), 179–185. © 2015 by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Eye Color and Chin Pattern in the pseudogeographica in the Calcasieu River Drainage of , with Comparison to Adjacent Drainages

Eye coloration is a characteristic of freshwater that is nominate northern of pseudogeographica as well as little noted in field guides and formal descriptions of taxa, prob- the remaining species, barbouri, ernsti, flavimaculata, geograph- ably because it cannot be assessed in preserved specimens. In ica, gibbonsi, nigrinoda, oculifera, pearlensis, and pulchra. the Graptemys (map turtles and sawbacks), three pre- Graptemys species all have yellow to light-orange stripes, dominant patterns of eye coloration occur (Lindeman 2013): spots, and blotches against a darker ground color on the head, a) a yellow or b) white iris, bisected by a black stripe, and c) a neck, and limbs. Three predominant patterns of light chin white iris without a bisecting stripe. The striped white iris typi- markings occur and are used as reliable diagnostic characteristics fies caglei, ouachitensis, sabinensis, and versa, while southern of species (Carr and Marchand 1942; Cagle 1952, 1953a, b, 1954; populations of pseudogeographica (the subspecies kohnii) are Haynes and McKown 1974; Lovich and McCoy 1992; Vogt 1993; most frequently reported to have white irises without bisecting Ennen et al. 2010b; Lindeman 2013): a) three spots, one anterior stripes. Yellow irises with black stripes typify populations of the and medial and the other two, which are often elongated, below the angles of the jaw (ouachitensis, pseudogeographica, versa); PETER V. LINDEMAN b) a medial longitudinal blotch or stripe and two spots under Department of Biology and Health Services, Edinboro University the angles of the jaw, also often elongate (ernsti, geographica, of Pennsylvania, 230 Scotland Road, Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16444, gibbonsi, pearlensis, pulchra); and c) a transverse chin bar, USA; e-mail: [email protected] essentially a curving stripe along the lower margin of the chin IRVIN LOUQUE (barbouri, caglei, flavimaculata, nigrinoda, oculifera, and Department of Agricultural Sciences, McNeese State University, sabinensis). Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609, USA In a published conference abstract, Jackson and Shively CYBIL HUNTZINGER (1983) briefly described distinctive characteristics of Graptemys Department of Agricultural Sciences, McNeese State University, pseudogeographica from the Calcasieu River drainage, which Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609, USA drains portions of seven parishes in southwestern Louisiana. In EDDIE LYONS particular, the authors described two distinctive characters: 1) Department of Agricultural Sciences, McNeese State University, dark pigmentation of the entire iris, causing the irises to appear Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609, USA black, and 2) variation in the chin pattern, with individuals hav- STEPHEN H. SHIVELY Calcasieu Ranger District, Kisatchie National Forest, Boyce, ing both three-spot and barred patterns on the chin. Chin pat- Louisiana 71409, USA terns were thus a mix of two of the predominant patterns used as WILL SELMAN diagnostic features of many congeners. Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana Department of Wildlife During wide-ranging freshwater turtle survey efforts on the and Fisheries, Grand Chenier, Louisiana 70643, USA Calcasieu drainage and its two adjacent drainages, the Sabine to the west and the Mermentau to the east, we encountered G.

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Fig. 1. Trapping and photographic localities for Graptemys pseu- dogeographica on the Sabine-Neches, Calcasieu, and Mermentau drainages of southwestern Louisiana and southeastern . Num- bers correspond to sites listed in Appendix I. pseudogeographica at several sites. Here we report on patterns of iris coloration and chin patterns for specimens in these drain- ages to quantify the patterns noted by Jackson and Shively (1983) and make comparisons among the adjacent drainage popula- tions. Study Areas and Methods.—We surveyed turtles in the Calca- sieu drainage in four parishes, the Sabine drainage in four par- ishes, and the Mermentau drainage in four parishes (Fig. 1). The Calcasieu and Sabine drainages have a mix of very low-elevation downstream reaches—less than 1 m above sea level (asl), accord- ing to Google Earth—that are uniformly deep and sluggish, con- trasting with upstream reaches that have gradients that promote a riffle-run organization with currents that maintain abundant sandbars. The entire Mermentau drainage is uniformly deep and sluggish, with surface levels that are <1 m asl throughout the reaches we surveyed, according to Google Earth. Turtles were captured in 2010–2013 using fykenets (Vogt 1980), basking traps (Lindeman 2014; Selman et al. 2012), and baited hoop nets (Legler 1960), with occasional opportunistic dipnetting or hand capture, mostly of juveniles. Eye color and chin pattern of captured Graptemys pseudogeographica were photographed with zoom or macro lenses. Turtles were marked on their marginal scutes (Cagle 1939) to avoid double-counting; Fig. 2. Three Graptemys pseudogeographica exhibiting the dark- however, no recaptures were registered for the species, even brown iris found in most specimens caught in the Calcasieu drain- when trapping was conducted over several days at some sites. age. Top, juvenile, Whiskey Chitto Creek near Hwy. 26 crossing in Additional photos of captured G. pseudogeographica were also Allen Parish, Louisiana. Middle, female, midline plastron length 209 available from previous studies (Shively and Vidrine 1984; Shive- mm, West Fork Calcasieu River at Sam Houston Jones State Park in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana. Bottom, female, midline plastron length ly and Jackson 1985). Additional lower-resolution evidence for 187 mm, Serpent Bayou <1 km from its confluence with the main- eye color and chin pattern was sometimes available from pho- stem Calcasieu River in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana. tographs of basking turtles taken using zoom lenses (up to 45x) on tripod-mounted cameras between 2008 and 2013. Based on geographic distances between sites, sampling dates, and details lighter colors and chin pattern was scored as complete bar, three of turtles visible in photos, we feel confident that basking photos spots or spot-line-spot, or intermediate (see below). did not contain any duplicate photos of the same individual. Results.—A total of 46 G. pseudogeographica were captured Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare the Calcasieu drain- and photographed for iris color, with 34 of these also photo- age with its two adjacent drainages for frequency of iris and chin graphed for chin pattern. Thirty-two other individuals photo- characters in G. pseudogeographica. For these analyses, dark- graphed during basking surveys had discernible iris color and brown irises were compared against a combined category for 7 of these showed discernible chin patterns in their photos.

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Fig. 4. Two Graptemys pseudogeographica from the Sabine drainage exhibiting a light-yellow iris suffused with gray speckling along the Fig. 3. Dark-brown irises evident in two basking Graptemys pseudo- outer margins with prominent horizontal black bars bisecting the geographica photographed in the Calcasieu drainage. Top, female, iris, as seen in all adult females of the Sabine drainage specimens. Bundick Creek at Morrow Bridge Rd. in Allen Parish, Louisiana. Bot- Top, female, midline plastron length 233 mm, East Sabine River tom, male, Calcasieu River at at Hwy. 10 crossing in Allen Parish, upstream of Niblett’s Bluff, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana. Bottom, Louisiana. female, midline plastron length 192 mm, Sabine River upstream of Palmer Lake Rd. boat ramp, Beauregard Parish, Louisiana/Newton Localities for these encounters in the three drainages are shown County, Texas. in Fig. 1 and listed with character data in Appendix I. At six sites on the Calcasieu drainage, we captured 32 G. pseu- G. pseudogeographica were among 435 total turtles we captured dogeographica, of which 30 (94%) had dark-brown irises, with in the Mermentau drainage (including 326 individuals of a con- a black horizontal bar bisecting each iris that was visible upon gener, G. sabinensis). close inspection (Fig. 2). A hatchling and a juvenile female had Sixteen basking G. pseudogeographica were photographed lighter, barred irises (white in the hatchling, light yellow in the at six total sites in the Sabine drainage. None exhibited a dark- female) that were suffused with speckled gray along the outer brown iris. Eight females, all of which appeared to be of adult rims in both. size, appeared to have the yellow and gray, black-barred iris type Photographs of basking turtles showed evidence of dark- shown in Fig. 4, while the remaining female—the only clearly brown irises for 14 G. pseudogeographica at 7 sites throughout juvenile female—had a white, black-barred iris. In Lindeman the Calcasieu drainage (Fig. 3). No other eye color pattern was (2013), two of the adult females appear in Plate J5 and the ju- evident in any basking photographs of the species from the Cal- venile female appears in Plate J1. Three unsexed juveniles and casieu drainage. three of the four males had white irises with black bars, while In the Sabine drainage, we captured 14 total G. pseudogeo- the remaining male had a white iris without a bar. The unbarred graphica at 4 sites. None exhibited a dark-brown iris. The pat- male appears on the back jacket cover of Lindeman (2013). Two tern observed in 8 of 9 females, including the 7 largest females basking G. pseudogeographica were photographed at separate (PL range 116–233 mm), was a light-yellow iris suffused with sites in the Mermentau drainage. A published photograph of speckled gray along the outer rim, with a wide horizontal black one individual from the Mermentau drainage shows a white iris bar bisecting the iris (Fig. 4). The second-smallest female (PL 137 without a horizontal black bar (Ilgen et al. 2014), although ad- mm), 3 males, and 2 juveniles likewise had gray speckling around ditional photographs of the same turtle suggest it may have had the outer rim of the iris, but the background color of the iris was a very thin black horizontal bar through each iris (PVL, unpubl. white rather than light yellow. Black bars bisected the iris in all photos). The other photograph from the Mermentau drainage but one of these 14 turtles; an adult male lacked iris stripes. No is of poorer quality due to greater distance of the camera from

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clearly discernible in only two photographs of basking individu-

BY PVL BY als in the Calcasieu drainage, both of which had the three-spot pattern. PHOTOS PHOTOS In the Sabine drainage, chin pattern was photographed for 12 of the 14 turtles we captured. Nine individuals exhibited a three-spot chin pattern, two had the anterior, medial spot elon- gated as a longitudinal blotch, and one had an incomplete bar, with a small gap on the right side near the point of the chin. In photographs of basking individuals, three individuals exhibited the three-spot pattern. Likewise, both basking individuals pho- tographed on the Mermentau drainage exhibited the three-spot chin pattern. Combining captured turtles and turtles photo- graphed while basking, the difference in chin pattern between the Calcasieu drainage (12 three-spot or spot-line-spot patterns, three intermediate patterns, and nine complete bars) and its two adjacent drainages (16 three-spot or spot-line-spot patterns, one intermediate pattern, and 0 complete bars) was highly signifi- cant (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.0037). Discussion.—Almost all of the G. pseudogeographica cap- tured in the Calcasieu drainage exhibited dark-brown irises bi- sected by black lines and all basking specimens photographed on the Calcasieu drainage were consistent with the same color- ation. No specimens from the two adjacent river drainages had dark-brown irises and the coloration has never been reported from other localities, thus iris color appears to be a highly con- sistent diagnostic feature of Calcasieu populations. Localities ex- hibiting the dark-brown iris that are reported herein encompass virtually the entire range of the species within the drainage (Fig. 1 and Appendix I), thus the dark-brown color is not merely a local anomaly, but appears to be indicative of a trait that is nearly fixed throughout the Calcasieu drainage. To date the genetic basis of iris color in Graptemys has not been studied. There is only one previous report quantifying variation in Fig. 5. Variable chin patterns of Graptemys pseudogeographica in the eye color in species of Graptemys, for two syntopic species in the Calcasieu drainage. Top, three-spot pattern with elongate side spots, adult female, 209 mm midline plastron length. Bottom, transverse lower Tennessee River drainage in western Kentucky (Lindeman chin bar, adult female, 195 mm midline plastron length. Both speci- 2003). Graptemys ouachitensis was consistent in having a striped mens from the vicinity of Sam Houston Jones State Park, near the white iris, while most G. pseudogeographica had an unstriped confluence of the Houston River with the West Fork Calcasieu River. white iris, with low incidence of black stripes (5%) or small black dots anterior or posterior to the pupil on the iris of one or both eyes (16%). Both species also had low incidence (<5%) of light- the turtle, but shows a white iris with no evidence of a horizontal yellow coloration invading the white iris. Together with the pres- bar. Combining captured turtles and turtles photographed while ent report and unpublished observations of other species by basking, the difference in iris color between the Calcasieu drain- PVL, these results suggest that it is typical for Graptemys species age (46 dark brown vs. 2 lighter) and its two adjacent drainages to have fixed or nearly fixed conditions for iris color and mark- (0 dark brown vs. 30 lighter) was highly significant (Fisher’s exact ings at the levels of both local population and drainage-wide test, p < 0.0001). metapopulations. In the Calcasieu drainage, we photographed chin pattern for In contrast to iris color and markings, chin patterns were 22 of the 32 captured turtles (Fig. 5). Nine exhibited a round me- highly variable within the Calcasieu drainage. Of 24 specimens dial spot at the point of the chin and elongate spots on either examined or photographed while basking, nine had chin bars side, under the angles of the jaw; 1 had two elongate spots on and three had intermediate, interrupted patterns more sugges- either side and a central spot that was merged with a neck line; 9 tive of a chin bar than of the three-spot pattern that is typical had transverse chin bars instead of spots; and 3 had intermediate of G. pseudogeographica (Vogt 1993). The two adjacent drain- patterns. Intermediate patterns were essentially transverse chin ages did not show variability, with none of 17 turtles captured or bars that had small gaps near the point of the chin (on both sides photographed while basking showing a chin bar. A chin bar has in 2 turtles, suggestive of 3 elongate spots that almost merged not been reported from any other population of G. pseudogeo- into a bar; on the left side only in the other turtle, suggestive of graphica. Vogt (1993) did not report the condition among large an incomplete bar; all patterns labeled intermediate lacked the samples of G. pseudogeographica collected from several locali- several intervening light lines or whorls between the medial and ties throughout the species’ range (not including the Calcasieu side spots that were typical of the three-spot pattern). There was drainage). He did report that G. ouachitensis hatched under labo- no ontogenetic component evident in the variation, as the chin ratory incubation conditions sometimes exhibited a chin bar in- bars were exhibited by 4 adult females, 1 juvenile female, 1 un- stead of the three-spot pattern that is also characteristic of that sexed juvenile, and 3 hatchlings. Chin pattern was visible and species, but found no chin bars in wild-caught G. ouachitensis

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specimens taken range-wide. There are also no reports in the Literature Cited literature of any of the 6 Graptemys species that are character- Baur, G. 1893. Two new species of North American Testudinata. Amer. ized by chin bars having any individuals exhibiting a three-spot Nat. 27:675−677. pattern (Carr and Marchand 1942; Cagle 1952, 1953a, b, 1954; Cagle, F. R. 1939. A system for marking turtles for future identifica- Haynes and McKown 1974; Lovich and McCoy 1992). However, tion. Copeia 1939:170–173. ———. 1952. The status of the turtles Graptemys pulchra Baur and Ennen et al. (2010b) reported lack of the chin bar (without details Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand, with notes on their natu- regarding alternate patterns) at low frequencies in G. flavimacu- ral history. Copeia 1952:223–234. lata and more commonly in G. oculifera; in addition, in G. sabi- ———. 1953a. Two new subspecies of Graptemys pseudogeographica. nensis, an intermediate pattern of interrupted chin bars forming Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 546:1-17. two or three separate markings—albeit not spots widely sepa- ———. 1953b. The status of the turtle Graptemys oculifera (Baur). rated by several intervening light lines or whorls—sometimes Zoologica 38:137–144. occurs (PVL, unpubl. data). For a mix of G. barbouri (typically a ———. 1954. Two new species of the genus Graptemys. Tulane Stud. chin bar), G. ernsti (typically a spot-line-spot pattern), and their Zool. 11:167-186. hybrids in the Choctawhatchee drainage, Godwin et al. (2015) Carr, A. F., Jr., and L. J. Marchand. 1942. A new turtle from the Chipola reported a mix of chin patterns but unfortunately did not report River, Florida. Proc. New England Zoöl. Club 20:95-100. Ennen, J. R., J. E. Lovich, B. R. Kreiser, W. Selman, and C. P. Qualls. 2010a. which had which pattern according to their genetic clas- Genetic and morphological variation between populations of the sification as one species or the other, or a hybrid. (Graptemys gibbonsi) in the Pearl and Pas- Overall, chin patterns appear to be highly consistent species cagoula rivers with description of a new species. Chelon. Conserv. characteristics in Graptemys, except in the case of the Calcasieu Biol. 9:98−113. drainage populations of G. pseudogeographica. As with iris color ———, B. R. Kreiser, C. P. Qualls, and J. E. Lovich. 2010b. Morphological and patterning, the genetic basis of chin patterns is unknown and molecular reassessment of Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys and awaits further study. flavimaculata (Testudines: ). J. Herpetol. 44:544−554. The genus Graptemys, as currently recognized, has 14 spe- Godwin, J. C., J. E. Lovich, J. R. Ennen, B. R. Kreiser, B. Folt, and C. cies, nine of which are confined to single Gulf Coastal drainages, Lechowicz. 2014. Hybridization of two megacephalic map turtles with three others distributed in 2–3 adjacent drainages (Linde- (Testudines: Emydidae: Graptemys) in the Choctawhatchee River drainage of Alabama and Florida. Copeia 2014:725–742. man 2013). Only G. pseudogeographica and G. geographica are Haynes, D., and R. R. McKown. 1974. A new species of map turtle (ge- distributed over more drainages (seven and five, respectively; nus Graptemys) from the Guadalupe River system in Texas. Tulane Lindeman 2013). One group of drainage-endemic species was Stud. Zool. Bot. 18:143-152. long considered conspecific, as G. pulchra, with a distribution Ilgen, E. L., C. A. Hartson, O. S. Zaleski, and P. V. Lindeman. 2014. Map spanning four adjacent drainages in eastern Louisiana, Missis- turtles of the Mermentau: status surveys of forgotten populations. sippi, Alabama, Georgia, and the panhandle of Florida (Baur Chelon. Conserv. Biol. 13:1–8. 1893; Cagle 1952). Detailed analysis of morphological variation Jackson, J. F., and S. H. Shively. 1983. A distinctive population of resulted in the splitting of G. pulchra into three species, with one Graptemys pseudogeographica from the Calcasieu River system. of them, G. gibbonsi, occurring in two adjacent rivers (Lovich and Assoc. Southeast. Biol. Bull. 30:64. McCoy 1992), but subsequently a combination of morphological Legler, J. M. 1960. A simple and inexpensive device for trapping aquatic turtles. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett. 37:63–66. and molecular genetic analyses resulted in G. gibbonsi also being Lindeman, P. V. 2003. Diagnostic characteristics in lower Tennessee split into two species by drainage (Ennen et al. 2010a). The vari- River populations of the map turtles Graptemys pseudogeograph- able characters reported here appear to be indicators of unique ica and Graptemys ouachitensis. Chelon. Conserv. Biol. 4:564–568. variation in the Calcasieu drainage and further detailed morpho- ———. 2013. The Map Turtle and Sawback Atlas: Ecology, Evolution, logical and molecular genetic analyses are warranted. Distribution, and Conservation. Univ. Oklahoma Press, Norman. Irrespective of any possible taxonomic implications of the 460 pp. variation described herein, the unique dark eyes of Calcasieu- ———. 2014. New wine in old bottles: using modified hoopnets to drainage G. pseudogeographica likely pose a conservation chal- catch bait-averse basking turtles. Herpetol. Rev. 45:597–600. lenge. Species of Graptemys are highly regarded in the pet trade Lovich, J. E., and C. J. McCoy. 1992. Review of the Graptemys pulchra and collectors have recently become aware of “black-eyed” Mis- group (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae), with descriptions of two new species. Ann. Carn. Mus. 61:293−315. sissippi map turtles, with both online and pet expo dealers offer- Phimmachak, S., B. L. Stuart, and N. Sivongxay. 2012. Distribution, natu- ing them for sale (C. Lechowicz, pers. comm.). Trade in herpeto- ral history, and conservation of the Lao newt (Laotriton laoensis) fauna has been known to spike coincident with the discovery and (Caudata: Salamandridae). J. Herpetol. 46:120–128. description of new variants (e.g., Stuart et al. 2006; Phimmachak Selman, W., J. M. Jawor, and C. P. Qualls. 2012. Seasonal variation of et al. 2012). Monitoring of both commerce and field collecting corticosterone levels in Graptemys flavimaculata, an imperiled will be necessary to assess the threat that the pet trade poses to freshwater turtle. Copeia 2012:698–705. Calcasieu populations of G. pseudogeographica. Shively, S. H., and J. F. Jackson. 1985. Factors limiting the upstream dis- tribution of the Sabine map turtle. Amer. Midl. Nat. 114:292-303. Acknowledgments—We thank C. Lechowicz for sharing his in- ———, and M. F. Vidrine. 1984. Fresh-water mollusks in the alimen- sights on trade in Calcasieu drainage G. pseudogeographica. Assis- tary tract of a map turtle. Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci. tance in the field was provided by F. Armagost, K. Cantrelle, J. Eaker, 47:27−29. A. Fehrenbach, and S. McFadden. Field work was supported by a Stuart, B. L., A. G. J. Rhodin, L. L. Grismer, and T. Hansel. 2006. Scien- Louisiana State Wildlife Grant. tific description can imperil species. Science 312:1137. Vogt, R. C. 1980. New methods for trapping aquatic turtles. Copeia 1980:368–371. ———. 1993. Systematics of the false map turtles (Graptemys pseudo- geographica complex: Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae). Ann. Carn. Mus. 62:1–46.

Herpetological Review 46(2), 2015 184 ARTICLES NR Bar (3 dots) Intermediate Bar NR Dash-Dot-Dash Chin Dash-Dot-Dash Bar Dash-Dot-Dash (3 dots) Intermediate Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Bar Dash-Line-Dash Bar Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash (2 dots) Intermediate Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash NR Bar Dash-Dot-Dash Bar Bar NR NR NR NR NR NR Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe NO NO NO Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe NO NO NO NO NO brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark Iris color Iris brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture source Data Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking I en d i x pp 94 84 94 38 82 48 39 62 45 66 58 56 PL NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR A 209 195 209 100 187 178 102 191 136 209 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F M M M M M M M Class 18 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 11 19 19 17 17 17 16 16 16 17 17 19 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 Fig. 1 # Fig. Stream Fork West Houston Fork West Fork West Serpent Serpent Serpent Serpent Serpent Serpent Serpent Calcasieu Fork West Fork West Fork West Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Houston Houston Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Whiskey Chitto Houston Bundick Bundick Bundick Bundick Bundick Bundick Bundick captured and photographed while basking, sorted by drainage and eye color and markings, with chin markings and photo voucher numbers in the University of numbers in the University and photo voucher with chin markings color and markings, and eye drainage while basking, sorted by and photographed captured Drainage Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Graptemys pseudogeographica Graptemys NO = not observable. NR = not recorded. also given. History of Natural Museum Florida UF# 170269 170270 174743 174744 174745 174746 174747 174748 174749 174750 174751 174752 174753 174754 174755 174756 174757 174758 174759 174760 174761 174762 174763 174764 174765 174731 174732 174733 174734 174735 174766 170267 174767 170267 170267 170267 170281 170283

Herpetological Review 46(2), 2015 ARTICLES 185 Chin Dash-Dot-Dash NR Bar Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash (2 dots) Intermediate Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Line-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Dash-Dot-Dash Stripe NO NO NO NO NO NO Stripe Stripe Stripe None? Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe None Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe None Dash-Dot-Dash Stripe Dash-Dot-Dash Stripe Dash-Dot-Dash Stripe Stripe Stripe Dash-Line-Dash Stripe NR Stripe NR Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Stripe Iris color Iris brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown Dark White/Gray Yellow/Gray White White White White White White White White White White White/Gray White/Gray White/Gray White/Gray White/Gray White/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Yellow/Gray Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking source Data photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking Capture Capture photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture Capture photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking photo Basking I — Continued 41 38 47 99 PL ------NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 105 137 143 192 159 233 200 116 en d i x pp A J J J J J J J J F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F M M M M M M M M 110 M 102 M Class 9 9 9 1 5 3 3 3 2 4 5 5 5 5 7 7 7 5 5 5 7 7 6 2 2 8 8 5 5 5 3 2 2 18 18 10 18 18 20 21 Fig. 1 # Fig. Stream Fork West Fork West Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Fork West Fork West Brule Plaquemine Nezpique Sabine Sabine Anacoco Anacoco Anacoco Anacoco Anacoco Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine East Sabine East Sabine East Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine East Sabine East Sabine Sabine Anacoco Anacoco Village Village Sabine Sabine Sabine Anacoco Anacoco Anacoco Drainage Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Calcasieu Mermentau Mermentau Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine Sabine UF# 174768 174770 174771 170271 174772 174773 174774 174775 166405 166403 174776 174777 174778 174779 174780 174781 174782 174784 174786 174787 174788 174789 174790 174791 174792 174793 174794 174795 174796 174797 174736 174737 166437 166437 174798 174799 174800 174802 174803 174804

Herpetological Review 46(2), 2015