Bryoflora of the Finnish-Russian Nature Reserve Friendship

Margarita Boychuk Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, 185610 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia

Introduction The Nature Reserve Friendship (70500 ha) is situated in the north taiga sub-zone (64°10'- 64°40' N - 29°30'-30°30' E) on the both sides of Russian-Finnish state (Fig. 1). It consists of Kostomuksha Strict Nature Reserve (KSNR) on the Russian side and five Nature Reserves on the Finnish side (FNR): Ulvinsalo, Elimyssalo, Lentua, Iso-Palonen - Maa- riansärkät and Juortanansalo.

Fig.1. Outline map of the Nature Reserve Friendship and bryology investigation plots. 1.Kosto- muksha Strict Nature Reserve (48000 ha) 2.Juortanansalo-Lapinsuo Mire Reserve (3700 ha) 3.Iso-Palonen and Maariansärkät Nature Reserve (3900 ha) 4.Lentua Nature Reserve (5100 ha)

5.Elimyssalo Nature Reserve (7300 ha) 6.Ulvinsalo Strict Nature Reserve (2500 ha) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Finnish Environment 485 ○○○○○○○○○○○ 155 Bryoflora of the Nature Reserve Friendship has not been studied earlier. A few data on mosses of the park and vicinities of the Kostomuksha town is available in a number of publications (Wainio 1878, Brotherus 1923, Þðêîâñêàÿ 1974, Åëèíà & Êóçíåöîâ 1977, Mäkirinta et al. 1997, Heikkilä et al. 1997).

Materials and methods During 1995-1998 bryofloristic investigations were carried out in the territory of Natu- re Reserve Friendship (Fig. 1): in KSNR and in two FNR’s (Juortanansalo-Lapinsuo and Elimyssalo). In the same period, bryophyte flora in the surroundings of Kostomuksha was studied. Field investigations were conducted by a route method. 1016 moss samples were collected. Field materials were analyzed at the Laboratory of mire ecosystems of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moss samples are kept in the Herbarium of the Laboratory. The taxonomy in the text follows Ignatov & Afonina (1992). To make the geographical analysis of the bryoflora, the classification of flora elements for the northern regions (Øëÿêîâ 1961) has been used. Some parts of the data obtained have been already published (Áîé÷óê 1999, Kuznetsov et al. 2000).

Results According to our data the bryoflora of Nature Reserve Friendship includes 172 moss species (KSNR 159; FNR 112: Juortanansalo 94; Elimyssalo 70). In the vicinities of the town of Kostomuksha, outside KSNR, 123 moss species were recorded. Boreal species are dominating in the Park bryoflora (KSNR 62%, FNR 70%). In the forests of the Park 76 moss species were registered (KSNR 70, FNR 49), in mires 87 (75 and 83), on meadows 26 (26 and 0), on banks and shores 90 (88 and 20), on stones and rocks 63 (63 and 20), and in damaged sites 17 (16 and 5). In the Park territory (KSNR) 4 moss species (Sphagnum subnitens, S. denticulatum, Fontinalis squamosa and Warnstorfia pseudostraminea) included into the Red Data Book of the Eastern Fennoscandia (1998) were found.

Discussion Bryoflora of the Russian part of the Nature Reserve Friendship (KSNR) includes 159 moss species of 67 genera and 28 families (Table 1). According to the floristic regional distribution, KSNR is involved into Kuitozersko-Leksozersky floristic region (Ðàìåíñêàÿ 1960), which is closely similar to the biogeographical province Karelia po- morica occidentalis (Mela & Cajander 1906). While not eminent for diversified natural conditions (acid bedrocks and soils), this region (Kpoc) still holds the fourth place in Karelia in bryophytes diversity, after Karelia ladogensis, Karelia onegensis and Kuusamo (Âîëêîâà & Ìàêñèìîâ 1993). As regards to the quantitative composition, the moss flora of the KSNR amounts to 67% of the Kpoc bryoflora and 36% of the Karelian bryoflora. In KSNR 12 new moss species for Kpoc (Cnestrum schistii, Dicranella palustris, Drepanocladus aduncus, Hygrohypnum smithii, Limprichia cossoni, Plagiomnium medium, Pohlia andalusica, Racomitrium affine, Schistostega pennata, Sphagnum subnitens, Ulota crispa and Brachythecium plumosum) were revealed. For the first time 3 new species (Dic- ranella palustris, Hygrohypnum smithii and Ulota crispa) from KSNR, recorded in Finland (Koponen et al. 1998), have been registered in the bryoflora of Karelia. Outside KSNR, in the vicinities of Kostomuksha town, 123 moss species belonging to 57 genera and 23 families were recorded (Table 1), 6 of which (Bryum argenteum, B. creberimum, B. imbricatum, Calliergonella cuspidata, Pseudoleskea radicosa and Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum) are new for Kpoc. Generally, the bryoflora in KSNR and the surroundings of Kostomuksha to- tals 174 moss species (71 genera and 28 families).

156 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○The Finnish Environment 485 Table 1.Dominating families of the compared bryofloras (n = number of species; % = share of the total number of species; N = position within flora)

Families KSNRKostomuksha FNR Kpoc n%Nn%Nn%Nn%N Sphagnaceae 33 20.8 1 31 25.2 1 29 25.9 1 35 14.8 1 Amblystegiaceae 23 14.5 2 20 16.3 2 18 16.1 2 30 12.7 3 Dicranaceae 19 11.9 3 14 11.4 3 14 12.5 3 31 13.1 2 Bryaceae 10 6.3 4-5 9 7.3 4 4 3.6 8-9 17 7.2 4 Polytrichaceae 10 6.3 4-5 7 5.7 5 8 7.1 4 14 5.9 6 Brachytheciaceae 9 5.7 6 6 4.9 6-7 6 5.4 5 16 6.8 5 Mniaceae 7 4.4 7 4 3.3 9 5 4.5 6-7 11 4.7 7 Hylocomiaceae 5 3.1 8-10 6 4.9 6-7 5 4.5 6-7 7 3.0 10-11 Grimmiaceae 5 3.1 8-10 5 4.1 8 3 2.7 10 9 3.8 9 Splachnaceae 5 3.1 8-10 3 2.4 10 4 3.6 8-9 7 3.0 10-11 Hypnaceae (4) (2) (2) 10 4.2 8 n in 10 families 126 105 96 180 % of bryoflora 79.2 85.4 85.7 76.3 Total n 159 123 112 236 Number of genera 67 57 49 99 Number of families 28 23 23 35

In the Finnish part of the Park (FNR) 112 moss species belonging to 49 genera and 23 families were found (Table. 1) (Juortanansalo 94 species, 41 genera and 22 families; and Elimyssalo 70, 34 and 17, respectively). Thus, according to our data the bryoflora of Nature Reserve Friendship includes 172 moss species, referring to 71 genera, 28 families, 3 sub-classes (Sphagnidae, Andreidae, Bryidae). Comparison of the floristic lists showed that 99 species are found in both parts of the Park (KSNR, FNR), 24 of which are Sphagnum mosses. The number of common mosses for Juortanansalo and Elimyssalo is 52. 13 specific mosses (Sphagnum quinquefa- rium, Pogonatum dentatum, Schistidium apocarpum, Dicranella cerviculata, Dicranum bonjeanii, Calliergonalla cuspidata, Cinclidium stygium, Dicranum elongatum, Hypnum cupressi- forme, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Splachnum vasculosum, Pseudocalliergon trifarium and Dicranum leioneuron) have been recorded only in FNR. They have not been found in KSNR. First 6 species were found in the vicinities of Kostomuksha town and the next 4 in Kpoc (Âîëêîâà & Ìàêñèìîâ 1993). 2 mosses (Splachnum vasculosum, Pseudocalliergon trifarium) have not been registered in Êpoc. 1 moss (Dicranum leioneuron) is missing in the bryoflora of Karelia. In the vicinities of Kostomuksha town 9 moss species (Sphag- num contortum, Dicranum spurium, Bryum argenteum, B. creberrimum, B. imbricatum, Meesia triquetra, Pseudoleskea radicosa, Amblystegium serpens and Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum), which are missing in KSNR and FNR, were revealed. Generally, bryofloristic investigations in those territories (KSNR, FNR, Kostomuksha) made it possible to reveal 182 moss species belonging to 74 genera, 28 families, 3 sub-classes. The most widely represented families (1 place) of bryoflora studied were Sphag- naceae, Amblystegiaceae and Dicranaceae (2-3 positions respectively) (Table 1). It could be explained by a zonal (north taiga) location of the region, i.e. the wider spreading of forest and mire communities and volumes of families (the most numerous ones). Polyt- richaceae and Brachytheciaceae have also a higher position. Bryaceae, Mniaceae, Grimmiaceae, Splachnaceae, Hylocomiaceae are dominating as well. Hypnaceae, having a higher occurren- ce in Kpoc province (8 position), was not dominated in the investigated bryofloras and it was represented by 4 (KSNR) or 2 (FNR, Kostîmuksha) species. Ten dominating families unify more than 3/4 of moss species revealed (Table 1). Species of 23 (from 28)

families were common for both parts of the Park (KSNR, FNR). I did not find 5 families ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Finnish Environment 485 ○○○○○○○○○○○ 157 (Fissidentaceae, Leskeaceae, Neckeraceae, Pterigynandraceae, Schistostegaceae) in FNR due to both a little number of suitable habitats and substrates (craggy ground, lake shores, fallen spruce trunks) and poor studies of these territories. Sphagnum is dominating in all the investigated bryofloras. All Sphagnum mosses characteristic to Kpoc (35 species) were revealed in the bryofloras of KSNR and Kostomuksha surroundings. A large share of Polytrichum, Dicranum, Brachythecium. Calliergon and Warnstorfia species in the Park bryoflora pertains its boreal features. Geographical analysis showed that boreal moss species dominated in the bryoflora of the Nature Reserve Friendship (KSNR 62%; FNR 70%). Species of the north latitude groups (arctic-mountain, hypo-arctic, hypo-arctic-mountain) consist of one fifth of the total bryoflora (KSNR 21%; FNR 20%); southern (nemoral) 6% and 2%, respectively. Most species (KSNR 93%; FNR 95%) have circumpolar distribution. Mosses of the Nature Reserve Friendship were found in various habitats. Accor- ding to the data above the highest moss biodiversity of KSNR is pertaining to aquatic or littoral habitats (90 moss species), and in FNR to mire habitats (83). In fact, there is a great number of lakes, rivers and brooks in the territory of KSNR, and their bryoflora has been studied well. Bryological investigations in FNR were concentrated on mires (Isosuo, Härkösuo) and their forested margins. Eutrophic mire sites are found more often in mires in FNR than in KSNR. This was where Cinclidium stygium, Pseudocallier- gon trifarium, Dicranum bonjeanii and Calliergonella cuspidata were found. These mosses were not recorded in KSNR mires. Higher biodiversity of mosses in KSNR forests is caused by a wide variety of forest types and substrates within the huge territory. The number of mosses of stony-rocky substrates in FNR is much smaller than in KSNR due to the lack of bedrock outcrops in the former. There are not enough data to compare habitat bryofloras of meadows and damaged sites (especially in FNR) yet. The bryophyte inventory made was the first but yet not complete. Bryoflora of the southern part of KSNR (southwards Kamennaya river) and 3 FNR (Ulvinsalo, Len- tua, Iso-Palonen) is entirely unknown. Bryology studies in the Park should be urgently continued.

Acknowledgements The author expresses her gratitude to A.Yu. Likchachov, O.A. Belkina, O.A. Afonina, I.V. Chernyadieva, V.I. Zolotov and K. Karttunen for checking and identifying some moss species; O.L. Kuznetsov, T.I. Brazovskaya, S.V. Tarkhov, R. Heikkilä and T. Lind- holm, as well as the staff of Friendship Park Research Centre and zapovednik Kosto- mukshkii for the help in the arrangement of field works; O.L. Kuznetsov for valuable consultations; P.J. Litinsky for map designing; and P.F. Shevelin for the translation of the manuscript into English.

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