Nazi
Intellectual Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich
by GEORGE L MOSSE
Translations by Salvator Attanasio and others
The University of Wisconsin Press Contents
INTRODUCTION xix 1. HITLER SETS THE TONE 1 Editor's Introduction 1 FROM CULTURE AS THE FAITH IN AN IDEAL REICH TO ITS DIFFUSION AMONG THE MASSES 5 The Power of Ideals 5 The Aryan as Custodian of Culture 5 The State Is Not an End But a Means 6 The Jew Has No Culture 7 The Necessity of Propaganda 7 How Hitler Viewed the Masses 8 Education Must Be Based on Ideals 9 Education, Instinct, and Will 10 HITLER DEFINES CULTURE IN DEFINING ART 11 The Cultural Renascence 11 2. WHAT SORT OF A REVOLUTION? 17 Editor's Introduction 17 THE GOOD FIGHT 24 Here Marched the New Germany 24 FRIEDRICH JOACHIM KLAEHN vii viii CONTENTS A Meeting-Hall Brawl 27 KURT MASSMANN THE BONDS OF FAMILY 30 National Socialism Has Restored the Family 30 HANNS ANDERLAHN The German Volk Is an Interlacing of Families 34 LUDWIG LEONHARDT Marriage, Morality, and Property 35 HERMANN PAULL THE IDEAL OF WOMANHOOD 39 The Tasks of Women 39 ADOLF HITLER Emancipation from the Emancipation Movement 40 ALFRED ROSENBERG Domestic Diligence from Blood and Soil 41 The Female Bird 41 JOSEPH GOEBBELS Women That We Can Love 41 Frau Goebbels on German Women 42 The Blond Craze - 43 A Shiny Nose and the German Nation 43 Faith and Beauty 44 Right Conduct 45 The Honor Cross of the German Mother 45 The Woman Student 46 Against the Political Woman 47 ENGELBERT HUBER THE SOCIAL REALITY 47 Does the Five O'Clock Tea Suit Our Time? 47 Fairytale Scenes on Peacock Island 53 Beautiful Gowns at the Annual Press Ball 54 Wanted: Croupiers 55
3. THE FOUNDATION: RACISM 57 Editor's Introduction 57 The Nordic Race as "Ideal Type" 61 HANS F. K. GUNTHER Racial Soul, Landscape, and World Domination 65 LUDWIG FERDINAND CLAUSS CONTENTS ix The Earth-Centered Jew Lacks a Soul 75 ALFRED ROSENBERG Heredity and Racial Biology for Students 79 JAKOB GRAF The New Biology: Training in Racial Citizenship 81 PAUL BROHMER To Preserve the Strength of the Race: Compulsory Sterilization 90 ERICH RISTOW 4. BUILDING MYTHS AND HEROES 93 Editor's Introduction 93 Nietzsche and National Socialism 97 ALFRED BAEUMLER A Soldier Believes in Plain Talk 101 ERNST ROHM Michael: A German Fate 104 JOSEPH GOEBBELS Germany Must Live 112 FRIEDRICH BUBENDEN The Difference Between Generations 116 HANNS JOHST Fritz Todt: Contemporary Hero 118 EDUARD SCHONLEBEN Frederick the Great: Prussian Hero 119 WILHELM IHDE The Diary of an SA Man's Bride 122 GUDRUN STREITER On Festivities in the School 127 HERMANN KLAUSS 5. TOWARD A TOTAL CULTURE 133 Editor's Introduction 133 Intellectuals Must Belong to the People 141 HERMANN BURTE The Birth of Intellectuals 145 Streicher the Intellectual 146 A Balance Is Necessary 146 The German Peasant Formed German History 147 R. WALTHER DARRE c CONTENTS Freedom and Organization 151 JOSEPH GOEBBELS On the National Responsibility of Publishers 159 ADOLF SPEMANN Goebbels Forbids Art Criticism 162 What Is German in German Art? 163 KURT KARL EBERLEIN The Poet Summoned by History 165 HEINRICH ZILLICH Wulfe's Manor: Two Episodes in a Peasant's Life 168 JOSEFA BERENS-TOTENOHL A Rowdy as Hero: From an Anti-Jewish Novel 177 TUDEL WELLER Events at the Prussian State Theater 185 ECKART VON NASO Playbills of the Herne City Theater, 1936-1940 188 The Winter Program of the German Radio, 1936 191 Fundamental Features of Radio Programming, 1938 192 German Films for Venice, 1938 194 The Film Public Is Not So Stupid 195
6. SCIENCE AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM 197 Editor's Introduction 197 The Limits of Science 201 PHILIPP LENARD Respect for Facts and Aptitude for Exact Observation Reside in the Nordic Race 205 JOHANNES STARK Nature Presupposes a Spiritual Disposition 208 BRUNO THURING Psychotherapy and Political World View 215 KURT GAUGER The Physician Must Come to Terms with the Irrational 227 HANNS LOHR
7. CHRISTIANITY 235 Editor's Introduction 235 The Fiihrer Bequeathed to Me by the Lord 241 Christ in the Community of Blood and Fate 241 CONTENTS xi The Task of Proclaiming Christ among the German People 243 National Socialist and Christian Concepts Are Incom- patible 244 MARTIN BORMANN The Epistle of St. Paul Is in Error 248 To Capture Youth 250 Judaism, Christianity, and Germany 256 CARDINAL FAULHABER Nurses and Philosophy 261 8. THE KEY: EDUCATION OF YOUTH 263 Editor's Introduction 263 INSIDE THE SCHOOL 271 To Be Part of a Movement! 271 INGE SCHOLL The Parents Abdicate 274 PAUL OESTREICH Skepticism and Participation 276 ILSE MCKEE The Lively Youngster 280 The Test 280 L. GRUNBERG Physical Education and National Socialism 281 Ten Calories More Character 282 HANS SCHEMM The Fellowship of Battle 283 Racial Instruction and the National Community 283 Do Not Stand Apart! 284 LUCIE ALEXANDER Can Youth Be National Socialist? 286 RUDOLPH RAMLOW A SCHOOLBOOK SAMPLER 287 The Fiihrer of Elementary-School Children 287 From the Oak Tree to Certain Victory 288 WILHELM STECKELINGS The Sun as a Symbol of Dedicated Youth 290 BALDUR VON SCHIRACH A Flight Through the Storm and Hitler's Mission 291 OTTO DIETRICH xii CONTENTS Essays with Right Answers 293 THE PRESSURES OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL 294 The Hitler Youth 294 BALDUR VON SCHIRACH The Development of the SS Man 303 THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY 304 The Renovation of the Academic Community 304 GERHARD KRUGER Work Is Future 308 WERNER BEUMELBURG Admission to the Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Ber- lin 309 New Courses for a New Reich J 312 The Nature of Academic Freedom 314 WALTER SCHULTZE Jewish Graduates Are Numbers, Not Persons 317 9. WHAT IS THE STATE AND WHO ARE ITS CITIZENS? 319 Editor's Introduction - 319 Public Law in a New Context 323 CARL SCHMITT Civil Rights and the Natural Inequality of Man 327 WILHELM STUCKART AND HANS GLOBKE The Reich Citizenship Law 335 The Jew Is Outside the Law 336 WALTHER BUCH Anchoring the Civil Service in^the Nation 337 ROLAND FREISLER 10. WORKERS AND SHOPKEEPERS 341 Editor's Introduction 341 THE WORKER: IDEAL AND REALITY 346 Statistics on Occupational Composition of Members of the Nazi Party 346 The Struggle for the Achievement of German Socialism 347 The Correct Attitude Toward Work 348 Plant Managers—This Must Not Be! 350 A Wage Freeze for Stenographers 350 CONTENTS xiii The Conversion of "Comrade" Miiller 351 WALTER DACH THE BILL IS PRESENTED 357 What the German People Pay in Taxes, 1939 357 The Cost of Living, 1933-1937 359 They Who Serve Are Well Paid 361 The Situation of the German Retail Trade 362 Throttling the Retail Trade 362 The Price Police 363 A Butcher Resists 364 11. THE ASSUMPTION OF POWER 365 Editor's Introduction 365 Our Town under the Swastika 369 OTTO MICHAEL KNAB The Changed Tempo of Life: The City of Herne 375 The Nazis Take Over Cologne 377 Little Things Create Pressures 383 HERMANN STRESAU Vanishing Friends . 385 ERICH EBERMAYER
All translations, except as otherwise indicated in the text, are by Salvator Attanasio