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Compositional Variability in Nasca Ceramics from the Las Trancas Valley, Nasca, Peru Marcela Poirier Purdue University

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Compositional Variability in Nasca Ceramics from the Las Trancas Valley, Nasca, Peru Marcela Poirier Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations Summer 2014 Compositional variability in Nasca ceramics from the las Trancas Valley, Nasca, Peru Marcela Poirier Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Poirier, Marcela, "Compositional variability in Nasca ceramics from the las Trancas Valley, Nasca, Peru" (2014). Open Access Theses. 668. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/668 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. *UDGXDWH6FKRRO(7')RUP 5HYLVHG 0114 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance 7KLVLVWRFHUWLI\WKDWWKHWKHVLVGLVVHUWDWLRQSUHSDUHG %\Marcela Poirier (QWLWOHG COMPOSITIOAL VARIABILITY IN NASCA CERAMICS FROM THE LAS TRANCAS VALLEY, PERU Master of Science )RUWKHGHJUHHRI ,VDSSURYHGE\WKHILQDOH[DPLQLQJFRPPLWWHH Kevin J. Vaughn Ian Lindsay H. Kory Cooper 7RWKHEHVWRIP\NQRZOHGJHDQGDVXQGHUVWRRGE\WKHVWXGHQWLQWKHThesis/Dissertation Agreement. Publication Delay, and Certification/Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32)WKLVWKHVLVGLVVHUWDWLRQ adheres to the provisions of 3XUGXH8QLYHUVLW\¶V³3ROLF\RQ,QWHJULW\LQ5HVHDUFK´DQGWKHXVHRI FRS\ULJKWHGPDWHULDO Kevin J. Vaughn $SSURYHGE\0DMRU3URIHVVRU V BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB $SSURYHGE\Ellen Gruenbaum 07/21/2014 +HDGRIWKHDepartment *UDGXDWH3URJUDP 'DWH COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY IN NASCA CERAMICS FROM THE LAS TRANCAS VALLEY, NASCA, PERÚ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Marcela Poirier In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2014 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis has been possible thanks to the support of many individuals, especially my academic and main advisor, Kevin Vaughn. Throughout these two years he has been very helpful and has served as a great guidance for me to improve not only in my research, but also in my academic work. Without his help I would have not learned as much as I have, and for that I am very grateful. I would also like to thank my committee members Ian Lindsay and Kory Cooper, who have always been available for questions, comments and numerous feedbacks. From them I have also learned a great deal; many things that I have learned in their classes and out of them, I have used in different sections of this thesis. During these two years at Purdue I have had the luck to be surrounded by a great deal of people that have served as a support system during numerous struggles, and without them I would have not be able to complete this work. I would like to thank Talin Lindsay and my lab-mates and friends Beth Grávalos and Shawna Follis, whom have always been there to support me and my work, and have helped me a great deal. My dear friends Betsy Wirtz, Andrew Baker, and Aiden Powell have also served as great help during these two years iii and thanks to their presence I have grown very much as an individual. I would also like to thank Ale Wundram Pimentel, my best friend, for the many hours that we have spent together, the support and the many hours that she has taken to help me throughout this process, without her this thesis would have not been possible. Outside of Purdue I have also received a great amount of support by fellow Peruvian archaeologists, mentors and friends, Patricia Chirinos and Maria Fernanda Boza, with whom I have discussed many parts of thesis and have provided very useful feedback. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends back home in Perú, especially my sister Zoe who brings great joy to my life. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Thesis Outline ............................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2: ENVIROMENTAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT ............................. 5 2.1 Cultural Context........................................................................................... 6 2.2 Nasca ........................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Cahuachi ................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Cahuachi’s Ritual Importance ................................................................... 13 2.5 Understanding Nasca Ceramics ................................................................ 15 2.6 Middle and Late Nasca .............................................................................. 16 2.7 The South Coast after Nasca .................................................................... 19 2.8 Previous Compositional Analysis in the SNR ............................................ 22 CHAPTER 3: BACKGROUND LITERATURE..................................................... 26 3.1 Political Economy ...................................................................................... 26 3.2 Craft Production ........................................................................................ 27 3.3 The Materialization of Ideology ................................................................. 29 3.4 Technology and the Behavioral Approach ................................................. 30 3.5 Background Literature on Ceramic Production .......................................... 33 3.6 Understanding Paste Variability ................................................................ 34 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 41 4.1 Compositional Analysis ............................................................................. 41 4.2 Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) ...................................... 45 4.3 INAA Preparation at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) ........................................................................................................................ 45 4.5 Paste Types ............................................................................................. 47 v 4.6 Data Collection - Santa Luisa and Higosñoc ............................................. 49 4.7 Santa Luisa (90-54) ................................................................................... 49 4.8 Santa Luisa – Sector I ............................................................................... 50 4.9 Santa Luisa – Sector II .............................................................................. 50 4.10 Santa Luisa – Sector III ........................................................................... 51 4.11 Santa Luisa - Summary ........................................................................... 51 4.12 Higosñoc (96-251) ................................................................................... 53 4.13 Higosñoc - Sector I .................................................................................. 53 4.14 Higosñoc - Sector II ................................................................................. 53 4.15 Higosñoc – Summary .............................................................................. 54 4.16 Sample .................................................................................................... 55 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS ..................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 75 6.1 Understanding INAA Group 1 Through Time ............................................ 77 6.2 Understanding Pilgrimage Through Time .................................................. 83 6.3 Understanding Ceramic Production Through Time ................................... 85 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 90 7.1 Understanding Santa Luisa and Higosñoc ................................................ 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................. 95 APPENDICES Appendix A – Sherd Description ................................................................... 104 Appendix B - INAA Results ........................................................................... 108 Appendix C – INAA Group 1 Photographs .................................................... 116 Appendix D – INAA Group 2 Photographs .................................................... 118 Appendix E – INAA Group 3 Photographs .................................................... 119 Appendix F – INAA Group 4 Photographs ..................................................... 120 Appendix G – INAA Group 5 Photographs .................................................... 121 Appendix H – INAA Group 6 Photographs ...................................................
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