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Fiscal and Military Developments in Hungary During the Jagello Period
Fiscal and Military Developments in Hungary during the Jagello Period MARTYN RADY Introduction There can scarcely be many occasions when a single article not only challenges most contemporary scholarship on a historical period but also obliges a reconsid- eration of views and opinions held for almost half a millennium. This achieve- ment belongs to a young Czech scholar, who in the course of his research on late- fifteenth and early-sixteenth-century Hungary has found and published several neglected manuscripts relating to the size and composition of the Hungarian ar- my at the time of Mohács. In the journal Hadtörténelmi Közlemények,1 Antonín Ka- lous draws attention to new evidence relating to Hungarian participation in the battle and to the losses sustained, as well as to a description of the royal army as it processed ceremonially from Buda on 20 July, 1526, little more than a month before its fatal engagement. Although Kalous eschews analysis of the figures and descriptions given in the sources he has uncovered, the evidence he presents has the following implica- tions. First, and as some historians have already argued, it is plain that the Hun- garian army was of substantial size by contemporary standards, numbering, even though not at full strength, some 25,000 combatants by the time of the battle.2 Secondly, it had been adjusted to fight the Turks by the inclusion in its ranks not only of hussars but also of a significant number of infantry. The ratio of cavalry to * The present essay is partly based on the author's introductory essay to The Laws of Hungary, 1490-1526, ed. -
Nato Enlargement and Central Europe a Study in Cml-Military Relations Nato Enlargement and Central Europe a Study in Cml-Military Relations
NATO ENLARGEMENT AND CENTRAL EUROPE A STUDY IN CML-MILITARY RELATIONS NATO ENLARGEMENT AND CENTRAL EUROPE A STUDY IN CML-MILITARY RELATIONS by Jeffrey Simon 1996 Institute For National Strategic Studies National Defense University National Defense University Press Publications To increase general knowledge and inform discussion, the Institute for National Strategic Studies, through its publication arm the NDU Press, publishes McNair Papers; proceedings of University- and Institute-sponsored symposia; books relating to U.S. national security, especially to issues of joint, combined, or coalition warfare, peacekeeping operations, and national strategy; and a variety of briefer works designed to circulate contemporary comment and offer alternatives to current poli- cy. The Press occasionally publishes out-of-print defense classics, historical works, and other especially timely or distinguished writing on national security. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are sole- ly those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. Government agency. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. Many NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Otiice. For ordering information, call (202) 783-3238 or write to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Oflqce, Washington, DC 20402. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Simon,Jeffrey, 1942- NATO enlargement and Central Europe: a study in civil-military relations / Jeffrey Simon. -
Census of the Jewish Population of Stara Sil in 1764 85
Census of the Jewish population of Stara Sil in 1764 85 UDC 94(=411.16)(477.83):314.116"1764" DOI: 10.24919/2312-2595.5/47.217796 Леся СМУТОК кандидат історичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри всесвітньої історії та спеціальних історичних дисциплін, Дрогобицький державний педаго- гічний університет імені Івана Франкa, вул. Івана Франка, 24, м. Дрогобич, Україна, індекс 82100 ([email protected]) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-2258 Ярослав ЛИСЕЙКО кандидат історичних наук, асистент кафедри історії України та етнокомунікацій, Національний університет «Львівська політехніка», вул. Митрополита Андрея, 3, 4-корпус, м. Львів, Україна, індекс 79016 ([email protected]) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-7221 Ігор СМУТОК доктор історичних наук, доцент, професор кафедри всесвітньої історії та спеціальних історичних дисциплін, Дрогобицький державний педаго- гічний університет імені Івана Франкa, вул. Івана Франка, 24, м. Дрогобич, Україна, індекс 82100 ([email protected]) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5430-163X Бібліографічний опис статті: Smutоk, L., Lyseyko, Ya., & Smutok, I. (2020). Census of the Jewish population of Stara Sil in 1764. Проблеми гуманітарних наук: збірник наукових праць Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету імені Івана Франка. Серія Історія, 5/47, 85–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.5/47.217796. ПОІМЕННИЙ ПЕРЕПИС ЄВРЕЙСЬКОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ СТАРОЇ СОЛІ 1764 р. Анотація. Мета дослідження – впровадження до наукового обігу документального джерела середини XVIII ст., зокрема по- іменного перепису єврейського населення міста Старої Солі у Пере- © Lesia Smutok, Yaroslav Lyseyko, Ihor Smutоk, 2020 ISSN 2312-2595 (Print) ISSN 2664-3715 (Online) 86 Lesia Smutok, Yaroslav Lyseyko, Ihor Smutоk мишльській землі 1765 р. Методологія ґрунтується на принципах історизму й використанням підходів, властивих дослідженню мікроісторії, історії локальних соціальних груп. -
University of Alberta
University of Alberta Making Magyars, Creating Hungary: András Fáy, István Bezerédj and Ödön Beöthy’s Reform-Era Contributions to the Development of Hungarian Civil Society by Eva Margaret Bodnar A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics © Eva Margaret Bodnar Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract The relationship between magyarization and Hungarian civil society during the reform era of Hungarian history (1790-1848) is the subject of this dissertation. This thesis examines the cultural and political activities of three liberal oppositional nobles: András Fáy (1786-1864), István Bezerédj (1796-1856) and Ödön Beöthy (1796-1854). These three men were chosen as the basis of this study because of their commitment to a two- pronged approach to politics: they advocated greater cultural magyarization in the multiethnic Hungarian Kingdom and campaigned to extend the protection of the Hungarian constitution to segments of the non-aristocratic portion of the Hungarian population. -
Voluntary Associations in Košice, Slovakia – an Introduction to the Subject of Associations and Their Activities*
STUDIA HISTORYCZNE527 R. LVI 2013, Z. 4 (224) PL ISSN 0025-1429 Zlatica Sáposová VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN KOŠICE, SLOVAKIA – AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT OF ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES* Abstract This study presents a concise overview of significant works dealing with the research of voluntary associations in Košice written by Slovak and Hungarian scholars. It hints at abundance of archival sources that have not been investigated yet. The study also draws attention to the fact that an analysis of association activities in Košice at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century belongs to the realm of very sensitive questions in both historiographies due to its involvement in ethnic issues. Key Words: Historiography, associations, bourgeoisie, societies. Słowa kluczowe: historiografia, stowarzyszenia, burżuazja, towarzystwa. A brief description of the necessity of researching associations In the Kingdom of Hungary, the bourgeoisie formed in a complex and differ- entiated process. Compared to the countries of Western Europe, the Industrial Revolution arrived here half a century later; nevertheless, the country did its best to make up for lost time by modernizing and reforming the structure of society in general. The changes in the Kingdom of Hungary did not happen all at once and at the same level of intensity. While Budapest became a large city in a short time, some rural regions remained untouched. The traditional culture changed in some locations; in others it just touched some sectors of culture (interior design, fash- ion, mindset, mentality, etc.). There were two social strata living next to each oth- er: the modern stratum, still in formation (working class, the petite bourgeoisie * This paper was created within the project VEGA 1/0101/12: Historical Places in Košice (Historical Breakthroughs and Institutions), Miesta pamäti Košíc I. -
Polish Battles and Campaigns in 13Th–19Th Centuries
POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 Scientific editors: Ph. D. Grzegorz Jasiński, Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Reviewers: Ph. D. hab. Marek Dutkiewicz, Ph. D. hab. Halina Łach Scientific Council: Prof. Piotr Matusak – chairman Prof. Tadeusz Panecki – vice-chairman Prof. Adam Dobroński Ph. D. Janusz Gmitruk Prof. Danuta Kisielewicz Prof. Antoni Komorowski Col. Prof. Dariusz S. Kozerawski Prof. Mirosław Nagielski Prof. Zbigniew Pilarczyk Ph. D. hab. Dariusz Radziwiłłowicz Prof. Waldemar Rezmer Ph. D. hab. Aleksandra Skrabacz Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Prof. Lech Wyszczelski Sketch maps: Jan Rutkowski Design and layout: Janusz Świnarski Front cover: Battle against Theutonic Knights, XVI century drawing from Marcin Bielski’s Kronika Polski Translation: Summalinguæ © Copyright by Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita, 2016 © Copyright by Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości, 2016 ISBN 978-83-65409-12-6 Publisher: Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości Contents 7 Introduction Karol Olejnik 9 The Mongol Invasion of Poland in 1241 and the battle of Legnica Karol Olejnik 17 ‘The Great War’ of 1409–1410 and the Battle of Grunwald Zbigniew Grabowski 29 The Battle of Ukmergė, the 1st of September 1435 Marek Plewczyński 41 The -
KRONIKA WARSZAWY Pozycja Ukazała Się Dzięki Pomocy Finansowej Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy
KRONIKA WARSZAWY Pozycja ukazała się dzięki pomocy finansowej Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy NA OKŁADCE: I s. – Widok na Wisłę, w tle Stadion Narodowy, 2011, fot. M. Ostrowski; IV s. – Portret Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Obchody Roku Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2011 RECENZENCI: prof. Maria Nietyksza Andrzej Sołtan TŁUMACZENIE: Katarzyna Jaskólska-Węgierek REDAKCJA: Violetta Urbaniak WYDAWCY: Archiwum Państwowe m.st. Warszawy, Krzywe Koło 7, 00-270 Warszawa, tel. (22) 831-37-31; Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Archiwum Państwowego m.st. Warszawy ISSN 0137-3099 © Copyright by Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Archiwum Państwowego m.st. Warszawy i Archiwum Państwowe m.st. Warszawy, 2011 KOMITET REDAKCYJNY: Ryszard Wojtkowski – redaktor naczelny, Aleksandra Sołtan-Lip ska – sekretarz, Małgorzata Sikorska RADA PROGRAMOWA: prof. Andrzej Rottermund – przewodniczący, Joanna Wojciechow- ska, prof. dr Janusz Durko, Hanna Faryna-Paszkiewicz, prof. dr hab. Ryszard Kołodziejczyk, Je- rzy Majewski, Andrzej Jonas, prof. Andrzej Karpiński, prof. zw. dr hab. Jan Maciej Chmielewski, prof. dr hab. Julian Auleytner OPRACOWANIE TECHNICZNE: Zakład Poligraficzny PRIMUM ____________ Nakład 500 egz. Druk: Zakład Poligraficzny PRIMUM s.c. ul. Marsa 20, Kozerki, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki 2 KRONIKA 146 2011 WARSZAWY Archiwum Państwowe m.st. Warszawy Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Archiwum Państwowego m.st. Warszawy PL ISSN 0137-3099 SPIS TREŚCI Artykuły i materiały Agnieszka Dąbrowska, Warszawskie elegantki. O wzorcach elegancji i ich naśladownictwie w damskiej modzie w Warszawie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku .......................5 Krzysztof Jaszczyński, „Barbarzyństwo czy nieudolność” – o nalotach lotnictwa radzieckiego na Warszawę w latach 1941-1943. .....................................................................15 Julian Borkowski, Dwa powstańcze listy z harcerską lilijką .....................................................27 Zbigniew Tucholski, Straty wojenne i zniszczenie Muzeum Komunikacji w Warszawie ...........39 Stefan Artymowski, Repatrianci w OW Warszawa. -
Conyentlonal Forces and Arms Limitation in Europe
UNIDIR/88/22/Rev2 UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva — ^ UNITED NATIONS < BIPASXIIENI f o r DISABUftMSNI AJVAULS befbsbhce L in m ^ f Conyentlonal forces and arms limitation in Europe Report by the French Institute for International Relations (IFRI) prepared under the direction of Pierre Lellouche and Jirome Paolini UNITED NATIONS New York, 1989 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication dp not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ♦ * * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. UNIDIR/88/22/Rev.2 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. GV.E.89.0.6 ISBN 92-9045-036-3 02400P i i i ^ ^ UNITED HATKHIS OlPARiaiENI FOR DISAMMMSNI AFFAIB8 ^ BEBKEUCE LUSAiOC^ PREFACE ^ ...... In paragraphs 81 and 82 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General As- sembly, the most comprehensive consensus statement on disarmament formulated to date by the international community , it was considered that "Together with negotiations on nuclear disarma- ment measures, the limitation and gradual reduction of armed fcnrces and conventional weapons should be resolutely pursued within the framework of progress towards general and complete disar- mament". States with larger military arsenals were especially urged to pursue such endeavours and Europe was specifically singled out as a priority region of the globe where agreement on mutual reductions and limitations of military potential could greatly contribute to the enhancement of international peace and security. -
978-3-631-82966-0 Downloaded from Pubfactory at 09/30/2020 04:51
Zbigniew Tucholski - 978-3-631-82966-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/30/2020 04:51:29PM by [email protected] via Peter Lang AG and [email protected] Zbigniew Tucholski - 978-3-631-82966-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/30/2020 04:51:29PM by [email protected] via Peter Lang AG and [email protected] Polish State Railways as a Mode of Transport for Troops of the Warsaw Pact Zbigniew Tucholski - 978-3-631-82966-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/30/2020 04:51:29PM by [email protected] via Peter Lang AG and [email protected] GESCHICHTE - ERINNERUNG – POLITIK STUDIES IN HISTORY, MEMORY AND POLITICS Edited by Anna Wolff-Pow ska & Piotr Forecki ę Volume 35 Zbigniew Tucholski - 978-3-631-82966-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/30/2020 04:51:29PM by [email protected] via Peter Lang AG and [email protected] GESCHICHTE - ERINNERUNG – POLITIK Zbigniew Tucholski STUDIES IN HISTORY, MEMORY AND POLITICS Edited by Anna Wolff-Pow ska & Piotr Forecki ę Polish State Railways as a Mode of Volume 35 Transport for Troops of the Warsaw Pact Technology in Service of a Doctrine Translated by Marek Ciesielski Zbigniew Tucholski - 978-3-631-82966-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/30/2020 04:51:29PM by [email protected] via Peter Lang AG and [email protected] Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. -
Oral History Interviews with Polish Generals
PARALLEL HISTORY PROJECT ON NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT (PHP) Oral History Interviews with Polish Generals From right: GDR Defense Minister H. Hoffmann, Polish Premier Gen. W. Jaruzelski, Warsaw Pact Commander in Chief V. Kulikov, and ČSSR Defense Minister M. Dzúr discussing Warsaw Pact Maneuvers in Poland, March 1981 (Gamma Liaison, F. Lochon). PHP Publications Series Washington, D.C. / Zurich September 2002 This publication is part of a publications series by the Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP). The PHP provides new scholarly perspectives on contemporary international history by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting formerly secret governmental documents. Since its establishment in 1999, the project has collected thousands of pages of material on security-related issues of the Cold War, published a large number of online documentaries on central issues such as mutual threat perceptions and alliance management, and organized several major international conferences on war planning, intelligence, and intra- bloc tensions. Further information is provided at the PHP Website: www.isn.ethz.ch/php. Parallel History Project (PHP) Oral History Interviews with Polish Generals Table of Contents 1. Warsaw Pact Generals in Polish Uniforms, by Vojtech Mastny ............................... 2 2. Topical Excerpts in English of the Oral History Interviews with Polish Generals...... 5 2.1 Personalities. From Stalin's Prisoners to Communist Generals ......................... 5 2.2 Stalin and His Legacy. Offensive Plan in 1950? ................................................ 9 2.3 The Chain of Command. The Soviet General Staff and the Warsaw Pact ....... 13 2.4 Preparing for War. The Strategic Doctrine....................................................... 20 2.5 Nuclear Delusions. Soviet Weapons in Poland............................................... -
Tracing the Crimes in Praga
Śladami zbrodni na Pradze Tracing the Crimes in Praga Odkrywanie kart historii warszawskiej Pragi OPRACOWANIE: MIESIĘCZNIK POPULARNONAUKOWY 00-545 Warszawa, ul. Marszałkowska 58 lok. 24 00-545 Warszawa, ul. Marszałkowska 58 lok. 24 tel. 22 891 01 62, fax 22 891 01 62 tel./fax 22 622 46 63 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] http://www.fundacja-hereditas.pl http://www.spotkania-z-zabytkami.pl Egzemplarz bezpłatny NA OKŁADCE: Nakład 6000 egz. Wejście na strych budynku przy ul. 11 Listopada 68 (kordegarda) – w latach czterdziestych była tu siedziba Warszawa 2014 trybunału NKWD (fot. Marcin Łaszczyński) Ten projekt został zrealizowany przy wsparciu fi nansowym Komisji Europejskiej w ramach programu Europa dla Obywateli. Publikacja odzwierciedla jedynie stanowisko autora i Komisja Europejska nie ponosi Partner projektu odpowiedzialności za umieszczoną zawartość merytoryczną m.st. Warszawa Dzielnica Praga-Północ rojekt „Odkrywanie kart historii warszawskiej Pragi”, realizowany przez Fundację Hereditas w okre- sie 1 stycznia – 31 grudnia 2014 r., jest kontynuacją i uzupełnieniem poprzedniej edycji, którą prze- Pprowadzono pod tytułem „Losy warszawskiej Pragi w latach nazizmu i stalinizmu”. Głównym celem zadania jest ukazanie mniej znanych faktów z powojennej historii warszawskiej Pragi, w tym upamiętnienie miejsc zbrodni nazistowskich. W ramach projektu realizowane są działania: Przygotowanie filmu dokumentalnego, ukazującego miejsca pamięci, kaźni i męczeństwa w obrębie Pragi, uzupełnionego relacjami świadków i archiwalnymi zdjęciami. Przygotowanie witryny internetowej z wirtualnym spacerem, w skład której wejdą rozszerzone infor- macje dotyczące obiektów kaźni na Pradze. Elementem witryny będzie interaktywna mapa z zaznaczonymi obiektami. Dodatkowo na portalu pojawią się fragmenty wspomnianego wyżej filmu dokumentalnego. Por- tal przewidziany jest w dwóch wersjach językowych (język polski i angielski). -
KH2018 Ang2-II
Kwartalnik Historyczny Vol. CXXV, 2018 Eng.-Language Edition no. 2, pp. 69–85 PL ISSN 0023-5903 JAROSŁAW PAŁKA History Meeting House, Warsaw THE VISTULA PROGRAMME. NUCLEAR WEAPONS FOR THE POLISH PEOPLE’S ARMY IN CASE OF WAR Abstract: During the Cold War (most certainly in 1970–90) nuclear weapons were stored in Poland under the strict control of the Soviet Army. In case of war these weapons were to have been made available to Polish Army units. Keywords: Polish People’s Army, Warsaw Pact, nuclear weapons, Cold War, Vistula Programme, Soviet Army. The concept of using the Polish Armed Forces in an armed conflict dur- ing the Cold War stemmed from the Soviet Union’s military doctrine. Although the strategic plans of the Soviets have not been made public, 1 we can certainly say that it was an offensive doctrine. It was influenced by the experience of the Second World War, development of the post- -war art of war as well as technological developments, primarily the emergence of huge amounts of nuclear weapons in both the West and the East. To put it briefly, the doctrine provided for a powerful nuclear missile attack on the enemy’s military and industrial facilities as well as a launch of offensive operations on land and sea to crush the enemy’s 2 armed forces completely and seize its territory. Thus nuclear weapons were to play a decisive role in the conflict — as was also defined by the 3 United States, which was also expanding its nuclear weapon arsenal. 1 Jerzy M.Nowak, Od hegemonii do agonii.Upadek Układu Warszawskiego — polska per- spektywa,Warsaw,2011,pp.46,226.