Vladimir Tismaneanu
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Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government. -
Festschrift for Immanuel Wallerstein Part I
The Hard-Earned Integration of the East in the World Economic System Silviu Brucan orld socialism was a subsystem of the world-system and as such Wcould not run deeper than the system of which it was a part. Had Lenin realized the workings of the world economic system, he would have concluded that Russia had no chance whatsoever to build an antisystemic economy in the midst of an overpowering world capitalist system. In his earlier writings, Lenin had a glimpse of that reality, hoping that another socialist revolution would break out in Germany, bailing out the Russian one. Instead, as his dream failed to materialize he began a desperate enter- prise: socialism in one country. In retrospective, I venture to say that the pervasive power of the world- system expressed itself in the fact that Lenin and Stalin, unconsciously, conceived both socialist society, as well as the future communist society, within the limits of the industrial system, which historically belongs to the capitalist epoch. This began when Stalin presented industrialization as the goal of socialism (industrialization being essentially a capitalist operation), and ended with Lenin’s defi nition of communism “Soviets plus electrifi cation,”and Stalin’s threshold to communism expressed in terms of millions of tons of pig iron, steel, coal and oil B both indicating the limit of their historical perspective within the industrial system. Never did they formulate a new type of productive forces that would usher in the formation of a postcapitalist society, remaining intellectual prisoners of the industrial system. Silviu Brucan Str. Helesteului 26 Sector 1 71297 Bucuresti Romania journal of world-systems research, vi, 2, summer/fall 2000, 444-453 Special Issue: Festchrift for Immanuel Wallerstein – Part I http://jwsr.ucr.edu issn 1076-156x © 2000 Silviu Brucan 444 445 Silviu Brucan The Hard-Earned Integration of the East in the World Economic System 446 Stalin tried hopelessly to escape from that theoretical framework. -
Editors' Notes
Editors’ Notes Sam Beck, Cornell University David Kideckel, Central Connecticut State University Time seems irrelevant in current Central and East European affairs. Each day brings such new, stirring, and seemingly impossible developments that students of the region are hard-put to keep up with them all, let along make sense of what they mean. We are putting out this interim edition of the Review now mainly because of this temporal dissonance. So many things are happening quickly that we thought it best to inform you of a few especially important items now instead of saving them for the larger issue of The Review that should be out sometime in late April or early May. We originally began to put together this special issue to inform you of a letter writing campaign organized by Ken Jowitt and Gail Kligman on behalf of the Romanian diplomat and social scientist, Silviu Brucan. Less than one month ago Brucan was under house arrest in Bucharest in life-threatening conditions. As is par for the current East European course, he is now a leading member of the National Salvation Front; clearly no longer under house arrest. Brucan's release, of course, was a result of the Romanian revolution. The loss of life and property in Romania (e.g. the University of Bucharest library building and collection were severely damaged) compels us to bring to your attention the relief efforts on-going to assist Romania through the winter. Both the International Committee of the Red Cross and the World Health Organization have set up an emergency task force in Bucharest under the direction of the Vice Minister of Health, Dr. -
Scriptor-11-12-2017
Anul III, nr. 11-12 (35-36) noiembrie-decembrie 2017 IAŞI, ROMÂNIA SUMAR * semina sapientiae * * 70 Liviu APETROAIE, Cărţile pe masă: POEMUL DESENAT Natalia Cantemir, Petru Ursache, Ştefan Oprea, 4 Marian DRĂGHICI, M-am rugat mult pentru mama Zoe Dumitrescu-Buşulenga (Maica Benedicta), 5 Vasilian DOBOŞ, Grafică ilustrativă Magda Ursache, Anastasia Dumitru ■ Comentarii, recenzii, cronici UN POET, O PAGINĂ 72 Bogdan Mihai MANDACHE, N. Steinhardt şi generaţia ’27 6 Flavia ADAM, Cubic 74 Cristina HERMEZIU, Un love story politic: 7 Simion BOGDĂNESCU, Seif, departe Maria Pilchin, Poeme pentru Ivan Gogh 8 Alina-Simona DRAGOMIR, bergamota aia, acrişoară 76 Adrian Dinu RACHIERU, Bujor Nedelcovici sau 9 Horia ZILIERU, Scriptor primatul eticului 81 Constantin COROIU, Lumea în dialoguri epistolare PROZĂ (Ion Brad, Ilie Rad) 10 Ştefan MITROI, La bâlci 85 Iulia MURARIU, Arc hibernal (Dorin Ploscaru) 87 Nina CORCINSCHI (Chişinău), Proiecţii în conflict ESEU (Dan Coman) 15 Codrin Liviu CUŢITARU, Ce este profesoratul? 90 Vasile IANCU, Scriitor şi cititor, într-o creatoare complicitate (Constantin Crişan) LITERATURA LUMII 92 Ioan RĂDUCEA, Scoţia părintelui filolog 19 Tom PHILIPS (Marea Britanie), Înapoi pe raft; (Ioan-Florin Florescu) În muzeul cel mic; Peisaj transformându-se în poem 94 Cristina CHIPRIAN, Scriu cu aceeaşi grijă cu care sărut 21 Simona MODREANU, Cu Jean Rouaud despre o sabie (Ioan Moldovan); romanul francez (II) Justificând imaculata mea piele de retor (Aurel Pantea) 96 Stelian ŢURLEA, Moarte în ţinutul secuilor (Caius Dobrescu) 98 Theodor George CALCAN, Lângă valiza cu fluturi, colloquium îmi măsori liniştită tensiunea (Grigore Chiper) DIALOG 26 Tudor PETCU – Georgeta FILITTI (II) 32 Nicolae BUSUIOC – Ion AGRIGOROAIEI historia magistra vitae. -
The Romanian Marsh
Chapter 16 The Romanian Marsh As early as 1988, we started focusing on Romania, using a sister organization, “Second World Center” housed with us in the same office, as a base. The country was a strictly orchestrated communist dictatorship ruled by the megalomanical couple, Nicolae and Elena Ceaucescu’s. While the Ceaucescu maintained a ruthless, repressive machinery at home, they were welcomed with open arms by many countries in the West. Ceaucescu followed a policy independent from Moscow, and that was enough to reap recognition, support, medals and awards from Western governments and royalty. Because it gradually became less and less necessary to support the dissident movement in the Soviet Union through couriers, our small team of associates had the chance to focus their attention on a different country. At the beginning of 1989, we decided to take the chance and try to establish contacts with dissidents in Romania to see how we could best provide assistance. The very first time things went immediately wrong. After a meeting with one of the few well-known dissidents, Silviu Brucan, our courier was stopped by the police. He was released some time later, but with the clear instruction that he had to leave the country. The Romanian authorities, however, did not count on the persistence of the Dutch Ambassador; Coen Stork was not a regular Dutch diplomat. He had a very clear opinion, had no problem expressing it, and organized weekly meetings with other ambassadors in Bucharest to discuss the human rights situation in the country. Coen Stork proposed to our courier that he could stay with him as a guest. -
Vladimir Tismaneanu
Vladimir Tismăneanu este profesor de ştiinţe politice la Universitatea Maryland. În perioada martie–decembrie 2006 a fost preşedintele Co- misiei Prezidenţiale pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România. Între februarie 2010 şi mai 2012 a fost preşedintele Consiliului Ştiin- ţific al Institutului de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului şi Memoria Exilului Românesc (IICCMER). În 2007 a primit din partea Univer- si tăţii Maryland Distinguished International Service Award, iar Aso - cia ţia Americană de Ştiinţe Politice i-a acordat certificatul pentru me rite excepţionale în predarea ştiinţelor politice. Deţine titlul de doc- tor honoris causa al Universităţii de Vest din Timişoara (2002) şi al Şcolii Naţionale de Studii Politice şi Administrative din Bucureşti (2003). În iulie 2011, preşedintele Traian Băsescu i-a conferit Ordinul Naţional pentru Merit în grad de Mare Ofiţer pentru eforturile susţi- nute de promovare a democraţiei în România. Volume publicate (selecţie): Reinventarea politicului. Europa Răsăriteană de la Stalin la Havel (Free Press, 1992 şi 1993; Polirom, 1997 şi 2007); Fantasmele salvării. Democraţie, naţionalism şi mit în Europa post- co mu nistă (Princeton University Press, 1998 şi 2009; Polirom, 1999); Sta linism pentru eternitate. O istorie politică a comunismului românesc (University of California Press, 2003; Polirom, 2005; Humanitas, 2013; în 2004, Premiul Barbara Jelavich din partea American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, ca lucrare excepţională în domeniul istoriei Europei de Răsărit şi Centrale); The Devil in History: Communism, Fascism, and Some Lessons of the Twentieth Century (University of California Press, 2012). Coeditor, împreună cu Dorin Dobrincu şi Cristian Vasile, al Raportului Final al Comisiei Prezidenţiale pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România (Humanitas, 2007); coeditor, împreună cu Bogdan C. -
Despre Puterea Mondială, Guvernanţă Şi Guvernul
REPERE BIBLIOGRAFICE Nae Ionescu, Opere, vol. I: Cursuri universitare (1), ed. îngrijită de Marin Diaconu şi Dora Mezdrea, postfaţă de Eugen Simion, Bucureşti, Academia Română/ Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2020, CCIV + 1508 p. Nae Ionescu, Opere, vol. II: Cursuri universitare (2), ed. îngrijită de Marin Diaconu şi Dora Mezdrea, postfaţă de Eugen Simion, Bucureşti, Academia Română/ Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2020, 1168 p. Nae Ionescu, Opere, vol. III: Studii. Prefeţe, articole şi cronici, ed. îngrijită de Marin Diaconu şi Dora Mezdrea, postfaţă de Eugen Simion, Bucureşti, Academia Română/Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2020, 1263 p. În colecţia „Opere fundamentale” a Fundaţiei Naţionale pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă au apărut trei volume care cuprind Opere-le lui Nae Ionescu. Avem astfel la îndemână o ediţie esenţială a profesorului care a dat imboldul creator pentru autori precum Mircea Vulcănescu, Emil Cioran, Mircea Eliade şi Constantin Noica1, a căror operă ilustrează pregnant curentul existenţialist interbelic2, iar prin contribuţiile lor substanţiale şi originale şi-au înscris numele printre cei mai de seamă reprezentanţi ai filosofiei româneşti din secolul al XX-lea. Volumele sunt însoţite de un amplu studiu introductiv, semnat de Florica şi Marin Diaconu, în care este prezentat filosoful Nae Ionescu ca „personalitate de seamă a culturii româneşti”, iar după marcarea câtorva repere din biografia lui spirituală şi trasarea câtorva caracteristici ale viziunii sale filosofice sunt prezentate, în secţiuni -
The Sovietization of the Romanian Historiography. Case Study: in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Cluj History Institute, 1948-1953
The Sovietization of the Romanian Historiography. Case Study: Cluj History Institute, 1948-1953. By Grigore Claudiu Moldovan. Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Marsha Siefert Second Reader: Professor Constantin Iordachi CEU eTD Collection BUDAPEST 2009 Statement of Copyright “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection 1 Abstract In the same year with the creation of the new Academy and the new educational legislative act, all former Romanian historical institutions were replaced with one History Institute controlled by the Party. The educational and the scientific institutions were either destroyed or segregated; competence was replaced with devotion towards the regime. Its agenda was to create a “new man”, on the model of homo sovieticus. How did this institution’s structuring affect the former History Institute of Cluj, and what were the ‘actors’ involved in the implementation of the soviet model? CEU eTD Collection 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... -
Ceausescu's Trial and Execution
Online international journal of philosophy WWW.METABASIS.IT May 2009 year IV # 7 PHILOSOPHY AND COMMUNICATION CEAUSESCU’S TRIAL AND EXECUTION by Ruxandra Cesereanu (Babes-Bolyai University - Cluj-Napoca, Romania) Nicolae Ceausescu, the Romanian dictator who got shot in December 1989, after popular revolt movements against the communist regime and after the National Salvation Front took the power, was a head of state endowed with a peasant cunning and with an ambition for power on account of which he never had any scruples. He slyly got rid of his rivals and strategically appointed family members in key positions. He promoted a tribal type of communism. Similarly to all communist leaders, Ceausescu got in power as a Moscow subordinate. Towards the half and the end of his regime he played, however, the nationalist card out of tactics reasons: both in the foreign and domestic politics. At the beginning he wanted to seduce the Western World, offering the image of a communist independent from Moscow, then, towards the end, to make the Romanians’ look turn away from the economic disaster and from the extreme poverty in the country, but also to shut out Gorbachev’s influence, which signified a reformed communism the Romanian dictator was allergic to. During the hasty trial he and his wife were brought to, in December 1989, Ceausescu proved to be almost an autistic individual, shut out in his dictator clichés, a dictator who was never interested in the way Romanians lived and in what their needs were. There were two visible obsessions during the trial: his belief that the Romanians’ popular explosion is exclusively due to a double conspiracy (external and domestic) and his desire to be allowed to speak in front of the ‘working class’ that he still credited as his ally. -
LITERATURE Iulian Boldea, Dumitru-Mircea Buda, Cornel Sigmirean
Iulian Boldea, Dumitru-Mircea Buda, Cornel Sigmirean (Editors) MEDIATING GLOBALIZATION: Identities in Dialogue Arhipelag XXI Press, 2018 THE FORCEFUL CONVERSION OF THE THEATRE PEOPLE DURING THE COMMUNISM Centa-Mariana Artagea (Solomon) PhD Student, ”Dun ărea de Jos” University of Gala ți Abstract: The post revolutionary literary histories talk about the radicalism of communism, about the various answers of the Romanian intellectuals, from the outrageous faction to the optimistic collaboration. However, it is fascinating to analyze authentic documents in which to discover the relations between the people of the regime and literati, especially on limited temporal units and specific events. The press after 1947 has monitored and influenced cultural life, as did the Theater magazine, whose articles from the first years of founding (1956-1960) offer us the opportunity to discover the insoluble dialogue between the two worlds, political and literary. The dramaturgy at that time appears to us, subjected to the drama of forcing itself into the only artistic pattern validated by the political authority that had to echo like an ovation. Keywords: dramaturgy, communism, conversion, press, monitoring In 1956, June 18-23, the Communists besieged the Romanian literature, wishing to boldly condemn the official passage from the rules formulated in the press after "liberation" to the new “list of laws” announced at the first Congress of Writers of the Romanian People's Republic, in Bucharest, as we learn from the Theater magazine, the June issue of the same year. Because "the literary press is the first and most faithful mirror of the degradation of literary life" 1, the analysis of this journal, insisting on the year of the first Congress of Writers and its echoes in the sixth decade, will give us data on customized conversion to the new ideological directions of thespians, with aesthetic implications. -
Soviet-Romanian Relations Under Gorbachev "
FINAL REPORT TO NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : THE EXTERNALIZATION OF REFORM : SOVIET-ROMANIAN RELATIONS UNDER GORBACHE V AUTHOR : RONALD H . LINDE N CONTRACTOR : UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURG H PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : RONALD H . LINDEN COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 803-1 7 DATE : APRIL 1990 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY : "The Externalization of Reform : Soviet-Romanian Relations Under Gorbachev " PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Ronald H . Linden The principal aim of this research was to determine i f the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev was applying th e same standards and employing the same practices in it s reactions with the non-reforming East European states, as ha d previous regimes for different purposes . Specifically, th e investigation sought to determine if the USSR was using it s hegemonic position to promote change, in the form o f glasnost, perestroika and reform of regional institutions, i n the same way earlier regimes had acted to prevent reform . While an answer to this question can be offered, th e events of 1989 made this more of a historic than a curren t question . A broader approach to which this research wa s amenable was to look at existing Soviet policies in light o f the revolutions of 1989 and determine what, if anything , remained of post war Soviet policy . The question of how i t reacted to the recalcitrance of the Ceausescu leadership an d how it has reacted to the changes in Romania and elsewhere i n the region since the revolutions remains central . The mai n context of the research was Soviet-East European relations ; that context remains but the dynamics changed dramaticall y enough to extend the research focus in time and breadth . -
Semiotic Perspectives on Nowadays Romanian Advertising
SEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVES ON NOWADAYS ROMANIAN ADVERTISING OLGA BALANESCU University of Bucharest Communication and Public Relations Abstract: The present study is meant to investigate how semiotics, the discipline which considers itself above all those concerned in social communication, gets in touch with advertising. Specific ways of communication in both semiotics and advertising have been scientifically approached, in order to overemphasize the existing similitude between the two of them. The theoretical principles taken as starting points were those belonging to Saussure, Ogilvy and Jacob Mey. Key-words: sign, shifters, advertisement, headline, body-text, slogan, logo. Preliminaries As far as we know, semiotics is centuries old. The first study traces back in 1637, and it is connected with Rene Descartes` name. While advertising is quite new (in the way it is perceived today). Yet, the two of them have something in common, and we how much of the domain of communication they share together. Advertising is not only a relative new discipline of study, but it also claims its importance for our contemporary fellow, as it offers not only information for getting a better life, but it also tries to help him to improve his style of life. There have been heard voices [1] against the importance of advertising in society, moreover, against advertising by all means. Here are their reasons: it manipulates people, it induces unreal desires, making the consumers buy something which they do not necessarily need, it has a negative impact on younger generations, making them aggressive and superficial. Some other voices [2] strongly plead for the necessity of advertising nowadays.