ISSN 2667-8624 VOLUME 2 - ISSUE 7 - YEAR 2020

VOLUME 2 - YEAR 2020 - ISSUE 7 contents ISSN 2667-8624

Publisher & Editor in Chief Managing Editor Ayşe Akalın Cem Akalın [email protected] cem.akalin@aviationturkey. com International Relations & Advertisement Director Administrative Şebnem Akalın Coordinator sebnem.akalin@ Yeşim Bilginoğlu Yörük aviationturkey.com y.bilginoglu@ aviationturkey.com Chief Advisor to Editorial Board Editors Can Erel / Aeronautical Muhammed Yılmaz/ Engineer Aeronautical Engineer Translation İbrahim Sünnetçi Tanyel Akman Şebnem Akalin Saffet Uyanık 24 Proof Reading & Editing Mona Melleberg Yükseltürk Photographer Sinan Niyazi Kutsal Will the Graphic Design Gülsemin Bolat İmtiyaz Sahibi Effects of Görkem Elmas Hatice Ayşe Evers COVID-19 Advisory Board Basım Yeri Cause Aslıhan Aydemir Demir Ofis Kırtasiye Irreversible Serdar Çora Perpa Ticaret Merkezi B Blok 8 Renan Gökyay Kat:8 No:936 Şişli / İstanbul Damage to Lale Selamoğlu Kaplan Tel: +90 212 222 26 36 the Aviation Assoc. Prof. Ferhan Kuyucak demirofiskirtasiye@hotmail. Turkey & Şengür Industry? com Russia Close Adress www.demirofiskirtasiye.com Cooperation Administrative Office Basım Tarihi DT Medya LTD.STI Indicates Big Ekim-Kasım 2020 İlkbahar Mahallesi Galip Opportunities Erdem Caddesi Sinpaş Yayın Türü Altınoran Kule 3 No:142 Süreli for All Parties in Çankaya Ankara/Turkey Aviation Tel: +90 (312) 557 9020 [email protected] www.aviationturkey.com © All rights reserved. No part of publication may be Blackshape reproduced by any means without written permission. Aircraft 2020 with Luciano Belviso, Founder & CEO of Blackshape Aircraft 34

The cover photos credit by Aktuğ Ateş contents 50 Atypical Delivery in the Still of the Night

44 Boeing Wakes Up 56 from A 20-Month Understanding 40 Nightmare! the IMSAFE Avoidable Checklist Showstoppers 737 MAX During is Set to and the Dirty Aircraft Return to Dozen List - Transitions the Skies Awareness is Critical

64 48 Better Late Exceptional than Never: Widebody Identifying Premium the Seats Expertly Language Crafted Into Learning Narrow-body Needs of Platforms Pilots FROM THE EDITOR

Will Aviation the Sector Take-off Again in 2021?

Aviation executives while systematic testing (WASB), comprising and officials have still protocols enable a safe Airports Council been struggling with the re-opening of borders. International (ACI World), impact of COVID-19 The IATA identified the International Air with the aviation five proven ways that Transport Association industry having been governments can help (IATA), and the the hardest hit. There is stimulate the air travel Worldwide Airport optimism over a vaccine, market while avoiding Coordinators Group but mass inoculation adding more debt to (WWACG) released a is still a long way off. already highly leveraged joint recommendation Border restrictions and airline balance sheets: for airport slot use quarantine measures relief for the northern Temporary waivers are a big challenge summer 2021 season. The or suspensions of especially for European organizations called on government charges, airlines affected even regulators worldwide to taxes and fees to airlines worse than most other temporarily adopt more and passengers will parts of the world. The flexible slot rules in line reduce flight costs and IATA’s latest economic with the recommendation lower travel costs for forecast reveals that in as quickly as possible passengers 2021 Europe is expected in order to preserve to be the worst-hit global Route subsidies for essential air transport region in terms of airline flights to local/regional connectivity. losses (-$11.9 billion) and destinations to support In his last briefing to EBIT margin (-9.5%). connectivity for rural the media Alexandre Across Europe as a whole, communities and de Juniac, President of more than seven million business the IATA, stated that jobs have been lost or are Financial incentives in the aviation sector at imminent risk due to the form of rewards for cannot afford to wait the COVID-19 shutdown. operating flights, or seats for vaccines to cover Since 2019, total flown, which can support the population before connectivity has declined airlines while load factors reviving international by 68% in Frankfurt, 67% or yields are too low travel, so he underlined in London, 67% in Paris, four key areas that are record time. And the 66% in Istanbul, 64% Advance ticket purchases at the top of the IATA implementation has been in Moscow, and 53% in that governments can agenda for re-connecting good, but not universal. Amsterdam. use for future trips or the world from an Therefore, the first distribute to the traveling So how does the aviation operational perspective: priority is to ensure that public in the form of industry survive in this these measures are in vouchers to support travel 1-Following global period? place everywhere. and tourism standards to keep Lately, the IATA called travel safe. One of the 2-Clearing the way for Passenger travel subsidies upon governments to greatest achievements the effective distribution in the form of vouchers add market stimulation in this crisis was the of vaccines. It is critical for passengers or as a measures to the support establishment of the that aviation workers percentage cash-back they are giving to keep guidelines for measures should be on the priority on overall travel costs aviation financially to keep flying safe—the list after health care viable. Such measures Moreover, The Worldwide ICAO CART guidelines. workers and vulnerable would encourage travel Airport Slot Board This was done in populations.

4 FROM THE EDITOR

3-Safely re-opening - Keeping track of The path ahead internet of things. borders with systematic entry requirements will continue to be Nations must now come COVID-19 testing. and accredited testing a challenging one. together and orchestrate Critically, this must laboratories Assumptions point the monumental task of be without quarantine toward the fact that systematically managing - Having secure systems measures. a slow recovery will vaccine strategies in the to securely manage and start, and that airlines coming days, across the 4-Having efficient means verify test results or are still expected to globe. for managing verified vaccine status bleed cash at least until health information. Enjoy the issue... - Linking test results, the fourth quarter of Testing or vaccination individual identity and 2021. Undoubtedly this data will be critical to Ayşe Akalın travel processes so situation has reminded giving governments the Editor in Chief that we have a solution us of the physiological confidence to re-open that is manageable for interconnectivity that borders. That’s a huge airlines/authorities and weaves humanity task. This means: convenient for travelers together, not just the

5 OUR TEAM

Şebnem Akalın Can Erel International Saffet Uyanık Chief Advisor to Relations & Editor Editorial Board Advertisement Director Ayşe Akalın Publisher & Editor in Chief

6 OUR TEAM

Yeşim Bilginoğlu Cem Akalın İbrahim Sünnetçi Editor Yörük Managing Editor Administrative Coordinator

7 Turkey & Russia Close Cooperation Indicates Big Opportunities for All Parties in Aviation

In this issue, we are proud this interview by Can Erel, to share a part of the the Chief Advisor to the “CAN’CA Interview” with Aviation Turkey Editorial H.E. Alexander Neradko, Board, Mr. Neradko the First Deputy Minister discusses his career, of Transport of the aviation and bilateral

by Can Erel Russian Federation & The realations between Aeronautical Engineer Director of the Federal Turkey and the Russian Air Transport Agency. In Federation.

8 ©©FATA

I have always thought assessment systems are certification documents. always felt his great that it was more than an similar and in line with ICAO Today, Turkey and Russia friendship in my advisory interesting milestone in standards. Then, a Working started introducing a business in aviation. I am my career to know such a Arrangement between “favorable environment” very happy that Alexander great person like Alexander the DGCA of Turkey & for bilateral aircraft Neradko has allowed me Neradko; the time passed FATA of the Russian exports and imports, with to have such a meaningful proved that I am right... Federation (Russia) was documents issued by one conversation in such an signed between us as the of the two countries to be important time for aviation Completing the process representatives of the recognized by the other. while he is the Acting of mutual audits began in parties on February 7, 2018. Minister of Transport of 2017 has led to Turkey and Since my leaving the Russia and I am pleased the Russian Federation The agreement paved Turkish civil aviation to include this interview coming to the conclusion the way to simplified authority, we have been as part of the content of that their airworthiness procedures for the mutual keeping in touch with Aviation Turkey magazine... and flight safety recognition of aircraft each other and I have

9 INTERVIEW

Can Erel: Who is ©©FATA Alexander Neradko and where did the interest in aviation first come from?

Alexander Neradko: My initial interest in aviation appeared in the early school time when I read many exciting books about aviation, pilots, mechanics and their work, airplanes and helicopters.

In 1978 I entered the Moscow Technical University of Civil Aviation, and graduated in 1984 with a degree in "Operation of Aircraft and Engines". Since that time, my professional activity has been inseparably connected with civil Alexander Neradka and Can Erel aviation organizations and the civil aviation authority I can definitely state that complex industry alone. Agency (FATA) is provided of Russia. since my childhood sport People have always been by the Advisory Council Can Erel: What helps me – it motivates, and are the main force of consisting of highly about Mr. Neradko as a builds character and “will Russian aviation. I warmly qualified civil aviation leader of Russian civil to win”, develops strategic remember my mentors professionals, by the Public aviation appointed in and tactical thinking, and colleagues whose Council as a tool of open 2000? patience, respect for knowledge, wisdom and public policy to monitor Alexander Neradko: the competitors and experience helped me to and evaluate the quality No less, 20 years ago, teammates, and develops grow up as a professional of FATA services by the in August 2000, I was hardness and "sports and a leader. society and air passengers, appointed to the position anger", which are always by the Pilot-in-Command I am convinced that it of the First Deputy important to resist any Club, associations of air is vitally important to Minister of Transport challenges. transport operators, maintain a continuous – Director General of airports, passengers, etc. Several times, I became dialogue with the the State Civil Aviation Parliamentarians and the champion and aviation community. For Authority. Before this my heads of the Russian medalist of the Soviet example, since 2001 we work was connected with regions provide great Union Championships in established the Club of flight safety oversight, assistance in terms of the high jump and in 1980 top-managerial level civil investigation of aviation air legislation. Everyone achieved a record that aviation veterans named accidents and incidents makes their own only the best athletes of “Experience” in order to – perhaps this brought contributions and helps the USSR could achieve use their professional up my stress tolerance to see the issue from at that time - 2.25 meters. potential and skills. and the habit of paying different points of view Consulting assistance attention to every small Civil aviation is absolutely and to make the right, in the current activity of detail, with nothing a "team game", it is sometimes not easy, the Federal Air Transport overlooked or missed. impossible to manage this decision.

10

©©FATA

URAL ATC

I am proud to defend the tech technologies and civil sectors) air traffic national civil aviation interests of national civil competencies in design management system. We due to a total deficit aviation at the level of and manufacture of the continue improvement of of funding, shutdown the Aviation Collegium entire list of aeronautical the airspace structure, of new aircraft and of the Government of the products. optimization of its engines manufacturing, Russian Federation, as its management system a huge number of “shell” The Russian Federation Deputy Chairman. and implementation airlines with a fleet of provides air navigation of new technologies, 1-2 aircraft, a decline in Can Erel: Your services in the airspace perspective tools and traffic, implementation career spans over 35 over 26 mln km2 with an systems for air services, of Chapter 2 noise years in the aviation extensive network of 1,072 surveillance, navigation restrictions in 2002 in industry; what is your routes with a total length evaluation of Russian and communication, a number of popular of 883,181 km, including Federation (Russia) and equipping of civil touristic countries 627 routes for international civil aviation in terms aerodromes with modern that actually blocked flights. In 2019 more than of the point that it has instrumental systems operations of the basic 1.8 million flights were reached today? Give for landing. I use this "labor force"- airplanes Tu- us a brief description served in the Russian opportunity to invite 134, Il-86 and cargo Il-76. of Russia civil aviation Federation's airspace. Aviation Turkey Magazine with the facts and Since that period, a huge In order to ensure flight to visit Russia to make a figures... amount of work was done safety, meet the interests separate report on this to raise the industry- in Alexander Neradko: On of users and increase topic. the pre-COVID-19 period February 9, 2023 Russian the transit potential of After the disintegration it was characterized as civil aviation will celebrate Russian airspace, a large- of the Soviet Union, continuously growing its 100th anniversary. scale air navigation reform the period of the 1990s according to the main Russia is one of the few was launched in 2005, and early 2000s, when indicators. Russians began countries in the world which led to the creation I was appointed to flying more frequently not having the status of of a unified (without lead the industry, was only on international but “aviation power”, with hi- dividing into military and a difficult time for also on domestic flights.

12

account the geography and climatic conditions here in Russia, its huge territory and existence of difficult-to-reach by land places where people live and objects of various sectors Cem Doğut ©© of the economy, which can only be reached by air, civil aviation serves the task of increasing public mobility, quality and level of life and ensuring affordable prices of air carriages. Our target is to augment the situation entirely, as now communication between neighboring points in the Far East or North of Russia The amount of Russian operators of aerial work is only possible with air airlines traffic in 2019 and 69 general aviation transfer via the capital exceeded 128 mln operators registered in Moscow situated thousands passengers (+10.3% Russia. of kilometers away from to the previous year), these points. The fleet of Russian air other new Russian-made including more than carriers consists of 1,120 aeronautical products, while In order to achieve 55 mln passengers on helicopters, 873 airplanes pursuing a policy of import this target, we should international routes and 277 regional airplanes substitution. construct from zero or (+16.3%), and about 73 mln of various Russian - and modernize the ground passengers on domestic There are 241 civil aviation foreign-made types. airport infrastructure built routes (+ 6%). The top-5 airports, including 79 In total 8,830 piloted in USSR times, develop a airlines include Aeroflot, international airports, 45 of aircraft are registered in socially important regional S7, Russia, Pobeda, ICAO Category 1, 6 are ICAO Russia. According to our air network and have and Ural airlines with a Category 2, 5 are ICAO forecast Russian airlines required air fleet of various market share of about Category 3 and 6 heliports will demand 567 transport seat capacities. Several 65%. Russian airlines and 2,112 landing pads. category aircraft, 405 federal government- operated scheduled and helicopters and 259 We often say in our industry level programs were charter flights to the regional airplanes by 2030. that “3 km of road will not launched recently to destinations in 75 foreign We are optimistic for the lead you far, but 3 km of subsidize regional and countries, and 155 foreign promising MC-21 aircraft runway will open the whole local operations, lease airlines from 72 countries currently certifying and world to you”. Taking into aircraft for these routes operated passenger flights to Russia.

In 2019 our airports served more than 221 mln passengers of Russian and foreign airlines and more than 968 thousand tons of cargo and mail.

Currently there are 107 commercial airlines, 220

14 by airlines, compensate for lost revenue from airports and ground handling organizations, and hold the growth of airport fees and charges rates. By 2024, 66 airports are planned to be reconstructed (including 25 large and economically significant for the regions and 41 located in remote Far East and Arctic areas.)

The task is ambitious, plus it has specifics related to the difficult ©©Aktuğ Ateş logistics of delivery of building materials to and international Aviation services provided economic challenges – the such remote sites, deficit level like political and for the 2014 Sochi Olympics termination of operations of contractors qualified in economic forums and were at the highest level; of the major Russian airlines airport building and a very election campaigns, sport the 2018 FIFA World Cup Transaero in the fall of 2015 limited calendar period competitions and cultural held in 11 Russian cities and VIM-Avia 2 years later. for on-site construction festivals. Transportation involving 13 airports; Along with necessity to activities due to the harsh must be organized stages of the Red Bull Air urgently find and involve climate, but the resolution impeccably, safely and Race world championship other carriers to return from is directly linked with the comfortably. Such events in Kazan, Formula 1 races abroad a large number of increase of the economic include, for example, in Sochi; the summer and passengers in the middle and social territorial the annual economic winter world Universiade of the high tourist season connectivity level in the forums in Sochi, Saint games among students in and to organize air ticket country. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk Kazan and Krasnoyarsk, the refunds, the situation had and Vladivostok – WorldSkills championship, a great social impact – a I try to visit personally unfortunately, no events and many others. large number of qualified even the most remote were held this year due to aviation personnel remain The work of Russian points and construction the COVID-19 pandemic. jobless, with arrears in aviators, airports, air sites in order to monitor salaries and picketing, it The quite new event for navigation and ground the implementation of the was necessary to employ FATA in 2019 was the services providers were program. them fast, to close debts organization of aviation evaluated by the country's Can Erel: Can accumulated by the support for participants leadership as flawless and you share your way mentioned 2 airlines and guests of the Russia– we are very proud of this. of success and major toward airports, fuel and Africa Forum. challenges in civil Readers of your magazine air navigation services. I aviation? In 2020 Russia chairs the will find it interesting that remember with gratitude Alexander Neradko: Shanghai Cooperation the Russian civil aviation the support of the Undoubtedly, a very Organization (SCO) and the annually organizes Directorate General of important responsibility BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, transportation of Russian Civil Aviation, (DGCA) of for me requiring China and South Africa) pilgrims to the Hajj. In 2019 Turkey helping in these not concentration and groups, and despite limited more than 26,500 pilgrims easy days to organize the preparation is air air connections, this means were transported. return of Russian tourists- a great responsibility for the clients of both airlines from transportation support Over the past few years, Russian aviation industry. Turkish resorts. of events at the national we have also had to face

15 INTERVIEW

Absolutely, the most aviation professionals civil aviation located in difficult challenges, are available to operate, Moscow, Saint Petersburg both emotionally and manage and maintain and Ulyanovsk. Each professionally, are air the future international of them also includes accidents with a large air transport system. educational organizations number of victims. I work at What can you say of secondary education about the Russian civil the scene from the very first (colleges) as branches. aviation education minutes, manage search Education is carried out structure and features and rescue operations, in terms of supporting at 32 professions and interact with colleagues, this initiative? specializations, 23 of them communicate with mass have an industry-oriented media, and with relatives Alexander Neradko: focus. of victims. The № 1 task Qualification, competence All educational is to establish the true and professional organizations are equipped reasons for the accident responsibility are the core with a modern base to and take measures to avoid principles of training of civil train specialists for the I would be happy with the repetition once and for all. aviation personnel. Safety operation of foreign aircraft strengthening of close Aspects of flight safety and and reliability of aircraft, and equipment, introduce academic and scientific prevention are the highest maintenance of flight and innovative technologies relations in the field of priorities for the Federal Air technical operation of in accordance with education and training of Transport Agency. aircraft on the required level – all of these depend on the international requirements, civil aviation professionals Due to the threats coming appropriate level of training. actively develop with our Turkish colleagues. from international terrorism international cooperation Therefore, the issues of Can Erel: How do to global civil aviation, very in educational and personnel training, ensuring you evaluate Russia and serious attention is being the full staffing needs of scientific fields, educate ICAO relations? paid to security measures the aviation enterprises, foreign citizens, participate .... basic approaches, any and the protection of the permanent professional in exchange programs distinctive strategy of air transport infrastructure recurrent training of for students, teaching Russia within the ICAO and air fleet from acts of specialists and heads of staff, internships with unlawful interference. civil aviation enterprises leading educational and Alexander Neradko: The scientific centers abroad, overall organization of Among the challenges that have great importance not involvement in international Russia’s representation we, as well as the aviation only for the industry, but for educational projects, within the ICAO is my administrations of other the country as whole. congresses, conferences direct job responsibility. The countries, determine and try 81 aviation-training and symposiums, and carry Russian Federation always to decide, I can also mention centers and 60 their out practical research. actively participates in the necessity to avoid a branches in 30 regions of ICAO activities, supporting deficit of qualified aviation the Russian Federation An attractive feature is strategic goals and personnel versus a growing are carrying out aviation of the Russian aviation conducting joint efforts amount of air carriages. It personnel training universities for foreigners with the world aviation is necessary to strengthen activities. is the ability of “through” community to create an and develop the personnel educational trajectory: integrated and safe global potential of the industry. Jointly with airlines, pre-university, bachelor air transport system. Much we conduct an annual programs, magistracy, Can Erel: My next analysis of the demand attention is paid to the question is exactly about post-graduate courses on for commercial pilots. This formation of the Russian this. As we all know that a wide range of professions is about 850 aircraft pilots side's approaches and the ICAO launched the demanded in civil aviation. policy related to all topics Next Generation of and 90 helicopter pilots for The intensive study of of the ICAO agenda; for this Aviation Professionals the period up to 2024. the Russian language is purpose, the Inter-ministerial (NGAP) initiative to The FATA is the founder conducted for foreign ensure that enough Commission on ICAO Affairs of 3 state universities of citizens as well. qualified and competent was established.

16 INTERVIEW

Surely, on a number of In 2017 the Russian signing arrangements "safety first" standards. issues discussed at the Federation joined the with many of them in We have implemented ICAO platform, Russia Montreal Convention of the field of certification the system for distribution openly criticizes and 1999. and airworthiness, as of information about defends its opinion. As prescribed by the ICAO. identified risk factors; all In 2018 an Agreement was they say, "truth is born in concerned parties get free signed on establishment In 2019 Russia successfully a dispute". access to it. The database and operation of the passed the ICAO Universal of investigation materials For example, we consider International Bureau Security Audit Program related to aviation unacceptable attempts for the investigation of with 95% achievement, accidents, incidents and are being made to aviation accidents and demonstrating a high operational occurrences impose an additional serious incidents, and we level of compliance with is one of the most popular and unjustified financial expect that other States ICAO standards in the information resources, burden on the civil aviation in our region will join this field of aviation security bringing together more than sector in the form of global Agreement as well. and protection of air 1,400 users representing market-based measures, transport infrastructure Earlier, in 2015, in 350 civil aviation industry the "carbon compensation and aircraft from acts of accordance with ICAO organizations. Important and reduction system for unlawful interference. recommendations, the attention is paid to aspects international aviation Government of the Undoubtedly the key of runway safety, seasonal (CORSIA)". It is obvious Russian Federation priority for the Russian and climatic specificity that withdrawal of made a decision on Federation is the provision of airline and airport significant financial returning functions of of flight safety in operations, ornithology, resources from the certification of civil accordance with the ICAO human factors and crew industry will have a aeronautical products negative impact on the back to the national speed of development of level as it was until 1991, civil aviation, especially in from the Interstate developing countries. Aviation Committee to We also defend the the Federal Air Transport necessity to keep Agency of Russia. It was the principle of a long-overdue step to multilingualism in the strengthen the national ICAO. It is unacceptable aviation industry, when international ICAO to raise the export events that require potential of Russia as involvement and opinions a country that designs of many countries are not and manufactures in supported with language respect to a wide list of services. aeronautical products and is directly responsible Generally, throughout for their safe operation in membership in the ICAO civil aviation. The leading our country is consistently aviation powers, as well committed to policy aimed as the states importing at following all provisions Russian-made civil of the Chicago Convention, aeronautical products implementation and the international of standards and aviation community fully recommended practices supported this reform. into national air legislation Now we are in process and its harmonization. of negotiating and INTERVIEW

passengers. The lowest level occurred in 1999. At that time, traffic was 22 mln passengers, decreasing almost 4 times. The amount of traffic recovered only by 2014 (84.6 mln passengers). Thus, the industry took about 15 years to recover.

In the current conditions, the drop was almost 100%. In addition to the crisis phenomena, the social stress has a significant impact today as well.

In May 2020 we implemented "Guidelines for a step-by-step exit from the anti-epidemic restricting regime imposed against the spread of a new coronavirus infection, while restoring air passenger transportation in civil aviation". Monitoring of ©©FATA the following of these resource management; On February 06, 2020, the Russia, how could your Guidelines by airlines technical flight conferences flag was returned to Earth government and industry and airports is performed on particular aircraft types and was handed over by me fight the COVID-19 permanently. Compliance are held on a regular basis to the ICAO headquarters pandemic? with these requirements is also required for foreign with the participation of as a gift to the Russian Alexander Neradko: The airlines to resume their air carriers, design and Federation in memory of amount of traffic of the international flights to manufacture companies. this unique event. top-10 Russian airlines destinations in the Russian on international air routes In December 2019, the Currently, of course, we Federation. entire international aviation are carefully monitoring in April-August 2020 community celebrated the the ICAO's initiatives on decreased by more than In general, the aviation 75th anniversary of the COVID-19 99% in comparison with the industry of the Russian same period of 2019. In total Federation is fully ready signing of the Convention on Can Erel: Almost 52.6 mln passengers were to restart on a reciprocal international civil aviation in all countries have been carried in 9 months of 2020, basis for air flights to/from 1944. In honor of this event forced to adopt strict the foreign countries, where on December 06, 2019 we measures to fight the amount decreased by 47 launched the ICAO flag from coronavirus, which first % in comparison with the the pandemic situation is the Baikonur Cosmodrome appeared in China in late same period of last year. demonstrating positive 2019 and quickly spread dynamics. to the International Space To compare, taking into to other countries, Station – I guess it never account the historical As for the priority measures resulting in a death toll flew so high before! On of state support for civil of over 1.5million so far. background, in 1990 the December 07, 2019, the Can you tell us the story amount of domestic air aviation, as one of the international space crew of how COVID-19 has transportation in the whole most affected by the addressed a video speech to impacted aviation in USSR was about 85.5 mln pandemic, they were mark this significant date.

18 INTERVIEW

resulted in adoption of personal protective resume flights after protection measures to of several important equipment (masks and a 4-month hiatus a number of countries legal acts concerning gloves), disinfection, due to the COVID-19 including Turkey. On the the introduction of a thermometry at all pandemic. Can you first step flights started moratorium on filing stages of the passenger's share your expectations from Moscow, Saint bankruptcy applications, journey, maintaining social regarding passenger Petersburg and Rostov-on- traffic and freight granting a grace period for distance and providing Don to Istanbul. Scheduled traffic between Turkey the organizations in order information about and charter flights of and Russia? to pay taxes, insurance contacts. Russian and Turkish air premiums and leasing Alexander Neradko: In carriers to/from Dalaman, Information about payments for aircraft. recent years Turkey has Bodrum and Antalya COVID-19 prevention Permits were extended, been a leader in the top-10 resumed August 10, 2020 is announced in the subsidies were allocated international destinations and are in high demand. airports and on board, the to airlines and airports popular for tourism for number of accompanying No doubt, it will take time from the reserved fund Russian citizens. Of course, persons in the terminals is to restore the previous of the Government of the they are looking forward to minimized and control over traffic volumes, and it Russian Federation for the the soonest normalization air conditioning systems is is difficult to make any partial compensation of of the situation. strengthened. Passengers forecasts, even initial the costs due to reduced are admitted on board Since the 1st of August ones, but both Russian revenues because of only in protective masks this year, Russia restarted and Turkish aviators are falling passenger air and gloves, that cannot be scheduled international ready to work together on traffic; Aeroflot as well removed during the entire flights in compliance this issue. as leading air carriers in flight, except taking food with the required sanitary other countries received and drinks. The "fasten targeted financial support. seat belts" mode is Special permissions activated permanently in were granted to several flight, minimizing moving passenger airlines of passengers on board. to transport socially important medicine The conditions for entry and sanitary goods and of foreign citizens to equipment in the cabin Russia are the mandatory of passenger aircraft – existence of medical which allowed for the insurance and negative conomic support of their results of a PCR test operational activity during for COVID-19. It is also the challenging period for mandatory to submit the industry. contact information that will allow quick Can Erel: What about measures taken identification of the against COVID-19 in passenger if one of the the air transport chain, passengers on their from the the gate at flight was diagnosed with a departure airport to coronavirus. the gate at an arrival Can Erel: Now, airport? let us move to air Alexander Neradko:Such transport between a set of measures routine our countries... In for all of us in the recent the middle of the summer 2020, Turkey months relates to the use and Russia agreed to Be-200 Amphibious Aircraft

Can Erel: What Unfortunately, sometimes over the world. One of the board. For one refueling, can be shared about foreign air regulators most effective means the aircraft is able to drop the current status of and operators are not of combating them is up to 270 tons of water on programs and business well informed about the through aviation. the fire. In addition, the partnerships in regard potential of Russian-made Be-200 can be quickly The Russian Be-200 to fixed and rotary aeronautical products, converted to carry 43 winged aircraft for amphibious aircraft but we are working on it passengers on medium- aerial firefighting that performs brilliantly in this – the task of popularizing length routes basing I took part in for both regard. The aircraft is really of Russian aeronautical both on aerodromes and initiatives? promising, multi-purpose products in foreign on water surface, and the and unique, certified for Alexander Neradko: markets are actively being medicine module can also civil aviation. I would say Russian aircraft and solved in various ways, be placed on board. that it is an aircraft of helicopters have unique including participation "three elemental forces – It is great that since June flight characteristics in the international air, fire and water", created 2020 by the decision of the and reliability, well exhibitions and air shows, to save people, wildlife, Ministry of Agriculture and recommended for all such as MAKS, Le Bourget, and infrastructure. This Forestry of the Republic climatic and geographical Eurasia-2018 in Antalya, is the only amphibious of Turkey, several Be-200 conditions from the Far and demo tours. jet aircraft in the world, amphibious aircraft with North to the southern Every year, wildfires which gives it undeniable Russian crews carried on latitudes and are offered cause huge economic and advantages in speed while fire duty near Antalya, at very competitive prices environmental damage extinguishing fires. It can Izmir and Bodrum. Our compared to western and lead to victims all take 12 tons of water on Turkish partners can products.

20 ©©Russian Helicopters Ka-32A11VS

small vessels, oil platform between our countries the Ministry of Industry pads were delivered to such as Indigenous and Trade of the Russian Turkey. Deliveries of regionaland/or other Federation, but as I am Ka-32A11VS became type aircraft design & aware, Turkish aerospace possible within the manufacturing, Fixed industries specialize in ©©Rosoboronexport framework of the Working and/or rotary winged aeronautical production aircraft modification, Arrangement in the field and produce various types New type airport, and of airworthiness signed of components and also wholly evaluate the Smart cargo hub? potential of this highly between the Federal Air have established serious efficient aircraft – in fact, Transport Agency and Alexander Neradko: The economic and trade like other countries, whose the General Directorate issue of the potential relations, and this may calls to help fight annual of Civil Aviation of Turkey of Russian - Turkish definitely be of interest wildfires are always in February 2018. cooperation in the aircraft to Russian corporations design and manufacture promptly responded to by Can Erel: Do involved in the design and industry is rather related Russia. you see any joint manufacture of aircraft to the competence of and helicopters. Besides, in 2019 a party of aviation programs Ka-32A11VS helicopters designed not only for ©©VIPport firefighting, but also for search and rescue operations, high-rise building, ferrying cargo inside cabin and on the external load sling, logging, medical evacuation, patrolling, and effectively operated in dense urban districts, remote mountain and forested areas, landing on deck of

21 As for airports, Turkish Can Erel: How be promising – Russia companies have proven would you evaluate launched a program in themselves well and relations between the 2018 to develop this regularly win tenders aviation authorities of socially important area, for the construction Turkey and Russia? which will cover the of airport terminals in Can we go further/ whole territory of the Russia. deeper into this topic, country by 2021. For how can we explore these tasks the Russian For example, a Turkish this? aviation industry offers construction consortium effective solutions for is constructing passenger Alexander Neradko: aircraft and helicopters terminal at Kemerovo In 1997 a “Long-term in the form of special airport. Earlier the same Program for the on-board emergency contractor built the development of trade, medical modules, new "Platov" airport economic, industrial, neonatal modules for terminal in Rostov-on- scientific and technical transporting newborns Don, which successfully cooperation” was signed and, important in the entered into operation in between our countries, pandemic situation, December 2017, and the also there are several boxes for infectious new passenger domestic intergovernmental patients. I am convinced terminal at Khabarovsk Medium-term programs that they could be Airport, which entered in for trade, economic, successfully utilized by operation in 2019. scientific, technical, the healthcare system transport and cultural Turkish companies of the Republic of Turkey. cooperation signed for also won tenders for its implementation. Since Can Erel: Is there the construction of 2010 the new bilateral anything you would a cargo terminal at intergovernmental Air like to add? Kazan airport and a new Services Agreement has terminal of Novosibirsk Alexander Neradko: I been working effectively. airport. Currently, the would like to thank you Turkish side is interested I can say with absolute for your interesting in projects for the confidence that mutually questions, and also, I construction of new beneficial cooperation in wish for civil aviation in terminals for Voronezh the field of air transport our countries to survive and Mirny airports. We will continue to develop in such a challenging have no doubts about continuously in the same time and to not only the quality and terms partnership and good- recover, but also to of work performed by neighborly spirit that improve the results and the Turkish companies exists between the civil amount of passenger – all newly constructed aviation administrations traffic and cargo terminals and their of Russia and Turkey. turnover as quickly as technological equipment possible. Areas for deepening meet the most modern our cooperation and In the future I would standards, requirements sharing best practices like to invite all of for providing comfort include air carriages, your readers to fly to for passengers with aviation education Russia, it is beautiful limited mobility. Given and pilot training, with its nature, cuisine, the number of airports flight safety, aviation and culture. And most we plan to build and security, airworthiness, importantly, take care reconstruct, I assume air navigation and of yourself and your that there will be enough airport infrastructure. beloved ones and be work here for both our Cooperation in the field healthy! construction teams and of emergency medical Turkish construction Can Erel: Thank care with the use of teams. you air ambulances may

Will the Effects of COVID-19 Cause Irreversible Damage to the Aviation Industry?

24 Dr. Batuğhan Karaer Chairman of the Finance Association, Turkey

The pandemic-induced uncertainty After the turbulent summer season, it is now makes predicting almost impossible. News widely believed that aviation may not return about the vaccines developed against the to normal for many years. Even if there is a coronavirus in the last quarter of the year glimmer of hope, airlines find it difficult to set raises hope that there’s light at the end their strategies because the fog of uncertainty of the tunnel. Health experts and officials still surrounds us. How the industry will develop say the problem will be almost over by the in a post-pandemic world is still one of the big winter next year. But even at this point, unknowns. the uncertainty and unpredictability in the tourism and aviation industry still persists.

25 FINANCIAL REVIEW

SALES In Millions of USD Table-1 Sep-18 Sep-19 Sep-20 Değ.18/20 Değ.19/20 figures for the related year are generated at the end EasyJet plc 2.421 2.485 405 -83% -84% of September. Thus, we Gol Linhas Aéreas Int. S.A. 716 893 174 -76% -81% can see the effects of the Singapore Airlines Limited 2.971 3.055 599 -80% -80% pandemic more clearly over United Airlines Holdings, Inc. 11.003 11.380 2.489 -77% -78% the September-end data. Delta Air Lines, Inc. 11.953 12.560 3.062 -74% -76% I would like to present some American Airlines Group Inc. 11.559 11.911 3.173 -73% -73% points in order to evaluate Deutsche Lufthansa AG 11.561 11.018 3.119 -73% -72% the course of the industry with 15 publicly listed Pegasus Airlines 603 726 206 -66% -72% companies whose financial Southwest Airlines Co. 5.575 5.639 1.793 -68% -68% data was published at the Air France-KLM SA 8.759 8.294 2.960 -66% -64% end of September. I also Ryanair Holdings plc 3.203 3.355 1.232 -62% -63% wanted to include some Turkish Airlines 3.954 3.990 1.526 -61% -62% other companies such as Qatar Airways and China Eastern Airlines Cor. Ltd. 4.871 4.844 2.529 -48% -48% Emirates, but I couldn’t Air China Limited 5.625 5.284 2.770 -51% -48% access their financial China Southern Airlines Co.Ltd. 6.018 6.119 3.886 -35% -36% data. I will try to outline the TOTAL 90.793 91.553 29.922 -67% -67% changes in the activities and fiscal structures of the As I mentioned in my airlines as of the end of June the northern hemisphere companies through some previous articles, airline in order to understand their is of great significance in tables and graphs. companies are the common financial situation during terms of evaluating their When we look at the component of the industry. the pandemic. performance in figures. The activities of the companies Therefore, like many others, real success of companies As we all know, September only in Q3 (not cumulative) I believe it is necessary to shows itself during this marks the end of the of the last three years, focus on airlines in order period of high travel peak season both in we can see in Table-1 to see the impact of the demand. In the following tourism and the aviation how company sales pandemic on the industry. quarter, there is a decline industry. Generally, the show a change in years. For this reason, I tried to in sales and profitability. In third quarter financial Accordingly, the total examine the figures of some general, the most positive outlook of the airlines in sales of the 15 companies

26 FINANCIAL REVIEW

decreased by 67% EBITDA Margin.% Table-2 Sep-18 Sep-19 Sep-20 compared to September Pegasus Airlines 33% 49% 35% turnovers both in 2018 and 2019. EasyJet, GOL Turkish Airlines 27% 26% 26% and Singapore Airlines are Ryanair Holdings plc 40% 39% 16% the companies with the China Southern Airlines Company Limited 20% 23% 10% highest losses of 80% or Air China Limited 26% 29% 9% more in their sales. While China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited 26% 28% 5% US airline companies have the highest turnover among Delta Air Lines, Inc. 19% 21% -15% these airlines in 2019, we Deutsche Lufthansa AG 19% 19% -21% see that this has changed Air France-KLM SA 19% 17% -28% after the pandemic. In Singapore Airlines Limited 14% 17% -45% 2020 Q3, the company Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S.A. 12% 29% -55% with the highest turnover among 15 companies was Southwest Airlines Co. 20% 20% -70% China Southern Airlines EasyJet plc 19% 21% -75% with US$ 3.9 billion, while United Airlines Holdings, Inc. 16% 18% -83% American Airlines was the American Airlines Group Inc. 15% 15% -94% second with US$ 3.2 billion and Lufthansa was the of 2018 and the sharp we see that the EBITDA profit of US$ 2.7 billion in third with US$ 3.1 billion. decline since June 2020 profit of airline companies 2019 Q3 among 15 airlines, As can be seen from the are clearly seen in Chart-1. decreased by 138% in total Delta Airlines recorded a table, Chinese airlines compared to September loss of US$ 459 million in have the lowest decline in When we examine the 2019. This loss is greater than 2020 Q3. The profitability turnover compared to other comparison made in similar the rate of decline in sales. ranking among companies companies. The course of periods in sales over the real Realizing the highest EBITDA has also changed compared turnover since the beginning operating profits (EBITDA),

27 FINANCIAL REVIEW

to the previous year with the such profitability. On the Chart-2 that the companies the substantial profitability effects of the pandemic. other hand, while Turkish with high EBITDA profits in loss. We can also say that With an EBITDA profit of companies maintained Q3 of the previous year the pandemic causes over US$ 1 billion in the same the EBITDA margin, it were the airlines with the permanent damage to airline period of the previous year, is seen in Table-2 that highest losses in Q3 after companies that encounter the profitability of Turkish other companies' margins the pandemic. While these high EBITDA loss. It will be Airlines declined by 62% to declined considerably and companies (except Ryanair) difficult to compensate for US$ 399 million in 2020 Q3. some of them took dropped appear as US and European this loss over many years, However, Turkish Airlines has into negative figures. airline companies, it is seen with the damages to occur achieved the best results that Chinese companies in the coming winter season. It is also noteworthy in among 15 airlines with do not incur losses despite Many of the airline companies, the sales and EQUITY In Millions of USD Table-3 Sep-18 Sep-19 Sep-20 operating profitability of EasyJet plc 4.214 3.670 2.450 which declined or even Gol Linhas Aéreas Int. S.A. -1.115 -1.826 -2.517 turned into losses, strived Singapore Airlines Limited 10.550 8.825 11.460 to endure this tough period United Airlines Holdings, Inc. 9.469 11.301 7.003 through funds generated in the past and/or through Delta Air Lines, Inc. 13.704 15.068 3.357 borrowing. As a natural American Airlines Group Inc. -568 160 -5.528 outcome, their working Deutsche Lufthansa AG 13.287 9.801 3.925 capital and fiscal structures Pegasus Airlines 743 842 761 weakened. Southwest Airlines Co. 10.153 9.931 9.769 The total level of debt of the Air France-KLM SA 3.822 1.933 -5.480 15 companies increased Ryanair Holdings plc 6.335 6.929 5.838 from US$ 377.6 billion in 2019 Q3 to US$ 464.8 billion Turkish Airlines 6.012 6.637 5.710 in 2020 Q3 with an increase China Eastern Airlines Cor. Ltd. 8.985 10.036 8.809 of 23%. Chart-3 illustrates Air China Limited 15.038 14.233 12.913 the funds borrowed by China Southern Airlines Co.Ltd. 11.591 11.000 12.376 companies in Q3 in the last TOTAL 112.218 108.539 70.847 three years.

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FINANCIAL REVIEW

As the debts of Singapore Current ratio - Table-4 Sep-18 Sep-19 Sep-20 +/- Airlines and China Southern Airlines increased during Southwest Airlines Co. 0,71 0,65 2,07 + the pandemic, their equities Singapore Airlines Limited 0,72 0,41 1,30 + also increased. While the equities of other companies Delta Air Lines, Inc. 0,37 0,34 1,27 + significantly depleted, the United Airlines Holdings, Inc. 0,63 0,54 1,04 + equities of some turned negative. The equity changes Pegasus Airlines 1,76 1,37 0,96 - of the companies in the last Ryanair Holdings plc 1,25 1,27 0,86 - three years can be seen in American Airlines Group Inc. 0,58 0,49 0,74 + Table-3. In general terms, the distribution of liabilities has EasyJet plc 0,97 0,79 0,67 - changed in favor of debts Air France-KLM SA 0,78 0,68 0,62 - as a result of the increase in the borrowing of companies Deutsche Lufthansa AG 0,78 0,68 0,62 - and/or the depletion of their Turkish Airlines 1,05 0,74 0,61 - equity. China Southern Airlines Co.Ltd. 0,37 0,19 0,34 + In other words, I think there Air China Limited 0,33 0,33 0,28 - is an effort to overcome the impact of pandemic by Gol Linhas Aéreas Int. S.A. 0,46 0,47 0,24 - financing assets through China Eastern Airlines Cor. Ltd. 0,27 0,26 0,24 - borrowing. This shows us that the financing costs in the next period. On the current assets, it is seen above in favor of borrowing that will arise as a result of other hand, companies that that there are increases in US in Chart-4. It is possible to the high indebtedness of have to overcome the crisis companies and Singapore say that the fiscal structures companies in the medium by investing in short-term Airlines and decreases in of all companies are and long term will pose a assets through long-term many other companies. In negatively affected, except significant challenge in borrowing may have low other words, we can say the for Singapore Airlines, whose compensating their losses profitability in the future. significant portion of the resource structure is sound during the pandemic period. This means that the loss funds, which US companies in terms of equity, and The financing costs to be will be compensated over a acquired through borrowing China Southern, which has incurred while trying to longer period than expected. and Singapore Airlines not undergone a significant recover in the future should Needless to say, we assume through equity increase, change compared to also be managed well. that companies will not was used in short-term previous years. The fact Another drawback may undergo another crisis in assets. Although China that companies prefer to arise regarding the maturity the future. Southern Airlines' current overcome the pandemic structure of borrowed ratio increased compared through borrowing (some of funds. Maturity mismatch Looking at the adequacy of to 2019, when we look at which comprises state aid) between assets and liabilities companies' working capital the average for the last two actually means that they may also cause trouble in after the equity increase years, no significant increase defer the problem in a sense, corporate cash management and / or borrowing can also has been recorded. as we previously stated. in the medium and long term. give us an idea on maturity The more deterioration in Although it is a solution to matching. When we look When we also look at fiscal structure compared overcome the difficulties in at the data of the current the change in the fiscal to previous years, the the short term, borrowing ratio in Q3 over the last structures of companies more severe the problems with an inappropriate three years, which shows after borrowing due to the and their duration will maturity structure (short- the capacity of companies pandemic, we can clearly become in the following term borrowing) may lead in Table-4 to pay their see the change in the period. Fulfilling part of to more severe problems short-term liabilities with resource structure stated

30

FINANCIAL REVIEW

the resource needs by industry, based only on the of these companies did do not make any strategy increasing equity will balance sheets and income not show a considerable mistakes and do not suffer make it easier to solve the statements of the 15 airline change or were stronger any significant damage problems and will enable companies of which we are than the pre-pandemic during the winter season. companies to return trying to examine changes period. Therefore, it is Chinese companies are to their pre-pandemic in their sales volumes, quite positive for these also in an advantageous situation (number of operating profitability, companies that there will position, but the negative passengers, market share, borrowing, fiscal structure be no problems in terms outlook on their working etc.) sooner. Despite the and working capital before of cash management and capital adequacy creates fact that borrowing is a and after the pandemic. managing short-term the impression that they solution in the short term, However, the figures of liabilities. may have difficulties in it can lead the related some companies, which The remaining companies cash flow management in company to lag behind its have an important place in will possibly recover the short term. Among the strong competitors in the the global aviation industry much more quickly in 15 companies, we can easily post-pandemic period. and in their own region, give the aftermath of the say that the companies us the opportunity to make On the other hand, as it pandemic. We see that with the potential to make some comments and draw will be difficult to put any these companies are the the biggest moves after the inferences. other securities in place ones that entered into the pandemic are Singapore except share transfer in I don't want to make a pandemic process with a Airlines, the second is return for unpaid debts, generalization, but it strong financial structure Turkish Airlines and the we will probably see seems that American and and / or successfully have third is Ryanair, and they partial nationalization European network airlines managed their operating are followed by low-cost and / or airline companies have been suffering more profitability in this carriers. to be owned by financial from the pandemic than process. Turkish Airlines Note: Sources used institutions in the future. other companies and it and Pegasus Airlines also for financial data of will be difficult for them are included in this group. Certainly, it would be companies: https:// to overcome the impacts We can also say that the quite assertive to make seekingalpha.com/ and of the pandemic for a Turkish companies will have a definitive judgment Bloomberg long while. On the other the competitive advantage on the overall aviation hand, the working capital after the pandemic, if they

32

©©Blackshape Aircraft

©©Blackshape Aircraft ©©Blackshape Aircraft

34 Blackshape Aircraft 2020 with Luciano Belviso, Founder & CEO of Blackshape Aircraft

by Muhammed Kerem by Enes Kocatopçu Sarı

As a task force of young aviators, BCI4@ his aviation background, Blackshape Aircraft, Team by the motto of "...understanding the and general aviation and training technologies future of aviation with the facts and figures of in this company. We would like to thank Mr. today!" was founded as a part of the CAN'CA Antonio Amendolagine, Marketing Manager of Intellectual Projects by Can Erel. Blackshape Aircraft, and Ms. Ilaria Trapuzzano, Communication and Media Manager of Angel With its business and academic mentorships, Company, for their contributions in forming BCI4@ Team conducts interviews called the structure of our questions and of course “Business Cockpit Interviews (BCI)” with Mr. Belviso for his time and the thoughts decision-makers and/or senior executives he shared. Also, we would like to thank our in the international and domestic aviation adviser M. Celalettin Değirmencioğlu for industries and shares. his full support in this interview process. In this interview with Luciano Belviso, Founder Enjoy the interview! & CEO of Blackshape Aircraft, we focused on 35 BUSINESS COCKPIT INTERVIEWS

BCI4@ Team: Can technologies are not ©©Blackshape Aircraft you share a bit about mature yet, I believe in a yourself and your short while the traditional career path Mr. Belviso? feeling of the good and Luciano Belviso: I've old times of the aviation always been fascinated by community will leave technologies and by all the floor to the all-new mobility industry. I earned excitement for what will my degree in Aerospace come next. Engineering from the A shift of the aviation Polytechnic University of culture is also likely Turin and I completed my to be soon, following university studies with a what happened in the Master’s in Mechanical automotive industry. I Engineering from the refer – for instance – to Federal Polytechnic School shared mobility or to the of Lausanne, Switzerland, experience market. and a Master of Laws from All these factors will the University of Paris XI probably contribute to a in France. I believe my growth or – I would rather curiosity and the desire say – to a democratization to grow professionally, Luciano Belviso, CEO of Blackshape Aircraft of the aviation culture encouraged me to travel which will slowly enter the world and have my Luciano Belviso: With taxation. However, most everybody’s life. first working experiences the new Basic Regulation, people probably didn’t in Europe, Russia, Canada, European countries have realize, but we all face This will be a tremendous India and South America. the possibility to increase a new era in aviation, opportunity to expand the For unknown reasons, the MTOW of ultralight due to the investment in business to a much larger I think everybody gets to 600kg, like Germany technologies and their customer base, which – “old” when they turn 23, so did from 2018. This will application to the aviation similarly to the automotive at 25 I decided to return certainly bring new life to business. industry – will likely be in Italy and reinvest what the UL market. Concerning polarized between those I learned in one of my For instance, VTOL or the light aircraft market, who choose an aircraft projects, with the dream to electric propulsion will I believe the situation is to travel from A to B and create something unique likely have an outcome in different from country those who are focused and to become a Made the light aircraft market. to country, depending on “how” that travel will in Italy excellence. Funny Even though these on infrastructure and be sharing our values in enough, when you get “old” terms of performance, at 23 you are not really old, ©©Blackshape Aircraft design, overall quality and and I’m thankful for all the emotions. opportunities this season BCI4@ Team: How has of my life is offering. COVID-19 affected BCI4@ Team: How do the ultralight and light you evaluate the future aircraft market? of the ultralight and I believe light aircraft market, Luciano Belviso: especially in the next COVID-19 is acting decade? Also, what like an accelerator to is the importance of bring processes to their investing in this area? Blackshape Prime outcome. Europe has

36 BUSINESS COCKPIT INTERVIEWS

different fragile markets that are suffering from this pandemic which will probably require attention by regulators, more infrastructure and more aviation culture. If COVID-19 made us aware of this, I think we should act soon. Blackshape has a presence on all continents, but our HQ is in Europe and we’re committed to playing our role also to facilitate Blackshape Aircraft ©©Blackshape Aircraft rulemaking processes. Production Team

BCI4@ Team: In which We’ve been working hard lot of experience with it for as recreational, for the areas has Blackshape on its flight performance our future design. When extreme performance solutions made a and details to offer an we started to think about lovers, who have a difference in the amazing flight experience the Gabriél we already Private Pilot License period of COVID-19, a time when the search and our design is made had the experience of our (PPL). The aircraft has for private flights has in Italy. The Prime is a customers in mind and data-recording systems increased? “Supercraft”, unique in we wanted to make the onboard that make it its category and already perfect ab-initio trainer a sort of ‘flying lab’, Luciano Belviso: If we in use in 18 countries to suit modern training with state-of-the-art refer to the recreational worldwide. In Europe, it is needs. Thus, the Gabriél is equipment and avionics market, our product has a possible to pilot it with a general aviation aircraft and with dual controls high positioning, therefore an ultralight aircraft pilot conceived for the training to carry out a detailed our customers were only license. The Prime is in use of professional pilots, both analysis of the cadet’s marginally affected by also in different training civil and military. Thanks skills. These features allow COVID-19 (logistics and organizations outside to its versatility, Gabriél Gabriél to fill a gap in the test flights). We see very Europe and this brought a can also be configured aviation market and train similar behavior with the next generation of respect to other sectors ©©Blackshape Aircraft cadets. (i.e. high-end sport cars) where some companies BCI4@ Team: What type of innovations had record sales. have come to the BCI4@ Team: Can you market as a result tell us about Prime and of Blackshape’s Gabriel? What are the approach to design and differences between production processes, them? What are their training, and flight superior characteristics activities? compared to other aircraft? Luciano Belviso: We use concurrent design from Luciano Belviso: the very beginning, and Blackshape Prime is a we involve our customers two-seater ultralight at a very early stage of aircraft conceived for Blackshape Aircraft, the development. We Cockpit of Blackshape Prime the recreational market. manufacture all our

37 BUSINESS COCKPIT INTERVIEWS

aircraft in CFRP with autoclave moulding – same process of the Boeing 787 – which makes the airframe last for its entire life without need of intermediate actions.

But apart from design and manufacturing, we are always driven to deep dive into specific market needs (training, ISR, etc.) and approach them in a holistic way to build our ©©Blackshape Aircraft “innovation”. That’s the Blackshape Prime most attractive part of our work. created an aerial platform specific need, and we tools to train captains, BCI4@ Team: You capable of intercepting have many customers who not simply pilots. Until have accomplished to and recognizing threats, learned how to fly directly in autonomous commercial participate in the largest generating an alarm to our aircraft. Some of them flights will be possible (we EU funded defense favour an intervention that decided to learn how to fly don’t have the enablers research project for contrasts the threat itself. because of our aircraft as today) this sector will need maritime surveillance. Among the technologies they wouldn’t have been captains accountable and What do you think about used, there is also remote attracted to start their responsible to keep air its significance for your company? piloting. license on another kind of transportation the safest BCI4@ Team: How are airplane. way to move people. As Luciano Belviso: ISR Blackshape's aircraft BCI4@ Team: What are suppliers of integrated (Intelligence Surveillance used for beginner your thoughts on the systems that allow the and Reconnaissance) flight training of importance of civil pilot selection and training of and autonomous flight amateur aviators? Does training programs in this pilots, this is our mission constitute a pillar in our Blackshape Aircraft and future era? and our commitment. developments and strategy. have educational BCI4@ Team: How would We live in a geopolitical solutions for this? Luciano Belviso: We started you evaluate the future climate that requires, for to be active in the field of Luciano Belviso: We of autonomous piloting? needs ranging from the pilot training but, unlike normally take care of our What is Blackshape’s fight against smuggling most solutions offered, we customers from all points position in this industry? to piracy, a series of specialized on the skills of view. We offer tailored Are there any new strategic and tactical to be delivered to pilots. projects on this subject? solutions based on every surveillance actions. We In other words, we create

©©Blackshape Aircraft

38 BUSINESS COCKPIT INTERVIEWS

Luciano Belviso: Autonomous flight BCI4@ Team: What does has great potential and like all Blackshape and Angel have in technologies with a possible disrupting mind for the Turkey market in impact need to be considered very terms of products? What do you carefully. We already flew remotely our think about the future market in ISR platform and for some markets Turkey? this technology already has the right Luciano Belviso: The Turkey market level of maturity. We’re investing in this is surely interesting to us, and we sector and we do have new projects in are confident the next years will our pipeline. unlock important opportunities in BCI4@ Team: Do you think use the aerospace and aviation sectors. of VTOL aircraft will expand in Moreover, we have an historical the future? What action can proficient relationship with Turkey Blackshape take in the VTOL- within Angel Group: MERMEC, global ©©Blackshape Aircraft aircraft market? What aspects will leader in Railway Diagnostics and its set it apart from its competitors sister company, provides Diagnostics in this market? Solutions helping to monitor the Luciano Belviso, Founder & Luciano Belviso: The VTOL market is health status of the entire Turkish CEO of Blackshape Aircraft Railway. very attractive, and it was anticipated Luciano Belviso holds a Bachelors to expand the customer base and BCI4@ Team: What would you in Aerospace Engineering from the enable other forms of mobility (i.e. recommend to young people Politecnico di Torino, Italy, as well as urban areas, goods delivery, etc.). aiming for a career in the a Master of Science in Mechanical However, the technology to enable such ultralight and light aircraft Engineering from the Ecole industry? a revolution needs uncompromised Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, attention to go through its growth Luciano Belviso: Be passionate. Switzerland, and a Master of Laws and become ready for certification. Every sector with the right passion from the Université Paris XI, France. He I believe there’s a huge difference is good, but if your taste brings you is a member of the Space Generation between demonstrating that vertical to aerospace, you’re lucky. We face Advisory Council in support of the flight is possible (of course, it is) and very interesting times rich with United Nations Space Program, member making it a realistic solution, certified opportunities and those who have the of the International Institute of Space and available to customers. passion to go through difficulties will Law. His academic and professional We’ve always been interested in the be happy to be in the domain which experience includes Europe, Russia, aviation business itself; we unveiled will potentially re-shape our world Canada, India and South America. our last aircraft (the Gabriél) only after its certification, so what I can say – for now – is that we’re considering very seriously all perspectives that technology offers.

©©Blackshape Aircraft Blackshape Aircraft Hangar

39 Avoidable Showstoppers During Aircraft The most important Transitions issues before starting an aircraft transition project for the parties are to have aircraft transition layover precautionary action to a clear understanding of work package. The more see the physical status their asset status and the lessee knows about of the engine and an the status of the records. by Cengiz Armutlu these gaps, the less risk APU (Auxiliary Power Industrial Engineer, ISO/IEC Starting a project blind will will be faced during the Unit) and provides the 17024 Certified Expert mostly cause long delays aircraft transition phase lessee with the ability to and budget risk exposure and unexpected costs adjust the works scope In a recent article due to penalties and will be reduced or avoided accordingly. This can save I explained the additional maintenance importance of altogether. valuable time, since if an costs. engine fails during the aircraft record The following issues keeping and acceptance Borescope An aircraft transition are the most common digitalization of Inspection at the end of requires good preparation hurdles which jeopardize records to ease the layover, it will cause in a timely manner. The the time plan and budget aircraft transitions, lessee needs to know a significant delay from save costs and asset plan during an aircraft the exact lease return one month to six months value. In this article transition. conditions, which are depending on if the repair I will try to highlight can be completed onsite or the most common agreed upon during lease Engine and in the engine shop. pitfalls that can agreement execution, APU condition occur during aircraft and compare the current Engine health monitoring Engines are the most- transition projects. Status of the aircraft, is a non-avoidable part costly part of an aircraft I have personally its parts, and related of modern Maintenance managed many such asset. Therefore, special documents against these programs and needs to be projects to support attention needs to be given return conditions. The followed carefully. Even a lessor and lessee to the physical condition gaps between the lease certain Performance level customers where return conditions and and performance condition I have collected allows the continuation the current condition of of the engine. valuable firsthand of engine operation, but the aircraft and its parts experience and A pre-Borescope it may be not acceptable will be the basis of the expertise. Inspection can be a to the owner of the asset

40 AIRCRAFT TRANSITION

during lease return. Mostly lease return conditions define a minimum Exhaust Gas Temperature Margin (EGTM) level. EGTM is the difference between the peak EGT reached during take-off and the certified max EGT, which is used to evaluate and follow engine health and possible time on-wing. The Operator follows the EGTM trend to see the health condition of the engine to calculate the engine replacement time and take the necessary action according to this projection. During the lease Return this parameter is an important Two CFM 56 Engines waiting to be repaired onsite indication whether the engine will be accepted or usage of such certified Life-limited part comparing to installing failed. Engine performance PMA parts can save the Back to Birth new LLPs which will cause deterioration rate can be operator costs during the high costs and give away reduced with periodical time of operation, but the (LLP BtB) issues the unused life-limit of the engine washes during lease contracts usually A life-limited part (LLP) parts. The increased usage the operation period, but don’t allow the use of is a part with a hard of used LLPs has caused if the remaining EGTM is PMA parts without any limitation mostly limited a significant increase becoming too low or below exception or don’t allow to flight Cycles but in the focus on LLP BtB the contractual level, a the usage of PMA parts rarely also Flight Hours Documentation. possible performance for critical Systems such or calendar days. LLPs Aircraft documentation Shop visit needs to be as the engine and APUs. are mostly installed is inspected in detail considered before starting Principally, using PMA on Engines, APUs and during the delivery and the Transition period. parts during operation Landing Gears. redelivery processes with on a leased Aircraft or Another important issue Airlines are using more special attention place engine is subject to lessors is the usage of Part and more used LLPs as on LLPs and their trace approval, but mostly this Manufacturer Approval a replacement of an to birth (manufacture). is not allowed and during (PMA) Parts especially LLP which has reached Airlines are responsible the lease return the lessee on Engine and APUs, the approved limit. The for the safety of flight operator needs to prove but not limited. Parts Operator calculates the and they need to ensure the non-usage of PMA Manufacturer Approval remaining operation that documentation parts with a statement. is an FAA design and time of the asset and meets airworthiness If an Operator uses PMA production approval for the required minimum standards. Additionally parts in their operation, aircraft parts which allows LLP life during the lease such documentation is these parts most probably them to be installed to the Return and sources the considered to be very would need to be replaced aircraft and for its parts to appropriate LLP from important by the lessors by OEM parts before the be used as alternatives to the secondhand market. and aircraft owners as lease return, which causes OEM (Original Equipment Installing used LLPs have it can have a significant additional costs. Manufacturer) parts. The a big cost saving potential impact on asset value

41 An A319 waiting for its two CFM56 Engines to be reinstalled after repair and marketability of the during the aircraft transition Aircraft etc. must be kept in proper aircraft or its parts such as process, the IATA Aircraft Structural order assigned to each Engine, APU, Landing Gear Leasing Technical Group Structure Item. or the LLP as a standalone prepared Guidance Material condition The operators should part. and Best Practices for Life- An aircraft can have update these documents Limited Parts traceability in many operators in its The Problems begin mostly continuously during June 2020. This document entire lifetime, and during due to the differences asset operation and helps industry professionals operations structural between aviation regulation performing a full structural to better understand and damages will occur, requirements vs. industry assessment of the aircraft have a guideline to follow where some of them are requirements considered is highly recommended in an during lease preparation. within limits as per the to be commercial LLP appropriate Layover mostly Beside the definitions the Structure Repair Manuals transactions. Aviation within C Checks prior to document provides a lot (SRM) and can be left regulations typically require the Lease return layover. of information about the as is, and some of them an operator to know the This will help to expose necessary documentation, are beyond the limits current life status of its any gaps between the considering different and need to be repaired LLPs. However, to know current existing structural scenarios of transactions as per the Structure the current status of the damages, repairs, and the and some templates for the Repair Manual or Original LLP is not sufficient for respective Documents. LLP Documentation. Equipment Manufacturer industry LLP transactions This can allow time for the (OEM)s instructions. All and the lessor or owner of To avoid any unexpectedly operator to search for the these events need to be the asset requires the full surprises the lessee missing documentation documented in a proper BtB traceability of each operators need to check from the historical records. way and must be listed in installed LLP such as all the LLP BtB traceability If a lack of documentation a Dent and Buckle, Repair the removal installation critically before they agree is discovered for an existing chart. All the necessary Data, accumulated cycles to buy and install subject repair during the lease documentation with and categories, incident/ LLPs. Furthermore, a BtB return process, the end necessary information accident clearances, traceability review needs result may end up being a such as the Structure ownership status of the LLP to be performed after each requirement to remove the Defect Reports, SRM from the time of birth up Shop visit and before the existing repair and perform extracts, Material to the current transaction Aircraft transition process. it again which causes Information, Work Orders, time. A lack of proof about the unnecessary costs and time required Nondestructive birth traceability can lead delays for the transaction Since this issue is becoming Test (NDT) inspection to a number of unwelcomed target. more and more important Reports, OEM instructions financial repercussions.

42 The IATAs Guidance issue it may delay Material and Best the entire Transition Practices for Aircraft process or at least it has Leases Annex V provides a financial impact in the valuable information form of compensation about Structural Repair during the acceptance files and it can be used process. as a Guideline during the The Operators need preparation of Structural to have a continuous Repair files. overview on the Cabin Aircraft Cabin status and maintenance condition firstly for their commercial appearance It is typical for Aircraft to the passengers and for Cabins to undergo some the lease return process. refurbishment, cabin Therefore, a dedicated layout changes during cabin team can have the change of operators more control over the or during the lease term status of the aircraft of one operator. These cabin on the entire cabin layout changes are fleet and can order the mostly performed with required parts in advance OEM Service Bulletins of the aircraft transition or Design Organization layovers to avoid Approved (such as EASA unnecessary delays in Part 21 Approval) Change the process. Bulletins. These changes need to be documented The core interest of very well and the spare Operators is to operate parts need to be secured the aircraft safely and for continuous operation. cost efficiently, therefore Aircraft cabins usually they often concentrate suffer damage due to more on daily operational heavy usage and the requirements and fact that they are being tend to ignore or not pay sufficient kept within an operator’s attention to the lease standard which is not return conditions in a always the industry proactive and timely standard. Cabin material manner. A professional is mostly subject to team experienced in long lead times, up to 6 the aircraft transition months. This will cause delays on the aircraft management can help transition layover since to prepare the aircraft the parts are almost and its records for the never delivered within Lease return without the layover period. Cabin any daily operational defects depend on the stress. Investing in category, as cosmetic or proper preparation can if it is an airworthiness save extra expenditures, time, and stress Boeing Wakes Up from A 20-Month Nightmare! 737 MAX is Set to Return to the Skies

been grounded for 20 What needs to be of software installations months since March 2019. done before 737 of the MCAS system that Following the updates caused both crashes, and on the jet to increase MAX will be able the latest versions of the flight safety, new training to fly again? documents are to be used protocols for pilots and With its Airworthiness in all operations and the the successful completion Directive AD 2020-24-02, application of other ADs of comprehensive safety the FAA also detailed what that have not previously tests, the FAA announced been applied to the aircraft by Muhammed Yılmaz needs to be done before 737 Aeronautical Engineer that they rescinded the MAX’s return to the skies. other than AD 2020-24-02 order that grounded the are to be completed. Finally, some good aircraft and published an Accordingly, the news after months! The It was emphasized that after Airworthiness Directive implementation of the U.S. Federal Aviation changing the installation (AD) 2020-24-02 on procedures for the aircraft Administration (FAA) has instruction of the horizontal November 20, 2020. returning to service lifted the longest jet flight which have been storage stabilizer trim wire and ban ever in commercial MAX jet has become the for an extended period performing the AOA-angle aviation history and most reviewed aircraft in of time as per Aircraft of attack sensor system approved the 737 MAX’s aviation history. "We've Maintenance Manuel test followed by a final test return to the skies. done everything humanly Chapter 10, performance flight, the aircraft can return possible to make sure to commercial operations if The 737 MAX jets, which of scheduled maintenance these types of crashes do everything goes smoothly. crashed twice, once in operations, adaptation of not happen again," said FAA Before the test flight, a Indonesia and in Ethiopia the changed MMEL (Master Administrator Dickson and 280-man-hour process within a period of 5 Minimum Equipment List) to who also piloted a MAX jet has to be completed on months and led to a tragic company’s MEL (Minimum on a test flight. each aircraft. In addition, loss of 346 people, had Equipment List), completion the training procedures of

©©Boeing 44 the 737 MAX pilots have The reaction of the In the AD proposed by the this proposal of the EASA been changed, making it European Union Aviation EASA, unlike the FAA, the is accepted and put into compulsory to provide 5 Safety Agency (EASA) Boeing Service Bulletin practice, it opens up an hours of extra training to was eagerly awaited by (SB) is requested to be opportunity for the Airbus each pilot. 2 hours of this the aviation industry after applied on the aircraft, A320 family, the biggest training will be given in the the FAA’s announcement; which will enable the "Stall competitor of the 737 MAX. simulator. the EASA made a written Warning" system (stick The EASA's draft AD also statement, declaring that shaker) to be deactivated brings additional flight War room is to be it has decided not to adopt if requested, once it training to pilots. For the established AD 2020-24-02, which has been erroneously training to be given in describes the procedures activated by the system When commercial flights the flight simulator, the to be done in order for 737 and causing workload resume, Boeing will run a relevant simulators will MAX to fly again. The EASA, increase and panic in the war room desk, monitoring also need to be modified which finds the precautions cockpit. In the relevant all MAX flights 24 hours a to meet the requirements taken by the FAA insufficient SB, it is suggested that day. From stuck landing of such training. gear to health emergencies, under certain matters, the Stall Warning system even the slightest problem announced that the circuit breaker buttons can The civil aviation on the aircraft will be necessary assessments be used to deactivate the authorities of Brazil, monitored closely by this would continue. Stall Warning system by Canada and India placing on them colored announced that they war room team. The EASA has announced caps. would continue their its own AD draft (PAD) on The EASA takes assessments, and the the subject. The PAD will In the PAD of the EASA, aircraft would continue more cautious remain open to comments the RNP-AR, which to be grounded during approach for twenty-eight days and allows precise approach this period, and that anyone interested in the to aircraft using GPS Airlines in the U.S. are free to they wanted to conclude subject will be able to submit technology, is proposed relaunch commercial flights such reviews soon. It is comments and opinions to be banned on 737 MAX with the 737 MAX after also unclear whether the during this period. The EASA aircraft. The justification meeting the requirements Chinese civil aviation AD, which will allow 737 MAX for this ban is explained of the FAA. However, other authority, which led the aircraft to fly in European as the risk of AOA failure civil aviation authorities way for grounding the jets airspace, is expected to be during this operation would around the world have not around the world, will lift published in January 2021 at cause irreparable results. approved the MAX's return the flight ban on MAXs. to service yet. the end of such period. The public mood is that if

©©Boeing

737 Max 8 of GOL Airlines lift off from São Paulo to Porto Alegre, along Brazil's eastern coast on 8 December, 2020

45 STATUS REPORT

©©Boeing Reform in the FAA's aircraft certification process

On the day that the FAA ended the 737 MAX's flight ban, the U.S. House unanimously approved legislation that will reform the Federal Aviation Administration's aircraft certification process. This When will the U.S., known as Boeing's caused enormous damage reform intends to ensure a first commercial largest customer, worldwide, to Boeing's reputation to U.S. manufactured aircraft announced that they might the tune of US$ 7.5 billion, MAX flight be never again crashes due to delay the delivery of the according to the study it design issues or regulatory conducted? new 737 MAXs they had conducted last year. failures. This brings critical ordered and planned to Despite the removal of When will the changes to the FAA's actions lower the number of aircraft in the certification process some barriers and positive 737 MAXs fly in developments for MAXs to in their fleet. Moreover, of aircraft. Southwest management Turkey? return to service, Boeing still The committee, which also announced that they did has a hard battle ahead. There are currently 3 took the lead in this radical not plan to fly the previously airlines in Turkey that have decision, evaluated the 737 There are currently 390 received 34 737 MAXs until 737 MAXs in their fleet. MAX process as a fiasco, 737 MAXs in the fleets of 2021 Q3 and Q4. airlines around the world. Turkish Airlines received 12 explained that the crashes The U.S. manufacturer has American Airlines plans to jets before the flight bans. were due to engineering almost 450 already-built conduct the first commercial These jets are grounded in flaws, mismanagement, 737 MAXs waiting to be flight with the 737 MAX at Istanbul. Twelve more MAXs a severe lack of federal delivered to customers. The the end of December. The were manufactured to be oversight, and heavily FAA requirements for these airline will also activate delivered to Turkish Airlines criticized Boeing and the aircraft have to be met by an application that allows in a 20-month period and FAA for the preventable Boeing. This is thought to passengers to change their are waiting to be sent from but not avoided crashes. have caused further delays tickets free of charge if they Seattle to Istanbul. THY has Dennis Muilenburg, former in deliveries, but airlines are, do not want to fly with MAX. already placed a total of 75 Boeing CEO, testified MAX orders. Corendon was on the other hand, looking for The “MAX” brand before Congress on the first airline among Turkish the plane crashes, and ways to delay their deliveries will gradually for all aircraft types due to companies to include the 737 senators accused Boeing the negative effects of the disappear! MAX in its fleet. SunExpress of manufacturing “flying was also expecting to coffins”. The FAA was pandemic. Boeing is trying to figure receive the first 737 MAX believed to have ignored On the other hand, Boeing's out how to completely in April 2019. This delivery Boeing's mistakes and key customers announced remove the 'MAX' brand in was delayed due to the caused the deaths of people. the future, whose criminal that they will not place grounding, but the related 737 record has increased Meanwhile, the flight ban new orders for the 737 MAX MAXs are waiting in Seattle significantly. That's why lift of on the 737 MAX's until the conditions change to join the SunExpress fleet. when talking about MAX has caused a great sense positively. Ryanair, one of The fleet operators in Turkey jets, it uses the names 737- of disappointment and a Boeing's biggest customers are awaiting the EASA’s 8 and 737-9. Brand Finance, noted reaction amongst in Europe, announced that announcement to lift the the independent consultancy the families of those who they did not consider placing ban, looking forward to return company, announced that lost their lives in the crashes new orders for the 737 MAX. to the skies. Southwest Airlines of the MAX's problems have in Ethiopia and Indonesia

46 Timeline : A Brief History of Boeing 737 MAX from

Maiden April 2017 13, On October 29, 2018, November 22, 2019, Flight to 737 MAX 9 first flight Lion Air crash in Jakarta, Boeing unveiled the first Grounding Indonesia. Twelve minutes MAX 10 into the flight, the plane May 16, 2017, crashed into the Java Sea, The first 737 8 MAX killing all 189 people on December 23, 2019 August 30, 2011, delivery was made on board. Boeing CEO Dennis Boeing Introduces 737 to Malindo Air Muilenburg was MAX With Launch of suspended from his duty New Aircraft Family By March 10, 2019, Boeing had delivered 386 May 22 2017, of the 737 MAX jets. January 13, 2020, The first passenger flight New CEO David July 23, 2013, took off on Boeing completed the Calhoun started March 10, 2019, firm configuration for Ethiopian Airlines crash the 737 MAX 8 March 16, 2018, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. January 21, 2020, 737 MAX 7 first flight Six minutes after takeoff, Production at Boeing's the plane slammed into August 13, 2015, Renton, 737 factory was the ground at 700 miles The first 737 MAX officially halted per hour. All 157 people on fuselage rolled off the March 21, 2018, board were killed. factory line 737 MAX 9 first delivery to Lion Air May 27, 2020 Boeing resumes March 13, 2019, December 8, 2015, production of 737 MAX 737 MAX grounded all The first plane — a 737 May 2018 — over the world MAX 8 named "Spirit of A year after the first Between June 29 and Renton — was finished delivery — more than July 1, 2020, 130 MAX planes were April 2019, The FAA and Boeing in service with 28 Boeing cut production of conducted a series of January 29, 2016, different airlines around the plane by 10 units — recertification test flights. The MAX made its first the world. The MAX had from 52 to 42 per month test flight flown almost 42,000 flights in that time, August 19, 2020, moving about 6.5 million Boeing announced that it passengers, according October 28, 2019, had received new orders March 8, 2017, to Boeing stats. Boeing CEO Dennis for the 737 MAX for the MAX gained Muilenburg testified in first time in 2020 from certification from the front of Congress Poland's Enter Air SA FAA By October 27, 2018, 230 of the 737 MAX planes had been delivered November 11, 2019, November 18, 2020, March 27, 2017, to customers around the Boeing said it completed The FAA announced that MAX gained certification world. the first phase of the MAX had been cleared from the EASA recertification to return to service.

47 ©©STELIA Aerospace

Exceptional Widebody Premium Seats Expertly Crafted

by Şebnem Akalın Into Narrow-body Platforms

Interview with With a turnover of Emmanuel Regnier, VP 2.4 billion euros (2.64 of Sales and Marketing billion dollars) the group for Cabin Interiors at employs 7,500 employees STELIA Aerospace worldwide, including 4,500 in France and 3,000 in Mr. Emmanuel Regnier, thank you North America, Tunisia, for your time today. Morocco and Portugal. Can you give us some (figures as of the end of information about 2019). STELIA Aerospace? Some Aerospace Emmanuel Regnier : STELIA companies divide their Aerospace was created in activities between Boeing and Airbus. Can 2015, from the merger of you tell us how STELIA two Airbus companies, Aerospace divides Aerolia & Sogerma. activities? Through the latter we have extensive experience Emmanuel Regnier : For its Mr. Emmanuel Regnier in cabin interiors for aerostructures activities, STELIA Aerospace’s more than 30 years Finally, for our pilot seats, our Emmanuel Regnier : The customers are Airbus, with prestigious airlines customers are Airbus (for OPERA seat brings the Boeing, Bombardier, ATR customers, operating both the entire aircraft family), best level of comfort that and other manufacturers Airbus and Boeing aircraft. as well as some business is available today only on such as Bell, Embraer…. Today STELIA Aerospace jets and helicopters. the widebody platform to is one of the world’s Our First Class and the narrow-body aircraft leading manufacturers What about your Business Class passenger new Business class seat, market, thanks to its reverse for aerostructures, pilot seats are evenly spread OPERA? What do you herringbone configuration. seats and First Class and between our Airbus and offer your customers Among its many innovative Business Class passenger Boeing airlines customers with your new business features, the seat offers seats. (more than 50 worldwide) class seats? passengers:

48 ©©STELIA Aerospace ©©STELIA Aerospace

A wide and long full- The A321XLR is opening we also know that are currently deploying flat bed new opportunities to STELIA Aerospace robust action plans in The full privacy with a airlines, especially for has strengthened order to firstly adapt our fully integrated door in the legacy carriers which its manufacturing structure to a largely option will try to offer point to resources and opened reduced market demand an assembly line in Direct seat access to point premium routes and secondly to recover Portugal in 2019. all passengers with an in complement to their our competitiveness and What’s on the horizon enhanced direct view traditional offer via their get ready for the day to the window for STELIA Aerospace, hub platforms. can you inform us more when the market demand Very large surfaces about your future plans is back. and stowage In its current dimensions, and targets? capacities the seat fits with all the Would you like to A320 family platforms. Emmanuel Regnier : This is add anything in the Largest screen way of a message to capability on single- another story. You have partnered our readers? aisle with Turkish Airlines First, we are very proud in prior years; has Emmanuel Regnier : At present are to have been awarded Turkish Airlines shown Year after year, STELIA there any airplane Top Employer. This is the interest in using OPERA Aerospace’s teams companies that have result of a combination of started to use these seats? Any intentions deliver high quality various factors including seats? from Turkish Airlines products on time to our specifically effective, to perhaps use these customers around the Emmanuel Regnier : The seats in business engaging, attractive and world. Our expertise seat is currently in its final class, are there any inclusive HR policies and and proactive approach phase of qualification and negotiations occurring practices. result in premium seats is already present in the with them? Then, as for any that enhance passenger Airbus seat catalogue. It Emmanuel Regnier : Turkish other company in the comfort as well as meeting retains much attention Airlines is definitely a aeronautical industry, we high level requirements. from different airlines strong partner for STELIA are strongly and durably From our bespoke first- and we should see it flying Aerospace but I’m afraid hit by the Covid-19 crisis class options to our soon! we cannot comment on and its sanitary and luxurious mini-suites, Since OPERA is especially ongoing discussions with economic consequences. each seat brings its designed for the new our airline customers.… Therefore, we have no own brand of rest and coming long-haul market STELIA Aerospace other choice than to relaxation to passengers on single aisle, we are was awarded the ’Top face this unprecedented while optimizing cabin targeting airlines that Employer’ international crisis in order to secure layout for maximum are willing to operate certification from our future. This is why, revenue efficiency for the 7 to 9 hour flights with the Top Employers without entering into airlines single aisle platforms. Institute in 2019 and details, we have set up and

49 Atypical Delivery in the Still of the Night

by Muhammed Yılmaz

Positioned among the elite in wide-body passenger Later, an important signing President Emmanuel the league of global airlines, in aircraft. A memorandum of ceremony was conducted Macron’s invitation and 2017 Turkish Airlines moved understanding was signed between Airbus and a ceremony to announce forward with a decision regarding the Boeing 787 Turkish Airlines parties the initiation of Turkish to procure the Boeing 787 Dreamliner in September at the Elysee Palace in Airlines’ procurement Dreamliner and Airbus 350 2017 at a ceremony in New Paris on January 5, 2018. negotiations for the airplanes in line with plans York with the participation Turkey’s President, Recep Airbus A350-900 was of expanding and renewing of President Recep Tayyip Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit held in the presence of its fleet with new generation Erdoğan. to France upon France’s the two heads of state,

50 countries would escalate postponing deliveries. Later by the delivery time of the manufacturers’ production aircraft, and that due to the lines were suspended due to pandemic the aviation sector quarantine conditions, and would go through turmoil and new production programs turbulence so severe, and that were prepared based on order these factors would influence cancellations and changes. the delivery of the aircraft. In light of the projections The order for the aircraft suggesting that the was finalized at the Turkish normalization of the sector Airlines Executive Board would not occur before 2024 Meeting on March 9, 2018. In after the economic crisis the public announcement it caused by the pandemic, was declared that 30 aircraft the executives of Turkish orders would be placed (25 Airlines were amongst the final and 5 optional) for each airlines that visited Airbus to of the 787 Dreamliner and postpone the delivery of the A350-900 models. aircraft, cancelling a part of the orders and changing the Regarding the delivery of orders. the aircraft, it was stated that both models would be Two A350 aircraft dyed in included in the fleet within 6 THY’s color scheme with years; 6 aircraft in 2019, 14 in completed test flights were 2020, 10 aircraft in 2021, 12 in made ready for order and 2022, 11 in 2023 and 7 in 2024. these aircraft regularly appeared in images captured First Dreamliner in by Spotters in Toulouse. the fleet in June Often upon seeing these 2019, first A350 in aircraft Spotters and curious march 2020! onlookers would loudly inquire about the delivery date of the The first 787 Dreamliner of the aircraft. Turkish Airlines was received at the end of June 2019 and Meanwhile, a diplomatic crisis joined the fleet while it was emerged between Turkey and announced that the first France due to tension in the A350 would be joining the East Mediterranean and ©©Airbus fleet in March 2020 due to other political factors which Airbus’ busy production slots. added to Turkey’s decision where Turkish Airlines gas emissions, would on boycotting French goods, As the COVID-19 President & CEO İlker Aycı give THY an advantage and the delivery of the A350s pandemic became a hot and Airbus CEO Tom Enders in reaching its targets. turned into a bit of a fiasco. issue worldwide in mid- signed a memorandum of However, nobody present However, an essential detail February, all stakeholders understanding. at the Elysee Palace on missed at this point was that in the sector started to that day could have even Airbus was a multi-national According to the agreement adopt radical decisions. The guessed what the future had European Union brand, rather signed during this period, the airlines began to frequent in store. Unbeknownst to the than a product of France. This Airbus A350s which enabled manufacturers with demands world, the tension between set the stage for an interesting a 25% improvement in fuel such as cancelling orders or the two presidents and two and unceremonious delivery. consumption and harmful

51 ©©Turkish Airlines

The most and on a few websites. have used a new type of of 2020 and a decision mysterious Not even an aviation business class seat in the was made to decrease water cannon salute at A350s. However, there the yearly deliveries to delivery in the the airport was held when were no changes to the “reasonable levels” and to history of Turkish the first airplane touched business class seats. cancel part of the orders Airlines! down in Istanbul, rather if deemed necessary in Receiving the title of the the airplane was rushed in the negotiations with the It was announced that longest ranged plane in the middle of the night. All investors. Turkish Airlines would be THY’s fleet, the A350 these peculiar events went receiving the first two XWB features a new After the launch of down in THY’s aircraft A350s on October 21st aerodynamic design, operations upon receiving delivery history as one and right in the midst of carbon fiber fuselage the first 2 A350s, Chief of the most atypical and a diplomatic conundrum. and wings as well as new Financial Officer at mysterious deliveries on But the delivery of the generation fuel-efficient Turkish Airlines, Murat record. first A350-900 was Rolls-Royce Trent XWB Şeker declared that they accomplished after a Business Class engines. Enabling reached an agreement 24-hour delay. The TC- Seats remain matchless efficiency with with Airbus for postponing LGA registered aircraft unchanged a reduction by 25% in fuel the delivery of new aircraft. took off from Toulouse on consumption and emission, According to the new October 22nd, at 22:35 p.m. Turkish Airlines’ A350- the cabin of the A350 is schedule planned based local time and it landed 900 aircraft feature the quietest one in the on THY’s operational and at Istanbul Airport on a two-classed cabin twin-aisle aircraft class. financial capacities and October 23rd at 02:35 a.m. configuration with a total And when combined with the conditions stipulated local time. of 329 seats composed products for the modern by the agreement, THY’s of 32 Business and 297 aircraft, this offers the need of US$ 5.2 billion in The public speculated Comfort Economy seats. most comfortable flight financing was delayed about the unanticipated Moreover, the plane was experience for passengers until after 2024. The delivery delay, especially the equipped with the latest and the crew. With the 2 schedule of the aircraft was recent 24-hour delay in generation in-flight new A350s received, the extended to 2028 with the the delivery of the A350s, entertainment system number of Airbus in THY’s agreement. There is an yet no statements on offering HD screens and fleet reached 176. order of 69 A321neos and 23 the issue were made Wi-Fi connection to A350-900s waiting for THY by the management of present a more pleasant Turkish Airlines to be received from Airbus. either Airbus or THY. The passenger experience reaches an number of question marks It is said that the signing of during long-distance agreement increased as no special a similar agreement by THY flights. Passengers were ceremony was conducted with Airbus and Boeing for postponing not entirely pleased about for the latest generation for postponing the deliveries was quite the business class seats passenger aircraft deliveries possible. THY has not yet used by Turkish Airlines included in THY’s fleet and received the delivery of the in the 787 Dreamliner. Turkish Airlines declared a no news appeared in the 63 737 MAXs and the 11 787- Therefore, it was expected total loss of TRY 5.2 billion conventional press, except 9 Dreamliners from Boeing. that Turkish Airlines would in the first 9-month period for some in social media

52 From an Idea to a Product: Airbus A350 Let’s take a look at the This suggestion was not September 30, 2014 by airplane with the capacity critical milestones in the quite approved by the allocating €4 billion, after of 250-300 passengers transformation of A350 potential customers of receiving the EASA Type was designed in the XWBs, included in the Airbus. The Farnborough Certificate. fuselage of the A330. The Turkish Airlines fleet, and Airshow in 2004 was not wings and engines were The new design particularly how it progressed from an efficient for Airbus from going to be redesigned, with a similar fuselage of idea into a product. this perspective and it but instead of the carbon the A330 featured new became obvious that if fiber based composite When the American wings and horizontal tails they wanted to meet the material used in the manufacturer Boeing in addition to a higher demands of airlines, they Boeing 787, the design announced the level of the utilization of would need to design a would be based on the development of the composite materials, and new airplane from scratch. conventional Aluminum- 787 Dreamliner model, the methodology of its Lithium alloy. Airbus did not it respond The then CEO of Airbus, production had changed. immediately. Then, when Noel Forgeard publicly Hence, we faced a brand- Two versions of Airbus the specific features such declared the launch of a new airplane design. A350 were planned to be as the new generation new project for the first built: On December 10, 2004, systems of the 787s and time on September 16, the airplane was named - A350-800, in 3-class the utilization of a high 2004 yet did not give any configuration with 253 A350 and on June 16, passengers and a range rate of composite material details on the activities 2005 it was announced of 16,300 km, compared to existing carried out. It was not clear that a contract on the - A350-900 in 3-class airplanes were revealed, whether the development configuration with 300 order for 60 Airbus A350 passengers and with a the idea of modernizing activities conducted were XWBs was signed between range of 13,900 km. the A330 emerged for for a derived design or a Qatar Airways and Airbus Airbus. This aircraft that brand-new design. As In this way, the new at the 2005 Paris Airshow. could be named as A330 negative feedback from airplane of Airbus would 200 Lite might be a rival customers continued, A development budget of be able to compete both of Boeing’s 787 model with Airbus launched the €3.5 billion was allocated with Boeing’s 777 and 787-9. new generation wings and official start of the for the project on October In July 2006, Airbus once engines. new A350 project on 6, 2005. A twin-engine more announced at the

53 ©©Airbus

Farnborough Airshow that was postponed albeit the be delayed to the end of of six people, each with it had designed an airplane date of the initial delivery 2013 from mid-2013. a parachute system, from scratch and that it remained the same. The wearing orange overalls. On December 29, 2011, the would name it the A350 postponement would be During most of the tests, first fuselage part of the XWB (Extra Wide Body). covered by decreasing the focus was on the wings airplane was shipped to 20 + 20 orders were placed the test program of the and landing gears. the final assembly line. by Singapore Airlines at aircraft from 15 months The date of the first flight the fair. The respect for to 12 months. On April 5, 2012, the was scheduled for just and approval of the A350 construction and At a private meeting in before the Paris Airshow were increasing. assembly of the first static September 2007, where that would start a few A350 model began. The delays in the A380 nearly 100 existing and days later. Meanwhile the program in December potential A350 customers The A350 met the skies number of total orders 2006 affected the A350’s gathered, developments for the first time on June placed for the A350 destiny a bit negatively. on the design of the new 14, 2013. Thousands reached 616 with 50 Airbus was suffering a aircraft were presented. of viewers and Airbus orders placed by Singapore financial bottleneck. It employees witnessed Airlines. On November 12, 2010, declared a postponement the A350 XWB’s maiden Airbus announced that On June 21, 2013, an in the delivery of the first flight at Toulouse-Blagnac due to the problems that airplane was spotted in the A350. Airport. The 4-hour occurred in the passage to skies of the Paris Airshow flight over the Pyrenees On December 4, 2006, the production stage from around 13:30 towards the Mountains was performed certain new details of the the design stage, the date end of the third test flight. by an Airbus test team design were announced for the first delivery would The visitors of the fair at publicly. New negotiations the Le Bourget Airport that were being conducted enthusiastically applauded with the owners of the the A350 XWB and the existing orders due to the airplane disappeared increase in cost of the among the clouds, the redesigned A350 XWB’s. A350 XWB had made an appearance at the most The alteration in the design remarkable aviation of the A350 XWB resulted industry event. in an additional two years in the development A 5-hour virtual program. Eventually, the commercial flight was estimated development conducted in Hamburg costs increased from ©©Airbus with the A350 on July €5.5 billion to almost €10 The world’s first-delivered A350-900 aircraft – which was 29, 2013. 129 passengers, billion. Airbus declared received in December 2014 by Qatar Airways – takes off on 2 pilots and 8 cabin its delivery flight from Toulouse, France to Doha, Qatar that the maiden flight attendants tested

54 ARTICLE

boarding, evacuation and regular in-flight activities as part of the flight factor tests.

On 22 December 2014, the first of the A350 XWBs was delivered to launching customer, Qatar Airways. The first commercial flight of the Airbus A350 XWB was conducted from Doha to Frankfurt, on January 15, 2015.

A350 in 2 models ©©Airbus There are two models of the Airbus A350 XWB, nearly 74 meters and has were delivered to the placed for A350-900s; namely the A350-900 and the same 64.75 meter customers. 762 of these 18 of its orders placed for A350-1000. wing-span with the 900 orders were placed for the A350-1000s joined the model. Maximum take-off A350-900 model; 168 of fleet. The A350-900’s range is weight of the airplane is them were for the A350- 15,000 km; this airplane The biggest client of the 316 tons and its maximum 1000 model. Delivery of capable of carrying 300 A350-900s is Singapore fuel capacity is 159 341 A350-900 models to 350 passengers in the Airlines. So far, the thousand liters. and 50 A350-1000s were 3-class cabin layout is company has received 52 accomplished. able to fly maximum 440 How many out of the 67 A350-900s passengers. Its length is orders has the When examined, it ordered. regardless the models 66.8 meters and wingspan A350 Received? The biggest client of Qatar Airways is the is 64.75 meters. Maximum the A350-1000 model According to the figures biggest A350 customer. take-off weight of the is Qatar Airways with as of October 2020, the The airlines placed an plane is 280 tons. Its an order for 42 planes. A350 model received a order of 34 for A350-900s maximum fuel capacity 18 of the aircraft were total of 930 orders from 50 and 42 for A350-1000s. is 141 thousand liters. received and are actively different customers. Out The Doha based company Moreover, upon Singapore conducting flights Airlines’ request, an of this figure, 391 airplanes received all the orders ultra-long version of the A350 (A350ULR - Ultra Long Range) was built. The number of seats was reduced as the fuel capacity and range of the airplane were increased.

The A350-1000’s range, on the other hand, is 16,100 km, capable of carrying 350 to 410 passengers in a 3-class cabin layout. The A350-1000 is capable of flying a maximum of 440 passengers. Its length is

55 Understanding the IMSAFE Checklist and the Dirty Dozen List - Awareness is Critical

temporary inconsistencies walk-around checklist, the Fatigue: Being tired and/ between the airspeed engine start-up checklist, or not adequately rested. measurements, -likely the before take-off and Emotion: Being emotionally upset about because of the aircraft's after take-off checklist, anything. pitot tubes being and many more. The obstructed by ice crystals checklist for emergency Illness Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamer Saraçyakupoğlu - caused the autopilot to procedures is generally Pilots should have a valid Mechanical Engineer disconnect, after which carried on the knee-boards medical certificate for the crew reacted incorrectly and/or easy-reachable piloting operations. Besides, On 1st June 2009. Marc and ultimately caused areas. Other than FAR 61.53 indicates that "If Dubois, the captain of the aircraft to enter an machines and components a pilot has or develops a Air France Flight 447 was aerodynamic stall, from there are checklists known medical condition recorded on the Cockpit which it did not recover. for humans also. These that would prevent him Voice Recorder (CVR) as Now it is known that the checklists are regulated from obtaining a medical saying “I didn’t sleep enough AF Flight 447 could have for cockpit and cabin crew, certificate, he is prohibited last night. One hour. It’s not been recovered from human for maintenance experts, from flying as a required enough right now”. factor discipline. for dispatchers fitness, crewmember". There is and readiness for aerial AF Flight 447 was a An aircraft accident is another regulation item activities. In an “acrostic” scheduled international almost always the result in FAR, it is FAR 91.3 way, the checklist for passenger flight from Rio of a chain of events rather which also underlines the human resources in the de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, than a single event. For illness issues stating that aviation industry is called France. The Airbus A330 minimizing the accident/ "The pilot in command is I'M SAFE. It was initially serving the flight stalled incident probability, it is directly responsible for the released by the FAA and and couldn’t be recovered possible to declare that operation of the flight. The rapidly adopted by airliners. by pilots, eventually aviation is an industry of pilot alone is responsible for crashing into the Atlantic checklists. It is possible to IMSAFE stands for: ensuring his own health is Ocean at 02:14 UTC. In total, up to par before taking the find a checklist for almost Illness: The current or 228 people (216 passengers every single system on recent illnesses that controls”. and 12 crew onboard) lost could affect flight. an airplane especially Conclusionally a pilot in a their lives in the AF Flight Medication: Any for flight operations and medications are taken situation represented in 447 accident. Devastatingly, maintenance activities. The that could impair the Figure 1 should take his own there were no survivors. pilot’s ability to fly. checklists are periodically responsibility for informing reviewed and changed Stress: Unusual In accordance with the psychological pressure the airliner company and crash investigation report; as necessary. For flight and/or anxiety. seek a doctor consultancy the aircraft crashed after operations, there are Alcohol: Any alcohol in as soon as possible. checklists such as the the last eight hours.

56 RISK MANAGEMENT

Medication Alcohol

It is known that almost Alcohol dulls the senses. every medication has some At high altitudes, it is more side effects. In this manner, effective than at sea level. many prescriptions can Another adverse impact be dangerous for a pilot in of alcohol is dehydrating terms of adverse effects the body, as concluded for flying. An Aviation in a study regarding Medical Examiner (AME) is “alcohol and altitude an expert who can advise relation” conducted by on pilots on physical and American psychologist R. psychological effects. In A. McFarland in the 1930s. the FAA's safety briefing This study and many more brochure named "Flight investigations underline After Use of Medications that alcohol does have A Pilot in Need of Medical Assistance with Sedating Effects," it is a more powerful effect clearly defined that pilots on the body at higher • Within 8 hours after as developing a flight should wait until at least elevations. These studies the consumption of any plan, a good preflight alcoholic beverage, five dosage periods have concluded that 2 or 3 inspection, obeying ATC passed. In other words, if drinks taken at a high • While under the procedures, and avoiding the prescription says to altitude are equivalent influence of alcohol, severe weather. Ideally, take medication every 4 to to 4 or 5 drinks taken at • While using any drug total avoidance of alcohol 6 hours, pilots should wait sea level. There’s a positive that affects the person's should be a key element until at least 30 hours (5 correlation between faculties in any way observed by every pilot in contrary to safety.” X 6 Hours) after the last alcohol and altitude. planning or accomplishing dose before piloting the The FAA also recommends a flight. Although there’s a FAR 91.17 clearly forbids aircraft (FAA, 2013) As is 24 hours of pause after rule called “8 hours from consuming alcohol. It shown in Figure 2, a pilot consuming alcohol and bottle to throttle” many states that; “No person should declare themselves before sitting behind airlines have a more may act or attempt to act "unable to work" if she/he the yoke/stick. Alcohol stringent 12 hour time as a crewmember of a civil feels any adverse effects avoidance is as critical limit. aircraft; of medication. Stress

For most of us, stress is a regular part of our daily life. It is claimed by some experts that a little stress might be beneficial for keeping us on our toes. But if it is higher than the average line, then it could adversely affect job performance, especially commercial airliner pilots. Stress is cumulative and it could be either acute (Short-Term) or chronic (Long-Term) like human fatigue (Göker, 2018) “Unable to Work” Status for a Pilot due to Adverse Effects of Medication

57 RISK MANAGEMENT

Fatigue • Health-related The chronic form of fatigue built on the basis of the tiredness, is more insidious and physiological features of Undoubtedly piloting • Task-induced subjective. Factors causing the subject (Brain waves, influences tasks require higher-order fatigue are lack of sleep, Eye gaze, Facial feature intellectual processing and These adverse effects crew scheduling, a long recognition) or their further-focusing abilities. may include significant duty period, Jet or shift lag, physical manifestations On the other hand, fatigue degradation in; high workload, and lacking (Muscle tone, Wrist is a crucial and cumulative • Decision-making skills, physical or mental fitness. inactivity, Head orientation). factor for aviation safety • Memory sharpness, There are subjective and Fatigue measurements causing human errors via objective measurements aim to support and • Judgment proficiency, a decrease in the abilities to estimate fatigue maintain alertness and • Reaction time to conduct these tasks. levels. Figure 3 shows the performance during a long • Situational awareness in Factors that cause human aerial operations. causes, symptoms, and or uneventful duty period. fatigue can be provided consequences of fatigue. Fatigue countermeasures Literally, the factors are mainly based on self- as follow; Subjective techniques are provided above could lead reported data and there is a • Sleep deprivation, based on self-report of to accidents. (Bendac etc, need for a "safety" factor for • Circadian rhythm sleep and tiredness whereas 2020) self-reports (Göker, 2018) abnormalities, objective interventions are

58 RISK MANAGEMENT

Emotion Dozen. The ICAO warnings new protocols, and return some digital, and some about COVID-19 risks in to flying after a gap are with more restrictions. Unlike commercial all distractors. Since new It may take time to terms of the Dirty Dozen systems take time to be familiarize and adapt. drivers, who can pull are briefly summarized seamlessly established; • Stress over at a rest stop if below: and the dynamics of the problems may call they feel uncomfortable Financial losses, the for further changes, one • Lack of anxiety of going back to and fatigue is setting in, needs to be mindful, the family after a flight, commercial pilots cannot Communication agile, and focused. anger, lack of control, pull over at a convenient Inadequate/ ineffective frustration, resentment, communication of rest stop such as on the • Lack of Teamwork lack of confidence, the new rules, SOPs from uncertainty of the future nearest cloud. regulator or airline The dynamics of the situation are such that and return to 'normalcy', management or the illness or death of a loved Albeit pilots are generally everyone is still learning operators one, a child who has yet known as calm, stoic, and and coping. Habit interference - to resume schooling or patient but they are also interferes with actions • Fatigue exams, the need to earn, living your passion of human and are affected taken, ie automatically shaking hands, touching Readjusting to time flying during such trying by environmental and controls, etc. zones and flying times and safety of self social conditions. It schedules after such a and others – all add to the stress. should always be kept in • Complacency significant break could be difficult initially. New ways of living at mind that emotions stay Lockdown has changed Obesity, lack of exercise, home, at work, and in deep and surface under the way we live, for alcohol, and relearning weeks to months at a society. stress or pressure. In of tasks can also lead to time. easy physical and mental Wearing PPE suits some safety research, it is Time management and fatigue. while flying, required stated that "pupil-based COVID-19 tests, hotel priorities have shifted • Lack of Resources parameters are sensitive and a refocus could take stays pre- and post- flights and layover, to emotion, and pupil time. Financial trouble may leave companies with restricted activities changes are associated Overconfidence and fewer people to do more during hotel stay under confidence both with motivation, distress, work. Social distancing including food. need to be avoided. and drowsiness”. It is may allow for less Social distancing is personal interactions. noteworthy to say that • Lack of Knowledge the new norm and has Constant screening, caused a distance there is a correlation A lot has changed with protection, and between us and impacts between physiological COVID-19 still around. disinfection measures our happiness. may burden existing features and emotional Airport procedures, passenger screening, resources thus leading to • Lack of Awareness appearances. first aid and CPR some gaps in the system. guidelines, cockpit Guidelines are changing Conclusion disinfection, checklists, often, employers management of may have to change The ICAO and IATA passenger illness on • Pressure protocols as per national and international Fatigue Risk Management board, international Relief flights, flying only rules, etc. – it's a lot requirements and Technical Group have specific routes, fear of lessons learned after of unlearning and new contracting the virus, been studying Extending learning. It takes a while resuming operations. It is restricted movements imperative for everyone Flight and Duty Limits for for the new information during layovers, reduced and procedures to to be aware of the risks COVID-19. number of crew, CRM, and to know what is become a habit. While having a potential carrier fear is not required, expected of them. It is visible that during or COVID-19 patient on- awareness and alertness Covid days many jobs board are all additional • Norms is a must. pressures while flying. have been negatively In the COVID-19 era, • Distractions affected by working • Lack of safety has an enhanced definition. The goal conditions. In that Changes in living Assertiveness patterns in recent weeks, is Flight safety while manner, the ICAO has a sick or unattended Everyone is dealing maintaining personal warned pilots in terms of family member, with a new physical and safety (ICAO, 2020). increased procedures, mental situation. Some the elements of the Dirty procedures are longer,

59 AVIATION HISTORY

Theodore von Karman's Visit to Turkey in 1955 and Its Reflections on by Dr. Emir Öngüner Freelance Researcher in Local Press - Part 2 Aviation History Based on the first part to include it into actual as "the father of modern about airplane disasters published in the previous research activities as soon aeronautics" and his staff throughout the world: edition, we are progressing as possible. arrived in our city after "When Stevenson invented with introducing the his conference with the the locomotive he named The second part of this newspapers reporting of members of the Scientific it rocket and for safety he investigation contains Theodore von Karman's Advisory Committee to made a signal officer run in related Turkish newspaper visit to Turkey in 1955 in National Defense Ministry. front of the engine. Today, articles from the 13th and chronologic order. 1 Prof. von Karman's visit hundreds of years after 14th of January 1955. is interpreted by related its invention, we find a As a guest of the Turkish circles as a very important tremendous development government von Karman Hürriyet, factor in the future of the and improvement in arrived in Ankara on the 13.01.1955 Turkish aircraft industry. locomotives. Airplanes are 9th of January with his The father of modern the same. As soon as our staff, met the officials How to overcome aeronautics is in our city: knowledge about them is and discussed national airplane disasters Prof. von Karman who said complete, the number of defense issues of Turkey. “Planes are approaching "The father of modern airplane disasters will also Later he gave a guest missile speed" will deliver aeronautics" who is decrease". lecture at Istanbul a lecture today at the originally Hungarian and The reason for jet Technical University, where Technical University went to the United States disasters he received an honorary in 1926 and then became Prof. Theodore von doctorate degree, and a U.S. citizen, said the When he was reminded of Karman who is known discussed the progress following when he was frequent jet disasters in in aerospace research the Turkish Air Force and with Turkish scientists. other countries, Prof. von In one of the interviews, Karman added "First of all, he even claimed that the the number of jet disasters Turks used to invent rocket is decreasing as our technology in previous technical and especially centuries. The significant experimental knowledge questions of the reporters is increasing. These were on the disasters disasters are also frequent of jet fighters and the in the United States and scientific collaboration other NATO countries. of NATO countries. He One of the reasons for also visited the new wind these disasters might tunnel facility in Ankara, be material failure. As which was apparently you may know, jet planes under construction at Cumhuriyet, 13.01.1955: In the Future a Tremendous require high temperature Underground Air Base Will Be Constructed in Turkey that time, and insisted asked to give his opinion resistant materials".

1 Cal Tech Archives, von Karman Collections, TVK 156.11, TVK 156.12: Articles Some minor changes are applied into the text by author. The original archive Which Appeared In Turkish Press During Dr. Theodore von Karman's Visit file does not contain the sub-article "The Aerodynamic Facility in Ankara" to Turkey in Cumhuriyet, 13.01.1955. This part is added by the author.

60 AVIATION HISTORY

Concerning missile Prof. Theodore von Karman might be the reflections Karman has avoided making speed who is a worldwide authority of the sun's rays from the any comment regarding in rockets and guided ionosphere, unclaimed radar the construction of this The American scientist has missiles, Chairman of or observation balloons, or underground air base, it is indicated the prominent AGARD and Chairman of the perhaps optical illusions persistently rumored that future of the aircraft Research and Development or fantasies of the wind. he and Ethem Menderes, the industry, the vast progress office of NATO arrived in our But the claimed theories Minister of National Defense, in the technical point of view, city yesterday from Ankara are very incomplete and have discussed this problem and also said that flights at 3:30 p.m. with a staff of unproven. I do not think that in Ankara. beyond sonic speed have five persons. these are secret weapons of created social problems such Prof. von Karman and his the United States or Soviet as the disturbing effects of Prof. von Karman was met by staff will leave for Paris Russia as it was rumored by pressure waves and noise. At General Kazım Demirkan at tomorrow at 10 a.m. in a a French newspaper." present several scientists are Yeşilköy Airfield when some private plane. working on these problems. newspaper men questioned On the other hand, according The wind tunnel facility Today Prof. von Karman will him, he said: "Someday flying to rumors in the Turkish and in Ankara deliver a lecture on rockets saucers and cigars might be American circles, Prof. von at the Technical University a reality". His opinion in this Karman came to Turkey to Prior to his departure to at 5:30 p.m. respect is quite interesting discuss the problem of the Istanbul, Theodore von since he has vast knowledge construction of a very large Karman, the Chairman Cumhuriyet, on this topic. Prof. von underground air base for of the Advisory Group for 13.01.1955 Karman who is the inventor planes carrying hydrogen Aeronautical Research and Development of the United In the In the future a of jet planes indicated that and atomic bombs. This States Air Joint Chiefs of tremendous underground he is interested in everything underground base will Staff and Chairman of the air base will be constructed that flies and said: increase the strategic importance of Turkey in the Aeronautical Research in Turkey "Today flying saucers and NATO chain, since this base and Development of NATO, cigars are considered It is believed that will be very close to Soviet made a visit at 9.30 a.m. as a topic in psychology AmericanAviation Pioneer Dr. Russian industrial centers. to the aerodynamic test and there is no scientific von Karman Has discussed And it will also be out of facility which is currently explanation yet. These this topic in Ankara danger from being destroyed constructed on the plot by the largest bombs. between Gazi Teacher's College and the Faculty As you may recall, it was of Science of Ankara discussed in the recent University, among the NATO meeting that this visitors were Engr. Col. organization will consider Dane, Engr. Col. Fuat Uluğ the use of atom and and engineer Turgut Özkan. hydrogen bombs in case During visit which lasted of aggression from the over 2 hours, Dr. von Karman USSR. Although Prof. von made some inspections and suggested to complete the construction and make the wind tunnel operational as soon as possible. He also explained the necessity of developing this facility into an important research center and introduced his willingness to provide any

Cumhuriyet, 13.01.1955: The Aerodynamic Facility in Ankara kind of support by related authorities.

61 AVIATION HISTORY

Hürriyet, in one of the Istanbul 14.01.1955 morning newspapers that the visit of Prof. Theodore According to Professor von Karman, who is the Th. von Karman Turks guest of the Ministry Invented Rocket Systems of National Defense, is related to the construction Yesterday, during his project of the secret lecture at the Technical underground air bases University in front of for airplanes carrying an audience of 1,500 atom and hydrogen the father of modern bombs. In regard to this aerodynamics and the rumor, when information inventor of jet planes, was requested, Prof. von Professor Theodore von Karman said the following: Karman said that Turks "This is completely untrue used rocket systems in the and unsound news and the 13th century for the first project of this category time in history. is pure imagination and Yeni İstanbul, 14.01.1955: In Ankara New and Important The great scientist Decisions Are Made In Regard to Our Air Defense ridiculous". showed a picture of The content of the an arrow propelled by "The interesting part of will utilize propulsion by lecture of Prof. von the whole situation is means of nuclear power. gun powder which was Karman: taken from an old Turkish the fact that the person Prof. Karman and his staff Weapon's book; on the who built the rocket also Yesterday at 5:30 p.m. will take off by plane for picture there was Arabic tried to fly with it" and Dr. von Karman delivered Rome this morning. script. The propellant he continued "after the a lecture on the subject was located at the tip year of invention, rockets Yeni İstanbul, of "Problems in Rocket of the arrow. Professor were used effectively as 14.01.1955 Combustion" at Istanbul Karman indicated that the a weapon from the year Technical University. Prof. propellant might have been 1865 and on. During the In In Ankara new and von Karman, who indicated used for purposes of both First World War rockets important decisions are that rockets are the oldest propulsion and setting the were used but not very made in regard to our air and the simplest means of target on fire. effectively. They were used defense propulsion, said: as anti-aircraft weapons The Rocket of Hasan Prof. Theodore von "Rockets are the oldest, during the Second World Çelebi contained gun Karman said that the news because they were used as War, as by this time their powder about the construction of early as the 13th century. production cost was low "Underground air bases" They are the simplest From the lecture it is enough. Rockets were is nothing but pure because there is no need deduced that after the 13th used before and during imagination for their propulsion". century the Poles had also the Pacific landings." worked on rockets. During Yesterday Prof. Theodore Dr. von Karman also Concerning Nuclear the years 1620-1630 a von Karman, Chairman of indicated that the Turks Rockets Turk named Hasan Çelebi the Advisory Committee used arrows propelled made a rocket using black Prof. Karman also for Research and by the same principle gun powder. The rocket of indicated that today's Development to the United during those days and Hasan Çelebi contained rockets are propelled States Air Forces Joint he highlighted his point about 70 kg of black gun by either liquid or solid Chiefs of Staff, delivered by the pictures in an old powder. With regards to propellants; however, in a lecture at the Technical Turkish book written in the rocket of Hasan Çelebi, the years to come it is University. On the other Arabic. The Professor also Prof. Karman said: imaginable that rockets hand there was a rumor said that during the reign

62 AVIATION HISTORY

of Emperor Murat IV, Hasan Çelebi actually built rockets.

After the lecture Prof. von Karman said to one of our friends the following: "I have come from Paris as a guest of your government. I have come in contact with officials in Ankara. There were very important decisions made with regard to defense problems. The success of joint military and scientific work will depend on the outcome of these decisions. From now on I think there will be frequent occasions for me to visit your country. I like very much your language and food. I am going back to Paris tomorrow". Prof. von Karman went to Milliyet 14.01.1955 the United States in 1930 and became the Director of The inventors of rockets are 13th century Turks the Guggenheim Laboratory The chairman of the NATO AGARD, of seven turbines. It is believed that at the California Institute of Theodore Von Karman, claims that they were invented by a Turk named Technology. For 19 years he the arrow used by the Turks is the Hasan Çelebi, and he even made worked on very important most primitive form of jet planes. demonstrations by riding these research there. He is rockets from time to time." especially famous for his work Speaking at a conference held at on supersonic speed. In 1951 the Technical University yesterday, Inventor of rockets he was appointed to his post the chairman of the NATO Advisory Professor Karman subsequently in NATO and settled in Paris. Group for Aerospace Research and gave scientific explanation about Development Prof. Dr. Theodore Von After his lecture the Professor jet planes by mentioning the Karman, who was in our country as received an honorary degree development of rockets until today. a guest of the Ministry of National "Doctor Honoris Causa" Defense, explained the history of The conference was followed with during a ceremony in his rockets and said the following: "A honor at the university. Prof. great interest by the Governor, the von Karman, whose scientific kind of arrow, which was among commander of the 1st Army, generals, and technical contributions the weapons of the Turkish Army in admirals, high-ranking officers, are well known the world the 13th century and used to start professors, and a large group of over, indicated his gratitude fires, can be considered as the most students. and promised his personal primitive form of today's jet aircraft. Professor Theodor von Karman also help to the students who According to the literature we have, met with Governor Gökay yesterday are seriously interested in rockets were developed and used morning to discuss the positive studying in the United States. later during the reign of Murad IV. scientific progress and psychological After the ceremony, a cocktail These rockets were powered by 70 research in Turkey. party was held and Prof. von kilograms of gunpowder and consist Karman met various faculty members

63 Better Late than Never: Identifying the Language Learning Needs of Pilots by Gökhan Demirdöken, Researcher & English Language Instructor The COVID-19 pandemic by 46% compared to 2019. pilots’ needs has surfaced has had a devastating In light of the existing as a life saver for the few months. Norwegian impact on many industries. impact of COVID-19, it aviation industry. is known to have laid of Yet, the aviation industry can be argued that, in The instrumentation of 1,570 pilots; Delta Air has suffered considerably the long run, we are still comprehensive needs Lines has furloughed more than any other far away from beginning analysis studies for 1,941 pilots recently and industry due to travel to see daylight even a faster recovery and Finnair with around 1,000 restrictions both on after all of this suffering. orientation is of utmost furloughs; and recently the local and global Amid such fuzziness, importance for both Etihad dismissed 400 scale. As the pandemic pessimistic expectations, currently employed but pilots. However, the spread around the world, and recovery concerns, the not working pilots and aviation industry will the decrease in flight IATA, airline companies, for those who were laid eventually need these operations hit an all- and pilots’ associations off due to the COVID-19 pilots. Therefore, airline time record with around around the world still seek pandemic. The latest companies cannot just 80% of flights cancelled. answers for the issue of figures show that the assign homework or the Although, the industry sustainable refresher number of flights after pilots cannot be simply seems to have warmed training programs. In the outbreak of COVID-19 asked to work and practice up to a small extent with fact, the real problem has reduced to 23.1 million, at home. some economic relief is not when and how to which was around 40 packages delivered by a recover from the impacts Being a pilot requires million flights in 2019. number of governments of COVID-19 pandemic; both personal investment What’s more the number of and the increase in rather it appears now to be such as time, effort, and active working pilots was the demand on cargo how to ensure the safest motivation, and financial around 315,00 whereas operations, the IATA still flight operations as soon investment. However, the it now has significantly foresees that global airline as possible. In that case, ultimate attainment of reduced over the last revenue in 2021 will decline a thorough assessment of getting your pilot’s license

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is just the beginning of ©©Svitlana Hulko your journey. Similar to the take-off and touch-down of the aircraft under your control, you encounter several ups and downs in your career as a pilot. No matter what you fly, a single-prop TBM 900 or the latest generation Boeing 787s and Airbus 350s, the foremost prerequisite you need to meet is, for sure, the flight time and type rating. That’s what matters for a pilot. Therefore, learning how to fly resembles learning a second language in a number of around checks, pre-flight faster recovery of the refer to what they feel as ways. First, the extent to checklists, emergency airline industry. So, what necessary for the same which second language response plans, etc. has been done so far? And, purpose, and lacks refer learners are exposed to Finally, second language what can be done in the to the gap between what meaningful input in the learning and learning how near future? they already know and target language affects to fly are similar in terms what they must know in To come up with the degree of proficiency. of aptitude to perform the end. meaningful answers to Also, if you keep close the desired actions in these questions, it is a Having established the relations to the target the target situation. A must to define what is foundation of pilots’ language-speaking pilot is expected to have meant by the word “need”. needs, now is the time to communities, you are advanced motor and Oxford dictionary defines move on with latest local more likely to develop cognitive skills, and the it as a situation when and global developments better in that language aptitude to control a plane; something is necessary or in terms of need analysis when compared to those second language learners, must be done. On the other assessment. To begin who prefer to keep their also, are expected to have hand, from a scientific with the local scale, it distance from the target the aptitude to apply perspective, it refers to the has been proposed that community. Similarly, various learning styles to requirements of the target listening comprehension the more you fly, the be a more proficient user situation. To be more clear, and speaking are the most more learn. In this sense, of the target language. In it can be further divided significant areas in which depriving pilots of their a nutshell, it would be a into three: lacks, wants, pilots need to develop foremost need to fly and great mistake to expect and necessities (see, themselves. In this sense, practice may result in the people to develop these Hutchinson & Waters, Turkish Airlines offers an decrease of flying skill. two namely different 1987, English for Specific Introduction to Aviation Another similarity is that yet conceptually similar Purposes: A Learning English course to pilots. both skills require some skills on their own. Centered Approach). Although, this seems sort of drills. This may Therefore, the burden is In the case of aviation, to be a hybrid course include grammar drills for on the shoulders of policy while necessities refer to including both e-learning second language learners makers, civil aviation what pilots must know and classroom instruction, to have better control authorities, and airline to be able to practice it is limited in its scope. of linguistic features; companies to come up their profession in the The overall course whereas the drills for a with sustainable refresher target situation, wants outline includes aviation pilot may include walk- training programs for a

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alphabet and numbers, parts of an aircraft and cockpit, how does an aircraft fly, concept of speed, pre-flight briefing and monitoring a sterile cockpit, walk around, and finally radiotelephony. Moreover, such a course is offered by Turkish Airlines Aviation Academy, thus the share of Aviation English in refresher training programs, if any, is not within our knowledge yet. Similarly, Pegasus Airlines, one of the most frequent-flying low-cost carriers in Turkey, offers Pilot Training programs for prospective pilots. fatal consequences of On the other hand, the The implementation However, there is no sign of lack of English language analysis of pilots’ needs for of alleviations to the Aviation English courses proficiency on aviation a safe and speedy recovery Standards of ICAO in their curricula; rather have been witnessed of the industry will find its Annexes was one of the language proficiency is a many times in history. way on a global scale, if initial interim measures must-have prerequisite As a matter of fact, the it’s not on the local scale established to support to apply for this program, official report on the yet. In one of such recent continued operations which contradicts with latest incident of Pegasus attempts, a joint webinar during COVID-19. the fact that language Airlines in 2020 was by the IATA, ICAO, and This means several learning does not partially due to linguistic IFALPA was held focusing exemptions for pilots happen at once; rather it restrictions of those on managing pilot training including licenses, medical happens in a continuum. involved in radiotelephony and licensing during the certificates, recency, For these reasons, it communication. That’s COVID-19 pandemic. The recurrent training, and can be concluded that why, it should always be objectives of the webinar language proficiency. the present state of borne in mind that any were to present what had For the time being, such Aviation English learning comeback in the aviation been done to maintain exemptions will be in opportunities is limited. industry in terms of the operations in terms of pilot force until March 31, 2021. Even worse, there exists number of passenger flight training and licensing, and When analyzed from the no future plan to be operations will definitely to discuss the challenges perspective of pilots, implemented by local require pilots with and possible solutions for these exemptions seem to authorities or airline effective communication a recovery. Although, the be a real relief. However, companies towards skills in English; thus, latter is not the interest of providing pilots with such meeting the needs of making Aviation English this article, the first issue exemptions has some pilots in Turkey. a part of refresher training offers great insights into significant drawbacks. Disregarding such needs programs must be the top the issue of a possible First, the joint webinar may pose a big threat priority of civil aviation decrease in English suggested pilots refresh on the safety of flight authorities and airline communication and their knowledge through operations in Turkey once companies for safer flight flying skills of pilots during books and online courses. the so-called new normal operations during the new worldwide lockdowns Yet, as mentioned earlier, is on. Needless to say, the normal. due to the COVID-19 piloting an aircraft safely pandemic. cannot be limited only

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to having good ‘control’ or knowledge from the pilots’ handbook of aeronautical knowledge, aircraft flight manuals (AFMs), instrument flying handbooks, and aeronautical information manuals; rather, such theoretical refreshments need to be backed up with hands-on training. Although, the implemented exemptions provided relief for pilots on a great number of issues, no step has been taken yet towards providing pilots with practical solutions on one of the most important whereas the class rating sustainable solutions have definitely been issues in the event of the cannot be revalidated for such issues by taking quite challenging for return to normal flight in a simulator. Similarly, the needs of pilots into the flag carrier of South operations: fitness to fly. upon the expiration of consideration. Korea. What’s more, when IR, pilots are required to coupled and backed up Another drawback of the Apart from pilots’ needs renew it in an aircraft. with scientific research, proposed exemptions for during the COVID-19 Such requirements have it turned out to be the pilots was the extension pandemic, their ongoing two consequences for perfect match for their of the validity of pilot needs in terms of pilots. First, even if the pilots’ needs. The initial licenses until March 31, training should also be exemptions for pilot analysis of pilots’ needs 2021. This means that taken into consideration licensing is further in Korea had yielded the pilots would be away from carefully for safer flight extended, pilots will still following implications: the flight-deck for some operations. A number need to practice until the The considerably more more time in the near of attempts have been due date for the renewal experienced pilots were future. As we are about to made to analyze what and revalidation. However, not in need of English welcome 2021 and there pilots require in the target the burden of funding for language training. On is no reason to set forth situation to best practice training both on EASA the other hand, language any time for a return to their profession. For approved flight simulators proficiency requirements normal flight operations, instance, in Korea, where and in an aircraft will still of the ICAO were this exemption can be the aviation industry be on the shoulders of challenging in terms of even further extended. showed a steady increase pilots. Second, the nature fluency, comprehension, However, the renewal and within the last couple of of simulating real-life and vocabulary. Also, revalidation of Instrument years and the number of flying scenarios in a Korean pilots preferred Rating (IR) can be a great pilots was around 2,500 simulator requires being native English-speaking challenge for pilots as of December 2019, physically present in the teachers in their classes due to having become approximately 27 million simulation centers. This, (see Shin & Kim, 2005 distanced from the flight- people traveled by plane however, poses health for more detail). These deck. The revalidation and preferred Korean Air. risks for pilots, which may findings have quite process of IR would be However, ensuring the even have more tragic significant implications normally completed safety of its passengers consequences. Hence, for the aviation industry in a Flight Navigation without effective pilot aviation authorities for various reasons. Procedures Trainers training programs would need to come up with (FNTP) II simulator;

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First of all, working in ©©Dmytro Zinkevych the aviation industry, which probably benefited more from the effects of globalization than any other industry, requires having good communication skills in English as lingua franca. This becomes even more important for pilots during flight operations. However, their ongoing need to learn and practice English language have turned out to be a source of business around the world. On the one hand, cadet pilots try to do their best in Aviation English courses but their in a complete tragedy. last few years significantly, are sociocultural matters attempts usually result That’s why pilots’ needs in there exist two drawbacks in Turkey. Although Turkey in either a total failure to terms of English language to be worked up. First is an ethnically diverse learn English or attainment proficiency are usually and most importantly, country, the nationalist of proficiency in English the same for all aviators these institutions lack point of view towards only to a limited extent. who learn English as their qualified teachers to offer English is still existent in On the other hand, the second language. In an Aviation English courses. many regions of Turkey. already employed pilots attempt to assess the Another reason is that the That results in no reason are not offered any kind of needs of cadet pilots in curricula of these pilotage for the development training to practice English Turkey, similar conclusions programs unfortunately of intrinsic or extrinsic in cases like lay-offs. Once have been made. Listening lack compulsory Aviation motivation for second they return to work, they comprehension was one of English courses. In fact, the language learners in are likely to encounter the two most challenging latter is closely related to Turkey. Furthermore, linguistic challenges. If such areas for Turkish cadet the first issue. However, they do not look for needs are not taken into pilots. This can be there is no effort so far to opportunities to develop consideration seriously, associated with the fact implement teacher training close relations with both the prospective pilots that they are not exposed programs for Aviation limited number of English- and those who have been to authentic listening English courses. Therefore, speaking communities in laid-off recently will end materials until they take listening comprehension, the Turkey. Consequently, up in complete failure to Aviation English courses. the first area in which only those who manage to perform effectively in the Even if they take such cadet pilots in Turkey need find a way to learn English target situation. courses, it is still quite to develop themselves, is at an early age thanks to challenging for them to and will be the bleeding their determined English Second, no matter how develop listening skills as wound of aviation in teachers or the parental experienced you are as a the institutions do not Turkey. support can get the pilot, your flying skill will not allocate enough time for opportunity to attain help you in all cases. The Following the first area of it in their curricula. The higher degrees of English best yet the most tragic need, speaking appears conditions are even worse language competency. On example to such a scenario to be the second most in tertiary level Aviation the other hand, the others was the Tenerife Disaster, in important need. The programs. Although the who never attempted to which a misunderstanding underlying reasons for number of academic learn or who started to between pilots and air speaking in English being a programs has burst in the learn English later in their traffic controller resulted challenge for cadet pilots

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life after deciding to be of English. That’s why such a global phenomenon learners of English and a pilot fail to attain a providing sustainable in terms of managing the other languages to both high degree of speaking solutions on a local scale human resources and learn and practice the skill because it becomes for the growth of the there seemed to be no target language with their significantly more difficult aviation industry, national emergency action plan. counterparts. Similarly, for the second group authorities including the This resulted in temporary there exists several to process information Ministry of Education and lay-offs and permanent software to assist learners after a certain age. the Ministry of Transport termination of contracts of Aviation English online. To put it in a nutshell, and Infrastructure should in the aviation industry. However, the integration although General English cooperate and handle On the other hand, there of such tools and software and Aviation English are such needs of pilots with hopefully exists a brighter into training programs quite different subjects in care. future with the increased to be offered by airline essence, learning English safety measures and the companies should be At the end of the day, the as a second language proliferation of COVID-19 completed before it last questions to seek and learning Aviation vaccines. In this sense, it is too late. To do so, a answers to here are, what English in Turkey are is important to develop a comprehensive needs can be done to meet the strongly correlated in sustainable action plan analysis questionnaire needs of pilots on a global that it becomes easier for a return to normal should be conducted with scale? As is proposed in for proficient users of flight operations. This as many pilots as possible the theory of the big bang, English to learn Aviation must include refresher and their felt needs should everything just started English more easily and training programs as be identified. This would with a big bang. Similarly, smoothly whereas it is well as language courses contribute significantly the ever-popular issue of difficult to claim that for pilots. With the to safer flight operations the COVID-19 pandemic learning Aviation English latest developments in during the new normal. As all started with a kind of is a similar experience technology, there is a always, better late than big bang in Wuhan, China for those who did not number of Web 2.0 tools never in 2019. However, nobody have any prior knowledge and online platforms for was well-prepared for

69 Berlin Brandenburg Airport ‘Ready for Take-off’ After a 9-Year Delay by Muhammed Yılmaz How was the and other infrastructures. 2013, June 2017 and finally Brandenburg So, in the beginning October 2020. Constructed in Berlin, everything was quite Airport Project In the announcement the capital of Germany, different compared to stating that the opening Brandenburg Airport decided? today. date was updated as opened its doors on There were 3 airports The airport construction October 2020, it was October 31, 2020, nine in Berlin, the capital of has become an also reported that an years after its first Germany, which was unfortunate dent in additional budget of €1 planned opening date. reunited with the fall of Germany’s renowned billion was required for the Airbus A320neo, owned the Berlin wall on June 13, engineering excellence project completion. The by easyJet, was the first 1990. Two of the airports, and diligence. The total cost of the project, aircraft that landed at Tegel and Tempelhof, are wonderful unique airport which started in 2006 with the airport. Normally, located in the former project to be built in the an initial budget of €2.83 two A320neos owned by West Germany, and the capital turned out being billion, exceeded €7 billion. Lufthansa and easyJet other, Schönefeld, in the a long-winded story, Lufthansa Board Member were scheduled to southeast of former East and this project, closely Thorsten Dirks hit the perform parallel landing Germany. followed all around the right note summarizing simultaneously. However, In 1992, it was decided world, has become a the German mood of this was not possible that to have a single source of embarrassment that day: "This airport will due to negative weather airport in the city in order for the Germans. probably never open!" conditions. The planes had to better manage the air to land one after another The opening of During such traffic. The new airport on the same runway. the Airport was postponements made one would be built and opened, after another, the idea of This meteorological postponed 6 and the others would be making Brandenburg the misfortune was regarded closed. times single airport of Berlin was as normal, pale beside what After nearly 15 years of The opening date for abandoned. Because the has happened since the planning, the construction Brandenburg Airport traffic, increased by fast- outset of the Brandenburg work of the new airport was first announced as growing carriers such as Airport project. Let's began in 2006 on the October 2011. However, the city's biggest player, take a closer look at the land alongside Schönefeld due to numerous easyJet, had grown faster Brandenburg Airport Airport, with the idea of setbacks, the opening than expected, especially project, which has become cost saving by making use date was updated as June in the last few years, in a dent in Germany's global of the existing runways 2012, March 2013, October double digits. Tegel and reputation for efficiency.

70 ©©Annika Bauer/BER

©© Markus Mainka ©©Oliver Lang/BER

Schönefeld, two airports annual passenger capacity shares of each of Berlin The construction planning in Berlin, served a total of to over 50 million with the and Brandenburg states in company declared 33.3 million passengers commissioning of two the project were 37% and bankruptcy in 2010. in 2017. Brandenburg's satellite terminals within a the share of the federal The opening ceremony annual passenger capacity 3-stage plan. This means government was 26%. scheduled on June 3, 2012 was initially projected the construction will most Problems such as planning and which Angela Merkel around 34 million. While probably continue at the failures, changes in design, and 10,000 guests were we were wondering how airport for the next 10-15 and poor subcontracting supposed to attend was Brandenburg would respond years. and shoddy workmanship canceled just 3 weeks to this growth rate, with slowed down the progress. before the inauguration the decision to make Reason for being The failed privatization due to the failure in fire Schönefeld Airport the almost a decade initiative, claims for alarm systems and smoke additional terminal building late damages of neighboring detectors. Then it was of Brandenburg, the annual houses, shops, restaurants understood that this was The airport project was passenger capacity of the and even the unused train just the tip of the iceberg, in quite a mess due to new airport was raised to station regarding the noise because after that date, it the involvement of two over 40 million. pollution contributed to was discovered that many separate states, Berlin budget exceeding of the other huge technical Following the opening, it and Brandenburg, and the initial budget of € 2.8 billion. mistakes were also made. is planned to increase the federal government. The

©©Günter Wicker / Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg

A Bird’s eye view of BER from 2013

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that turned the project into a mess.

Berlin's mayor Klaus Wowereit, famously called the city "poor but sexy", was forced to resign also because of the airport project fiasco.

Construction companies, taxi companies and many of the owners of the shops that would be located at the airport went bankrupt due to delays. German newspaper Bild claimed that such developments

©©BER cost German taxpayers €25 million per month. According to Deutsche On top of all these but such allegation has not This medium-sized mega Welle (DW), 90 km of failures, new allegations been proved so far. Also, project was regarded as electrical cables were of corruption involving one of the former directors the “money pit” by the incorrectly installed, the activities of Siemens, of the airport project was Germans. and 4,000 doors were Bosch and Deutsche jailed for taking huge Following the incorrectly numbered. The Telekom in the airport fell bribe of €150,000 from escalators were too short like a bombshell and an the Imtech fire protection inauguration and the emergency line to investigation was launched. system company. Climate activists sought the fire department was The German media The assignment of to disrupt the opening of erroneously constructed. portrayed the issue as the politicians with limited Brandenburg airport, the It was even alleged lack of ethical and moral project management construction of which took that the roof of the values and accountability. experience for managing 14 years. Thousands of airport was twice the One of DW's claims was the supervisory board, the activists inside and outside authorized weight. In that the chief of the airport government’s guarantee the terminal, many dressed 2013, the European Union project was an imposter, for taking steps to cover up as penguins, protested launched an investigation not actually an engineer. the extra costs and reduce the opening of the airport for the airport's It was also alleged that some of the financial when it finally opened 9 flight routes, whether the whistleblower who had stress in such an important years after the originally Germany breached EU called out the corruption infrastructure project were scheduled inauguration environmental directives. was poisoned at the airport, also amongst the factors date.

©©BER ©©BER

72 The airport welcomed Turkish Airlines at BER Terminal 1 Pegasus Airlines is one of the first airlines to depart from BER from Istanbul_on 2nd November Terminal 5 on 25th October AIRPORT

With the inauguration, there. EasyJet and ©©BER Berlin Schoenefeld Airport Lufthansa made the first was officially renamed landings on October 31st. Brandenburg Terminal The first departure from 5 (T5). Schoenefeld's the new terminal was made IATA code was officially by easyJet, which flew changed from SXF to to London on November BER, in line with the role 1st. Qatar Airways and of the additional terminal Turkish Airlines were the building serving the new first airlines that moved airport. from Tegel Airport to Brandenburg T1. Despite all the criticism, Brandenburg seems A wide variety of services compatible to serve the are available at T1 with vibrant German capital. 120 shops, restaurants and Last Flight from Tegel Airport, Air France Lift off on runway Brandenburg will be able service facilities, spanning to host more than 40 more than 20,000 square was the end of an era in travel demands resulted million passengers per meters. aviation! in Tegel airport seeing year at its three terminals its last passengers off (T1-T2-T5). A total of 17 Tegel Airport With Brandenburg's a few months later than airlines, including Ryanair closed delayed opening of nine expected. years, the small, historic and Wizz Air, will serve Berlin's historic airport, airport in the heart of Tegel, which was closed passengers from the Tegel, closed its doors for Berlin headed for the last to commercial aviation previous Schoenfeld but good on November 8th, roundup. Constructed operations, will be new Brandenburg Terminal following the opening of in only three months to transformed into a new 5. Terminal 5 alone will be the Brandenburg Airport. serve as the main airport research and industrial able to host 8-10 million Air France, the first of the German capital in park called "Berlin TXL", a passengers per year. commercial airline that 1948, Tegel was designed complex that will include Following the inauguration landed in Tegel 60 years to serve only 2.5 million much-needed homes, of Brandenburg, airlines ago, was the airline that passengers a year, but the a vast research and have gradually moved made the final departure airport hosted 24 million industrial campus and from the airport. passengers in 2019. a landscaped park. The Airbus A320-200 airport's iconic terminal The airport was (F-GKXP) of Air France building will be preserved temporarily closed in with flight number AF1235 and transformed into a June for two months departed for Paris Charles new campus for Beuth due to COVID-19 and de Gaulle Airport and it University. the drop in international

©©Günter Wicker /BER 73 Tegel Airport Lights Out Bio-Inspiration in Various Types of UAVs

Göksel Keskin challenging however, the configuration. The flight lift coefficient of the wing. Junior Researcher, Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Lorand issues of shape changing dynamics are analysed However, wings with a large University / Glider Pilot and mass distribution using computational surface are very sensitive The design community is through morphing that is aerodynamics to observe to wind; while, wings with a rapidly adopting biologically used in nature are often the variations in static small surface generate less inspired concepts as a realizable in aircraft using stability and unique modes frictional drag allowing an valuable paradigm to off-the-shelf technology. A that evolve. Finally, moving aerial vehicle to fly faster enhance mission capability. set of UAVs are developed the vertical tail over the and keep a constant The general concept and flown that directly nose is shown to have an forward ground speed in notes that biological incorporate biologically adverse effect on both comparatively stronger systems are often able inspired morphing through static and dynamic stability headwinds. A wing with a to perform manoeuvres articulated wings with but can reduce the turn morphing surface could that cannot be duplicated shoulder and elbow joints radius by 14%. adapt its aerial surface along with twisting. to optimize aerodynamic by engineered systems Morphing wings that One paper introduces performance to specific based on traditional change the shape and a biologically inspired flight situations. Novel designs; consequently, configuration of an concept from pterosaurs wing morphing mechanism the aspects associated aircraft can expand the to enhance mission inspired by the folding with that capability for flight capabilities of a performance; specifically, mechanism of bird feathers biological systems can flying vehicle to fulfill an aircraft is designed that was introduced by a group be incorporated into opposing requirements. This incorporates a variable- of researchers. Similar to engineered systems. capability is particularly placement vertical tail birds, the outermost part Natural systems are used important for small drones, which is similar in nature of the wing is equipped with to inspire engineered also known as micro air to the cranial crest of the artificial feathers that can systems in their modes of vehicles (MAVs), that can pterosaur were actually be folded to actively change locomotion, manoeuvres, navigate in close proximity the first vertebrates the surface of the wing. and control systems. to obstacles. These to achieve flight which This morphing mechanism MAVs should be highly In flight especially, both occurred about 225 000 can not only improve manoeuvrable in order to marine and aerial biological 000 years ago. This design aerodynamic performance rapidly change course with systems inspire vehicle allows the vertical tail to for manoeuvrability and a small turn radius: for a configuration studies. The move back in a traditional wind resistance, but also given weight of the aerial chemical processes used airplane configuration provide roll control with vehicle, a small turn radius in nature, such as energy and move forward in asymmetric folding of the is obtained by maximizing and reproduction, are a pterosaur-inspired two wings. In this study, being studied but remain the wing surface and the

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the mechanical design of the bio-inspired wing was proposed for integration in a small drone, and the aerodynamic design of the wing used a novel bird-like aerofoil.

Computational simulations show the benefits of surface morphing for high-speed flight and manoeuvrability. In agreement with weight, and expected role The possible benets results show promise in the computational of the flight vehicle. This of morphing become the ability of the morphing results, wind tunnel suggests that there exist evident by studying even device to alter the vehicle’s characterization of a no universal morphing basic aerodynamic and aerodynamic performance. foldable wing prototype solution, and that each aeronautical formula. Changes in the geometry shows high lifting approach to morphing Concepts such as of lifting surfaces provide capabilities when fully will depend entirely on the telescoping wings, variable better flight performance deployed and a drag vehicle itself. For instance, chord, and variable aspect in different flight modes. reduction up to 48% a supersonic morphing ratio have a direct bearing However, previous trials when the wing is fully fighter aircraft is likely on the performance of on full-scale aircraft folded. In this example, to be entirely different in the aircraft. Gull-wing showed that it's really the effectiveness of shape and characteristics morphing has an effect worth applying variable asymmetric surface than a high-endurance on the flight dynamics geometry to commercial or morphing is used to UAV platform. Although the of a micro air vehicle, off-the-shelf technology. controll the roll dynamic very concept of morphing and a simple morphing With the development of of a morphing wing is to bridge the gap strategy based on low-cost UAVs, we have prototype. Asymmetric between two very different biological inspiration has been seeing similar types surface morphing has flight regimes, there are been identified and has of applications more often been compared to a variety of physical been used successfully and will continue to see this conventional ailerons constraints that will limit on a 24-inch aircraft. The trend in the future. using a computational such transitions. Morphing model. In agreement aircraft structures are with computational likewise dependent on results, wind tunnel tests this relationship, as the show that asymmetric choice of actuator or skin folding is comparable to material will be intrinsically conventional ailerons for dependent on the size of roll control in low-speed the aircraft. The approach flying conditions. Finally, suggested in this paper as a proof of concept, the is limited to a morphing researchers validated the concept for a small UAV roll control authority of with a size, flying speed, the proposed design with and weight comparable outdoor flights of a small to a variety of birds. With drone with morphing wings. such close similarities, it is reasonable to draw The design of a morphing on biological inspiration aircraft structure is highly in structure and shape. dependent on the size,

75 ©©Zafer Buna

North American P-51D Mustang "Ferocious Frankie" SHG Airshow 2020 From the Eyes of by Sıtkı Atasoy Spotter & Author of SPOTTERS Aviation Turkey

We mentioned a spotting pandemic that we have own observations. On this Premises” and is organized day event that took place all been going through occasion, I was appointed by the Sivrihisar Sportive in Moscow in our previous this year. to present to you content Aviation Club in an effort article. And in this article, which could be enriched to embrace aviation fans Many groundbreaking we will be illustrating the with the observations of of all ages, worldwide. developments which you will annual SHG Airshow that my aviation photographer be reading about in detail The SHG Airshow offers takes place in our country. colleagues who attended in the following paragraphs priceless opportunities to the event. Like many other people, occurred throughout this people of all age groups, I had to watch the SHG event and even though The International Airshow mostly the youth who are Airshow 2020 far from I could not be there up- officially dubbed as SHG curious about aviation. the field as I could not close and in person, I had Airshow is hosted every year This very fascinating attend due to certain the chance to watch it live at the "Sivrihisar Aviation organization was held issues arising from the and was able to make my Center – Necati Artan for the first time in 2015

©©Tayfun Yaşar

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Douglas DC-3 "Turkish Delight" ©©Tayfun Yaşar North American T6G Texan/Harvard "Happy Hour"

are most pleased about makers who gave us a place is the fact that decision- within the event as they are with the implementation makers have grasped the aware of the significance of additional health concept that aviation of the role that aviation measures. photography is important photographers play in and has been growing and influences promotion promoting the SHG Airshow in popularity with each The aviation photographers of aviation activities, 2020 to the entire globe, passing year and has at this year’s event were in other words, they despite the limitations grabbed attention in the particularly interested in realized that the aviation set this year on accepting international arena as well. the event which involved photographers are in fact viewers to the field. many restrictions due to This year similar cultural ambassadors. the measures adopted Air platforms, aerobatic events were cancelled, because of the pandemic. The SHG Airshow is quite planes, jets planes, postponed or transferred Unfortunately, only aviation critical in terms of the helicopters and many other to virtual platforms photographers that were promotion of aviation interesting air vehicles in many countries. As selected based on an culture, air platforms and with historical value for our country, SHG objective evaluation that other branches that are belonging to the M.S.Ö. Airshow 2020 was was made according to part of various aviation Air and Space Museum carried out with limited the identified quota were processes. Therefore, we participated in the event participation of only accepted to be present should additionally thank this year and performed aviation photographers on the field. The point we the event committee flights throughout the and flight crews along and the relevant decision SHG Airshow. Different

©©Tayfun Yaşar ©©Zafer Buna

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Boeing Stearman "A75N1 PT-17" & Antonov AN-2 than the previous events, space for them to maintain this year, the Cessna 195, social and physical distance which is the first Cessna and served them food and production crew, it enabled plane built completely of water throughout the our nation to enjoy the aluminum and recently event and they inquired performances on TV and added to M.S.Ö. Air and on their health conditions watched it live on YouTube online. Space Museum’s inventory, after the event by making and I enjoyed that…” appeared in the skies phone calls to the aviation I watched the show with The support granted by above Sivrihisar with its photographers who had bittersweet joy due to public institutions and shiny and elegant airframe, participated in the event. the limitation set on the organizations to the SHG striking beautiful poses participation due to the This year, the event opened Airshow 2020 event was for delighted aviation pandemic and the words its doors only to flight crews remarkable and many fixed- photographers. of Tolga Özbek, a P51 pilot, and aviation photographers. wing and rotating-wing air grabbed my attention as he As part of the aviation Yet by streaming live platforms posed for the said, “Though I have been safety and health uninterruptedly from the SPOTTERs and viewers inviting her for years now, my measures adopted during beginning to the end, with watching the live-streamed mother has never attended the pandemic, the SHG the help of a professional event. the event. Yet, this time she Airshow 2020 organization committee demonstrated sensitivity and awareness ©©Tayfun Yaşar on precautionary measures such as taking the body temperature of individuals entering and exiting the field and the distribution of hygiene kits to all participants. Moreover, the aviation photographers attending the event were pleased by the nice gesture of the SHG Airshow 2020 organization committee as they allocated a special

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Cessna 195 A "Businessliner" & "Happy Hour"

overhead, DOUGLAS DC- Airshow offers a vast 3’s acrobatic and exciting variety of opportunities for Gendarmerie General airshow gave aviation aviation photographers to Command performed photographers a great display their talent while for the audience with opportunity to capture capturing beautiful images. Flight Sikorsky S-70 helicopters unforgettable images. Thanks to the diverse air demonstrations platforms attending the as another aerobatic team Ali İsmet Öztürk who event and their different at SHG Airshow along our country’s other engraved our great leader levels of capabilities, this 2020 aerobatic teams, namely Atatürk’s name over the airshow is regarded as the SOLOTURK and Turkish wings of the “Purple Violet”, The SOLOTURK F-16 an event that enables Stars. Especially, their one of the most advanced Performance Team aviation photographers farewell gesture by saluting aerobatic planes, once under the 132nd Fleet to experience all the the aviation photographers again left us all breathless of our Turkish Air Forces shooting techniques we as part of the final airshow with an exceptional fascinated the viewers as have mentioned in previous package was fantastic and airshow. usual. was imprinted in all our issues. During the performances, Different than in previous memories. I am pleased and at the the aviation photographers years, this year the landing, same time motivated The helicopter team of enjoyed capturing the take-off of the CASA by the fact that the the General Directorate images they had longed for. CN235 serving under the of Security’s Aviation experiences I have shared in body of the ATAK Fleet Department fascinated The event of 2020 was the Aviation Photography of our 201st Search and viewers with the flight different than the events (Spotter) articles are Rescue Fleet and its tours demonstrations and passes of the previous years due guiding beginner aviation over the field captivated they made with Bell and to the COVID-19 pandemic, photographers out there. aviation photographers Sikorsky helicopters. but it was successful I want to share an e-mail as parachute jumps were despite all the challenges. sent by Aycan Duruloğlu, performed, adding to the With its wonderful We owe a debt of gratitude who benefited from our excitement of the event. performance and exquisite once again to those who previous articles and who sound, the P51 Mustang, contributed selflessly in the seized the opportunity to The Gendarmerie Steel with its giant airframe organization of the event. implement what he learned Wings Aerobatic Team the ANTONOV AN-2 and so far, at the 2020 SHG founded in 2018 under In addition to being a visual BOEING Stermans with Airshow. Wishing to see the Aviation Unit of the feast for viewers, the SHG their massive passes you in the coming issues…

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“I decided to become a became acquainted with it” and this made me equipment to be able to Spotter in 2018 during Sıtkı Atasoy’s articles in think that maybe instead get better shots in this Semin Öztürk’s airshow Aviation Turkey magazine. of immediately buying expensive hobby. at the Aeromania 2018 in equipment we should think Sıtkı Atasoy’s articles Again, the same issue, Romania, I asked myself, about how enthusiastic indeed serve as guidance spotters were instructed why don’t I shoot this we are about becoming a for beginners. For instance, to have clean cameras and airshow? I failed to adapt spotter. So, I questioned a sentence in the 5th lenses, so I took my camera myself to this thought my enthusiasm and issue of the magazine and lenses in for service due to my hectic work I witnessed that the told me, “Surely it has a and had them cleaned. schedule in those days enthusiasm within me had financial burden as well” and my equipment was already transformed into Mr. Atasoy mentioned in therefore “first scale not quite convenient for a sonic burst. Gradually this issue that planning your enthusiasm about this activity. Later, when I started to improve my was critical; therefore, I I returned to Turkey for made a very good event good, I decided to prioritize planning before going to ©©Aycan Duruloğlu this issue. Unfortunately, the event. Then again, of I could not shoot a single course my plans were not decent photograph working yet like the plans which I could claim “this of our mentors. is it” during the October I examined in particular, 11st Mudanya Ceasefire the actions of a airshow, held in Sivrihisar professional spotter last year (2019), but I did throughout the event; not give up. he lifted his camera as Then I started to follow he spotted an airplane the spotters in Turkey. and pressed the shutter. My adventure of Though, I could only overwhelming my spotter manage to catch merely colleagues with my a part of the image he many questions started captured in a single shoot after the 2019 Sivrihisar maybe in 10 photos. Airshow. In those days, I I am writing these lines

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quite carefully because sense when I heard the I had to work for a long in my camera and in other my mentors are quite good same from other fellow time until I was able to cameras it is the S mode. and I am aware that I was spotters at the Sivrihisar find the most appropriate My next goal is to work not yet anywhere near Airshow as I had already rate for myself. The second on the PAN technique for them. Though I attended decided to take photos in automatic adjustment of planes and to start taking the event with 2 blank and snapshot mode. I made two the camera was the one photos in diaphragm (AV) formatted 64 GB cards automatic adjustments for shooting non-propelled mode. After all, I have (RAW-L), by 15:00 p.m. to the camera, the first vehicles, for instance the learned that this applied both my cards were full. one was for shooting very speedy ones like the to me too; I did not have to At this point, I would like propeller planes since SoloTurk F-16s, they looked shoot manually. to remind readers again of most of the planes were as if they were suspended the words of my mentor Mr. propeller planes and I had in the air, in other words By the way, I would Atasoy, “I will gain control to capture a dynamic shot as if they were frozen. I hereby like to thank all as the number of my shots of the propellers to add adjusted the camera to my supporters and Sıtkı and experience increases”, the sense of motion in my a high shutter speed and Atasoy for equipping me so one day I will be able photos. Therefore, as told of course once again used well with good advice this to capture moments by my mentor Mr. Atasoy, I the snapshot mode of the year. I am looking forward instantaneously like my adjusted my shutter speed camera. And if you ask me to the next issue of this mentors and manage to to a lower rate and left the what the snapshot mode magazine.” conduct optimum photo rest to my camera. Surely, is, well it is the TV mode shoots. Surely, I am very happy to have made great progress compared to last year. Reading relevant literature and working hard, both lie at the basis of this profession as well as fully complying with the advice of mentors yet creating one’s own style at the same time.

In the following issue of the magazine, Sıtkı Atasoy recommended the use of camera modes. Until I read that article, I believed in the necessity of conducting manual photo- ©©Aycan Duruloğlu shoots. I felt relieved in a MD Helicopters MD500E

81 New Trend in Aviation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic by Muhammed Yılmaz with this ‘slippery slope’ replace their instincts to The Flights to Nowhere for survival on one hand; explore the world with the trend, even though it With the closure of air they are also waiting for discovery of their inner does not have a great space and land borders, positive news about the worlds for months, will not positive effect on the the quarantine measures vaccine and dreaming of miss the opportunity when severe financial distress adopted by countries, and an accelerated recovery on they have the chance to of airlines during the the fear of the lethal effect the other hand. travel and fly again. pandemic, it has potential of the virus, global travel ancillary revenue but The pandemic that hit the In order to achieve a slight demand has dropped is also attracting entire aviation industry contribution to their cash dramatically. The aviation negative attention hard has created an acute flows and to protect industry has been going from the environmental awareness among people their staff, airlines have through the most turbulent organizations. Scientists about the importance taken action to create period in its history for are trying to comprehend of traveling and flying in an opportunity to satisfy the last 9 months. All such a huge demand of their lives. People, who people’s desire to travel the stakeholders of the people. Some airlines have been obliged to and fly: Flights to Nowhere. industry are trying to cope call these ‘scenic flights’;

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©©Eva Air

Songshan Airport in Taipei, Hong Kong and Australia offered the opportunity the capital of Taiwan, started to plan special to upgrade their seats where international flights flights where passengers to Business Class for were entirely suspended, go nowhere, with a similar an additional US$ 34. for those who were stuck approach. Japanese Beef noodle prepared at home and missed flying airline All Nippon Airways by Michelin-Star Chef for a long time. At the conducted a Hawaiian- Motokazu Nakamara was end of a draw attended themed 90-minute flight served to the passengers by 7 thousand people on with 300 passengers. in-flight. As expected, this Facebook, 60 passengers special flight attracted Taiwan's biggest carrier per flight were chosen great attention from Eva Air has also set out to to have a fake flight Taiwanese travelers. All take a three-hour country experience. Arriving at the 309 seats were booked. tour with its Hello Kitty airport to pretend to travel, livery A330 aircraft for its passing the security check, Dining travel-starved passengers. "passengers" having their experience on As part of the project boarding passes in hand Airbus A380 developed on the occasion others are more direct, boarded the plane. The of Father's Day celebrated Singapore Airlines calling them “flights to passengers, who took their in Taiwan on August 8, (SIA), which is one of nowhere.” Here are the seats, spent some time the plane took off from the companies hit hard details of the new trend onboard for a while and Taipei Taoyuan Airport by the pandemic, has that the pandemic has tasted the treats offered and returned to the same announced that it is brought to the aviation to them, then disembarked airport after flying over planning special flights industry, with its financial, the plane and toured the Guishan Island, Huadong to nowhere. Passengers environmental and airport before returning to coast and nearby islands. getting on the airplanes scientific aspects. their homes. to take off from Changi The cost of the flight It all started The great interest in this Airport would again land operated under flight with the airport project has also inspired at Changi Airport after a number BR5288, which airline companies. Other 3-hour tour. experience sounds like "I love dad" in countries in the region In July, a travel experience Taiwanese, was US$180. It was even considered such as Brunei, Japan, project was launched at Passengers were also to add some special

83 options to these special had the chance to taste with wine or champagne. has launched a new flight flights to improve the the most special dishes Customers are able to model that will help singles "travel" experience of the offered by the airline to choose from 10 menus find love in the sky. passengers. Staycations their passengers on the including First Class and Based on the idea that at the best hotels in world's largest passenger Business Class dishes and singles often travel the the country, shopping aircraft. order them to their homes. world in search of a new vouchers at Jewel Changi SIA also organized love, Eva Air will offer its Terminal and limousine Tickets sold out family tours to the single passengers the ferry rides… in 10 minutes training facilities of opportunity for a three- However, following an cabin attendants and Australian Qantas has hour romantic date in the outcry over the potential pilots and gave visitors also started similar sky in its project called environmental impact of the chance to interact practices like other airline ‘Love is in the air.’ The flights and the carbon with the flight crew while companies. Tickets for a flight will start from Taipei footprint, Singapore giving details on the 70- 7-hour special flight sold Taoyuan Airport and end Airlines dropped this year history of the airline. out in 10 minutes after at the same airport. idea after the review and The tours are realized going on sale. The ticket While single passengers made its way to another with complimentary craft prices of the 7-hour are encouraged to meet option. The airline, the activities for children flights operated with the and have in-depth flights of which reduced such as shaping balloons Boeing 787 Dreamliner, conversations, meals drastically due to the into animals and making including centers such prepared by Michelin-Star pandemic, decided to their own batik roses, as Queensland and the chef Motoke Nakamura organize 3 separate while adults are offered Gold Coast and covering will be served to events to interact with its the chance to experience the country, were set as passengers. Even though customers. real flight simulators. As US$ 575 to US$ 2,765. The the number of COVID-19 part of the tour, which company executives said SIA has started to offer cases in Taiwan is very low, includes wine appreciation that they knew this flight dining service on one of passengers will be asked sessions and oratory would be popular, but they the Airbus A380 aircraft to keep their masks on workshops, the most didn't expect it to sell out grounded at Changi when they are not eating popular dishes served to in 10 minutes. Airport. While having or drinking. Passengers will passengers on flights are dinner on the Jumbo jet, Matchmaking in be able to walk around and also on sale. customers, who had the the Air! - ‘Love is chat in the cabin. chance to experience the Developing a project for in the Air’ ‘Love is in the air’ flights in-flight entertainment customers who want to will be conducted three system, were also offered enjoy the world-renowned Eva Air decided to take times on Christmas Day, souvenirs during the A380 SIA in-flight taste from its flights to nowhere New Year's Eve and New tour after dinner. This the comfort of their one step further after Year Day. Special surprises project also attracted a own homes, the Airline the flight conducted on will be prepared for each great deal of attention prepares home-dining Father’s Day, which drew flight. from the customers who packages and pairs them great attention. The airline

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we often find the time we transporting passengers spend at airports boring. nowhere and leading to However, during travel environmental pollution restrictions, there is a will not be fruitful. The study longing for being even at finds that continuation ordinary places. Scientists of travel restrictions due agree that "we are starting to the pandemic could ©©SIA to think that even ordinary possibly decrease this year’s places that we normally go annual carbon emissions have an exciting side." by 7-10 percent. That's why they are very annoyed Certain requirements Experts working on this Studies on the intersection with airlines conducting will be sought for issue think that ‘nowhere of psychology and tourism 'flights to nowhere', which passengers to participate flights’ are not impractical at the Polytechnic they see as an obstacle to in matchmaking flights. efforts for the airlines to University of Hong Kong the realization of such a There will be only 40 increase sales. The ‘nowhere reveal that an innate "desire possibility. passengers on each flight, flights’ projects manage to to escape" helps drive the 20 women and 20 men, catch the attention of travel travel experience and Qantas executives and all of them have to lovers. Because, according pandemic-era lockdowns announced that they have be university graduates. to experts, this new form likely intensify that urge. purchased carbon offsets to The age specification will of travel gives the frequent alleviate the environmental Although the destination be between 28 and 38 for flyers the feeling of impact of the seven-hour itself is important for some men and 24 and 35 for returning to normal life and flight, while Royal Brunei travelers and for others, with women. Some preliminary a sense of escape from the Airlines executives defend whom they are going to that surveys have been done gloomy atmosphere of the themselves by saying that destination, it is a fact that to determine such criteria. pandemic. In circumstances they are using an Airbus travel makes us feel better, where air travel becomes A320neo, which has fewer The ticket price was set at including relieving our stress impossible, the routine and emissions than many other US$ 294 per person, and and anxiety and improving sometimes even painful planes. Singapore Airlines, all 40 seats for the first our cardiovascular health, aspects of flying can on the other hand, manages flight were sold out within and in view of this, it's not become attractive. to receive full marks from a week. difficult to understand the activists by saying Some people think flying why people show so much that they have given up Why do means going from one place interest in ‘flights to such flights due to their passengers show to another, yet others think nowhere’. environmental sensitivity. great interest? it is a means rather than an end, in other words it Environmentalists There are a number of How come people, who is the exciting part of the are those who think that the always seek ways to travel experience. That's uncomfortable! popularity of ‘nowhere pay less to the airlines why many of the 'nowhere flights will usher in a new that fly them to the Climate and environmental flights' passengers say that era for travel when the destinations they wish activists do not agree they realized how much they pandemic ends. I am one to go, are very keen to with airlines regarding missed traveling, with the of those who believes that pay for it now, despite these flights, which are cabin crew greeting them the COVID-19 vaccine will the annoyances (airport associated with boomerang. at the gate, the captain's not only save the lives of procedures, security check Environmentalists who announcement and all people, but it will also pop queues, mediocre in-flight blame airlines for damaging other details about their this travel bubble and get meals, social distancing the environment advise experience. Thus, such passengers back up in the measures and the risk them to seek more flights at least satisfy the skies, truly ready to soak of COVID-19 infection), comprehensive solutions to passengers' desire to travel. in the splendor of air travel even knowing that they recover, while believing that once again... go nowhere? Under normal circumstances, these ‘air travel bubbles’

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@Team Member Berra Nur @Team Leader, @Team Member Hande Zeydan, Beşir, Publishing and Production Yağmur Gençoğlu Communication Executive Executive

Our Misson Our Vision

The @Team has come together with the aim of The @Team underlines that everyone can seek their own future developing projects at home and around the world, in the skies, with our team profile proving that the aviation reflecting its passion for aviation and space, with a industry can appeal to people from all disciplines regardless of team profile that proves that the aviation industry their field of training, and at the same time, we aim to inspire can appeal to people from all disciplines, regardless fellow students with our ideas and projects, and encourage new of their field of training. creative ideas and new collaborations through an appropriate inspiring environment where are ideas free to soar.

Eskisehir Osmangazi University Founded in 1970, Eskişehir Osmangazi University has been providing education at international standards in many associate and undergraduate programs in science, art, technology and sports. Hosting thousands of students from 57 different countries at its campus, ESOGU has a multicultural education environment. ESOGU, which supports many aviation activities with great importance on social activities, teamwork and the advantage of Eskişehir being the capital of aviation, cooperation by hosting 197 active student clubs from stands out as a higher education institution that places various branches.

ESOGU - Hezarfen Aeronautics have been organized so far by these teams for the and Space Club development of students. Each event attracts the Eskisehir Osmangazi University - Hezarfen Aeronautics attention of many students from different faculties and and Space Club was established in September 2006 departments. Our club, mostly composed of engineering under the Faculty of Architecture and Engineering and students, actively hosts more than 100 members who started its activities actively in 2009. Our club consists receive vocational education in different branches of four main teams: training, events, organization from science to art. Thanks to the various activities and projects. Many activities such as conferences, conducted, our club is one of the prominent clubs within workshops, project preparation and execution our university.

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ESOGU – Mission of Hezarfen industry and Turkish Aviation History. Our vision, which Aeronautics and Space Club serves this objective, is to open up to the world with our innovative projects and comprehensive events that rally Eskisehir Osmangazi University - Hezarfen Aeronautics the aviation & space and defense industry industries and Space Club was established in September 2006 and together, to gain team spirit and to train ourselves as started its activities actively in 2009. Our main objective competent graduates for professional life and to add value is to gather our members who set their hearts on aviation to Eskisehir's aviation center identity and the profile of our under one roof, in the footsteps of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, university through our activities/events that strengthen and to raise qualified individuals in the fields of defense university-industry cooperation.

ESOGU – ESOGU - Logo and Slogan of Hezarfen Hezarfen Aeronautics and Space Club Aeronautics and Space Club Management Team Chairperson: “We didn't have time to fall, so we flew!” Sena Nur Kızılay – Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Vice Chairperson: Sefa Kaya – Mechanical Engineering Head of the Event Team: Mete Özkaya – Computer Engineering Head of the Project Team: Oğuz Durmaz – Mechanical Engineering Head of the Training Team: Yusuf Berk Kısa – Electrical and Electronic Engineering Head of the Event and Organization Team: Berra Nur Beşir – Comparative Literature Club Auditor: Murat Şahin – Mechanical Engineering Club Treasurer: Burak Öz – Industrial Engineering

ESOGU – Hezarfen Aeronautics and Space Main Activities thousand people so far. Many national and international companies and participants have attended our Hezarfen Defense Industry Days ’19 organizations, and at the end of the event, participation Hezarfen Defense Industry Days, which has become a certificates are given to participating students who tradition since 2011, looking at the aviation industry have had the opportunity to closely follow the Defense from a wide perspective, is an organization that has Industry by attending the event that lasts for two days been held with the participation of more than six each year.

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Thanks to these conferences, where senior executives of Manager Kurtuluş Öğün, Havelsan System Security Leader Defense Industry companies deliver speeches, many new Murat Kasap, Schneider Electric, SOLOTURK Founder F16 project agreements were signed between our university Test Pilot Murat Keleş, ROKETSAN Engineering Director and companies, thus creating professional working Cenk Önen, C4Defence Magazine Author Sami Atalan, environments where students can gain experience both Aviation Association for Everyone, Cockpitturk were invited during their vocational and student lives. as speaker participants.

For Hezarfen Defense Industry Days 2019, TUSAS Engine We ended the last day of our event with an exciting flight Industries Inc. Chairman and CEO Prof. Dr. Mahmut Akşit, simulation, which turned into an interactive environment Nurol Technology Inc. General Manager Cem Sapmaz, with the interest and curiosity of our fellow students from ICI Technology Founder Kenan Işık, TUMOSAN General almost all faculties of our university.

Hezarfen Aviation Days ’18

Hezarfen Aviation Days, organized by Hezarfen Aeronautics and Space Club every year to examine and discuss aviation and space issues and bring enthusiasts together with the experts of the domain, was also held in 2018, with the participation of valuable experts such as TAI Veli Bayar, 4B Engineering, TAI Emre Kargın, GORDION Flight School GUMUSH Satellite, PEGASUS Airlines, TUBITAK Murat Yüksel, Author and Youtuber Kerem Gök, Author İsmail Yavuz, SEDS Organization, Assoc. Prof. Melih Cemal Kuşhan, GÖKTÜRK-1 Halit Mirahmetoğlu, Anadolu University Muhammer Tün and American Life Language Institute.

In the two-day event, Hezarfen Aeronautics and Space Club came closer to its goal of presenting aviation enthusiasm and, history to people of all ages and raising sportive aviation awareness. F16 pilots and paragliding instructors also attended the event and with the interest of participant students, the organization has turned out to be an interactive environment with information flow, with the model plane competition at the end of the event, accompanied by our gifts that appeal to everyone, such as concert tickets.

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Hezarfen Aviation Summit ’17

Continuing the tradition of Hezarfen Aviation Days also in 2017, Hezarfen Aviation Summit was held with the participation of ROKETSAN, Technical Leader at DB MARS Information Technologies and Defense Industry Dilek Başaran Bil, Turkish Aeronautical Association (THK) engineers and pilots, Haberturk Aviation Editor Muhammed Yılmaz, TAI, and METU Aerospace Engineering Prof. Dr. Yurdanur Tulunay. During the event, THK model aircraft, ELBA Aviation - Aviation Camp, THK - glider flight and model aircraft and training gifts from our club were given. Hence, Hezarfen has become one step closer to touching everybody's passion for aviation.

Future of UAVS Event Turkish Aeronautical Association

While Unmanned Aerial Vehicle systems were newly Turkey Paragliding Championship being discussed in our country, this event was held Tour in May of 2016 with the participation of STM UAV As the Hezarfen Aeronautics and Space Club team, we Systems Specialist Cengiz Karaağaç, TAI Guidance watched the championship held in İnönü/Eskişehir on Control Department Design Specialist Engineer Tuğrul October 15 and had the opportunity to follow the excellent Yıldırım, AUTONOM TECHNOLOGY General Manager view of both the scenery and aviation demonstrations Nezir Ertürk, TEI Engine Control Specialist Engineer with excitement. Süleyman Altınorak and Military Concept and Doctrine Specialist Sami Altan as speakers and we carried out many award-winning projects thanks to this event.

TUSAŞ – Turkish Aerospace Tour

Together with our club’s advisor Assoc. Prof. Melih Cemal Kuşhan, we organized a technical tour to TUSAŞ - Turkish Aerospace where we had the opportunity to see and examine the T-129 Atak, Anka and Hürkuş-C projects.

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“Sky Hidden in Blue” Event time with Paragliding Trainers Sedat Şişman, Metin Sözsoy, the Turkish Armed Forces National Team and Unlike other conventional-themed aviation events, Turkey Parachute National Team member Cengiz Koçak “Sky Hidden in Blue” is an event organized on sportive and THK Flight Instructor Faruk Işık, attended as the aviation. During the 1-day event in 2016, we had a great guest speakers.

Activities of Our Training and Project Team

Our Training and Project team, another branch of our club, participated in the competition organized by the Air Force Academy in 2011 with the first UAV design named Muh-1 and came in fifth and then joined TUBITAK UAVTURKEY. Recently, it has been working on an RC model, altitude missile, autonomous UAV projects and various defense technologies. We have started our CubeSat project with our project team established after the elimination at the end of the training, with our workshop held with Murat Süer, the Founder of GUMUSH Aerospace & Defense.

At the same time, conferences, workshops, and training sessions are organized regularly. Such as project preparation and execution that meets the team's technical knowhow and the requirements needed to keep up with the sector.

CUBESAT Workshop with Gumush Aerospace & Defense

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Sivrihisar Aviation Center Tour

The Last Word ESOGU – Hezarfen Aeronautics We are the generation of the Turkish Aviation and Space Club Contact Details History and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who proved INSTAGRAM @hezarfenhavacilik to this country that there is a way out in the skies. In the same way as we have seen and learned from TWITTER @esoguhezarfen our past, we have to continue the same today. Our greatest goal is to bear in mind that the future is FACEBOOK esoguhezarfen in the skies and make fresh young minds hold their heads high. We wish to live this pride and cherish this LINKEDIN Hezarfen Havacılık ve Uzay Kulübü for generations. We would like to thank the @Team and Aviation Turkey magazine, who have brought us E-MAIL [email protected] together with many air and space enthusiasts, and perhaps we will cross paths in the future.

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IGU – Aviation Club

Istanbul Gelişim University Aviation Club was activated in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. Since it was founded, important persons from the aviation industry have been hosted at our university, social projects have been realized and trips have been organized. Our club is open not only Established in 2008, Istanbul Gelisim University (IGU) to students who study aviation, but also to anyone took place as the only university from Turkey in the who is passionate about aviation. final of the category of 'Internationalization Strategy of the Year' where 7 universities from around the world were shortlisted by the Times Higher Education Asia (THE) in 2019. IGU – Aviation Club Mission Besides, IGU Vocational School Aircraft Technologies As the IGU Aviation Club, our mission is to promote Program and School of Applied Sciences Aircraft Body and popularize aviation within our university, to Engine Maintenance Department were examined by organize activities such as aviation days, trips to airports, competitions and conferences, to participate the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and in aviation fairs, to prepare students for professional have been certified as a "Recognized School" within the life and to be active, to reach the large masses by scope of SHY-147. The 4 tasks in the training program cooperating with other clubs, to conduct interviews of our Aircraft Technologies School are implemented and have conversations with aviators touching the in the MNG Jet hangar with the protocol made with spirit of aviation with their stories, to organize events an MNG Jet. with our fellow aviators not only in the academic field but also with social responsibility projects. IGU Aviation Club Members Chairperson: Talha Kıvanç IGU – Aviation Club Logo and Slogan – Aviation Management Vice Chairperson: Beyza Kahraman – Aviation Management Secretary: Oğuzhan Devlet Kocabaş – Aviation Management Social Media Expert: Ali Onat Erden – Aviation Management Sponsorship Expert: İrem Çakır – Aviation Management “Those who dream in the skies have unfulfilled dreams on earth” Full Member: Emir Topal – Cabin Services Full Member: Enes Kaan Güvercin – Aviation Management IGU – Aviation Club Main Activities Full Member: Banu Dinç – Nutrition and Dietetics IGU Aviation Days Full Member: Beyza Özsöz – Aviation Management Full Member: Serhat Kaya – Aviation Management IGU Aviation Days is an event where information transfer is achieved through experienced people from Full Member: Yusuf Kahriman – Aviation Management almost all branches of aviation. Full Member: Yadel Çakmak – Aviation Management

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IGU FLYIN

At the IGU FLYIN event that was organized in December 2018 we brought together many aviators with aviation students to achieve occupational information transfer.

Conversation with Pilot Abdullah Arpa

A conference was held in which Abdullah Arpa shared his experiences and the participants wanted to be a pilot found the answers of the questions in their minds on what path to follow.

Let's Get to Know the Turkish Aeronautical Association

At our event which took place with the participation of Turkish Aeronautical Association (THK) Konya Branch Treasurer Bedir Direk and THK Konya Young Wings Leader Afranur Gürcüoğlu, the steps to be taken towards joining the Turkish Aeronautical Association were discussed and the courses provided free of charge to the students were mentioned. Then, the interested members headed out to take the model aircraft course to the Eskişehir Turkish Aeronautical Association.

Flight Simulators

Accompanied by Operation Manager Yusuf Çuhan, an event was organized with participants, consisting of aviation students, to examine flight simulators and watch the operation of simulator capsules.

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Training and Careers in Aviation A conference was held where we received information from Civil Aviation Lecturer Evren Yılmaz, one of the guest speakers, on how to focus on our career as aviation students and how to progress in our decision-making processes. This conference also became a comprehensive event where we had the opportunity to chat with our speaker, Traveler & YouTuber Doğancan Karabudak, who gave tips to those who want to participate in international programs such as Erasmus+ and seek ways to realize their dreams of becoming travelers.

March 8TH - Angels of the Skies

On March 8th, International Women's Day, a conversation was held with the women in aviation, flight attendant Müge Bekman and trainee pilot Ceren Mete.

Conference with Gyrocopter Pilot Hatice Nur Gündoğdu

A conference was held with the participation of the Gyrocopter Pilot Hatice Nur Gündoğdu, who came to the fore with her guidance in this field, for fellow students who are interested in not only the technical but also the sports side of aviation.

AYJET Flight Academy The Last Word

A 1-day event was organized at AYJET Flight Academy It is our greatest goal to see even one person becomes so that our fellow members, intending to receive pilot interested in aviation on this journey we set out to instill training at Ayjet Flight Academy, could experience in everyone the love for aviation. Let the earth be yours and the sky ours, let our minds always stay in the sky. what they would face in the future. Before finalizing our words, we would like to mention the quote of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who understood the importance of aviation before anyone else and pioneered the foundation of the Turkish Aeroplane League. “The future is in the skies. Nations that cannot protect their skies can never be sure of their future.” We would like to thank the @Team and Aviation Turkey magazine for providing us the opportunity to take part in this platform.

IGU Aviation Club Contact Details INSTAGRAM @iguhavacilikkulubu E-MAIL [email protected]

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Domestic Flights with Air Astana on Embraer 190-E2 Aircraft Air Astana is introducing a new Premium Economy Class on all flights operated by its popular Embraer 190-E2 aircraft. Premium Economy Class occupies seat rows from one to 12 and delivers the same award-winning levels of service and comfort of the Business Class it New Simulator replaces, albeit at 35% lower fares. The new product debuts on domestic flights from Nur-Sultan to Shymkent, Facility for the Atyrau, Aktobe and Ust-Kamenogorsk and from Almaty Dornier 328 to Kyzylorda from November 23. The airline’s Premium Economy seats offer more space Turboprop Near and comfort than Economy Class in its attractive 2 by 2, no middle seat layout. It also allows two baggage items Düsseldorf, Germany at 32 kg each, at no extra charge.

As part of its continuing global support for the Dornier Nomad Club members travelling in Premium Economy 328 fleet, 328 Support Services GmbH is pleased to Class will earn the same Nomad Club points as Business announce that an EASA certified Dornier 328 Turboprop Class passengers and continue to enjoy access to Full Flight Simulator (FFS) Level DG is now in Germany business class lounges and priority at check-in and and will be available for training from the 1st of October during boarding. 2020 onwards. The simulator received its certification Air Astana Sales Director, Islam Sekerbelov commented: from the German Federal Aviation Office (Luftfahrt- “We always appreciate and listen to our customers’ Bundesamt – LBA) on September 25th 2020. feedback. Thanks to their comments we can continually The simulator will be operated in partnership with enhance and improve our service. The new Premium Simulator Training Solution GmbH (STS) although Economy Class is designed for passengers who value 328SSG will maintain ownership of the simulator and comfort and seek value for money too. They will still offer training, on a fixed rate per hour basis. The joint receive the service and privileges of our business class team has been preparing the simulator over the past few offering.” months and it is now mentioned on the website. Air Astana operates five Embraer E190-E2 aircraft which “Given the excellent expertise of 328SSG in supporting belong to the family of upgraded E-Jets, offering lower the Dornier 328 fleet over many years, we are proud to operating costs, emissions and noise levels. partner with them on this project, supporting the training of the next generation of pilots on the Dornier 328,” said Jan Hünerfeld, CEO of STS.

Dave Jackson, Managing Director of 328SSG stated: “It is essential to keep our operators up to date with the latest safety requirements and training, and ensure their flight training even during the current COVID-19 situation, regardless of their flying activity. Establishing the simulator in Germany, is a major step towards simplifying our activities and extending our service offering to our Dornier 328 operators.”

©©Air Astana

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Robin Hayes Becomes the 79th Chair of the IATA Board of Governors Collins Aerospace Systems Signs a The IATA announced leadership changes Collaboration approved by the 76th IATA Annual General Meeting. Agreement with Robin Hayes, CEO of Boom Supersonic JetBlue is now the Chair of the IATA Board of Governors (BoG), Collins Aerospace Systems, a unit of Raytheon succeeding Carsten Technologies, has signed a collaboration agreement Spohr, Chair IATA BoG with Boom Supersonic, the aerospace company (2019-2020) and CEO building the world's fastest airliner, to advance of Lufthansa. Hayes will nacelle technology on Boom’s forthcoming flagship that will require the IATA serve a term commencing supersonic airliner, Overture. Overture will be the to work with governments immediately and ending world’s fastest airliner and is designed and committed globally. And, in additional at the conclusion of the to industry-leading standards of speed, safety, and COVID-19 related work, Association’s 78th Annual sustainability. we have a clear mandate General Meeting to be held to meet our 2050 goal to Collins Aerospace engineers will work in concert in 2022. Hayes will serve cut net aviation emissions with Boom to develop inlet, nacelle, and exhaust an extended term as Chair to half 2005 levels; and to system technologies that enable fuel-burn reduction covering two AGMs due the explore pathways to net and cutting-edge acoustics for cleaner and quieter disruption to governance zero globally. I look forward supersonic flight. They will do this via lightweight cycles necessitated by the to driving these priorities aerostructures and variable nacelle geometry. COVID-19 crisis. forward with the support of Collins Aerospace has been providing innovative “The expectations for Alexandre, Willie, the BoG nacelle technology for more than 70 years, including IATA’s leadership are high. and all our members,” said development of the first commercial variable fan Managing through the Hayes. nozzle for high-bypass-ratio geared turbofan (GTF) crisis is, of course, at the engines. Hayes was named top of the agenda. We must president of JetBlue in The combined engineering team will be exploring the safely re-open borders and 2014 and was appointed development of advanced acoustics and variable build back the vital global CEO in 2015, a position inlet and exhaust technologies required to minimize connectivity that has been that also encompasses aircraft noise for passengers and airport communities lost in this crisis. There subsidiaries JetBlue while enhancing performance. is a great expectation Technology Ventures and for aviation’s role in the Boom’s mission is to make the world dramatically JetBlue Travel Products. He global distribution of a more accessible by making supersonic travel joined JetBlue in 2008 as vaccines when they are mainstream. Overture is in its design phase with Executive Vice President ready. Safely re-starting plans to finalize the configuration and begin building and Chief Commercial large parts of the industry the first airliner while XB-1 is flying supersonic. Boom Officer after a 19-year after months of being will roll out the first completed Overture aircraft in career with British Airways. grounded is a challenge 2025, with entry into service planned for 2029.

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3M and Safran Announce Partnership to Design Cleaner Aircraft Interiors 3M and Safran Cabin are bringing together their strengths and technologies in a partnership. Known Iridium Partner Collins for its multiplatform technologies and efforts in the fight against COVID-19, 3M will provide technologies Aerospace Passes to help design cleaner aircraft cabin interiors for Development Milestone ‘Travel Safe' – in a joint initiative of Safran Interior companies to verifiably elevate the hygiene of aircraft for Iridium Certus interiors.

Iridium Communications Inc. partner Collins Aerospace Safran will certify 3M technology that enhances continues to make progress in bringing its new Iridium cleaning and protection features of aircraft cabin Certus aviation terminal to market. The company equipment and provides the capability to mitigate or passed a major development milestone and is the first improve the removal of bacteria and viruses, including among Iridium Certus aviation partners to connect an SARS-CoV-2. aviation-grade antenna, in this case an Active Low- Gain Antenna (ALGA), to the Iridium constellation. "Clean interiors are an industry imperative, and we have with 3M an innovative partner and expert in Collins Aerospace’s Iridium Certus solution is designed cleaning, disinfection and protection, who can blend to meet the connectivity needs of commercial, business the latest in clean technology with the specialized and government aircraft. The service will enable a plastics, decors, and composites used in aircraft variety of capabilities for cockpit safety, graphical interiors," said Norman Jordan, CEO of Safran Cabin. weather, electronic flight bags, enhanced aircraft reporting, and other operational aircraft services for The partnership will leverage the research capability airline and government customers. It will offer this of both companies to realize a shared vision for through small form factor antennas currently in testing, seamless, safe and stress-free travel. It's expected and terminals that are ideal for operators of smaller that these new aerospace materials will be available aircraft requiring internet connectivity. in 2021.

Collins Aerospace was announced as an Iridium service provider for the aviation industry in 2018, and continues to make progress in its solution to enable a faster, more reliable SATCOM experience. Enabled by Iridium’s upgraded constellation, Iridium Certus is a multi-service communications platform that offers the highest speed L-band connectivity and only truly global mobile satellite service on the market.

“Collins Aerospace continues to play a critical role in bringing the next-generation L-band broadband solution to customers around the world,” says Iridium Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Bryan Hartin. “The progress of its Iridium Certus SATCOM solution is paving the way for safer and more connected skies.

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FAI Receives ITIJ’s Air Ambulance Company of the Year The Air Ambulance meet demand during Division of German the pandemic. I would Special Mission Operator like to thank the FAI rent-a-jet AG has entire team who have won the prestigious 2020 shown dedication, International Travel & professionalism and Health Insurance Journal incredible resilience (ITIJ) Air Ambulance particularly during Company of the Year the past nine months. Award. The winners were Without them, our work revealed virtually at the would not be possible.” ITIJ Awards ceremony on “Congratulations to the the 5th of November. The team at FAI for this well- company overcame stiff deserved win,” said Ian ©©FAI competition from fellow Cameron, ITIJ editor- Volker Lembe finalists, Air Ambulance in-chief. “Our judging Worldwide and Jet panel commented ambulance jet aircraft, logging far above 10,000 Rescue. This marks the that FAI demonstrated covering all corners of hours per year flying air second award win for ‘quality standards of the the globe. ambulance missions. FAI having first won in highest level’ and put The fleet comprises 2012. The ITIJ awards, Demand was particularly ‘operational safety first, Bombardier Global now in their 18th year, strong for FAI’s always guided by ethical Express, Challenger 604 honors these companies EpiShuttle isolation pod principles, governing and Learjet 60 is based that have made an patient transfer system how they treat their at FAI´s Headquarters outstanding contribution which enables self- colleagues, clients, and at Albrecht Dürer to the global travel and contained oxygen and the patients entrusted to International Airport health insurance industry air ventilation directly their care’.” in Nuremberg. It is over the past year. to the patient, isolated supported by more than Earlier this year, FAI rent- from the cabin’s airflow. Accepting the award, 200 full time staff plus a-jet emerged from its Since April, the division Volker Lemke, head of 50 part-time physicians busiest period in its 30- has been managing a FAI´s Air Ambulance and paramedics. year history due to the very challenging and Division, said: “On coronavirus pandemic. fluid situation with The company specializes behalf of the division, I During this time the fluctuating demand in air support in hostile am pleased and proud to division was operating at coming mostly from areas for the world´s have won this important maximum capacity and COVID-19 patient largest NGO. It award. The win is worked hard to fulfill all transfers. currently averages four particularly sweet given the requests coming in intercontinental medical the incredibly challenging FAI is one of the world´s 24/7 for repatriation and evacuations per day for and extraordinary largest air ambulance medevac flights utilizing its global client base. year we have had to jet operators by revenue, its 10-strong fleet of air

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Kuwait Airways Takes Delivery of its first two A330neos Kuwait Airways, the Thanks to its tailored prominent airline in both accommodating generous national airline of Kuwait, mid-sized capacity and its the regional and global passenger baggage received its first two excellent range versatility, aviation sector. As we are allowances. A330neos on 29 October the A330neo is considered continuously reviewing our “The A330neo is the right 2020. These aircraft are the ideal aircraft to passenger requirements to aircraft for Kuwait Airways the first of eight A330neos operate as part of the provide excellent services, in these challenging times. ordered by the airline. The post-COVID-19 recovery. combined with comfort This unique product is carrier currently operates and safety during each Kuwait Airways Chairman, spot-on with Kuwait a fleet of 15 Airbus flight, the arrival of the Captain Ali Mohammad Airways’ ambition to aircraft comprising seven A330neos commences Al-Dukhan stated: “Kuwait expand its network in A320ceos, three A320neos a new phase in the Airways takes pride in its the most efficient and and five A330ceos. services we provide to continued relationship and versatile way,” said our passengers on board, This event also marks cooperation with Airbus Christian Scherer, Airbus in addition to efficient Airbus’ first A330- for the past four decades. Chief Commercial Officer. and comfortable air 800 delivery. The new “With its Airspace best- The delivery of the first two transport services with generation widebody in-class cabin comfort A330neos is yet another Kuwait Airways”, added aircraft is the latest the aircraft will quickly significant milestone Al-Dukhan. addition to Airbus’ become a passengers’ for Kuwait Airways as product line, highlighting Kuwait Airways’ A330neo favorite. Thanks to its we progress towards our the company's strategy will comfortably high level of commonality goals and implementation to keep offering its airline accommodate 235 and cost advantages, the of our fleet development customers unbeatable passengers, featuring 32 A330neo will easily and strategy,” said Al- economics, increased fully-flat beds in Business efficiently integrate into Dukhan. “The introduction operational efficiency Class and 203 spacious Kuwait Airways’ current of the A330neos to and superior passenger seats in Economy Class fleet of A320s, A330s and our expanding fleet comfort with proven latest while offering a large its future fleet of A350s” strengthens Kuwait technology platforms. cargo hold capable of he added. Airways’ position as a

©©Kuwait Airways 100 NEWS

SunExpress Attains Authorized Economic Operator Status SunExpress has become the second airline in Turkey to get an Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) Certificate after Turkish Airlines

As a result of this initiative launched in the last quarter of 2018, SunExpress, a joint venture of Turkish Airlines and Lufthansa, has obtained the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO)

Certificate by fulfilling all ©©SunExpress the necessary obligations in September 2020. internationally recognized Operator is one of the positive contribution to valid status provided to main elements of the operational capabilities, SunExpress is the second reliable companies that international foreign trade competitiveness in company in the Turkish fulfill customs obligations, structure. international markets aviation industry to gain have a regular and as well as a significant this status following The Authorized Economic traceable registration increase in brand value Turkish Airlines, while in Operator certificate system, are able to meet and reliability. Antalya the airline has enables SunExpress to financial competence managed to become take advantage of status Currently, there are and safety standards and one of four companies privileges in the countries 19,001 companies in the perform auto control. This operating in the logistics covered under the mutual European Union region and status provides companies sector authorized with the recognition agreement 11,605 companies in the with many privileges and respective certificate. as well as time and United States that have convenience in customs cost savings in import qualified for the AEO Authorized Economic practices. Therefore, the and export processes, certification. Operator Status is an Authorized Economic Turkish Cargo, From China to Brazil Turkish Cargo, which the largest city in South provides services to America, through Istanbul. 127 countries, carried During the pandemic COVID-19 vaccines 17 period, Turkish Cargo thousand kilometers has carried medicine away, from China to Brazil. all over the world, and COVID-19 vaccines, has achieved more than loaded in 7 containers with 50% in growth in drug special cooling systems, shipments during this were transported from period. Beijing to Sao Paulo, ©©Turkish Cargo

101 NEWS

WMO and IATA Agree to Improve Aircraft Meteorological Reporting

The International Air ©©IATA Transport Association (IATA) and World Meteorological Organization have signed an agreement to increase and improve the automated reporting of meteorological data by commercial aircraft.

The new initiative, called the WMO and IATA Collaborative AMDAR Program (WICAP), aims to expand the existing WMO have tried to offset this quality weather forecasts The AMDAR system Aircraft Meteorological loss, but there has been and other meteorological has made a positive Data Relay (AMDAR) a measurable negative information that results contribution and system to ensure coverage impact on the accuracy from the improved improvement to weather over data-sparse areas. of weather forecasts as availability of AMDAR forecasts. These are vital It is expected to bring a result of AMDAR data data,” said de Juniac. to airline and aviation reductions,” said Professor efficiency and safety in many additional and The AMDAR observing Taalas. an era when the industry new partner airlines system produces over is striving to make flying into the program, which “Safety is aviation’s 800,000 high-quality more sustainable and limit is already supported highest priority and observations per day of its contribution to climate by approximately 40 ensuring airlines and air temperature and wind change. airlines and covers several other safety stakeholders speed and direction, thousand passenger and have access to the most together with the required Under the new WICAP cargo aircraft. comprehensive and positional and temporal collaboration, the “One of the many reliable weather forecast information, and with WMO community will unfortunate aspects of data is vital to achieving an increasing number of take on the role of the COVID-19 crisis has this,” said Alexandre de humidity and turbulence establishing a regionally been the severe loss – of Juniac, IATA’s Director measurements being based operational up to 90% - of aircraft- General and CEO. made. framework for reception and processing of the derived meteorological “It is important that This information data. The IATA will be data as a result of the in rebuilding and re- is provided to responsible for promoting steep decline in airline establishing their meteorological agencies airline participation in operations and passenger operations, airlines are and computerized the program and help flights since March 2020,” able to take advantage weather prediction coordinate technical said WMO Secretary- of all available cost and systems. These in turn solutions for data relay, General Professor Petteri operational efficiencies. support the generation while protecting the Taalas. One such efficiency of forecast and weather airlines’ ownership of the can be derived from the service products for “Meteorological services data. and other data providers enhanced use of better- aviation.

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