INDEX Ballybogey, 73, 220 Adair, the surname, 97 Ballydivity, 99, 127, 128, 129, Aelach, 94, 95, 96 274 Agivey, 101 Ballygalley Castle, 254 Aiken, the surname, 97 Ballylinny, 43, 105, 121,134, Aird Snout, 218 223 Alba, 94 Ballylough House, 99 Ballylough, 125, 127, 128, 131, Albert, the Prince Consort, 120 132, 274 Alexander, Admiral JS, 157 Ballymagarry House, 99 Alexander, James, 220, 222, 232 Observer, 152 Alexander, Jim and Dorothy, 16 -Ballycastle Railway, Alexander, Mrs of Garvagh, 204 128 Alexander, Rev Sam, 38, 42, 237 Ballytober, 220 Alexander, the surname, 97 Ballywillin, 38, 92 Anderson, Careen (Hopkins), 40, Banagher, 216 41 Bann, 101, 109, 155, 245, 248 Anderson, Colin Boal, 241 Barbarians, 56 Anderson, Gertie (Kane), 16, 18, 27, 42 Baronscourt, 119, 120 Anderson, Hugh, 112, 177 Barony of Cary, 90 Anderson, Nuala (Gordon), 40, 41 barony, 90, 91 Anderson, Sam, 16, 50 Barry‟s, 43 Bartlett, William Henry, 207, 208, Anderson, the surname, 97 214 Anderson, William, 112 Bassett, George Henry, 191 Ardihannon, 25, 35, 90, 91, 104, 105, 109, 115, 135, 170, 213, 236, Battenburg, Prince Louis of, 229 251 Battle of the Boyne, 58 Armoy, 92, 125, 223, 249, 250, Baxter, David, 153 268 Baxter, Jack, 102, 222 Atkinson, John (Lord Atkinson), Baxter, John and Astrid, 73 151, 159 Baxter, John, 102 Atlee, Clement, 54 Baxter, Noreen (Kane), 16, 236, Auld Lammas Fair, 154 271 aurora borealis, 264 Baxter, the surname, 97 baile, 90 Baynes, TM, 190 Bald, William, 110, 257, 258 Bayview Hotel, 272 Balfour, Gerald, Earl of Balfour, Beach Hotel, 272 145 Beamish, Cecil, 56 , 42, 65, 66, 92, 97, 99, Beamish, Charles Eric St John, 106, 110. 190, 249 55-56 Ballybogey House, 153, 156 Beamish, Francis George, 55

277 Beamish, Francis Victor, 55-57 Boyd, Hugh Alexander, 198 Beamish, Mary, 57, 58 Boyd, Knox, 220, 222 Beamish, Sir George Robert, 55-7 Boyd, the surname, 105 Beardiville, 72, 73, 99, 101, Boyd, Wilson, 219, 242 102, 143, 220, 223, 224 Bracken, Brendan (Lord Bracken Academical Institution, 63 of Christchurch), 54 Belfast Telegraph, 145 Bramwell, Sir Frederick Joseph, Bell, Artie, 237 131 Benadanir, 204 Brenther, 69, 79, 204, 205 Benandonner, 98, 155, 245 British Association, 166, 170, 174 Bengore Head, 69, 81, 193 British Lions, 56 Bennet, Ina, 256 British United Provident Association, 61 Bentfield, 274 Benvarden, 73, 99, 129, 132, 153, 156,Brontë, Charlotte, 83, 163 198 Brontë, Rev Patrick, 83 Bernhardt, Sarah, 118 Brooke, Sir Basil Stanlake (Lord Billy, 36, 90, 92, 101, 115, 116, Brookeborough), 53, 58 165, 187, 211, 220, 262, 274 Brunty, Rev Patrick, 83 Binguthar, 64, 66 Bulkeley, Sir Richard, 67 Bird, Annie, 18 Bulloch, Jack, 221 Bishops, 44 Burns, Jimmy, 40, 218, 237, 238 Bisset, Margery, 96 Burns, Rabbie, 53, 84 Black Bush, 242 Burns, the surname, 97 Black Rock House, 274 Bush, 37, 66, 103, 131, 216, 234, 249, 251, 253, 260 Blacker, Col William, 73, 104 Bushfoot Golf Club, 104, 134, 260, Blacker, Capt Henry, 72 271 Blacker, Eliza, 72, 73, 104 Bushfoot, 102, 179, 249, 260, 270 Blackrock Cottage, 209, 213, 274 House, 72, 73, 74, 274 Blackrock Strand, 43, 91, 136, 275 Bushmills Inn, 79, 111, 112, 113 Blair, the surname, 97 Bushmills Public Elementary School, Blaquiere, Sir John, 75 43, 49 Blean, Barney, 272 Bushmills Station, 134 Bodie, Dr Flora, 28, 37, 54 Bustard, Constable Adam, 34 Boghill, 221 Cadogan, George Henry, 5th Earl Bohill, 221 Cadogan, 144, 148 Bonamargy, 99, 247, 248, 262 Cain, 108, 109 Boneyclassagh, 34 Cain, James (McCahan), 115 Bonnemaison, 18, 241 Cain, James, 109 Boswell, Sir James, 76 Camac, Pat, 221 Boyd, Col Hugh, 105, 108 Camac, the name, 221

278 Camac, Tom, 222 Chambré, John, 142 Camel‟s Rock, 205, 210 Chambré, William, 142 Campbell College, 56 Charles II, 177 Campbell, Agnes, 16 Chetwynd-Talbot, Lady, 145 Campbell, Angus junior, 16, 56, Chimney Tops, 68, 70, 148, 149, 265 188, 204 Campbell, Angus senior, 16 Christie, Col Jack CBE, 89,153, 221 Campbell, Hazel (Foreman), 16 Christie, Dan, 153, 232 Campbell, Hugh, 18 Christie, Daniel, 153 Carlyle, Thomas, 83 Christie, the surname, 97 , 118 Churchill, Sir Winston Spencer, 54, Carnside, 25, 105, 108, 109, 205, 60, 118, App H 236 clachan, 274 Carrick-a-Rede, 196, 204 Clann Magnus na Buaise, 109, 125, Carrowreagh, 91, 236 266 Carson, TG, 153 Clayton, Charlotte, 69 Cary, barony of, 91 Clelland, Margaret, 16 Cary, Edward PC, 72 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 81 Cary, Letitia, 72 Clifden, Nellie, 117 Casement, Sir Roger, 259 Cloch na Fomoraic, 64, 66 Castle Lecky, 101 Close, SP, 45 Castlecat, 61 Coleman, William, 114, 133 Castlereagh, Viscount, 128 Coleman‟s Hotel, 133 Castlerock, 56, 57 Coleraine Academical Institution, 56 Causeway Case, 135, 141, 159, Coleraine Chronicle, 108, 142, 143, 163, 164, 166, 171, 174, 182, 144, 145, 150, 152, 154, 156, 160, 183, 184, 186, 192, 193 183, 258 Causeway Coast Walk, 261, 266 Colla Uais, 94 Causeway Coast, 249 Collonsay, 95 Causeway Fair, 154, 155, 171, Colvin, Robert, 213, 216, 264 178, 179 Colvin, the surname, 97 Causeway Hotel, 17, 18, 31, 42, Colvin, Willie, 216 44, 51, 60, 114, 122, 133, 135, Conal Caernach, 267 148, 153, 154, 169, 177, 179, Corbally, 220, 221, 223, 226, 227, 180, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 232 198, 199, 211, 215, 219, 233, corn crake, 32, 33 273 coupons, 15 Causeway House, 172, 173 Cramsie, Sandy, 221 Causeway School, 27, 49,140 Cramsies of O‟Harabrook, 221 Chaine, James, 129 Crookshank & Leech, 172 Chambré Hardman E, 142 Crookshank, CH, 142, 175

279 Crookshank, Leech and Davies, drontheims, 210 143 Drummond, Dr William Hamilton, Crookshank, Robert, 143, 227 190 Currie, John, 189, 192 Drummond, William Hamilton, , 257, 258 62, 63, 64, 77, 80 Daguerre, Louis, 83 Drury, Susanna, 69, 70, 71, 79, 80, 110, 156, 165 Dalriada, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99 Dukes of Abercorn, 120 Daly, Dan, 273 Dulisk, 50 Daly, Fred, 270, 273 dulse, 155 Damhead, 220 Dundarave, 25, 61, 72, 73, 74, Davies, John M, 143 93, 103, 115, 129, 134 de Bouvet, Marie Anne, 192 Dunderawe, 99 de Cuellar, Capt Francisco, 66, Dundooan, 220, 227 254 Dungiven, 109 de Galway, Alan, 95 Dunkin, Capt Roberts, 104 de la Tocnaye, Jacques, 79 Dunkin, Col John, 104 de Leyva, Alonzo, 255 Dunkin, David, 104 de Mandeville, Hugelin, 94 Dunkin, Edmund, 104 de Mouchy, Princess, 118 Dunkin, John Henry, 104 de Valera, Eamon, 53 Dunkin, John, 102, 104 Delany, Mary, 73 Dunkin, Letitia, 72, 102, 103 Delany, Patrick, 73 Dunkin, Mr, 72, 73, 82, 102, 110, Dempsey, Charles, 183 190 Sentinel, 146, 147 Dunkin, Rev Theodore Edward, 104 , 61, 92, 221 Dunkin, Rev WM, 104 , 61, 106, 128, 177, 186, Dunkin, Sir William, 72, 102, 104 198 Dervock-Causeway railway line, Dunlop, the surname, 97 129 Dunluce Castle, 34, 45, 66, 94, 99, 102, 103, 148, 234, 250, 254 Desmarest, Nicolas, 71 Dunluce Presbyterian Church, 38, Diana, Princess of Wales, 132 42, 111 Dickson, Stewart, 183 Dunluce, 254 dioceses, 92 Dunmull, 218 Dobbin, Sammy, 34 Castle, 66, 108, 214, Donegal, 97 261 Douglas, David, 174 Dunseverick, 65, 91, 108, 193, Douglas, Doreen, 35 249 Douglas, Florence, 35 Earl Spencer, 127, 132 Douglas, Margretta, 35 Earls of Antrim, 96 Douglas, Marjory, 35 Ebric, 266, 268

280 Eccles, William, 153 gallowglasses, 35 Edward VII, 69, 117, 119, 229 Gamble, James Norris, 112 Edward VIII, 55 Gamble, Robert, 112 Elizabeth II, 116 Gamble‟s New Inn, 79, 112 emigrants, 83 Gault, James (Bobby), 213 English, Roy and Kayo, 16 Gault, Kate, 256 Eochaid Mann, 65 Gault, Sammy, 214 Evening Telegraph, 144 genealogical research, 90 Ewart, Lavens M, 159 George II, 69 Eyre-Chatterton, Hedges, 163, 169 George III, 63, 74, 93 , 259, 260 George IV, 63, 145 Falkner, Max, 273 George V, 229 Farquharsons, 43, 44, 237 George V, 36, 44 Faull, Archibald, 183 George VI, 56 Fawcett‟s Hotel, 133 George, Mrs Rosetta, 274 Feigh Mountain, 91, 204, 253 Giant‟s Boot, 204, 246 Feigh, 91 Giant‟s Causeway Company Ferguson, Harry, 60 Limited, 142, 164 Festival of Britain, 233 Giant‟s Gateway, 169, 170 Ffrench, Louisa (Traill), 125 Giant‟s Grave, 213 Fingal‟s Cave, 81, 245 Giant's Eye Glass, 202 Finn M‟Cool, 46, 70, 82, 98, 141, Giant's Head, 246 155, 167, 169, 203, 204, 245, Gibson, Edward (Lord Ashbourne), 268 163 Fitzgerald, Mrs, 132 Gig-ma-gog's grave, 224 Florence, Hercules, 83 Gill, Ethel, 16 Forbes, Lady, 229 Girona, 66, 77, 79, 80, 148, 175, Forbes, Sir Charles, 229 178, 204, 253, 254 Forgey, the surname, 97 Glass, Johnny, 42, 213 Four Courts, 108, 163, 164 Glass, Willie, 113 Fox Talbot, William Henry, 83 , 96 Francis Kane‟s Temperance Glenfinneaght, 95 Refreshment Rooms, 113, 120, , 257 251 Glens of Antrim, 64, 96, 101 Frederick III, 132 Glenshesk, 89, 262 French, Robert, 166 Glenvale, 220 Fullerton, Mrs, 39, 40 , 95 Gaelic, 29, 84 Gould, Anna, Princess de Sagan, Gages of Rathlin, 168 118 Gallow‟s Hill, 34 Graham, Nurse, 18

281 Grand Causeway, 59, 70, 83, 90, Hillyard, Stanley and Jessie, 16 109, 167, 171, 209, 212, 235 Hitler, Adolf, 37 Grant, Drummond, 156 Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, 79, 112 Gray, William, 180 horse car, 132 Green, William Alfred, 146, 180 House of Commons, 144 Greer and Hamilton, 153, 157, 164 Hunter, Dinky, 221 Greer, Elizabeth Jane (Traill), 131 Hunter, Frank, 221 Greville, Daisy, Countess of Hutchinson, Davy, 236, 264 Warwick, 118 Hutchinson, James, 195 Grey Man‟s Path, 259, 261 Hutchinson, Major-General CS, 131 Griffith’s Valuation, 92 Ingram, Miss, 18 guides, 35, 54, 63, 79, 110, 114, Inishtrahull, 79 142, 147, 154, 167, 169, 174, 176, 181, 182, 183, 188, 189, Irish News, 145 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, Irish Symphony, 233, 235 197, 199, 204, 205, 206, 208, Islay, 95, 97, 155 211, 212, 214, 217, 218, 245, Isle of Man, 245, 249 246, 252, 255, 271 Jackson, Jimmy, 232 Guides‟ War, 114, 123,133, 134, James I, 96, 177 196, 211 jaunting cars, 110, 131 Hall, Mr & Mrs Samuel Carter, 195 Jellett, Dr John Hewitt, 131, 164 Hamilton, Dr William, 77, 78, 79, Jellett, Serjeant, 164, 172 80 Jenny the donkey, 51 Hamilton, Lord James, 2nd Duke of Jerome, Jennie, Lady Churchill, Abercorn, 119 118 Hamilton, Marquess of, 120 John I, 95 Hamilton‟s Seat, 77, 79, 120, 170, 179, 190 Johnson, Dr Samuel, 76, 77, 83 Hanna, Dr, 37 Joyce, James, 163 Hay, James, 172 judicial rent, 101, 105 Henry, Ann, 104 Jura, 95 Kane, Catherine (Campbell), 16, 26, Henry, Bill, 232 45, 243, 265 Henry, Elizabeth, 114, 133, 179, Kane, Colin Campbell, 16, 27, 32, 195 38, 44, 50, 102, 173, 214, 218, Henry, Noel, 221 221, 222, 251, 264 Henry, Sam, 221 Kane, Ellen Emily, 116, 121, 178 Henry, Stuart, 221 Kane, Francis Alexander, 16, 25, Henry, William, 153 26, 33, 104, 111, 157, 240 Hervey Bruce, Sir Henry, 122, 132 Kane, Francis Frederick, 25, 92, Hervey, Frederick Augustus, 4th 109, 110, 111, 113, 115 Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry, Kane, Francis, 105, 114-115, 147, 68, 145 151, 178, 181

282 Kane, Frederick Francis, 16, 17, , 216 18, 27, 109 Laverty, the earl's caretaker, 170 Kane, George Alfred, 16, 27, 52, Lawrence, DH, 93 55, 56, 265 Lawrence, William Mervin, 166 Kane, George Sinclair, 55, 121 Le Pavé des Geans, 71 Kane, Jane, 114 Leatham, Miss, 228 Kane, John, 92, 105, 108, 262 Leckey, Capt Hugh, 102 Kane, Margaret, 121 Leckey, Stuart, 112 Kane, Marion, 18 Lecky, Henry, 101, 142, 143 Kane, Mary Jane (Sinclair), 79, 101, 111, Lecky, Holland, 101 114, 115, 116, 121, 168, 178, 183, 184 Lecky, Hugh, 25, 89, 101, 142- Kane, Mary Jane junior, 121 143, 147- 148, 164, 168-169, Kane, Matilda (Moore), 121 173, 189, 227, 274 Kane, the name, 109 Lecky, Jackie, 102 Kane‟s Commercial and Family Lecky, John Gage, 142, 168 Hotel, 25, 111, 112, 121 Lecky, Miss, 169 Kane‟s Royal Hotel, 33, 42, 51, 77, 101, 105, 120, 122,140, 154, 168, 169, 180,Lecky, the surname, 97 192, 196, 197, 198, 211, 236, 238, 275Lee, Alexander, 168 Keenaght, 109, 125 Leech, Hunt Walsh, 143 kelp, 168, 169, 170, 172, 193 Lemnalary, 101 Keppel, Alice, 118,229 Leslie Hill House, 74, 84 Keppel, Sonia Rosemary, 118, 229 Leslie, James, 74, 75 Keyser, Agnes, 118 Lever, Dr Charles, 83 Kilcoobin, 109, 115, 116 Lewis, Samuel, 72 Killybegs, 254 Lillie Langtry, 118 Kilpatrick, David Edward George, Limavady, 109 15 Lisbellanagroagh, 267 Kilpatrick, Edie (Smith), 15, 16 Lisknisk, 220 Kilpatrick, Stuart, 16 Lisnagunogue, 40, 220, 237, 263 King, James, 195 Lissanduff, 102, 103 King, William, Bishop of Derry, 67 Lissanoure, 93, 97 Kirk o‟ Shotts, 44 Lisserluss, 25, 91 La Belle Otero, 118 Little Causeway, 173 La chausée des Geants, 63 Lochaber Orange Lodge, 35 Lacada Point, 204, 253 Longfield, Samuel Mountifort, 130 Lady Chatterley’s Lover, 93 Lord Antrim‟s Parlour, 175, 181, Lane, BH, 157 186, 204 Langtry, Jeanne-Marie, 229 Lord Macnaghten of Runkerry, 26, 98, 128, 275 Langtry, Lilly, 229 Lord of the Isles, 117 Lanyon, Sir Charles, 72, 74

283 Lord Roberts, 157 Macdonnell, Anne Catherine, 2nd Lough na Cranagh, 259 Countess of Antrim, 145 th Loughareema, 257, 259 Macdonnell, Randal William, 6 Earl of Antrim, 75 Lower Dunluce, 91 Macdonnell, Sir Randal MacSorley, Lynch, James, 95 1st Earl of Antrim, 96 Lynch, the name, 95 Macdonnell, Sir Randal, 2nd Earl M‟Allister, Daniel, 150, 165, 172 of Antrim, 103 M‟Allister, James, 147, 148, 171 Macdonnell, Sorley Boy, 109, 254 M‟Calmont, General Sir Hugh, 151, 157Macdonnell, William Randal, 6th M‟Cammond, Sir William, 156, 157 Earl of Antrim, 156, 165 M‟Collum, John, 165, 185 Macdonnells, 98, 99 M‟Curdy, Rosy, 194 Maclaine, Dr, 272 M‟Elroy, SC, 157, 159, 164, 174, MacLaughlin, John, 195 181, 186 MacMillian, the surname, 97 M‟Keag, Andrew, 172 MacMullan, the surname, 97 M‟Kinley, John, 168, 172, 173 Macnaghten armorials, 100 M‟Kinley, Mrs, 146, 147, 171, 173, 174Macnaghten, Arthur Douglas,7th M‟Mullan, Alexander, 178 baronet, 35 M‟Mullan, Alick, 178, 189 Macnaghten, Cassandra, 73, 106 M‟Mullan, Lily, 170 Macnaghten, Edmund, 72, 99, 143 M‟Mullan, Neil, 170, 195 Macnaghten, Edward, Lord M‟Naul, Lydia, 178 Macnaghten of Runkerry and M‟Quillan, Rory, 247 4th baronet, 26, 114, 151 Mac Cormac, Cairbre Riada, 94 Macnaghten, Hon Beatrice, 98 MacAllister, the surname, 97 Macnaghten, Hon Ethel, 98, 209 Macartney, Capt George, 97 Macnaghten, Hon Ethel, 98 Macartney, George (Earl Macnaghten, Hon Octavia, 98 Macartney), 93 Macnaghten, John (Shane Dubh), Macartney-Filgate, 93 99, 125 Macaw, Dr James, 114 Macnaghten, Lady Beatrice, 271 Macnaghten, Sir Edward Charles MacCabe, the surname, 97 Workman, 2nd baronet, 92 MacCane, 109 Macnaghten, Sir Edward Harry, MacCartney, 97 6th baronet, 35 MacCartney, the surname, 97 Macnaghten, Sir Francis MacClelland, the surname, 97 Alexander, 8th baronet, 25 MacConaghy, the surname, 97 Macnaghten, Sir Francis Edmund MacCurdy, the surname, 97 Workman, 3rd baronet, 25, 92, 129 Macdonnell armorials, 100 Macnaghten, Sir Francis Workman, st Macdonnell, Alexander 5th Earl 1 baronet, 25, 72-73, 102, 110, of Antrim, 71 114

284 Macnaghten, Sir Malcolm, 12th McClelland, Jimmy, 221 baronet, 74 McClure, Ian, 15, 37 Macnaghten, Sir Malcolm, PC, KBE, McCollum, Jane (White), 101 275 McCollum, John, 101, 115 MacNaughtan, Sir Alexander, 99 McCollum, Mary (Lecky), 101 Maconaghy, David, 181 McConaghy, Daniel, 26 Macpherson, James, 245 McConaghy, George, 49 MacQuillan‟s country, 94 McCoy, Richard F, 148 MacQuillans, 99 McCurdy, Ellen, 274 MacWilliam, Daniel, 195 McCurdy, Jack and Annie, 220 Madden, Rev Sam, 70 McCurdy, Martin, 223 Maddybenny, 52 McCurdy, Maurice, 236 Ma-Geoghegan, Abbe J, 63 McCurdy, Sam, 236, 238 Magilligan, 101 McKay, Bertie, 205 Magog, 224 McLaughlin, Hugh, 205 M'Allister, Daniel, 142 McLernon, James, 199, 213 Marconi, 259 McLernon, Johnny, 199, 212, 215, Market Square, Bushmills, 250 216, 217, 238, 264 Marquess of Londonderry, 145 McMahon, Constable Charlie, 34 Martin, Alec, 31, 89, 234 McMillen, Brian, 272 Martin, Ellen, 154 McMillen, Sandra, 272 Martin, Jamie, 146 McMullan, Dan Roy, 214 Martin, Johnny, 216 McMullan, Danny, 214 Martin, Wendy, 234 McMullan, David, 199, 214, 215 Matthews, Margaret Jane, 179 McMullan, James, 216 Maxwell, Doreen, 222, 232 McMullan, John, 214 Maxwell, Howard, 220, 222 McMullan, Lily, 147, 178 Maxwell, RJ & Sons, 218 McMullan, Neil, 147 McAlinden, Hugh, 265 McNaul, William, 114, 133, 153, McAllister, Jim, 237 178 M'Calmont, General Sir Hugh, 151 McNeill, Capt Daniel, 258 McBride, Johnny, 220 McNeill, Col John Magee, 258 McCahan, 108 McQuilken, James, 205, 214 McCahan, Ellen, 115 McQuillans of Dunluce, 125 McCahan, Robert, 108 McQuillans, 267 McCahan, Rose, 116 McSkimin, Rev Samuel, 266 McCain, 261 Mesolithic man, 67 McClelland, Bill, 214 Meynell, Hugo, 221 McClelland, Bob, 214 Middle Causeway, 171, 174 McClelland, Charlie, 44, 53, 264 Milford Haven, Marquess of, 229

285 Milnes, Robert Offley Ashburton, O‟Cahan, Giolla Dubh, 267 Marquess of Crewe, 145 O‟Cahan, James, 108 M'Kinley, Mrs, 173 O‟Cahan, John, 108 Molleneux, William, 69 O‟Cahan, Manus, 103 Molyneux, Sir Thomas, 68 O‟Cahan, Patrick, 109 Montgomery, Davy, 40 O‟Cahan, the name, 116 Montgomery, Hugh, 73, 106 O‟Cahan, Turlough, 266, 267 Montgomerys of Benvarden, 221 O‟Cahane, Meane, 103 Moore, James, 128 O‟Cahans, 35, 66, 94 Moore, Kathleen, 16 O‟Gallagher, Redmond, 254 Mordaunt, Lady, 118 Oirghialla, 94 Mornin, Joe, 199, 212, 217, 238, Oisín, 245, 268 264 Old Bushmills Distillery, 5, 54, Morris, William Richard (Lord 121, 135, 218, 219, 234, 251 Nuffield), 60 Organ Pipes, 70, 166, 176, 203, Morrison, Constable Ernie, 34 204 Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 229 Orme Handy, Kathleen, 226 Mull of Kintyre, 155 Otway, Rev Caesar, 192, 193 Mull, 81 parish, 72, 90, 91, 92 Munro, General Robert, 267 Parker-Bowles, Camilla, Duchess , 259 of Cornwall, 118 Murphy, Phyllis (Siggins), 56 Pelham-Clinton, Lady Susan, 229 Mussenden Temple, 68 Petty, William, 96 National Trust, 114, 167, 175, 187 Pigeon Rock Cave, 206 Neenie, 31, 32 Pinkerton, RD, 180 News-Letter, 144 Pirrie, William James, Lord Pirrie, Niepce, Nicephore, 83 148 Norse, 27 Plaiskin Head, 77, 194 North Channel, 81, 95, 96, 98 Plaiskin, 174, 193 North of Football Club, 56 Plumtre, Robert, 80 North West 200, 236 Plumtree, Anne, 80, 189, 190 Northern Counties Hotel, 157, Pococke, Richard, 71, 72, 73 196, 219, 228 Point-to-Point races, 220 Northern Whig, 144, 148 Poor Law Unions, 92 Ó Catháin, the name, 109 Port Bradden, 65, 204, 205, 261 O‟Cahan, Aine, 96 Port Brittas, 95 O‟Cahan, Alexander, 108 Port Coon, 50, 80, 178, 190, 192, O‟Cahan armorials, 267 204-206, 212, 247, 248, 249 O‟Cahan, 108, 125 Port Ganny, 70, 147, 170, 181 O‟Cahan, Brian Ballogh, 109 Port Moon, 33, 193, 200, 204 O‟Cahan, Ferdoragh, 109

286 Port na Ganye, 70 Route Hunt, 218, 219, 220, 226, Port na Spaniagh, 179, 185, 188, 232 204, 252, 253, 254 Royal Dublin Society, 70 Port na Tober, 204 Royal Hotel, See Kane‟s Royal Port na Truin, 204 Hotel Port Noffer, 70, 142, 154, 155, Royal Irish Constabulary, 132, 166, 169, 170, 172, 175-177, 141, 144, 173, 183 179, 187, 188, 194, 204, 245 Royal Irish Rifles, 35 Port Reostan, 188, 204 Royal Portrush Golf Club, 56,128, Portnaboe, 204, 205, 213 225, 227, 229, 240, 271, 273 Portnacallian, 204 Royal Ulster Rifles, 36 Portrush Cricket Club, 228 Runkerry Cave, 206, 209, 213 Portsalon, 79, 273 Runkerry House, 45, 91, 98, 275 Runkerry, 50, 80, 205, 250, 274, poteen, 32, 147, 155, 234 275 Prince of Limavady, 96 Russell, Alice Mary, 93 Prince Philip, 229 Russell, Sir William Howard, 93 Princess Royal, 229 Sackville-West, Hon Vita, 118 Probate District, 92 Sands, Bobby, 248 Proctor and Gamble, 112 Sandys, Edward, 68, 69 Protestant Boys, 73 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, HRH Albert puffins, 206 Edward, Prince of Wales, 116, Purcell, Kate, 255 179 Purcell, Noel, 257 Scott, Douglas Francis, 223, 225, Purdy, Alick, 214 226, 227, 228, 229, 230 Quality Road, 178, 179 Scott, Hugh Lawrence, 226 Queen Victoria, 117, 129, 132, Scott, Sir Walter, 80, 81 134, 230 Seaport Lodge, 75 Queen‟s University, Belfast, 37 Seneril, 129, 132, 198 Quigg, James, 204 Shanks, Lindsay, 50 Quigg, Robert VC, 35, 36, 44, 59, Shanks, the surname, 98 264 Shepherd‟s Path, 70, 154, 155, Raphoe, 56 157, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174, Rathlin, 32, 64, 92, 95, 97, 98, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 155, 168, 206, 259 181, 183, 193, 194 Ravallagh, 220 Siege of Derry, 99 Reid, Mary Jane, 111 Siemens, Sir William, 128, 130 Reid‟s Hotel, 111, 115 Siggins, Heather, 56 Riddell, John, 221 Siggins, JAE (Jack), 56 Ritchie, Charles Thomson, 151 Simpson, Rev Jonathan, 181 Romoan, 92, 259 Sinclair, John, 183 round towers, 249, 250

287 Sinn Fein, 53 Stookans, 47, 69, 123, 147, 177, Skeffington, Clotworthy, 71 180, 186, 187, 204, 205, 239, 255, 264 Skye, 26, 49, 59, 95, 251 , 251 Smith, Dr George, 15, 18, 273 Strawbridge, Miss, 102 Smith, Edward Coey, 15, 16, 20, Strawbridge, Daniel, 103 55 Strawbridge, John, 104 Smith, Evelyn (Kane), 15, 17, 18, Strawbridge, Robert, 103 27, 31, 34 Stuart, John, 3rd Earl of Bute, 93 Smith, George senior, 55 Sundon, Viscountess, 69 Smith, Noreen Moira, 15, 17, 18, Sweeney, the surname, 98 29, 37, 49, 50, 52, 270 Swift, Jonathan, 73 Smith, Norman Huston, 16 Taig, 172 Smith, Sara (Hill), 16, 47 Tara, 249, 266 Sobhairce, 65, 266 Taylor, Alexander, 169 Somerled, 96, 117 Taylor, Alick, 169 Sorley Boy, 96, 99 Taylor, Robert, 168, 171 Spanish Armada, 66, 148, 149, Taylor, William, 173 252, 254 Templastragh, 261, 262, 263 St Cuthbert‟s Church, Dunluce, 254 tent, 155, 255, 256 St Goban, 262 Thackeray, William Makepeace, St John the Baptist‟s Church, 254 82-83 190, 191 St Olcan, 249, 268 The Amphitheatre, 174, 178, 188, St Patrick, 95, 249, 268 202, 204 St Patrick‟s Church, 249 The Belfast and Northern Counties St Patrick‟s Rock, 268 Railway, 128 St Patrick‟s Well, 268 The Boat Race, 26 Staffa, 245 The Chalet, 154, 155, 176 Staffa, 81 The Commercial Hotel, Bushmills, standing stone, 263 79 Sténuit, Robert, 253 the Crusades, 266 Stewart Moore, Capt James, 127 The Cutts, 248 Stewart, Archibald, 97, 99, 125, The Diamond, 44, 139, 251, 264 128 The Dublin Penny Journal, 178 Stewart, Jack, 232 The Fan, 181 Stewart, John, 220 The Fingers, 110, 121 Stewart-Moore, Catherine The Fingers, 134, 256, 257 Elizabeth, 127 the Grand Causeway, 140, 142 Stewart-Moore, Hume, 75 The Haw, 220 Stewart-Moore, James, 271 The Headlands, 89, 157 Stewarts of Ballintoy, 66 The Honeycomb, 175, 181, 211 Stewarts of Boghill, 221

288 The Keystone, 175, 178, 181, 204 Traill, Rev Robert, 125 the Little Causeway, 155 Traill, William Atcheson, 128, The Loom, 169, 170, 171, 173, 130, 165, 274 175, 179, 204 Traill, William, 125 The MacDermot, 164, 165, 166, Traills of Ballylough, 50 167, 170, 171, 172, 174, 176, Trustees of the Ballycastle 177, 178, 183 Charities, 25, 105 The Nook, 25, 26, 30, 33, 35, 37, turbary, 105 42, 46, 49, 51, 59, 68, 79, 84, Twain, Mark, 81 90, 109, 110, 114, 140, 177, 199, Ulster Volunteer Force, 35 211, 212, 217, 236 Upper Dunluce, 97 The O‟Cahan, 96, 109 Ussher, James, 95, 96 The O‟Neill, 109 Vallencey, General Charles, 64 The Open Golf Championship, 56, 273 Vane-Tempest, Lord Adolphus, 229 The Plantin, 134, 256 Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Charles, The Rodden, 104 6th Marquess of Londonderry, 145 Vaughan-Williams, Winifred The Route, 94, 95, 96, 109 Salisbury, 230 The Skerries, 136 Victoria Cross, 157 The Syndicate, 142, 147, 150- Victoria Jubilee Bridge, 104, 134, 152, 156-157, 159, 164-165 260 167, 171, 176-178, 185, 227 Viking invasions, 249 The Trocadero, 43 Villiers, David, 235 The Ulster Echo, 144 Viscount Dunluce, 96 The White House, 43 Vivares, Francois, 71 The Wilderness, 275 Thompson, Raymond and Wainwright, Baron, 69 Maureen, 16 Walkmills, 131, 132, 135 Thompson, Sir William (Lord Wallace, Brian, 273 Kelvin), 128, 130 Wallace, Tom and Ena, 16 Titanic, 148 Wallace, Tom, 273 Tithe Applotment Books, 92, Warnock, Gordon and Peggy, 16 115 Warren, Robert G, 165 Titmarsh, MA, 82 Waterloo, Battle of, 149 Tonduff, 25, 32, 109, 236 Waugh, Edwin, 147, 191, 194 townland, 90, 92, 165 Welch, Robert John, 180, 209 Traill, Anthony, 114, 125, 128, Wellington, 1st Duke of, 80 151, 165, 179 White Park Bay, 43, 65 Traill, Col James, 125 White Rocks, 40, 43, 84, 131, Traill, Dr, Archdeacon of Armoy, 136, 246 125 White, Sir George VC, 101 Traill, JA, 164

289 White, Eric, 52 Wishing Chair, 147, 148, 150, 174, White, Rev James, 101 175, 181, 182, 189, 204, 208, 215 Wier‟s Snout, 70 Wishing Well, 146, 147, 155, 167, Wilde, Oscar, 223 168, 170, 173, 177, 181, 255, 268 Wilkinson, James, 213 Wolseley, Field Marshall Viscount, Wilkinson, Robert, 213 179 Wilkinson/MacQuilken, the Wray, Col Jackson, 274 surnames, 98 Wray, Miss (Jane?), 274 Willes, Edward (Lord), 190 Wray, Robin, 227 Williams-Ellis, Clough, 49 Wray, Thomas, 227 Windsor, HRH Charles Philip Wright, George, 164 Arthur George, Prince of Wales, yellowman, 154 116 Young, Arthur, 75 Winter, William, 114 Young, Robert, 159 Winter, William, 133 Zetland, Lawrence Dundas, 3rd Earl and Marquess of, 179

290 Appendix A The 320 who gave wedding presents in 1938

Mother Giant‟s Causeway Dad “ “ Mr & Mrs E Smith Inisreen, Norman Smith “ “ Edie Smith “ “ Fred Kane Purdysburn F.Hospital George & Marion Kane Auriesfield, Ballymena Sam & Gertie Anderson Lislea, Ballymena Colin B Anderson “ “ Colin C Kane Giant‟s Causeway Phyllis & Mr & Mrs H Murphy Chevuplene (?) Cherryvalley Mr & Mrs Banks Fearnley 494 Otley Rd. Leeds Dr Roy Inglis [English] Islandmagee Mollie Steele 8 Dhu‟ Varren Portrush Mrs J Pettigrew Glassgort Ballymoney Mr & Mrs Jas. Kane Duntroon, Knock Mrs Alice Boal Ballymena Noreen & Sidney McCafferty 317 Fourth St. Freeport, PA Mr & Mrs Hugh Carson Portrush Mr Ed Walker Coleraine Mr & Mrs Jas. McCaherty Harberton, Mr & Mrs Sidney Moore Crossings Cottage, Langford Mrs Calvin Wallace Summergate, Antrim Rd. Mr & Mrs Jas. Barron The Lodge Sommerton Mr & Mrs John Carson Northern Bank, B‟money Miss Muriel McDowell Rosneath Adelaide Park Dr & Mrs W Belford Ballymoney Mr & Mrs Alex McCann Broomhill Park Belfast Mr & Mrs Jas. Hadden Coleen, Mr & Mrs Jim McAllister Ballymena Theo and Billy Gardiner RAF Mrs Hugh McBride & Kitty Belfast Maureen Frost & Bo London Messrs Crawford & Co Coleraine Mrs Moore Bushmills Dr Bodie Bushmills

291 Marion McFarlane Dungiven Mrs Turner Oerton House Hale Sir C.Blackmore & M J Clelland Clanbrassil, Cultra Miss Kathleen Moore Moorecroft Portrush Miss Ethel Webster Belfast Lorimor Family Osborne Park Belfast Jack Baxter Coleraine Annie Hanlon Belfast Mrs J Murdock & Winnifred Belfast Mrs Easdale,Miss Guron & Bell Royal Hotel Staff Mr & Mrs Kennedy Hunter Marsden Malone Road Mrs J McKeown & Kathleen 22 Malone Road Mrs Lennox Eglantine Avenue Belfast Mrs PG Besson Royal Hibernian Hotel Jack Kane Lislea Ballymena Raymond & Maureen Thompson Harberton Belfast Miss F MacBeth Donaghadee Miss Rogers Belfast Joyce O‟Donnell Belfast Dr & Mrs Harry Dorman Armagh Baby Mary Dorman Armagh Mr & Mrs W Allan Ballymena Mrs Wilson Mrs Dooner “ Mr & Mrs FA MacLaughlin Wellington Park Belfast Miss Kerr Derry Dr & Mrs W Shannon Coleraine Mr & Mrs Gordon Stevenson Bangor Mr & Mrs Dunseath Dublin Mr & Mrs Fred Adams Belfast Mr & Mrs Bill Bradley Belfast The Hon Misses MacNaghten Runkerry Castle Dr Huey Bushmills Mrs Rex George Liverpool Mrs Simpson & Mr Kernohan Ballymena Prof. & Mrs WWD Thompson University Square Belfast Mr Jas. Evans Mr & Mrs McNabb Spa Hotel Tunbridge Wells

292 Helen Herron Lislea Ballymena Mr & Mrs Alfie Neely Donaghadee Miss Eileen McKee Dublin Mr & Mrs Alfred Beal Chislehurst, Kent Miss I. Hancock The Spa Hotel Tunbridge Wells Miss Irene Bacon Portstewart Mr & Mrs Wm Commerford Truam, Co. Galway Mrs. Hill Islandmagee Miss Moira Henry Southport Mrs Foster Kennedy Belfast Mr & Mrs Andy Stewart Portrush Campbell Guthrie Belfast Mr & Mrs Wm. Campbell Antrim Rd. Belfast Mr & Mrs. Norman Harvey Belfast Mrs H Clarke Bearsden Glasgow Margaret Clelland Malone Park Belfast W.E. Henry Coleraine Dr RH Hunter Queen‟s University Miss McCay Garvagh Mrs Blakley Bangor Mrs Campbell, Frank & Olive Annadale Park Mr J Wilson Ormeau Bakery Mr & Mrs Wm. Dowling Osborne Park Belfast Ina McCann Lurgan Mr & Mrs Douglas Hanna Belfast Mr & Mrs DL Kirkpatrick Sandown Pk. Belfast Mrs (Kayo) Baird “ “ Percy & Olive Tougher Annadale Ave. Belfast Master Brian Tougher “ “ Tom & Ena Wallace Antrim Rd Belfast Mr Sam Baird Belfast Mrs R Johnston & Nesta Beechmount Antrim Rd. Mrs Gerald McGladdery Belfast Mr & Mrs Vin Smith Coleraine Auntie & Uncle Campbell Mount Royal Donaghadee Mr & Mrs Fred Humphries Ulster Bank “ Gus & Elsie Campbell Belfast Mrs McAllister Ballymena Mr R & Helen Todd Broomhill Pk, Belfast Kay Neely Donaghadee

293 Mr & Mrs C Smith Islandmagee Mr & Mrs T McErvel Larne Rev & Mrs S Gilmoure Islandmagee Mr & Mrs F Lamont Limavady Mrs E Millen Spital Portrush James C Burns Giant‟s Causeway Dr & Mrs Tom Hall Blackburn Capt & Mrs McCahan Deal Kent Helda & Maureen Sutherland Larne Harbour Mr & Mrs McKeown Helen‟s Bay Mrs Lowry Portballintrae Mr & Mrs Reggie Dawson Donaghadee Mr & Mrs Nelson McMillen U.M.co. Knock, Belfast Mrs Bell Donaghadee Mrs Milling Bristol Dr & Mrs G Bateman Coleraine Miss Jean Hunter Crumlin Mr & Mrs De Vere Crossley Belfast Mr Arthur Lavery Belfast Mr & Mrs Chas Anderson & Maureen Coleraine Mrs Boyd Troon. Late receptionist Mr & Mrs Sam Todd Ballymoney Susan Loughrey Aird, Giant‟s Causeway Dr Sloan Bolton Portrush Dr & Mrs K Forsythe Belfast Mr & Mrs McWalters, Hill & Bain Belfast Maurice Allan Belfast The (Ian) McClure Family Belfast G Wilson Huddy Coleraine Dr & Mrs Dickson Dinkie & Frank Hunter Coleraine Scott Swan Coleraine Dr & Mrs Reggie Hall Belfast Dr & Mrs Ernie Bolton Ballymena Meta & Molly Sloan Belfast Miss Nancy Lyons Belfast Mr & Mrs Wm. Scott Osborne Pk Belfast Irene McAleery (Mrs Belfast

294 Rooney) Holmes Family Antrim JAE Siggins Belfast Prof RH Henry Queen‟s University Dr & Mrs FHB Allen Belfast May & Alfred Campbell Belfast Miss McNeice Portrush Miss M Clarke Portrush Mr & Mrs Duffin Belfast Bank Bushmills Mr & Mrs McEwan “ “ “ Tam & Jean Riddle Belfast Mr Joe Wray Portrush Mr & Mrs Sam Wray & Family Dhu‟ Varren Mr & Mrs Potts Harper Northern Counties Hotel Miss Norah Duff Lisburn Mr & Mrs Norman Scott Belfast Mr & Mrs Maurice Lavery Belfast Mr & Mrs Gerald Frost London Mr & Mrs Wallace McClure Ballymoney Mr & Mrs Stewart Larne Golf Club Dr Mitchell & Nursing Staff Ards Fever Hospital Mr & Mrs Hill Seaview Islandmagee Mr & Mrs J Price Belfast Mary Rice 15 New Rd. Donaghadee Billy Steele Dhu Varren Mr & Mrs Howard Wilson Barnett Martin Donaghadee Mr & Mrs Sandy Calder Loflass, Newtownards Mrs Evans Donaghadee Mr & Mrs John Adair Comber Mr & Mrs JO Campbell Moyallon, Annadale Ave Leslie & Dorothy Malcomson Belfast Dr & Mrs Norris Whyte Southport Mr & Mrs Sam McConnell Ballymena Mrs Walter Bradley Castlerock Miss McCarthy “ Major & Mrs Trail Runkerry Mr & Mrs W Moffett Greenisland Mr & Mrs W Moore Knox Belfast

295 Robert Lamont Portstewart James McLarnon Aird, Giant‟s Causeway Sam Johnston chauffeur Royal Hotel Staff Patrick Dornan “ “ “ Mr & Mrs B Moore Portstewart Miss Muriel Christie Coleraine Mr & Mrs TG Jones Gladwins Ltd. Dublin Mr Davidson Atkinson & Boyd, Coleraine Mr & Mrs Ned Clarke Belfast Miss Norton Dungannon High School Jas Davidson Nellie Armstrong ) Dining Room Staff, Margaret Warke,Wm.Fielding ) Causeway Hotel 1938 Mr & Mrs Stuart Henry Portstewart James Boal Ballymena Mr & Mrs J Ewing Johnston & Emily Belfast McCurdy Family Ballyliney, Causeway Mr D Motherwell & Templetons Campsie Balmoral Mr & Mrs A Campbell Belfast Alex English Islandmagee Stuart & Eric Kilpatrick Knock Road Belfast Mr & Mrs Kilpatrick & Ella “ “ “ Mrs (Dr) Martin Donaghadee Mrs Dundee Islandmagee Dr & Mrs Wm. Dundee “ Dan McCaughan Tonduff John Smith Cragorn, Islandmagee Mr & Mrs Jas. Adair Comber Mr & Mrs Reggie Dawson Donaghadee Norah & Eric Adam Blackrock Co. Dublin Dr JB McKinney Antrim Mr & Mrs Chas Black Portstewart Angus & Hazel Campbell Denham Bucks Mrs Millar Portrush Mr Todd Carnside Mr & Mrs Hugh Boyd Annadale Ave Belfast Dr Lindsay Bushmills

296 Mr & Mrs V Maxwell Adelaide Ave Coleraine Mr & Mrs Wm McGrath Coleraine Mr Thos Houston Belfast Sadie, Lily Norton etc Royal Hotel Staff Mr MacLaughlin Dundarave Bushmills Dr & Mrs Fitzgerald Donaghadee Mr & Mrs James Dunlop Ballyness, Bushmills Miss Dallas Carnside, “ Sam Dallas Carnside “ Mr & Mrs Archie Forgie Bushmills Bob & Violet Galbraith “ Mrs Beamish & Family Coleraine Mayor McCartney & Family “ Dr Wallace Mr & Mrs Sam Boal Ballymena Mr & Mrs HA Stewart Hanover Pl. Coleraine Ronald & Eric King Mr & Mrs Ray Clarke Derry Ina Sloan 140 Malone Rd Howard Maxwell Coleraine Martin Family The Aird Causeway Fred‟s extra on 18th Purdysburn F.H. Rev. S. Alexander Bushmills Mrs HA Hamilton Portrush Mr & Mrs Louis Bamford Portrush Mr & Mrs Bamford (Snr) “ Mrs Sam Forgie Bushmills Dr Roy McConnell Belfast Dorothy & Jim Alexander “ Ellen & Mary McConaghy Causeway Jimmy Adair Belfast Mr Hamilton Todd Coleraine Taggart Family Ballymoney Mr & Mrs Brian Hanna Belfast Mr & Mrs Stewart Friel Jo‟Burgh. S.A. Mr W. Mc Wilson Belfast Miss Elsie Walsh “ Morag & Bob Bannerford (?) Taymielt (?) Mr TR Johnston

297 Bob Stewart & wife Islandmagee Mrs Keenan Donaghadee Mr Geo. Dallas Causeway Mr & Mrs Bob O‟Neill Coleraine Mr & Mrs J.McCandless Coleraine Mr & Mrs Stanley Hilyard Donaghadee Dr H.Haslett Cheltenham Miss I. Wilson Edinburgh Dr & Mrs Hilton Stewart Belfast Dr & Mrs Boyd Campbell “ Mrs George Warden Newtownards Miss Kitty Smith Leeds Mr H. Reid & Dr AEH Reid Belfast Dr & Mrs J. Nicholson Bangor Mr & Mrs Jack Dowling Belfast Rev & Mrs Watson Donaghadee Mr & Mrs Donald Campbell Ayr Mrs Calderwood Donaghadee Mr Harry Corbet Belfast J. Trevor McConnell “ Mr H Houston Jordanstown Sally & Alex Houston “ Mr & Mrs Latimor (E. Mason) Ballymena Mrs J. McCamont Belfast Mrs Jeff Anderson “ Mr Harry Allan Holywood Mr Jas Warden Newtownards Mr Tom Bailey “ Mr & Mrs Tom Bloomer Ballymena Mr & Mrs Alex Smith Belfast Mr & Mrs Pat Brand “ Rev & Mrs Jasper Robinson “ Mr & Mrs Harry Leeburn Wellington NZ Ned Archibald Belfast Mr & Mrs Medlock Craigavad

Among the many interesting names here, "Capt and Mrs McCahan" of Deal in Kent stands out. Was this some relative? McCahan and O'Cahan?

298 Appendix B Tributes to some of the family

Mary Jane Kane “Many readers, both at home and abroad, will regret to learn that Mrs. Kane, of the Royal Hotel, Giant‟s Causeway, died on Thursday morning. She had been ailing and feeble for a considerable time. No one about the famous resort of tourists will be more missed and regretted, not only by the immediate neighbours, but by visitors from every part of the United Kingdom, as well as from America. Her remarkable strength of character, combined with the keenest business instincts, enabled her to build up an extensive and flourishing hotel business. As a hostess it would be hard to find her equal. Her urbanity and never-ending attention to the wants of her customers made her loved and respected by all of them, and few visitors who called at the “Royal” but took away the pleasantest memories of the treatment received at her hands. Far and near Mrs. Kane‟s good name has scintillated, and hundreds, nay, thousands, over land and sea remember the warm, comforting hand-grasp with which she welcomed and sped her innumerable patrons to and from her “Home from Home.” The hotel was opened by Mrs. Kane in 1863, at the time of her marriage. The premises had been in possession of her husband‟s family for four generations. A licence for the hotel was obtained about twenty-two years ago. Mr. Francis Kane, the husband, died in 1899. Mrs. Kane is survived by one married daughter, now residing in England, and two sons, who have been brought up to the business, and by whom it will be continued as formerly.” (Coleraine Chronicle, April 1904).

Note: Genealogically, the key is the reference to four generations. “Had been” (past tense) is used presumably because Francis was dead at the time of writing. The clear inference is that he was the fourth of the Kane line to be at The Causeway. This supports my contention that John Kane’s grandfather, possibly Patrick O’Cahan of Tonduff, was the first. There is also evidence that Francis’s full names were Francis Frederick Patrick, as he was “Francis F”, and “Francis P” and “Francis FP” in the census records.

299

Dr George Smith

Note: This is one of several such references. The others all use the word “exceptional.” He was what would now be called a mature student, going to Queen’s University, Belfast when he was 22 – having tried the traditional farming business at Islandmagee.

300

Dr FF Kane

Coleraine Chronicle, March 1981. Note: He had a dry, wry sense of humour. He always asked me “How are the balls of your legs?” And he referred to Muriel as “spouse.” He was an elder of Fisherwick Presbyterian Church.

301 George Smith

The Larne Times, July 1900.

302 Dr George Kane

Ballymena Observer, August 2000 by John McConnell.

303 Appendix B

Brendan Bracken

My education started at Bushmills. It was almost unheard of, certainly in North Antrim, for one to “cross the border” to go to school, but that‟s what I did in 1952. My father had been to Rockport, a prep school near Bangor, and then to Sedbergh in Yorkshire, dubbed the Eton of the north. My uncles all went to Coleraine Academical Institution, but I had missed a year of school because of illness, and I desperately needed special scholastic attention. Headfort was a prep school at Kells in County Meath and my friend Robin Thompson from Belfast was there. There was a succession battle over who should be its next headmaster, the result of which was that the loser left and started his own school in Clonskeagh, in the southern suburbs of Dublin. My mother and her very dear friend, Maureen Thompson, conspired that the two boys should both go to Brook House where Peter and Paddy Ross were starting the school. Twelve boys. That was the size of it in its second term in September 1952 when I started. The small classes were ideal for me and I was able to pass the Common Entrance exam (to get into any of the big English public schools) in November 1955. Sedbergh accepted me. And my days of cross channel ferries began in January 1956. One of only four boys from Ireland going there in those days. It was a struggle to pay the fees. But there is a God, and prayers are answered. And there is an Irish connection where e‟re ye roam. The chairman of the governors of Sedbergh at that time was Brendan Bracken and I was introduced to him by the headmaster. “Brendan, this is Smith, the boy I was telling you about - from Ireland.” He never used his title – Lord Bracken of Christchurch – bestowed on him in Churchill‟s honours list of 1952. Shortly thereafter, my mother received a letter from the school saying that I had been awarded “an old boy‟s scholarship”. I cannot be sure, but I think the source of the funding was Lord Bracken himself. I spoke to him a few times subsequently and certainly tried to express my gratitude. He always sought me out when ever he came to the school, asking me how it was going. I had a warm feeling towards him.

He donated a bronze bust of Churchill which was placed in the school library in the main reading room which was named the Churchill

304 Room. I thought this odd. Churchill went to Harrow, after all, and although a leading figure of the twentieth century and worthy of all the respect we could bestow, he didn‟t belong at Sedbergh. And he was still alive! But who, who really was my benefactor and what was that Irish connection and what was the Churchill bit? He certainly gave nothing away to me. Never did he admit to being Irish, but he didn‟t need to. He was a large man, of pale complexion, but it was the shock of unruly fading red hair and the typical rural facial features, for me, gave it away, not his hard-to-place accent. I did not know that the pale complexion was that of a dying man. He was an enigma if ever there was one. The rumour was that he was Churchill‟s illegitimate son, and, both strong and plausible though the rumour was, neither man ever denied it. To add fuel to the mystery, he ordered that when he died all his papers were to be destroyed. One can only guess at the frustration felt by his would-be biographers. What I understood was that Churchill was in Ireland in some military capacity for some three months. While there, he had a liaison with a girl of lowly standing. This encounter resulted in the birth of Brendan. As it happens, Churchill had returned from the Boer War in South Africa and was campaigning for a seat in the House of Commons (Oldham – for the second time. This time he won) when the Bracken conception took place in June 1900, for he was born on 15th February 1901. But let nothing stand in the way of a good story. There is no doubt Bracken was born in Ireland, but he was less than candid about his circumstances, and his putative father died when he was four, having been an active Fenian and a founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association. After a spell in Australia, my benefactor emerged as a pupil at Sedbergh. I wonder who paid his fees. It is said he made good use of his Old Sedbergian tie, and was elected to Parliament as Conservative member for North Paddington in 1929. From the earliest, he was a Churchill devotee. He was also a prominent publisher and friend of Beaverbrook. He became a Privy Councillor in 1940 and was at Churchill‟s side when he moved into 10 Downing Street in 1941, becoming his Parliamentary Private Secretary. For most of the war years, however, he held the influential cabinet post of Minister of Information (1941-1945) and if there was no familial relationship, certainly an intimate working one now developed.

305 He is credited with having had a major influence in getting the Americans to come into the war. Like Churchill, he was (briefly) First Lord of the Admiralty. He published both the Financial Times and The Economist. There is a further Irish connection: he had esophageal cancer and was a lapsed Catholic. His nephew, Father Kevin Bracken, at that time a Trappist monk at Bethlehem Abbey, , , tried to get him to receive the last rights, but his uncle would have none of it. He died in August 1958 and all his papers were destroyed a day later.

Brendan Bracken

Let the record show: he was good to me.

306 Appendix C

The Drury dedication to Lord Antrim

To the Right Honourable Alexander McDonnel Earl of Antrim this Plate is humbly inscribed by S Drury. This Natural Pavement is fomewhat of a Triangular shape: From (a) ye South to (b) a Gap at ye East Angle is 135 yds from yt to ye end of ye North Point (c)220:from thence back to ye end of ye South Point 300. The sea beating in divides ye Side into 3 Parts or Points (c,d,e) It consists of abt 30,000 Pillars of different Sizes, from 15 to 26, but generally abt 20 Inches over, Each having 5,6, or 7 flat Sides, & yt which joyns ye side of another Pillar is of ye fame Breadth with It, tho’ 2 sides of ye same Pillar rarely are, each Pillar having as many others joyn’d close round it as it hath Sides, except ye outermost Ones, which shew 1,2 or 3 Faces to view as (f,g,h) No 2 have all their sides of ye same Breadth nth each other, or in ye same, or any certain order round them: One ye side (g) 8 Inches, ye next side 17, then 13, 18,14: Another as (h) 10,9,13,11,4,12: At (f) 8,13,11,13,12,14: At (i) 14,13,13,9,12,8,12, Fractions of an Inch omitted. There are abt half a Dozen of 4 & 8 sides. The S.West Part from (c) thro’ (a) is 120 yds to ye South end which is buryed under Earth, Stones & Fragments of Rock like as (k) is: It cou’d not be quite brought in without diminishing all ye rest. The Pillars here are of a very dark Colour; lean a little to ye S.East, crack’d every way & almost loose their Shape near the Water: Those toward ye middle contract a browner Coat. At (l) a stack of Pillars 30 yds long, some 8 Foot above their Neighbours of a whitish Colour all over; as ye Tops of all near ye Land are; altho’ ye Sides of some abt (m) be Colour’d like rusty Iron. Here is a Well (n) of fresh Water (75 yds from ye Gap) whofe sides & bottom are of ye same kind of Pillars, from 13 to 15 only, in Diameter: The middle Part contracts a sandy Colour a little toward red. From (o) a Fragment of Rock having Stones sticking in it, somewhat like ye regular ones, to (p) a Smooth Pafsage to ye Water; 60 yds thencs to (d) 30 more, being ye end of a Mount of Pillars, abt 15 yds broad & 7 high. The Main Part is, from ye Gap, 40 yds of very Tall Pillars to (q) which is 33 feet high. They lean to ye West: Thence to (r) where ye Tide flows, 120 yds. From thence it Tapers down thro’ (c) 60 more before it ends in ye Sea at Ebb, in like manner as ye Point (e) does. This Part at (s) is 60 yds broad, At (t) a thin Sod covering ye Tops of Pillars. Some Pillars for 2 or 3 Foot seem One Stone (u) is 12 Foot having but one Division; but generally Each consists of many Stones from 6 to 13, but commonly abt 8 Inches deep. Scarce any 2 Stones in ye same Pillar have ye same Depth or are in any certain Order down, or in any 2 Pillars alike: One has ye upper Stone (v) 8 Inches, ye next

307 under it 6, ye third 9: Another 11, 12, 9, 7, 8, 6, 7: Another (m) 7, 8, 6, 10, Measuring from ye Crevice which is small as a Thread when they begin to Separate. The Stones of different Pillars do not at all even one with another: When ye Stones of a Pillar are forced asunder we see either ye Top of ye Under Stone, or Bottom of ye Upper one, by which it was joined to ye others; has a smooth Convexity rifing 2 or 3 Inches high in ye middle, terminated in a Circle from 15 to 23, but generally abt 20 Inches Diameter which is within an Inch of ye Angular Circumference (j) The other Stone has a Circular Cavity (v) exactly fitted to receive it so as to touch every where, Each Stone having one End Convex ye other Concave. In some Pillars ye Convex End of each Stone is Upward (f) in others as (h) all downwards. Some few have in them a Double Convex (x) ye hollow End of ye Stone above & below turned to it Some few a Double Concave (y) ye swelled End of ye Stone both above & below turned to fit in it. Some few have both sorts as (z) which was broken on ye pathway. At top of ye same Hill abt 90 yds high are Pillars of ye same kind & size. At 300 yds on ye East is a Range of 60 Pillars called Organs (2) part of some are fall’n which discovers more behind. Ye Tallest is abt 40 Foot, having above 40 Ioynts. The Earth wash’d off at ye point of Land (3) shews a red sandy Rock & Path. Abt 500 yds from ye Causway on ye Top of ye farthest point ftand 4 Pillars, call’d ye Chimneys, a little separated from others which stick to ye Rock, ye longest having 15 Ioynts, ye upper Ones ready to fall. At (4 & 5) are abt a Dozen Pillars, seen very distinctly with a Glafs. At (6 & 7) ar many more much worn. At (8) a large Rock beyond which (almost clof’d to a round Bason 7 yds over) ye rugged black Rock is divided into Polygons, some 3 feet over. All ye Stones of ye Pillars when separated or broken, are of a very dark Grey and are very hard & heavy, one Stone weighing two hundred & an half, they are of a fine Gritt, break fharp, clink like Iron & melt in a Smiths Forge, ye Fragments on ye Caufway which seem to have fall’n from abt (g) where fome ftill lye, are much of ye same fubftance. Publish’d according to Act of Parliament Feb. 1: 1743/4 by S. Drury; Whole Original Paintings of ye Causway obtain’d ye Premium given, for ye Year 1740, by ye Rev’d Sam Madden DD to be determin’d by ye Hon’ble the Dublin Society for ye Encouragement of Arts and Sciences.

308

Appendix D

Extract from Petty’s Survey of Four Baronies (1654)

The Barony of Carie

Beginning n the East by the British Ocean comprehending the little Island called the Sheep Island1, and the Island of Raghlyn, unto the foote or the River of Coshandin, on the South, which divides this Barony from the Barony of Glenarme, and soe by the said brooke or River to a little brooke running thereinto called Sruangortidonnell, and soe goeth Westward along the said brooke to the ffoord called Bellanabroge, and thence north westward to a place in the mountayne called Sleavebane, and soe to the top of the mountayne called Monyscano, and from thence to a place called Cregnabrillog, and the top of the mountayne called Cowle, and so to Lagnacaple and the top of the mountayne called Lemnastallen, and thence to the top of the mountayne Lemnesillidragh, where this Barony boundeth on the Barony of Dunluce, and so Northwestward downe a little brooke called Finrowan to the foote of the brooke called Clynary, and up that brooke southwestward to the top of the mountayne on the back of the hill called Crowaghan, and thence straight up to the top of a little brooke called Glassnaferney, and soe southwestwardto the Bush Water, and thence by that Water unto the lower end of Streamadowey, and thence northward through a little bogg, till it come to a little carne of stones called Glenanpatrick, and soe to a little foord called Bellavillie upon the river Dervock, and soe along the northside of the said Water westward to the foote of the brooke called Glassineryn, and from thence up that brooke to a little foorde thereon, as the way leads from the foorde upon Bonvellen Water and Loghlenish – and soe up the said brooke through a large moss bogg till it be between the half towneland of Cruaghbeg in this Barony, and the quarterland of Islands in the Barony of Dunluce, and thence on the north side of black moore head of land in the said moss, and so to the top of the Bogg called Eberduffe, and soe along the said Bogg through a little moss unto the north end of a hill called Cowebfishyn into a little brooke of Water that falleth downe into a little Turfe Bogg, and thence to the south side of the great Rocke called Cloghercraige, and soe westward downe an old ditch to the foorde between the qr Land of Egerie in the Barony of Dunluce, and Maghreboy in this Barony, from thence westward along the high way

1 Off Ballintoy, near Carrick-a-Reede rope bridge.

309 by the head of Maghereboy by a little Dogg hill, and soe straight into the Bush Water againe opposite to the place called Logenadoaid, at the entry of the Bushmill Waire, and soe down along the said River unto the sea where the Meare began. The Soyle towards the sea coast is indifferent good in most places. About the middle part of it a light hasely ground with great and spacious Dales of Red Bogg lying intermixed through the Land, and towards the south east is utterly barren and Mountainous. The Rivers riseing in this Barony are onely the water of Dervock which runneth into the River of Bush, many springs whereof doe likewise rise out of this Barony, as also the Water of Ballycastle, which falleth into the British Ocean northeastward at Ballycastle Towne.

Sheep Island from Bengore Head on the Dunseverick Castle Walk with Rathlin, Mull of Kintyre and Fair Head in the distance.

310 Appendix E

This is a note by the Rev George Hill (1810-1900) in his book An historical account of The Macdonnells of Antrim (1873) dealing with the justification the kings of England had for doling out land in Ireland as if it were theirs to give. He is referring to the year 1551.

The kings of England were long in the habit of keeping up a claim on lands in Ireland, alleging certain rights of inheritance. Their claim on Ulster, for example, was made out as follows: “Lacye enjoyed all Ulster during his life, which was 70 years after the Conquest, and had one only daughter, that was married to Sir Walter de Burke, Lord of Connaught, who enjoyed them both during his life, and had issue Sir William de Burke, , who had issue Richard de Burke, who was Earl of Ulster, and Lord of Connaught, and kept them both in prosperity, but was traitorously slain, leaving but one daughter, his heir. His daughter, named Elizabeth, was married to Lionel, Duke of Clarence, third son of King Edward III. Lionel was his father’s lieutenant of Ireland, and had the same revenues as his father-in-law, and he made no long stay there. Neither he nor any of his heirs provided any good defence for their lands in Ulster and Connaught, by occasion of which, in the time of King Henry VI, all Ulster was clean lost. The king is right heir to the said Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaught, and yet hath no more profit thereby, but only the manor of Carlingforde, which is scarce worth 100 merks by the year.”( Calendar of the Carew MSS, 1st series, pp 4,5) The plea put forward on behalf of English princes as hereditary sovereigns of Ireland is still more questionable. This plea is embodied in the well- known act of the 11th of Elizabeth abolishing the title of The O’Neill, and is thus stated:- “ And, therefore, it may like your Majesty to bee advertised, that the auncient chronicles of the realme, written both in Latine, English, and Irish tongues, allege sundrie auncient titles for the Kings of England to this lande of Ireland. And first, that at the beginning afore the comminge of Irishmen into the said lande, they were dwelling in a province of Spaine called Biscau, whereof Bayon was a member, and chiefe cittie. And that at the said Irishmen comminge into Ireland, one King Gurmonde, son to the noble King Belan, Kinge of Greate Britaine, which now is called

311 England, was Lord of Bayon, as many of his successors were to the tyme of Henry II, first conqueror of this realme, and therefore the Irishmen should be the King of England his people, and Ireland his lande. Another title is, that at the same time that Irishmen came out of Biscay, as exiled persons, in sixtie ships, they met with the same King Gurmonde upon the sea, at the yles of Orcades, thin coming from Denmark, with great victorie, their captaines called Heberus and Hermon, went to this king, and told him the cause of their comminge out of Biscay, and prayed him with great instance that he would graunt unto them, that they might inhabite some land in the west. The king at last, by advice of his counsel, graunted them Ireland to inhabite, and assigned unto them guides for the sea to bring them thither; and, therefore, they (the Irish) should and ought to bee the King of England’s men.” Irish Statutes, vol.i., pp.230, 231.

Photograph reproduced courtesy the Trustees of National Museums .

312 Appendix F Some prices in 1840

Extracted from Rev Robert MacGregor Inverness-shire: Island of Skye: Parish of Kilmuir. 1840.

Rent of arable land per acre 8 shillings (s) Grazing and wintering a cow or ox 3 pounds (₤) Grazing a ewe or full-grown sheep 4s Wages of male servants per annum ₤5 “ “ maid “ ₤2 10s2 Labour per day 1s and 6 pence (d)3 Country artisans per day 2s Masons, carpenters etc per day 2s 6d Butter per lb.4 9d Cheese per lb. 3½d Potatoes per barrel5 1s 9d Oats per peck 1s 2d Small bearded oats per peck6 6d Barrel of cured herring ₤1 5s Barley per peck 1s 2d Oatmeal per 280 lb. sack ₤2 Barley meal “ “ ₤1 12s Sythe oil per gallon 2s 6d Coarse country cloth per yard 2s Strong home manufactured kelt7 per yard 2s 6d Blankets per pair 12s Woven country cloths per yard 4d A cupple of unsquared wood with kebbers8 8s A cas-chròm fully mounted9 5s 6d Hide tanning per lb. dry 5d Pair of shoes for a labourer 12s “ “ single soled 10s 6d

2 “Two pounds ten.” 3 “One and six.” 4 Lb is an avoirdupois pound. 1lb is 0,45 kilograms. 5 Variable between 30 and 40 gallons. About 160 litres. 6 A peck was 2 gallons or just over 9 litres. 7 Cured salmon, specifically salmon that returned to the river of its birth and has recently spawned. 8 A kebber is not the rafter but “small wood” laid on rafters immediately under the divots or thatch. No definition of cupple, but by inference also used in securing the roof in the house of a fisherman, guide or subsistence farmer. 9 Caschrom means literally crooked foot. It was the small foot plough or crooked spade widely used in the small farms of the Hebrides and North Antrim.

313 Women’s shoes per pair 7s Making a pair of strong shoes 2s 6d Cheviot wool per lb. when smeared 8d Cross-breed wool per lb. 1s 6d Black-faced breed wool per lb. 4½d Milk cows ₤7 Horses ₤8 Cheviot sheep and lamb ₤1 5s Cheviot wedder 10 ₤1 Cross-breed sheep and lamb 16s 6d Black-faced “ “ “ 12s English coals per ton ₤1 4s Local coals 11 18s Cart, mounted ₤8 Pair of harrows, mounted ₤1 6s Wooden plough, mounted ₤2 15s Shoeing a horse, labour and iron included 3s 6d Yellow American pine per cubical foot 2s 6d White “ “ 2s 3d Norway pine 2s 9d Memel pine 3s 3d Fir 1s 6d Oak 2s 6d Ash 3s Alder 1s 6d Black birch 3s An ordinary fishing boat ₤6 A pair of oars ready made 7s Slates per thousand ₤2 15s Bull, given out for hire for the season ₤3 A wheel-barrow ₤1 A fresh cod 4d A fresh ling12 7d Fowls each 6d Eggs per dozen 3d

The pound was twenty shillings. A shilling was twelve pence. Cheese was “thruppence ha’penny.” Converted to today’s buying power, ₤1 in 1840 is ₤44.10; 1s then is ₤2.21 and “thruppence” is 55p.

10 A castrated ram. 11 From the mines at Ballycastle. 12 A long, slender type of cod, molva molva.

314 Appendix G

Churchill’s County Antrim connection

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (1874-1965) is a name so familiar he needs no introduction. But his connection with the Causeway Coast and the Glens of Antrim is little known. It is a fact that he inherited property at Carnlough in 1921. Carnlough, 20 miles (32km) on the Ballycastle (north) side of Larne, is at the bottom of Glencloy, the second of the nine Glens of Antrim. It is also not always appreciated that the World War II Prime Minister was related to the Macdonnells, the Earls of Antrim. He was a direct descendant, as we shall see, and this is how he came to own Garron Tower and the Londonderry Arms Hotel (as it is now). In this latter name lies the clue. Let‟s have a look at the family tree. Churchill‟s father was Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (1849- 1895), the third son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. This duke, Churchill‟s grandfather, was Sir John Winston Spencer-Churchill (1822- 1883)13 who, in 1843, married Lady Frances Anne Emily Vane (1822- 1899), the only daughter of Charles William Vane (1778-1854), the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry. In case I am losing you: Churchill‟s grandmother was Lady Vane, later the Duchess of Marlborough. Her father, and therefore Churchill‟s great grandfather, was the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry. The title Marquess of Londonderry is a title in the , as are both the first and second Earldoms of Antrim. A marquessate ranks between an earldom and a dukedom. The marquessate of Londonderry was created in 1816 for Robert Stewart who, in 1796, had been made Earl of Londonderry in the Peerage of Ireland and, a year earlier, Viscount Castlereagh (Irish), so you get a feel for the ranking of the nobility, not that earls, marquesses or dukes are created from scratch nowadays. You have to inherit the titles unless you are a close relative of the monarch. What adds to confusion is that great Irish achievers of yesteryear made contributions to British history and so were honoured in the Peerage of the United Kingdom as well.

13 At about the time Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were trying to persuade their errant son, the Prince of Wales, to become Viceroy of Ireland, the position was offered to the 7th Duke of Marlborough. The year was 1874. Churchill‟s grandfather later did take the job. He was Lord Lieutenant from 1876 until 1880. Another Irish- Churchill connection.

315 Robert Stewart (1739-1821), at the time of his death, had three titles: Viscount Castlereagh, Earl of Londonderry and Marquess of Londonderry. These titles passed to his son by his first marriage, also Robert Stewart, best known as Lord Castlereagh, who out lived him by only a year. His son by his second marriage is Churchill‟s direct ancestor and his name was Charles William Stewart, born in Dublin in 1778. Such were Charles‟s achievements, military, diplomatic and political, that he was further (than by birth) ennobled as Baron Stewart of Stewart‟s Court and Ballylawn in County Donegal in 1814. He attended the Congress of Vienna with his half brother, the British Foreign Secretary Lord Castlereagh, in 1814/1815 which sorted out the map of Europe after the mess made of it by Napoleon. He inherited all his father‟s titles on Castlereagh‟s death in 1822, so, inter alia, becoming the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry in that year.

3rd Marquess of Londonderry

In 1823 he was created Earl Vane and Viscount Seaham, both titles in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His second wife was a wealthy heiress, the only child of Sir Henry Vane-Tempest and Anne Catherine Macdonnell (1778-1834), Countess

316 of Antrim in her own right.14 Her name at birth was Frances Anne Emily Vane-Tempest. And she married him in 1819.15

The Marchioness of Londonderry, only child of the 2nd Countess of Antrim

He promptly changed his name by royal licence to Vane, the name he subsequently used for his new earldom. This is why Frances Anne Emily is known by the last name Vane. She was after all Countess Vane from 1823 – among her many titles, which of course included Marchioness of Londonderry. One of their homes was Mount Stewart at Greyabbey, County Down, a National Trust property today. The Earl and Countess Vane had a daughter in 1822. Just to confuse historians, they came up with the names Frances Anne Emily for her. In 1843 she married Sir John Winston Spencer-Churchill, later the 7th Duke of Marlborough, Churchill‟s grandfather. When the 3rd Marquess died in 1854, the Marchioness came into her own, displaying the characteristics of her father, the Durham coal magnate. Described as autocratic, extravagant and proud, in her widowhood she emerged as an astute businesswoman, well able to manage, and even expand, the family wealth. It was the Marchioness, the first of the name Frances Anne Emily, who, in 1848 to 1850, built Garron Tower on the Antrim coast as her summer home. On her death in 1865, it passed to her daughter, now “Duchess Fanny,” who in 1843 had married John Winston Spencer- Churchill, the 7th Duke of Marlborough. When she died in 1899 she left it to her children who included Lord Randolph, Churchill‟s father.

14 This Countess of Antrim scandalised society when she remarried a man of obscure origin called Edmund Phelps in 1817. Sir Henry died in 1813. Phelps took the name Macdonnell. 15 She may have been motivated to marry young to get away from her parents of whom she wrote “Never was any child treated so harshly as I was by my Father, Mother and Governess.”

317

Anne Catherine Macdonnell, daughter of the 6th Earl of Antrim and 1st Countess in her own right and the great, great grandmother of Churchill.

You may be wondering about the phrases “in her own right” and “the first and second earldoms of Antrim.” The 6th Earl of Antrim (Randal William Macdonnell) (1749-1791) had no male issue to pass both his titles16 to, so he petitioned the king through Parliament to be allowed to pass the earldom through the female line. The effect of the royal assent was that a new earldom was created (the second creation of 1785) and he, having been the 6th Earl, now became the 1st Earl, and the numbering started all over again. The other result was that, Anne Catherine, his eldest daughter, became Countess in her own right, “countess” normally being a title reserved for the wife of an earl. Since the numbering had restarted with her father, she was styled 2nd Countess. She too died without male issue, so her sister, Charlotte, became the 3rd Countess of Antrim. Charlotte was already married to Lord Mark Kerr17 and this marriage did produce a male heir who was able to take the title 4th Earl of Antrim (in the second earldom), but not “Marquess of Antrim.” He was Hugh Seymour, grandson of the Marquis of Lothian. He took the name Macdonnell and renounced his right to the Scottish titles. The passing of the title through the female line saw the breaking up of the estates, already stressed because of debt and litigation. Francis Anne Emily the first inherited one sixth from her mother the 2nd Countess after much legal wrangling, and Charlotte got the rest. Note that the Vane-Tempest/Londonderry wealth now merged with that one sixth with the result that in 1871 some 13 781 acres in County Antrim were Vane-Tempest and 43 292 acres were Earl of Antrim land plus 112 acres in Portstewart.

16 He had the royal assent for the revival the title Marquess of Antrim which had died out on the death of his uncle who had no sons. 17 Portrush, part of the Macdonnell estate, has Mark Street and Kerr Street.

318 As we have seen in the main text, the 6th Marquess of Londonderry, he who espoused the cause for the right of way at the time of the Causeway Case, decided to put all the names together, so he was Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart. Just think, he could have gone a step further and added Spencer-Churchill. Churchill kept the Carnlough property until 1950. There is no record of him visiting it or of endowing the school18 into which Garron Tower was transformed in the following year.

Garron Tower

18 St MacNissi‟s College.

319 A Glossary

¶ A little bird told me. ¶ Harvey O. Brooks (Number one in Hit Parade of 1948).

The sound of any language is of the essence, and, as the north Antrim dialect was an integral part of my life there, I want to share it with you. Anyway, we don‟t want any misunderstandings, so I am constrained to give you a glossary. There are expressions and words you don‟t seem to hear now but which mine me of the time covered by this book, roughly my fist ten years which is 1943 to 1952. You won‟t find them in a dictionary, or if you do, the definition will be somewhat different.

About: in the area. Agaain: “Och, ya can pay me agaain” means next time you‟re in the shop, you can pay for these messages. Aff: can be either of or off. Ai or aye: always. Apt: true, correct. “Too bloody apt” is absolutely. Artist: a clever evader of authority. Aul: old. “The Aul‟ Lammas Fair o‟ Ballycastle-o.”

Bagle’s gowl: An indeterminate distance over which a dog‟s baying can be heard. Bates: beats. Bates Banagher: unsurpassed. Be-te-be: it was bound to happen. “He be-te-be catchin‟ a chill after fallin‟ in the sheugh.” Bit: somewhat. “A bit of a party” is much drinking. Also “Not a bit of it”: not remotely. “She isn‟t pregnant. Not a bit of it.” Also “a bit of a turn” is a character. “Fight the bit out” is having one helluva row. Bother me arse: take the trouble. Nae bother atall means no trouble at all. Boys or boy-o: People. “Them boys” is those. But “some boy-o thon,” implies some degree of rascality. Boysaboys: an expression of mild surprise. “I‟m pregnant.” “Boysaboys.” Brave, bravely: Used as a general (and often vague) term of approval; a compliment. “A brave few” is several, used especially in connection with the quantity of haffins consumed. Good or well would be a synonym.

320

Ceilidh: Gaelic. Pronounced “kay-lee.” An Irish (or Scottish) social gathering with traditional music, dancing, and storytelling. It would be good craic. Coddin’: leg-pulling. “A didna mean it. A was only coddin’.” Coorse: opposite of refined. Cope: overturn; topple. Clachan: hamlet; labourers‟ cottages built in a row or three sides of a square. From Scots Gaelic. Clary: make a mess. Clatter: an unspecified quantity. Cleg: horsefly. (From Old Norse). „Clare-to-me-Jasus: I declare to my Jesus; swear to God; honest to goodness; no word of a lie. Crater or critter: person. Implicitly, “poor” is the adjective used. “Wid ya look at thon poor crater.” Craic: Irish Gaelic, pronounced “crack”. Means conversation; party ambiance. Invariably proceeded by “good” or “great.” Creel: wicker basket used to catch lobster. Cut: intoxicated. Invariably prefixed with “half”. So you could have “Yer man was half cut. I seen him lavin‟ Johnny McBride‟s at half aleven”. But also used to mean appearance or impression as in “I didn‟t like the cut aff him”.

Day ya know what a’m gaan te tell ya, sin. Not a question so much as an introductory remark, rhetorical forward/preamble to statement. Do you know what I am going to tell you, son? Day-sent: decent; wholesome; of a fundamentally good character. “An awfully day-sent soul.” Did so: “She did so.” Used to counter any gainsaying. No word of a lie; honestly. Disney: does not. Dotin’: under an illusion due to advanced years. Doubt: certainty. “I doubt it‟s goin‟ t‟ rain” = it is going to rain. Dreigh: adjective. Dreary with a touch of foreboding. Used of climatic conditions or a place or of both in combination. Scots origin. Dunt: hit; bang; crash; knock. “He hit hm a right dunt.”

321 Far back: educated elocution with an Oxford twinge. Mrs Dooner19 spoke thus; therefore she was a bit far back. Farl: a roughly triangular shaped cake of soda (or wheaten) bread. Fash: Scots Gaelic verb meaning bother, trouble, worry; put yourself out. “Dinna fash yersel‟.” Fadge: potato bread.

Fadgy: lacking in firmness; fadge-like. ”Fadgy arse.” Fawn costume: as in “You can stick it up your fawn costume” is somewhere to put an unwelcome suggestion. Fernenst: straight ahead. Feelin’ yersel’: not what you think. Wellbeing, state of good health. Also at yersel’: behaving normally or in good health. Also beside yersel‟: at emotional breaking point. Fly boy: clever dick.

Gaai: very. Ganch: lack of fluency of speech or clear enunciation, but not a stammer. Gansey: upper over garment also called a Guernsey. Knitted from oiled wool and dyed navy blue, it was quite water resistant. Patterned in the body and upper sleeves, the lower part of the sleeves were usually knit plain so that when the elbow or wrist area of the sleeve was worn through, the lower sleeves could be cut off and re-knitted. Originating in the Royal Navy in the nineteenth century, this sweater was much favoured by the guides and boatmen of The Causeway. Gather: Compose, prepare. “I just need to gather mesel‟”. Gnagh: Sexual urge. cf the Scots Gaelic word “gnaths” which means habit. Rhymes with blagh. Gob: mouth. “Shut yer gob.” Gob stoppers are big sweets. The Irish Gaelic word for mouth or bill. Gran’: grand, but more like great. “It‟s a gran’ day” means it‟s not raining and you can see the White Rocks. Graip: a four pronged dung fork. Attributed to Rabbie Burns, but definitely Scots. Greet, greetin’: weep; weeping. “Quit your greetin‟. The snot is running frae yer bake.”

19 Mrs Dooner lived in Saltpans, next to the harbour at Portballintrae. She was Marion Emily Dooner born in 1877, died 29.12.1959. She took tea with Sir Francis and Lady Macnaghten, the Traills of Ballylough and the Honourable the Misses Macnaghten of Runkerry.

322 Haffin: a tot of whiskey, normally poured from a spirit measure. Half a glass. It would have been a case of sending a wee fella on a man‟s job if you poured a haffin in The Nook. Doubles were the norm. Haan’: hand. “Gee us a haan” is help me. Hae: have. Handlin: mess. “He made a sewer handlin aff parkin‟ the khar.” Heed: head. Also pay careful attention as in “Dinna heed yer mon” meaning pay him no attention. Hefted: needing to move one‟s bowels, but resisting that urge. (Not loosely). Hee-ght: tall. Hell rub it into ya: You deserve it. Heugh: a two-note shout to express exuberance. “Alec let a heugh out of him.” Not unlike a yodel. Hoke: poke so as to extract. “Hokin‟ and pokin‟ around” is nosing round. Hoore: whore. “Whoa. Ya dinna want to mak a hoore outa the wee heifer.” Howl: hold. Over heard at an early gang-bang: “Howl her doon. She‟ll day th‟ baath aff us.”

Job: some wrong doing; sexual intercourse. So “I seen yer man on the job in the sand hills” is I caught him in flagrante delicto. Jorum: a drink (or a drinking vessel). Biblical. cf “jar,” much used in Dublin. Juke: evade; elude; dodge. “When he seen Constable Morrison, he soon juked b‟hine th‟ hedge.”

Keh-oh: shout for attention. Like “yo- ho.” Khar: car. Khart: cart.

Lammas: August moon when the harvest is celebrated. Larne: port town in east Antrim. Also means learn. “That‟ll larne you” therefore boils down to That experience is one from which you will learn a lesson. Lais-an-ee: prayer for safety, invoking God‟s help. “Ah laise an ee” is I hope to God. Layin’ away: having an adulterous affair. Lees-youre: leisure. “At your lees-youre.” Some vague time in the future, as promised. Lep: leap. “The salmon is fair leppin‟ in th‟ Bush th‟ day.” Like such which: the like of such or the like of which. Lit on: admit. “Sure she knew all along, but wouldna lit on.”

323 Lug: ear. “The teacher gave her a cuff on the lug. I‟m tellin‟ ya. She- did-so-she-did.”

Make a hoore outa the wee heifer: overdo it; repeat an action excessively. Many’s a good tune played on an aul’ fiddle: It‟s still possible to have good sex in advanced years. Many’s a time: often. Man dear: argumentative or jocular form of address to either sex. Messages: shopping. “A‟m just goin‟ up the town t‟ do me messages.” Mine: remember, remind. But “Mine yersel‟” means be careful. If you‟re goin‟ up the Headlands with Alec, mine yersel‟. Mitch: play truant.

Nae or naw: not. Neuk: steal. Noan or nane: not any; none. No flies on: also no dozer. Not to be underestimated intellectually. “Hugh Lecky was no dozer. There were no flies on him, so there weren‟t.” Notion: idea; conception. Also (pre-conception) romantic feeling as in “He had a great notion of her.”

Oxters: armpits. “He fell in the sheugh up til hes oxters, A‟m sayin‟.” Also used as a verb: “We oxered the big woman into the khar.”

Parfel: an adjective which expresses high quality. Powerful. “The craic was parfel. Parfel all th‟ gether.” Pech: grunt, sigh or pant. “Quit yer pechin‟ and groanin‟, would ya.” Polis: what you find in a police barracks. Poteen: whiskey from an illicit source. Home brewed spirit, usually from pratties. Gaelic word. Pratties: potatoes. Prattie-picking in October was a two week school holiday. Pur: poor, unfortunate.

Quare: rhymes with fur. Not normal, therefore memorable. But “a quare turn” is an act. “A quare few” is probably too many when used of haffins. “Quare day thon” is a greeting when it‟s not raining.

324 Raisen: Reason, logic. A reasoned argument. “If Ah tuk her up the Headlands, wid sh‟ listen to raisen?” Rascality: the behaviour of a rascal. Reddin’ up: tidying. Derives from re-doing. “When the bar closes, Scott Swan does the reddin’ up.” Rightly: OK or well. “How ya doin‟?” “Rightly.” “Do you know Sammy Dobbin?” “Och aye. Rightly.”

Saft: Having a degree of mental abnormality. Preceded by “a bit.” Sais-he and sais-she with emphasis on the second syllable: Verbalisation of inverted commas. Scaldy: bald, or chick in that state. “There was a wee scaldy in the bird‟s nest.” Scunner: disaffection; dislike; resentment. “Yer man took a real scunner just at the look aff her.” Sheugh (“sh-yuch”): An open ditch, usually on the inside of a hedge atop a bank. “Mister Coal-lin fell aff hes horse an‟ landtit in the sheugh.” Shockin’: aberrant. “Och, he‟s a shockin’ mon all th‟ gether. “Told a shockin’ story.” Shootin’ a line: exaggerating in a self-aggrandising way. Sin: son. A term of endearment when addressed to a male, either man or boy. Skeagh: a thorn bush, especially one with fairies in it. Skif: light shower of rain. Skite: slap. Skutt: invariably preceded by “drunken,” means a female habitual imbiber of strong liquor. Sleekit: sly. “Wee, sleekit, cowerin‟, timorous beastie.” Burns on The Mouse. So long: good bye. Stan a roun: buy a round of drinks. “He‟d packets that deep he niver stood a roun.”

Tare: prolonged drinking spree. “He went on a real tare.” Tall-a-tall: by no stretch of the imagination. Thrawn: perverse; stubborn. Also thran. Tell on: spill the beans. The secret that was isn‟t anymore. Thole: suffer. Put up with. “Doctor Bodie is away, so you‟ll just have to thole.” As a noun, rowlock. Thon: that over there. “Look at thon pur soul.” But also thonder is yonder. Thrapple: throat.

325 Titter o’ wit: Have a titter o’ wit, man! means have a modicum of sense. Turn: “a wee turn” is a short spell of not being your self. Anything from a mild stroke to a lapse of memory, it is something you have. Twa: two. Twarthee: two or three.

Uisce beatha: Pronounced “eesh-key-ba.” Irish Gaelic for whiskey. Also usequebaugh.

Verse-o’-a-song: Liberation of the tongue. “Have another haffin and gie us a verse-o’-a-song there, man dear”.

Wean: child. Probably a contraction of wee one. Weechil’ : the result of pregnancy, post contractions. (Wee child). Wey: with. Whean: a limited quantity. A few. cf clatter. A brave whean is therefore quite a few, a fair quantity. Likely to result in a hangover. Wheatie: a weakling; a poor specimen of humanity. Whisht: silence. Howl yer whisht is be quiet.

Yer man: when with a nod of the head in a particular direction, him over there; the main person; the personality who is the subject of the dissertation. Yin: one. Heed yin is the boss.

A good many are of Scots or Irish Gaelic origin as indicated, but generally speaking, there is a striking similarity between the north Antrim dialect and Elizabethan English20 which is likely to have survived rather longer in the relatively remote parts of north Antrim, notably on , pre radio and TV and before there was a tarred road to Dunseverick. The Presbyterian Scots had some influence. Furthermore, the well documented to-ing and fro-ing that

20 (1274 -1329) retreated to Rathlin Island (or Rachrey as the locals had it) in 1306. Dean Donald Monro writing his Description of the Western Isles having travelled mainly in 1549 gives us a sample of how one probably spoke, and certainly wrote, in those days. Its resemblance to the north Antrim dialect is marked. Here is a sample in the aforementioned context: “On the south-west frae the promontory of Kintyre, upon the coast of Ireland, be four myle to land, layes ane iyle callit Rachlaine, pertaining to Ireland, and possessit thir mony years by Clan Donald of Kintyre four myle lang, and twa myle braide, guid land, inhabit and manurit.”

326 went on in Kingdom of Dalriada in a sort of two-way traffic across the North Channel entailed the export/import of many’s a phrase. I would not want the reader to think that these were words and expressions whose definitions I learned at school. One learned as one would any language – from multiple sources and use, use of ears mostly. For example, thran was a word I heard my mother use but it was one which she found difficulty, as many others have, to define. And so a story was told, as was the custom, to illustrate its meaning. In a wild and remote glen, there was only one wee croft. Inside, there was mother and father and their very constipated son. The mother had a dose of castor oil on a spoon which she was edging towards the tightly compressed lips of the infant. After much cajoling, his lips opened slightly and he uttered, “I‟ll taak it. But I‟ll naw shite”. The repartee, the ability to conjure up a unique description, was something innate among the folk about The Causeway. After her first term at Methody, my mother had grown somewhat – as you would expect at that age. The change did not escape the notice of one of the fishermen at Dunseverick, Sammy Gault. He told her “Miss Kane, y‟ve gote that hee-ght ya coode eat hee aff a half laft.” 21 And while we‟re at it, as they say, here is another. My mother and her friend, Emily Johnston, went to get a lobster at Dunseverick harbour. The boats had been taken out of the water and drawn up to the top of the slipway. The lobsters were in boxes in the sea about thirty yards out. One of the fishermen, Bobby Wilkinson, was there but no one else was about. Being one of nature‟s gentlemen, as all those fishermen were, he offered to go out and get one. He was getting on a bit, and couldn‟t manage to push the boat back down to the water and pull it back up again by himself. So my mother offered to help him. But Emily hung back, excusing herself by saying she had a bad back. Sais-he: “It must be a gaai bad yin that‟s naw better than nane av aw.” 22

In 1982, Paul Theroux the travel writer, walked from Portrush to The Causeway. He records in his book Kingdom by the Sea the way he heard the directions given to him: “ Just a munnut,” a man in Bushmills said. His name was Emmett, about sixty-odd…

21 “You have got so tall you could eat hay of a half-loft.” A half loft was at about a foot above head height or two metres, and covered half the area of a stable or byre. 22 It must be a very bad one if it‟s not better than none at all.

327 “Der’s a wee wudden brudge under the car park. And der’s a bug one farder on – a brudge for trums. Aw, der used to be trums up and down! Aw, but they is sore on money and unded it. Ussun, ye kyan poss along da strond if the tide is dine. But walk on the odder side whar der’s graws.…. But it might be weyat! ..In its notral styat.”

The Nook and Ardihannon from the Royal Hotel c.1920.

The cowman at the farm at the Royal was Sammy Steel. He was also responsible for the chickens and the goat. When he was a weechil‟, he was sent up to Carnside with the nanny goat to get it serviced by their billy goat. Great granny Kane gave him two shillings to pay. However, the farmer up there declined to let the coupling take place, saying the correct servicing fee was half a crown. It was a hot day and it had been quite an effort to get the nanny goat all that way, so Sammy asked “Ogh, cud ye naw gee her just enough t‟ tak the gnagh off her?”

328

Francis Kane's Temperance Refreshment Rooms were up-graded to “hotel” at an early date when Lawrence or his assistant, Robert French, visited The Causeway. This could have been as early as 1864 when Lawrence started his photographic business, though French’s visits were in the period 1870- 1914. Courtesy of the National Library of Ireland.

329 Bibliography

Cahal Dallat A Tour of the Causeway Coast. (The Friar‟s Bush Press, Belfast ,1990). WD Girvan List of Historic Buildings, Groups of Buildings, Areas of Architectural Importance in North Antrim, including the towns of Portrush, Ballymoney and Bushmills. (Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1972). JH McGuigan The Giant’s Causeway Tramway. The Pioneer Hydro- Electric Railway. (The Oakwood Press, 1964). TH Mullin and JE Mullan The Ulster Clans O’Mullan, O’Kane and O’Mellan. (BNL Printing Co Ltd, Belfast, 1966). Seán Duffy (editor) Atlas of Irish History. (Gill & Macmillan Ltd, Dublin, 1997). Andy McInroy Great Sea Caves of Antrim. (unpublished). Michael Pollard Irish Railways in Pictures. No.4 The Giant’s Causeway Tramway. (Irish Railway Record Society, London Area, 2000). Philip Watson The Giant’s Causeway and the North Antrim Coast. (The O‟Brien Press, Dublin, 2000). William Hamilton Drummond The Giant’s Causeway, A Poem. (Longman, London, 1811). Bushfoot Golf Club Ltd. Members’ Diary 2008. Julia E Mullin The Causeway Coast: The story of the Northern Coast from Rathlin to Magilligan Point. (The Universities Press (Belfast) Limited, 1982). DR Byrne Vintage Port. (The Ballywillan Drama Group, Portrush, 2005). Edward MacLysaght The Surnames of Ireland. (Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1980). Robert Bell The Book of Ulster Surnames. (The Blackstaff Press Ltd, Belfast, 1988). Alex F Young Old Portrush, Bushmills and the Giant’s Causeway. (Stenlake Publishing, 2002). George Hill An Historical Account of the Macdonnells of Antrim. (The Glens of Antrim Historical Society, 1976. First published in 1873). Portcaman No2. (Bushmills Folklore & History Group, 1994). Arthur Ward North Antrim Volume One: A Collection of Photographs. (The University Press (Belfast) Ltd, 1998). Archibald M‟Sparran The Irish Legend of The M’Donnell and the Norman De Borgos. (Originally published in 1829. North-West Books, Limavady). JL (Ian) Bamford Royal Portrush Golf Club 1888-1988: A History. (Royal Portrush Golf Club, 1988).

330 John Pepper John Pepper’s Illustrated Encyclopedia of Ulster Knowledge. (The Appletree Press Ltd, Belfast, 1983). Diana Duff Leaves from the Fig Tree. From Ireland to Africa. (Double Storey Books, Cape Town, 2003). John Pepper John Pepper’s Ulster-English Dictionary. (The Appletree Press Ltd, 1981). James McQuilken The Fishermen of Dunseverick. (Impact Printing, Ballycastle, 2007). Kath Stewart-Moore Royal Portrush Ladies – a backward glance. (Impact Printing, Coleraine, 1992). Maurice Walsh Blackcock’s Feather. (Longmans, Dublin). Julia E Mullin The Causeway Coast. (Century Services Ltd, Belfast, 1974). Cahal Dallat M’Cahan’s Local Histories- a series of pamphlets on North Antrim and the Glens. 1988. (Originally published by Robert M‟Cahan in 1923). Rev Robert MacGregor Inverness-shire: Island of Skye: Parish of Kilmuir. 1840. Mr and Mrs SC Hall The North and Giant’s Causeway. (Hand-Books for Ireland. Published by James McGlashan, Dublin, 1840). George Henry Bassett County Antrim 100 Years Ago: a guide and directory 1888. (The Friar‟s Bush Press. Originally entitled The Book of Antrim. 1989). Rev James O‟Laverty An Historical Account of the Diocese of Down and Connor, Ancient and Modern. Vol. IV. James Duffy & Sons, Dublin. 1887). William Adams Dalriada: or North Antrim. A Historical Account of Some of its Old Families and Ancient Castles. (Chronicle Office, Coleraine. 1906). Mr and Mrs SC Hall Hall’s Ireland: Mr & Mrs Hall’s Tour of 1840. Edited by Michael Scott Vol.II. (Sphere Books Limited, London). Dr Eull Dunlop (editor) The Recollections of Mary Alice Young née Macnaghten (1867-1946) of Dundarave and Galgorm County Antrim. (Mid-Antrim Historical Group.1996). Angus I Macnaghten The Chiefs of Clan Macnachtan and their descendants. (Oxley & Son (Windsor) Ltd. 1951).

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