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Home , Montagnea, Montagnea arenaria

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Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 42, No. 2, 244-246, 2006 Copyright 2006 College of Arts and Sciences western USA (Rauschert 1964; Chen 1999). University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez Additionally, M. arenaria was reported from sandy soil from Cienfuegos and Montanegra arenaria Guantánamo in Cuba by Kreisel (1971) and Minter et al. (2001) reported the same taxon (Agaricaeceae, Basiodiomyocota), in Cuba under the name M. radiosa. There a New Record for Puerto Rico are no other known reports of this from the Caribbean. ÁNGEL M. NIEVES-RIVERA1,* AND MARY While accompanying a paleontological CATHERINE AIME.21Department of Marine survey team to El Rayo Formation Ј Ј Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box (18°01.640 N, 66° 55.571 W, 100 m in eleva- 9013, Mayagüez, PR 00681-9013. 2USDA- tion; Late Cretaceous in age) in eastern ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Labora- Sabana Grande (Martínez Colón 2003), one tory, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 319, BARC-West, 10300 of us (AMNR) found several specimens of Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705. M. arenaria that are herein reported as a [email protected]. *Corresponding author: new record for Puerto Rico. The lifezone is [email protected] classified as subtropical dry forest (dry- volcanic-sedimentary-limestone) according to the Holdrige system and the new map- ABSTRACT.—The euagaric arenaria ping system (Helmer et al. 2002). () is reported from a dry region of southwestern Puerto Rico. This is a new record for DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence Puerto Rico, and only the second record of this fun- analysis.—Sequences were obtained from gus in the Caribbean. The Puerto Rican material is dried material from BPI 843720 (deposited completely described and illustrated, and a brief in the U.S. National Fungus Collections, taxonomic discussion provided. Beltsville, MD), and extracted with the UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation kit as per KEYWORDS.—Montagnea, , basidiomyce- the manufacturer’s instructions (MoBio tes, desert gasteromycete, xeric forest, West Indies, Laboratories, Inc., Solana Beach, CA). The Caribbean nuclear DNA coding for the large (25S) ri- bosomal subunit was amplified and se- (DC.) Zeller is a true quenced as described in Aime et al. (2005); desert-adapted gastroid mushroom with a the sequence has been deposited in Gen- subagaricoid, stipitate basidiocarp and a Bank (#DQ177285). powdery gleba, occurring in xeric habitats throughout the world. Members of Montag- Montagnea arenaria (DC.) Zeller, Mycologia nea Fr. have ellipsoid, smooth, dark basid- 35:418, 1943. iospores that are windblown, not forcibly (Fig. 1) discharged like most agarics. Edibility of Montagnea basidiocarps is unknown be- Pileus 12-39 mm in diameter, plane with cause they are usually tough and dry when flattened umbo or sometimes broadly con- they are first seen. The fungus is especially vex, with an undulating, sulcate-striate well adapted for dry and desert environ- margin, minutely pubescent towards the ments and appears to be widespread in center dry, dull, gray brown (Fig. 1). Lamel- these habitats (Rauschert 1964). In the west- lae free, 0.2-0.5 mm in width, regular to ern hemisphere this fungus has been re- crisped, margin eroded, concolorous, black; ported from Argentina (Rauschert 1964), lamellulae of two lengths or tiers. Stipe 24- Brazil (Baseia and Milanez 2002), Mexico’s 81 mm long × 0.3-0.5 cm wide, equal, re- Pacific coast (Chen 1999), and the south- curved squamulose or fibrillose, having a scaly-fibrous ringed volva, light buff to pale true cinnamon at maturity (Fig. 1). ␮ ms. received September 21, 2005; accepted April 4, Spores 3.2-4.9 × 5.3-7.6 m, Q = 1.60, ovoid 2006 to ellipsoid, opaque, smooth, thin-walled, 244 NOTES 245

Fig. 1. Basidiomata of Montagnea arenaria (BPI 843720, side view) collected on sandy soil El Rayo Formation, Sabana Grande, southwestern Puerto Rico. black. Hymenophoral trama more or less lates were able to form dikaryons while regular, narrow with parallel hyphae, 2-12 other isolates from closely-related clades ␮m in diameter. were not (Chen 1999). It is possible that M. Material examined.—PUERTO RICO, El arenaria represents a cryptic com- Rayo Formation, Sabana Grande munici- plex but, at present, there are not enough pality, subtropical dry forest, in sandy soil, molecular and mating data from different Á. M. Nieves-Rivera, M. M. Sánchez and M. arenaria populations to resolve this M. Ruiz-Yantín, 4-IV-2002, BPI 843720 (U.S. question. National Fungus Collections, Beltsville, MD). Comparison of 25S sequences from the Habitat.—Saprotrophic, terrestrial, xero- Puerto Rican material with other published philic, solitary or scattered on alluvial or Montagnea sequences (http://www.ncbi cernoziomic soils in open sunlight. .nlm.nih.gov/) shows that this gene region, Remarks.— Some authors accept as many like the ITS, is variable between isolates. as five different species in the Mon- However, morphologically, this material tagnea Fr. (Kirk et al. 2001), while others cannot be distinguished from M. arenaria. have considered Montagnea to contain a This complex deserves detailed systematic single, hyper-variable species (Chen 1999). revision in order to properly determine Chen (1999) showed considerable variation species limits and whether the Puerto Rican in internal transcribed spacer region rDNA material represents a new species, new va- (ITS) sequences between 24 Montagnea iso- riety, or is part of a single genetically and lates, but recovered ITS clades could not be phenotypically diverse taxon. correlated with either geographic region or morphology. Furthermore, she found that Acknowledgments.—This work was sup- mating-compatibility was also variable— ported in part through University of Puerto some phylogenetically distant haploid iso- Rico Alliance for the Graduate Education 246 NOTES and the Professorate fellowship (NSF/ Chen, C. 1999. Genetical and molecular systematic AGEP-HRD # 0302696). Comments and study on the genus Montagnea Fr., a desert adapted suggestions made to the text by various col- gasteromycete. M.Sc. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Vir- leagues and reviewers are most appreci- ginia. 74 pp. ated. Thanks to María Ruiz-Yantín and Helmer, E. H., O. Ramos, T. del M. López, M. Michelle M. Sánchez (Department of Geol- Quiñones, and W. Díaz. 2002. Mapping the forest ogy, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez) type and land cover of Puerto Rico, a component of for their valuable cooperation during this the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. Caribbean Jour- study. Digitalization of figures was done by nal of Science 38:165-183. Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David, and J. A. Sta- Peter Rocafort (Department of Marine Sci- plers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the ences, University of Puerto Rico, May- Fungi, nineth edition. United Kingdom: CABI In- agüez). Mention of trade names or com- ternational. mercial products in this publication is Kreisel, H. 1971. Clave para la identificacióndelos solely for the purpose of providing specific macromicetos de Cuba. Ciencias, Serie 4, Ciencias information and does not imply recom- Biológicas, Universidad de la Habana 16:1-101. Martínez Colón, M. 2003. Geologic and tectonic his- mendation or endorsement by the U.S. De- tory of the eastern section of the Sabana Grande partment of Agriculture. Quadrangle. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. 109 pp. Minter, D. W., M. Rodríguez Hernández, and J. Mena LITERATURE CITED Portales. 2001. Fungi of the Aime, M. C., R. Vilgalys, and O. K. Miller, Jr. 2005. The Caribbean: an annotated checklist. United Kingdom: Crepidotaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): Phy- PDMS Publishing. logeny and of the genera and revision of Rauschert, S. 1964. Montagnea arenaria (DC. ex Fries) the family based on molecular evidence. American Zeller, ein für Deutschland neuer steppenpilz. Journal of Botany 92:74-82. Westfälische Pilzbriefe 5:1-13. Baseia, I. G., and A. I. Milanez. 2002. Montagnea haussk- Reid, D. A., and A. Eicker. 1991. A taxonomic survey nechtii Rab. (Podaxales) a rare agaricoid fungus: of the genus Montagnea (gasteromycetes) with spe- First record from Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 16: cial reference to South Africa. South Africa Journal of 311-315. Botany 57:161-170.