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Röhrenaale Im Aquarium Des Hauses Der Natur 11 ©Haus der Natur, Salzburg, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Röhrenaale im Aquarium des Hauses der Natur 11 Dr. Inge Wich Heteroconger hassi (links) und Gorgasia preclara (rechts) Röhrenaale (Unterfamilie Heterocongri- Populationsgröße und - dichte: hassi erkennbar. Allerdings wurde im nae) sind hochspezialisierte Fische, die 8 Individuen pro Quadratmeter, davon Tagesverlauf nie beobachtet, dass eine weltweit in tropischen Meeren auf Sand- 13 Heteroconger hassi und 5 Gorgasia Wohnröhre verlassen wurde. Es wird grund vom Flachwasser bis in 50 m Tiefe preclara. daher vermutet, dass neue Wohnröhren leben. Die Kolonien können bis zu 5000 während der Nacht angelegt werden. Individuen erreichen (CLARK 1980 und Verteilungsmuster: Die Röhrenaale passen sehr genau in CLARK et al 1990). Röhrenaale bauen Die Verteilung der Wohnröhren ist mit ihre leicht gekurvt angelegte Wohnröh- sich im Sand senkrechte Röhren, die einer maximalen Distanz von 40 cm re (siehe Abb. 2). mit kurzen Stoßbewegungen mit dem und einer minimalen Distanz von 2 cm spitzen, harten Schwanzende gegraben zueinander ungleichmäßig (Abb. 1). Populationsstruktur, Reproduktion werden (FRICKE 1970). Hautdrüsen Manchmal wird eine neue Wohnröhre und Verhalten: produzieren ein Sekret, mit dem die gebaut. Ein solcher Positionswechsel ist Die meiste Zeit sind mindestens drei, Wohnröhre verfestigt wird (CASIMIR an dem individuell erkennbaren Zeich- meistens aber vier oder fünf Päarchen et al. 1971). Bei Gefahr ziehen sie sich nungsmuster speziell bei Heteroconger von Röhrenaalen sichtbar. Die Loch- blitzschnell in die Röhre zurück. Als distanz von Männchen und Weibchen Planktonfresser sind Röhrenaale auf beträgt 2 - 12 cm. Röhrenaale haben eine ständige Strömung angewiesen. pelagische Leptocephalus-Larven Aus dieser schnappen sie sich mit wie- (SMITH 2002). Im Allgemeinen ist über genden Bewegungen tierische Kleinst- die Reproduktion dieser Fische sowohl lebewesen. in menschlicher Obhut als auch in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung wenig bekannt. Das Vor allem während der Reproduktions- Röhrenaal-Aquarium im phase verteidigen die Männchen ihre Haus der Natur Territorien gegenüber benachbarten Seit Dezember 2005 lebt eine Popu- Aalen mit Drohgebärden und manch- lation von Röhrenaalen bestehend H = Heteroconger hassi G = Gorgasia preclara mal auch mit aggressiven Bissen aus Heteroconger hassi und Gorgasia Abb. 1 : Verteilungsmuster von Heteroconger mit weit geöffnetem Mund. Das Licht preclara im Aquarium des Hauses der hassi und Gorgasia preclara im Aquarium steuert die Aktivität der Röhrenaale, Natur. (September 2006) 17. Folge 2006 ©Haus der Natur, Salzburg, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at die ausschließlich tagaktiv sind. Wenn Eiweißabschäume. Kapazität 90 I vol.; 12 sie fressen, so ist der Großteil des Durchfluss: 60 l/min schwingenden Körpers sichtbar. Die Strömung: laminar, horizontal; 70 l/min Nacht verbringen sie zurückgezogen im und 60 l/min Sand. Beleuchtung: HQI D-250W, 5600 Kel- Ernährung: vin; 2x T5, 39 Watt (red 4000 Kelvin); Als Planktonfresser werden sie im 12 Stunden am Tag Aquarium drei bis viermal täglich mit Sandgrund: 30-35 cm tiefer Sand; Artemia und Mysis gefüttert, lebend Bodenschicht 10 cm, 2-3 mm Körnung, und/oder auch mit Frostfutter. mittler Schicht 10 cm, 3-5 mm Körnung, Die Begleitfauna des Röhrenaal- oberste Schicht 10 cm, 1-3 mm Kör- Aquariums: nung Die Röhrenaale sind mit verschiedenen Durchflussrate (total): 130 l/min Wirbellosen-Arten, wie z.B. diverse Weichkorallen und Echindermata, wie Zusammenfassung z. B. Diadema setosum und Archaster Röhrenaale sind interessante Aquari- typicus, vergesellschaftet. Letztens ge- mm enfische für Großaquarien. Ein speziell nannter Seestern ist für die Bearbeitung des Sandgrundes sehr wichtig. Außer- dafür adaptiertes Aquarium (tiefes dem befindet sich im tiefen Sandgrund Sandbeet, spezielle Stömung, ausrei- eine reichhaltige spezielle Wirbellosen- chende Grundfläche) ist Vorausset- gemeinschaft. zung, um eine erfolgreiche Haltung zu gewährleisten. Technische Daten des Aquariums Die Aggression während der Fortpflan- Fassungsvermögen: 2000 I; Salinität: zungsperiode kann zum Problem wer- 00 34/ ; Temperatur: 25-27 °C den. Filter: biologischer Filter mit Biobällen Für die Besucher ist das Röhrenaal- und Marmorsplitt Aquarium ein spezielles Highlight. Abb. 2: Röhre von Heteroconger hassi nach TYLER & SMITH, (1992) Literatur CASIMIR, M.J. und H. W. FRICKE (1971): Zur Funktion, Morphologie und Histochemie der Schwanzdrüse bei Röhrenaalen (Pisces, Apodes, Heterocongridae): Marine Biology 9: 339-346. CLARK, E.: Distribution, mobility and behavior of the Red Sea garden eel. National Geographic research reports. 12 (1980): 91-102. CLARK, E., J. F. POHLE und D.C. SHEN (1990): Ecology and population dynamics of garden eels at Ras Mohammed, Red Sea. National Geographic research. 6 (3): 306-318. FRICKE, H. W. (1970): Ökologische und verhaltensbiologische Beobachtungen an den Röhrenaalen Gorgasia sillneri und Taenioconger hassi (Pisces, Apodes, Heterogongrindae). Zeitschrift Tierpsychol. Vol. 27 (9): 1076-1099. SMITH, D.G. (2002): Larvae of the garden eel genue Gorgasia (Congridae, Heterocongrinae) from the western Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of marine science. 70(3): 831-836. TYLER, J.C. und CL. SMITH (1992): Systematic significance of the burroww form of seven species od garden eels (Congridae: Heterocongrinae). American Mus. Novitates. 3037:13pp. Mitteilungen aus dem HAUS DER NATUR.
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