Assainissement, Changement De Comportement Et Eau Pour Le Sénégal (Acces) Activity Midterm Performance Evaluation
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ASSAINISSEMENT, CHANGEMENT DE COMPORTEMENT ET EAU POUR LE SÉNÉGAL (ACCES) ACTIVITY MIDTERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FEBRUARY 2019 THIS PUBLICATION WAS PRODUCED AT THE REQUEST OF THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. IT WAS PREPARED INDEPENDENTLY BY SADIO COULIBALY, DANIEL COPELAND, SAFYATOU DIALLO, ABDOULAYE FAYE AND ALY TOUNKARA, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, A TETRA TECH COMPANY, FOR THE USAID/SENEGAL MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROJECT. i MIDTERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE ACCES ACTIVITY February 2019 Contracted under AID-685-C-15-00003 USAID/Senegal Mission-Wide Monitoring and Evaluation Project (MEP) DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this study/report/website are the sole responsibility of the contractor and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. ii CONTENTS ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 1 I. EVALUATION PURPOSE AND EVALUATION QUESTIONS ................... 9 I.I. EVALUATION PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 9 I.2. EVALUATION QUESTIONS (EQS) .............................................................................................................. 9 II. ACTIVITY BACKGROUND ........................................................................... 10 II.1. WASH IN SENEGAL ..................................................................................................................................... 10 II.2. ACCES SENEGAL .......................................................................................................................................... 10 III. EVALUATION METHODS AND LIMITATIONS ...................................... 11 III.1. DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS ............................................................ 11 III.2. LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 13 IV. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................... 14 IV.1. EVALUATION QUESTION 1: PERFORMANCE ................................................................................. 14 IV.2 EVALUATION QUESTION 2: VALUE ADDED ................................................................................... 23 IV.3. EVALUATION QUESTION 3: SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................... 28 IV.4. EVALUATION QUESTION 4: RESOURCES ........................................................................................ 32 V. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 36 FOR ACCES ............................................................................................................................................................ 36 FOR USAID ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 FOR DA/MHA ........................................................................................................................................................ 38 ANNEX I: FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS MATRIX ................................. 40 ANNEX II: RECOMMENDATIONS MATRIX .................................................. 48 ANNEX III: EVALUATION STATEMENT OF WORK ................................... 70 ANNEX IV: DESK REVIEW ................................................................................ 81 ANNEX V: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS ........................................ 97 ANNEX VI: SOURCES OF INFORMATION .................................................. 119 ANNEX VII: DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ..................... 122 ANNEX VIII: WORK PLAN .............................................................................. 126 ANNEX IX: ACCES COMMUNES AND VILLAGES ..................................... 149 ANNEX X: COMPLETE INTERVIEW LIST ................................................... 156 ANNEX XI: COMPLETE FOCUS GROUP LIST ............................................ 169 ANNEX XII: LIST OF INTERVIEW CODES .................................................. 170 ANNEX XIII: MARKETPLACE CONNECTIONS .......................................... 171 ANNEX XIV: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE FIELD ........................... 174 ANNEX XV: REFERENCE FOR ADS CHAPTER 201 ................................... 178 iii ACRONYMS ACCES Assainissement, Changement de Comportement et Eau pour le Sénégal (Sanitation, Behavior Change and Water for Senegal) ACRA Associazione di Cooperazione Rurale in Africa e America Latina ADEMAS Agence pour le Développement du Marketing Social (Agency for the Development of Social Marketing) AMELP Activity Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan AMS Association des Maires du Sénégal (Association of Mayors of Senegal) ARD Agence Régionale de Développement (Regional Development Agency) ASUFOR Association des Usagers des Forages (Association of Borehole Users) BCC Behavior Change Communication BDS Business Development Services BRH Brigade Régionale d’Hygiène (Regional Hygiene Brigade) CBP Community-Based Promotor CFA Communauté Financière Africaine (West African Franc) CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitation (“ATPC” in French) CMS Crédit Mutuel du Sénégal COP Chief of Party COR Contracting Officer’s Representative (USAID) CRS Catholic Relief Services CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CSV Comité de Suivi Villageois (Village Monitoring Committee) DA Direction de l'Assainissement (Directorate of Sanitation) DCOP Deputy Chief of Party DGPRE Direction de la Gestion et de la Planification des Ressources en Eau (Directorate of Water Resources Monitoring and Planning) DH Direction de l’Hydraulique (Directorate of Hydraulics) DHS Demographic and Health Survey DLV Double Latrine Ventilée (Dual-Pit, Vented Latrine) iv DRH Division Régionale de l’Hydraulique (Regional Direction of Hydraulics) EGO Economic Growth Office EQ Evaluation Question EU European Union FG Focus Group GD Group Discussion GOLD Governance for Local Development GOS Government of Senegal HCD Human-Centered Design HH Household JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JMP Joint Monitoring Program (WHO and UNICEF) KII Key Informant Interview LV Latrine Ventilée (Ventilated Latrine) MA Market Approach M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MBS Market-Based Sanitation MDG Millennium Development Goal MEP USAID/Senegal Monitoring & Evaluation Project MFI Microfinance Institution MHA Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de l’Assainissement (Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation) MOU Memorandum of Understanding MSI Management Systems International MUS Multiple Use Water Service NRCE Natural Resources Consulting Engineers, Inc. ODF Open-Defecation Free OFOR Office des Forages Ruraux (Office of Rural Boreholes) ONAS Office National de l'Assainissement du Sénégal (National Office of Sanitation of Senegal) v ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy PAD Project Appraisal Document PBC Promoteur de Base Communautaire PEPAM Programme d'Eau Potable et d'Assainissement du Millénaire (Drinking Water and Sanitation Millennium Program) PSI Population Services International SA Sales Agent SENWASH USAID/Senegal Water, Sanitation and Hygiene SILC Savings and Internal Lending Community SNAR Stratégie Nationale de l’Assainissement Rural au Sénégal (National Strategy for Rural Sanitation in Senegal) SNH Service National de l'Hygiène (National Hygiene Service) SP Service Provider SRA Service Régional de l’Assainissement (Regional Sanitation Service) TCM Toilette à Chasse Manuelle (Manual-Flush Toilet) UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID U.S. Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WASHPaLs Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability WHO World Health Organization vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report summarizes the midterm performance evaluation of the Sanitation, Behavior Change, and Water for Senegal (Assainissement, Changement de Comportement et Eau pour le Sénégal, ACCES) activity from its inception through December 2018. It describes the findings and conclusions of the evaluation team’s desk review of key documents and field research and offers recommendations, jointly developed with key stakeholders, that can improve activity performance. EVALUATION PURPOSE The purpose of this midterm performance evaluation is to determine how well ACCES is meeting its intended objectives halfway through its implementation period and to make recommendations on approaches and management for the final years of the activity. The evaluation’s findings will be used to (1) contribute to learning that will have a positive impact on activity implementation; (2) provide lessons learned that can be shared with other water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) activities in Senegal and across the globe; and (3) supply timely feedback that will inform the design of future USAID/Senegal activities. The intended audience for this evaluation is primarily the USAID/Senegal WASH team in the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Economic Growth Office (EGO). Other key interested parties include Senegal’s