Evolution of Gilled Mushrooms and Puffballs Inferred from Ribosomal DNA Sequences
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Universidad De Concepción Facultad De Ciencias Naturales Y
Universidad de Concepción Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Programa de Magister en Ciencias mención Botánica DIVERSIDAD DE MACROHONGOS EN ÁREAS DESÉRTICAS DEL NORTE GRANDE DE CHILE Tesis presentada a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas de la Universidad de Concepción para optar al grado de Magister en Ciencias mención Botánica POR: SANDRA CAROLINA TRONCOSO ALARCÓN Profesor Guía: Dr. Götz Palfner Profesora Co-Guía: Dra. Angélica Casanova Mayo 2020 Concepción, Chile AGRADECIMIENTOS Son muchas las personas que han contribuido durante el proceso y conclusión de este trabajo. En primer lugar quiero agradecer al Dr. Götz Palfner, guía de esta tesis y mi profesor desde el año 2014 y a la Dra. Angélica Casanova, quienes con su experiencia se han esforzado en enseñarme y ayudarme a llegar a esta instancia. A mis compañeros de laboratorio, Josefa Binimelis, Catalina Marín y Cristobal Araneda, por la ayuda mutua y compañía que nos pudimos brindar en el laboratorio o durante los viajes que se realizaron para contribuir a esta tesis. A CONAF Atacama y al Proyecto RT2716 “Ecofisiología de Líquenes Antárticos y del desierto de Atacama”, cuyas gestiones o financiamientos permitieron conocer un poco más de la diversidad de hongos y de los bellos paisajes de nuestro desierto chileno. Agradezco al Dr. Pablo Guerrero y a todas las personas que enviaron muestras fúngicas desertícolas al Laboratorio de Micología para identificarlas y que fueron incluidas en esta investigación. También agradezco a mi familia, mis padres, hermanos, abuelos y tíos, que siempre me han apoyado y animado a llevar a cabo mis metas de manera incondicional. -
Isolation and Characterization of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Mutants Resistant to Antifungal Compounds Duy Vuong Nguyen
Isolation and characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resistant to antifungal compounds Duy Vuong Nguyen To cite this version: Duy Vuong Nguyen. Isolation and characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resistant to antifungal compounds. Mycology. Université de Lorraine, 2020. English. NNT : 2020LORR0045. tel-02940144 HAL Id: tel-02940144 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-02940144 Submitted on 16 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- -
A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi
A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF ARIZONA MACROFUNGI Scott T. Bates School of Life Sciences Arizona State University PO Box 874601 Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 ABSTRACT A checklist of 1290 species of nonlichenized ascomycetaceous, basidiomycetaceous, and zygomycetaceous macrofungi is presented for the state of Arizona. The checklist was compiled from records of Arizona fungi in scientific publications or herbarium databases. Additional records were obtained from a physical search of herbarium specimens in the University of Arizona’s Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium and of the author’s personal herbarium. This publication represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Arizona. In all probability, the checklist is far from complete as new species await discovery and some of the species listed are in need of taxonomic revision. The data presented here serve as a baseline for future studies related to fungal biodiversity in Arizona and can contribute to state or national inventories of biota. INTRODUCTION Arizona is a state noted for the diversity of its biotic communities (Brown 1994). Boreal forests found at high altitudes, the ‘Sky Islands’ prevalent in the southern parts of the state, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests that are widespread in Arizona, all provide rich habitats that sustain numerous species of macrofungi. Even xeric biomes, such as desertscrub and semidesert- grasslands, support a unique mycota, which include rare species such as Itajahya galericulata A. Møller (Long & Stouffer 1943b, Fig. 2c). Although checklists for some groups of fungi present in the state have been published previously (e.g., Gilbertson & Budington 1970, Gilbertson et al. 1974, Gilbertson & Bigelow 1998, Fogel & States 2002), this checklist represents the first comprehensive listing of all macrofungi in the kingdom Eumycota (Fungi) that are known from Arizona. -
Gasteroid Mycobiota (Agaricales, Geastrales, And
Gasteroid mycobiota ( Agaricales , Geastrales , and Phallales ) from Espinal forests in Argentina 1,* 2 MARÍA L. HERNÁNDEZ CAFFOT , XIMENA A. BROIERO , MARÍA E. 2 2 3 FERNÁNDEZ , LEDA SILVERA RUIZ , ESTEBAN M. CRESPO , EDUARDO R. 1 NOUHRA 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Cátedra de Diversidad Vegetal I, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina. CORRESPONDENCE TO : [email protected] *CURRENT ADDRESS : Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy (CIT-JUJUY), CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CP 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina. ABSTRACT — Sampling and analysis of gasteroid agaricomycete species ( Phallomycetidae and Agaricomycetidae ) associated with relicts of native Espinal forests in the southeast region of Córdoba, Argentina, have identified twenty-nine species in fourteen genera: Bovista (4), Calvatia (2), Cyathus (1), Disciseda (4), Geastrum (7), Itajahya (1), Lycoperdon (2), Lysurus (2), Morganella (1), Mycenastrum (1), Myriostoma (1), Sphaerobolus (1), Tulostoma (1), and Vascellum (1). The gasteroid species from the sampled Espinal forests showed an overall similarity with those recorded from neighboring phytogeographic regions; however, a new species of Lysurus was found and is briefly described, and Bovista coprophila is a new record for Argentina. KEY WORDS — Agaricomycetidae , fungal distribution, native woodlands, Phallomycetidae . Introduction The Espinal Phytogeographic Province is a transitional ecosystem between the Pampeana, the Chaqueña, and the Monte Phytogeographic Provinces in Argentina (Cabrera 1971). The Espinal forests, mainly dominated by Prosopis L. -
The Good, the Bad and the Tasty: the Many Roles of Mushrooms
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 85: 125–157. The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms K.M.J. de Mattos-Shipley1,2, K.L. Ford1, F. Alberti1,3, A.M. Banks1,4, A.M. Bailey1, and G.D. Foster1* 1School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; 2School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK; 3School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; 4School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK *Correspondence: G.D. Foster, [email protected] Abstract: Fungi are often inconspicuous in nature and this means it is all too easy to overlook their importance. Often referred to as the “Forgotten Kingdom”, fungi are key components of life on this planet. The phylum Basidiomycota, considered to contain the most complex and evolutionarily advanced members of this Kingdom, includes some of the most iconic fungal species such as the gilled mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi. Basidiomycetes inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, carrying out vital ecosystem roles, particularly in carbon cycling and as symbiotic partners with a range of other organisms. Specifically in the context of human use, the basidiomycetes are a highly valuable food source and are increasingly medicinally important. In this review, seven main categories, or ‘roles’, for basidiomycetes have been suggested by the authors: as model species, edible species, toxic species, medicinal basidiomycetes, symbionts, decomposers and pathogens, and two species have been chosen as representatives of each category. -
Diversity and Genetic Marker for Species Identification of Edible Mushrooms
Diversity and Genetic Marker for Species Identification of Edible Mushrooms Yuwadee Insumran1* Netchanok Jansawang1 Jackaphan Sriwongsa1 Panuwat Reanruangrit2 and Manit Auyapho1 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand 4Faculty of Engineering, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand Abstract Diversity and genetic marker for species identification of edible mushrooms in the Koak Ngam forest, Muang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand was conducted in October 2012 to October 2013. A total of 31 species from 15 genera and 7 families were found. The genetic variation based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences for 11 species, representing four genera of the edible mushrooms. The ITS sequences revealed considerable genetic variation. R. luteotacta, A. princeps and X. subtomentosus showed high levels of genetic differentiation. These findings indicated that the Thai samples could be genetically distinct species. Therefore, further molecular and morphological examinations were needed to clarify the status of these species. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that X. subtomentosus was polyphyletic. The results were consistent with previous studies suggesting that classifications of these genera need re-examining. At the species level, the level of genetic divergence could be used for species identification. Keywords: Species diversity, Genetic marker, Edible mushrooms * Corresponding author : E–mail address: [email protected] ความหลากหลายและเครื่องหมายพันธุกรรมในการจําแนกเห็ดกินได -
9B Taxonomy to Genus
Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella -
Especies De Tulostoma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricomycetes) En Un Matorral Espinoso De Sonora, México
Revista Mexicana de Micología vol. 41: 65-72 2015 Especies de Tulostoma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricomycetes) en un matorral espinoso de Sonora, México Tulostoma species (Basidiomycetes, Agaricomycetes) in a tropical thorn forest from Sonora, Mexico Eduardo Hernández-Navarro1, Aldo Gutiérrez1, Felipe Barredo-Pool2, Martín Esqueda1 1. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Apartado postal 1735, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México. 2. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio taxonómico, ecológico y corológico de especies de Tulostoma recolectadas durante las cuatro estaciones del año, en una localidad con matorral espinoso. Se efectuaron cuatro muestreos al final de cada estación, en 20 cuadrantes de 50 x 20 m y para el análisis físico y químico del suelo se tomaron muestras compuestas. Se realizaron análisis de ANOVA de una sola vía para cada variable edáfica. Se estudiaron 83 recolecciones de Tulostoma pertenecientes a 17 especies. Tulostoma xerophilum fue el taxón mejor represen- tado con 26 recolecciones y 37 basidiomas, observado las cuatro épocas del año, mientras que T. chudaei, T. fimbriatum y T. nanum en tres estaciones. Las especies se desarrollaron generalmente en suelo desnudo y parecen estar bien adaptadas a suelos pobres en nutrientes con altos contenidos de arena. Tulostoma gracilipes se cita por tercera vez en el mundo, mientras que T. longii y T. membranaceum son nuevos registros para la micobiota mexicana. El catálogo se aumentó a 30 especies de Tulostoma para Sonora. PALABRAS CLAVE: taxonomía, corología, hongos gasteroides, zonas áridas. ABSTraCT A taxonomic, ecological, and chorological study of Tulostoma species from a locality dominated by thorn-scrub, collected during the four seasons of the year is presented. -
<I>Tulostoma Rufescens</I> Sp. Nov. from Sonora, Mexico
MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2018 July–September 2018—Volume 133, pp. 459–471 https://doi.org/10.5248/133.459 Tulostoma rufescens sp. nov. from Sonora, Mexico Eduardo Hernández-Navarro1, Aldo Gutiérrez1, Jorge H. Ramírez-Prado2, Felipe Sánchez-Teyer2, Martín Esqueda1* 1 Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Km 0.6 Carretera a La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México 2 Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, México * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract—A new species of stalked puffball, Tulostoma rufescens, was observed and collected from subtropical scrub vegetation within the Sonoran Sky Islands, Mexico, and was characterized morphologically and molecularly. The new fungus is characterized by small to medium sized spore-sacs, a thinly membranous exoperidium persisting in patches in the pinkish endoperidium, a tortuous stem with a basal bulb strongly intermixed with sand and debris, subhyaline capillitia with swollen and pigmented septa, and strongly echinulate basidiospores with spines that occasionally coalesce to form a subreticulum. Maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses of full ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and D1-D2 LSU DNA regions placed our collection within the monophyletic genus Tulostoma but separate from all of the available sequenced species. Key words—Agaricaceae, Agaricales, chorology, gasteroid fungi, molecular systematics Introduction The Madrean Sky Islands (or Madrean Archipelago) are a set of approximately 40 mountains in southern and southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico. They combine temperate pine-oak forests at the highest elevations with arid to semiarid vegetation in the lowlands, the latter forming part of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts. -
Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity 20130415 112934.Pdf
Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity Chemical Immunology Vol. 81 Series Editors Luciano Adorini, Milan Ken-ichi Arai, Tokyo Claudia Berek, Berlin Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst, Marseille Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · New Delhi · Bangkok · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity Volume Editors Michael Breitenbach, Salzburg Reto Crameri, Davos Samuel B. Lehrer, New Orleans, La. 48 figures, 11 in color and 22 tables, 2002 Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · New Delhi · Bangkok · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney Chemical Immunology Formerly published as ‘Progress in Allergy’ (Founded 1939) Edited by Paul Kallos 1939–1988, Byron H. Waksman 1962–2002 Michael Breitenbach Professor, Department of Genetics and General Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg Reto Crameri Professor, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos Samuel B. Lehrer Professor, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and Index Medicus. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopy- ing, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. -
SC/BIOL 2010.040 Plant Biology Second Term Test
SC/BIOL 2010 (Plant Biology) 2nd Term Test (5 March 2012) page 1 of 5 SC/BIOL 2010.040 Plant Biology Second Term Test NAME:______KEY______ [01] Which one of the following terms does not describe a common trait, structure or characteristic of either the Ascomycota or the Basidiomycota? A. hymenium B. mycorrhizae C. dolipore D. zygotic meiosis E. conidia F. septate G. haustoria H. all describe a common trait, structure or characteristic All of the traits and structures are found in either of the two fungal groups, including zygotic meiosis: H. [02] Amongst the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which of the following characteristics are unique to only one of the two phyla (choose the best answer)? A. crozier B. haustoria C. mycelia D. clamp connections E. persistent dikaryotic stage F. A and B G. A and D H. A, D and E Crozier is specific to ascomycota, clamp connections play a role in the persistent dikaryotic state of basidiomycota, all others are found in both. The answer is H. Match the following terms with the most appropriate definition (Choose the best answer)? [03] conidium pl. conidia H [04] haustorium pl. haustoria F [05] appressorium C A. None of the below B. A small mass of vegetative tissue; an outgrowth of the thallus, for example in liverworts or certain fungi. C. A flattened, hyphal organ, from which a minute infection peg grows and enters the host. D. The strips of tissue on the underside of the cap of many hymenomycetes. E. A single tubular filament of a fungus, oomycete, or chytrid. -
Astraeus and Geastrum
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 58 Annual Issue Article 9 1951 Astraeus and Geastrum Marion D. Ervin State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1951 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Ervin, Marion D. (1951) "Astraeus and Geastrum," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 58(1), 97-99. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol58/iss1/9 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ervin: Astraeus and Geastrum Astraeus and Geastrum1 By MARION D. ERVIN The genus Astraeus, based on Geastrum hygrometricum Pers., was included in the genus Geaster until Morgan9 pointed out several differences which seemed to justify placing the fungus in a distinct genus. Morgan pointed out first, that the basidium-bearing hyphae fill the cavities of the gleba as in Scleroderma; se.cond, that the threads of the capillitium are. long, much-branched, and interwoven, as in Tulostoma; third, that the elemental hyphae of the peridium are scarcely different from the threads of the capillitium and are continuous with them, in this respect, again, agre.eing with Tulos toma; fourth, that there is an entire absence of any columella, and, in fact, the existence of a columella is precluded by the nature of the capillitium; fifth, that both thre.ads and spore sizes differ greatly from those of geasters.