Free Media. Free World. Press Freedom

ANNUAL REPORT 2011

About IPI

The International Press Institute (IPI) is the world’s oldest press freedom organisation. It represents editors, media executives and leading journalists from around the world dedicated to the furtherance and safeguard ing of press freedom, the protection of freedom of opinion and expression, the promotion of the free flow of news and information and the improvement of the practices of journalism.

IPI was formed in October 1950 on the belief that a free press would contribute to the creation of a better world, and has since grown into a global organisation with members in more than 120 countries. It holds consul tative status with the United Nations and the Council of Europe.

For more information, please visit our website: www.freemedia.at. Picsfive © Shutterstock: Foreword by Alison Bethel McKenzie

Dear Friends, press freedom missions, members, partner organisa- public statements and private tions and concerned citizens As you read this report, jour- lobbying. We continue to the world over, are making nalistic freedoms are under publish the World Press ourselves heard and our threat. New attacks against Freedom Review – which presence felt. We continue journalists and media houses for 2011 is incorporated into to host our World Congress continue with alarming this report – and participate and General Assembly frequency. Reporters, their in global summits such as the meetings in different loca colleagues, and often their Perugia Journalism Festival, tions each year, and we have family members, too, are as well as World Press exciting new events planned being targeted around the Freedom Day events each for the next several years on globe. May. We have published a multiple continents. list of the “Top Ten Threats The ferocity and cruelty to Global Press Freedom” Most importantly, we con- of these deadly attacks are and continue to call the tinue to believe in the growing, perhaps because worst offenders to justice compelling power of truth the killers know that they on a daily basis, while also and freedom of expression. can literally threaten, making sure that even small We will continue to work harass, imprison, torture press freedom victories are diligently with those who and murder with impunity publicised and replicated share these ideals. The needs because their legal systems wherever possible. are great, but we will not stop. are ill-equipped or simply uninterested in prosecuting With funding from Google So as you read these pages, these horrific crimes. Inc., we created the IPI please accept our thanks for News Innovation Contest. Its everything you do to aid IPI Still, there are bright spots, winners will together receive and its work. too. more than $1.7 million to en- hance online journalism and We also ask that you please As you will see recorded in spur new innovation efforts continue to help us spread these pages, IPI continues to and training across Europe, these four simple but very convene, organise and work Africa and the Middle East. effective words: effectively with numerous press freedom, human rights IPI and its affiliate, the South FREE MEDIA. FREE WORLD! and civil society groups. We East Europe Media Organisa- continue to advocate with tion (SEEMO), together with Alison Bethel McKenzie national governments and the our board members, national Executive Director United Nations via official committees, individual International Press Institute

IPI Annual Report 2011 3 Publisher IPI Management Team 2011 Alison Bethel McKenzie Anthony Mills Executive Director Press Freedom Manager

EditoR Martin Leonhartsberger José Otárola-Silesky Finance & Administration Manager Grants Manager Michael Kudlak Conferences & Events Oliver Vujovic

International Press Institute (IPI) SEEMO, Secretary General Spiegelgasse 2/29 A-1010 Vienna Austria Tel: + 43 1-512 90 11 Fax: + 43 1-512 90 14 E-mail: [email protected] www.freemedia.at

Cover: © EvrenKalinbacak / Shutterstock.com – All pictures, unless otherwise noted, from Shutterstock.

4 IPI Annual Report 2011 Content

Chapter 1 Chapter 4 Press Freedom �� 6 Conferences & Meetings �� 22 1.1 World Press Freedom Day 2011 �� 9 Israeli-Palestinian Journalists’ Forum �� 25 Istanbul �� 9 IPI World Congress in Taiwan �� 25 Norway �� 9 IACA Roundtable on Media and Corruption �� 27 Spain �� 9 Jordan �� 27 Washington, D.C. �� 9 Tunisia �� 27 1.2 Launch of World Press Freedom Review 2010 �� 9 Conference on the Safety of Journalists (Paris) �� 27 1.3 Perugia Journalism Festival �� 9 Meeting on Impunity 1.4 Istanbul Media Days �� 10 and the Safety of Journalists (Vienna) ��28 1.5 Budapest UN Middle East Conference �� 10 Council of Europe Secretary General 1.6 Missions �� 10–13 & Human Rights ��28 Azerbaijan �� 10 National Committee Activities ��28 Croatia �� 10 Hungary �� 10 Chapter 5 Italy �� 11 IPI News Innovation Contest �� 30 Jamaica �� 11 Advisory Board Members �� 33 Kenya �� 11 Winners �� 34 Kosovo �� 11 Republic of Macedonia �� 11 Chapter 6 Montenegro �� 11 Annexes �� 36 Nigeria �� 12 Auditor report ��38 The Philippines �� 12 5.1 Income and expenses �� 39 Serbia �� 12 5.2 Membership trends, numbers, etc. ��39 Turkey �� 13 5.3 Membership activities & events ��40 Ukraine �� 13 5.4 List of media and country of members �� 40–51 5.5 Board members ��52 1.7 Training in Hamburg & Zambia �� 13 5.6 Staff ��53 Chapter 2 Chapter 7 South East Europe Media Organisation – SEEMO �� 14 World Press Freedom Overview ��54–99 Organised Events �� 16 Awards 2011 �� 17 Investigative Journalism Day in Belgrade & Turkey �� 17 Chapter 3 Bangladesh Free Media Center �� 18–21

IPI Annual Report 2011 5 Press Freedom Press Freedom Chapter 1 © Shutterstock: homeros / Shutterstock.com homeros © Shutterstock: A free press can of course be good or bad, but, most certainly, without freedom it will never be anything but bad (…)

Albert Camus (French novelist, essayist and playwright, 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature, 1913-1960)

[1] UNESCO World Press Freedom Day celebrations in Washington, D.C., May 3, 2011. From left to right: Raheem Adedoyin, secretary general, IPI Nigerian National Com- mittee; Alison Bethel McKenzie, IPI executive director; and Anthony Mills, IPI press freedom manager at the National Press Club in Washington.

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[2] [3]

[2] World Press Freedom Day celebrations in Istanbul. [3] World Press Freedom Day celebrations, Oviedo, Spain. IPI Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & North America IPI Press Freedom Adviser for Africa & the Middle East Naomi Hunt meets with the parents of Spanish journa- Steven M. Ellis addresses the Freedom for Journalists list Manu Brabo, who was arrested and kidnapped in Libya and subsequently freed. Platform’s Congress.

8 IPI Annual Report 2011 Chapter 1

Press Freedom

In 2011, in line with its more than six decades of commitment to promoting May 3 to be World Press Freedom global peace and understanding by fostering dialogue among media pro- Day. IPI’s executive director and press fessionals, IPI launched the first in its series of IPI Media Dialogue Forums. freedom manager participated in the The Israeli-Palestinian Journalists Forum was held from June 14 to 16, 2011, event. in Vienna and was a resounding success. IPI managed to raise over 100,000 euros for the event and a further 200,000 euros for the follow-up planned for 1.2 Launch of World Press 2012 in Norway. Freedom Review 2010 In conjunction with the Austrian Foreign Ministry, IPI also kick-started a glo- IPI’s executive director and press bal campaign focused on the safety of journalists in all environments, not freedom manager participated in the just conflict zones. A high-level experts meeting on the topic was held at the UNESCO World Press Freedom Day Austrian Foreign Ministry in November 2011, bringing together prominent event in Washington, D.C., where the representatives from governments, inter-governmental organisations, media IPI publication World Press Freedom outlets and NGOs, including the Austrian State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Review 2010 – Focus on the Americas the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, IPI’s chairman and exe- and the Caribbean was launched. cutive director, a top representative of the OSCE, and many others. One of the campaign goals is a resolution by the UN Human Rights Commission (on which Austria currently sits) to protect the safety of journalists everywhere. 1.3 Perugia Journalism Festival IPI, in conjunction with the International Journalism Festival (April 13-17, 2011) 1.1 World Press Freedom participated in activities arranged by in Perugia, Italy, sponsored a panel at the IPI’s Nordic Committee. At the event, festival on April 17 titled “Reporting on Day 2011 she presented a report on the top 10 Extremist Rhetoric – How Media Cover Istanbul threats to press freedom worldwide. the Politics of the Extreme”. The panel, At the invitation of its Turkish National consisting of five journalists, examined Committee and the Freedom for Journa- Spain the extent to which extremist rhetoric lists Platform, IPI sent Press Freedom IPI Press Freedom Adviser for Africa & has made its way into mainstream media Adviser for Europe & North America the Middle East Naomi Hunt sat in for and even into presentations by public Steven M. Ellis to Istanbul to address IPI’s executive director and attended broadcasters. the Platform’s Congress on World Press the Press Association of Asturias World Freedom Day, May 3, 2011. The Con- Press Freedom Day event in Oviedo, The panel was moderated by Italian gress followed a wave of arrests of Spain. Hunt gave a speech focusing on journalist, writer and columnist Giusep- journalists earlier in the year, including the role of the media in the Arab upri- pe “Beppe” Severgnini, and included as IPI World Press Freedom Hero Nedim sings. She also met with the family of a panellists Russian investigative journa- Şener. The visit was in follow-up to Spanish journalist arrested and detained list Galina Sidorova, previously editor- an emergency press freedom mission in Libya. He was subsequently released. in-chief of the Sovershenno Secretno IPI had previously conducted in mid- monthly; Turkish journalist Ferai Tinç, a March 2011. Washington, D.C. former foreign editor and current colum- In 2011, UNESCO held its May 3 World nist for Hürriyet; IPI board member and Norway Press Freedom Day event in the United Der Standard Editor-in-Chief Alexandra In Oslo, Senior Press Freedom Adviser States for the first time since the United Föderl-Schmid; and IPI Press Freedom for Asia & the Pacific Barbara Trionfi Nations General Assembly declared Manager Anthony Mills.

IPI Annual Report 2011 9 Press Freedom

The panellists addressed how media Top Ten Threats to Global Press Freedom treat extremist rhetoric and whether it is unquestioningly allowed into the 10 State censorship of Internet content for political purposes mainstream. They also discussed whom 9 Unethical journalism undermining public support for press freedom media engage when addressing extremist rhetoric, how media portray extre- 8 Use of cultural or religious sensitivities to stifle journalism mist speakers and the subjects of such 7 Undue economic pressure, oligarchic control of advertising rhetoric, and whether media in other European countries do a better job of 6 State control of the broadcasting sector covering the topic than Italian media. 5 Legal frameworks which limit access to information 1.4 Istanbul Media Days 4 Arbitrary detention of journalists 3 Use of criminal defamation laws to prosecute journalists From May 16-20, 2011, IPI’s press freedom manager participated in the 2 Use of state security laws to prosecute journalists SEEMO-organised Istanbul Media 1 Targeted murders and violence against journalists Days, speaking on two panels at Bilgi University on the topic of press freedom Report at the event in Norway, presented by IPI Senior Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Pacific Barbara Trionfi. and the Middle East. with Croatian President Ivo Josipovic, Sándor Orbán, program director of the 1.5 Budapest UN Middle as well as a broad array of more than South East European Network for Pro- 50 media representatives. The visit fessionalization of Media; and Judit East Conference was connected to the proposed changes Acsay from the Hungarian Association In July, IPI Press Freedom Manager to the country’s criminal code, which of Journalists, followed up on a previous Anthony Mills spoke on a panel at a were drafted by a group of experts. The joint IPI/SEEMO press freedom fact- UN-organised conference in Budapest, changes would impose severe penalties finding mission to the country from Hungary, about the role of the audio for libel including jail and fines of up to December 15-16, 2010. visual media – including online and half of a journalist’s wages. social media – in the context of Middle Critics had accused Hungary of post- East conflict. There was a particular poning application of certain parts of emphasis on the Arab Spring uprisings. restrictive new media laws until the country concluded its six-month rotating 1.6 Press Freedom presidency of the EU at the end of June. Missions November 14–16, 2011 Azerbaijan IPI and SEEMO joined an Interna IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel tional Partnership Mission to Hungary McKenzie and IPI Press Freedom Mana- to highlight the country’s regressive new ger Anthony Mills visited the Azerbaijan media laws. IPI Press Freedom Adviser National Committee in early February. IPI mission to Croatia: From left to right, IPI Executive for Europe & North America Steven M. Board Member and SEEMO Advisory Board Member During the visit, IPI met with the head Radomir Licina, SEEMO Secretary General Oliver Vujovic, Ellis and SEEMO Secretary General of the Azerbaijan Media Council along IPI Executive Board Vice Chairman and SEEMO Advisory Oliver Vujovic joined delegates from with members of the council; the head Board Member Pavol Mudry, IPI Executive Director Alison Article 19, the European Federation of of the Department for Public Political Is- Bethel McKenzie, Croatian President Ivo Josipovic, SEEMO Journalists, Freedom House, the Inde- Advisory Board Member Marta Palics, IPI Press Freedom sues for the president of the Republic of Adviser Steven M. Ellis and SEEMO Advisory Board Mem- pendent Journalism Center/Moldova, Azerbaijan, Ali M. Hasanov; academics ber Boris Bergant during a meeting on Jan. 27, 2011. Index on Censorship, the International and members of civil society. Freedom of Expression Exchange, In- Hungary ternational Media Support, the Media The IPI delegation strongly advocated July 7, 2011 Diversity Institute, the Network for for the release of then-imprisoned jour- IPI and SEEMO visited Hungary to meet Reporting on Eastern Europe, the Open nalist Eynulla Fatullayev – who was with journalists and with András Koltay, Society Media Program and the South freed a few months later. a lawyer who is a member of Hungary’s East European Network for Profession new, all-powerful Media Council. A alization of Media. Croatia joint delegation, including SEEMO A SEEMO delegation, along with re- Secretary General Oliver Vujovic; IPI Participants on the mission met with presentatives from IPI, visited Croatia Press Freedom Manager Anthony Mills; journalists, members of civil society and in January. During their visit, they met and – as observers – SEEMO member representatives of government.

10 IPI Annual Report 2011 Press Freedom Chapter 1

Italy The pair was in Kingston to draw atten- on Censorship, Article 19, the Media An IPI delegation conducted a press tion to IPI’s upcoming Annual World Diversity Institute and others. freedom mission to Rome in April, as Congress in Trinidad & Tobago, to a follow-up to an IPI press freedom urge the government to respect the The participants met with journalists, mission to Italy in 2010. The mission rights of media workers covering the members of civil society and represen- examined potential challenges to the then-upcoming elections, and to lobby tatives of government, including Prime pluralism of the country’s audiovisual in support of a bill before Parliament Minister Nikola Gruevski. sector resulting from Italy’s digital that would reform defamation law in switchover as well as to Italian defa- Jamaica by, among other things, decri- The mission followed SEEMO’s report mation laws as applied to journalists. minalising defamation. IPI is pushing on a mission it conducted a month earlier for passage of the bill as part of a cam- that raised concerns about selective im- During the follow-up visit, IPI met with paign to end criminal defamation across plementation of laws and regulations representatives of broadcast media or- the Caribbean. relating to media, a lack of transparency ganisations, including Sky Italia and in government-funded advertising cam- Europa 7; representatives of journa- Following the mission, IPI endorsed a paigns and a lack of independence of lists’ associations, including the Ordine letter to then-Prime Minister Andrew regulatory bodies and the public broad- Nazionale dei Giornalisti and the Feder- Holness from the Press Association of caster, the continued criminalisation of azione Nazionale della Stampa Italiana; Jamaica (PAJ) calling on his Jamaica defamation and failures by journalists to and representatives of the public media Labour Party (JLP) to exercise res- live up to professional standards. regulatory body AgCom. Members of traint in its criticism of media workers the IPI delegation included Senior Press covering the country’s December 29, Montenegro Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Paci- 2011, elections. March 2–4, 2011 fic Barbara Trionfi and Press Freedom IPI Press Freedom Adviser for Europe Adviser for Europe & North America Kenya & North America Steven M. Ellis and Steven M. Ellis. In April, IPI’s executive director and SEEMO Secretary General Oliver IPI Membership Officer Christiane Vujovic joined a press freedom mission Representatives of journalists groups Klint travelled to Nairobi for a media to Montenegro organised by WAN- generally shared IPI’s position that de- tour, fundraising event and membership IFRA from March 2 to 4. famation should be decriminalised and drive. They also met with the country’s that fines should be proportionate to information officer and participated in The delegation met with journalists, any actual harm. However, regulators a stakeholders meeting on a proposed foreign diplomats, members of civil expressed some scepticism at the need media bill. society and representatives of govern- to reform Italian defamation law. ment. Issues examined included the Kosovo criminalisation of defamation (sub- Jamaica The SEEMO Mission to Kosovo took sequently decriminalised), misuse of IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel place November 23–25. SEEMO met civil defamation law to bring court McKenzie and IPI Press Freedom Ad- with President Atifete Jahjaga, Prime cases against journalists and media Minister Hashim Thaci, International organisations and impose debilitating Civilian Representative Pieter Feith and fines, journalists’ levels of profession other diplomatic representatives, as well alism, corruption, economic pressure as more than 30 media professionals on the media and impunity in attacks including owners, directors, editors-in- on journalists. chief, journalists, media experts, NGO representatives and academics. November 8–10, 2011 A seven-member delegation met Prime Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) Minister Igor Luksic; Deputy Minister IPI and SEEMO joined a press freedom of Culture Zeljko Rutovic; Director mission to the Former Yugoslav Repub- of the Police of Montenegro Veselin lic of Macedonia, in concert with a joint Veljovic; Ambassador Leopold Maurer, From left to right, Smile Jamaica television host Simon delegation of freedom of expression and head of the EU delegation to Monte- Crosskill, IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel McKenzie media development groups. IPI Press negro; and Deputy Head of the OSCE and IPI Press Freedom Adviser Steven M. Ellis during a Freedom Adviser for Europe & North Mission Waldemar Figaj. In addition, broadcast of the program on Dec. 7, 2011. America Steven M. Ellis and SEEMO the delegation met more than 30 media viser Steven M. Ellis visited Kingston, Secretary General Oliver Vujovic joined representatives including owners, direc- Jamaica, where they met with represen- delegates from the Open Society Media tors, editors-in-chief, journalists, media tatives of media, civil society groups and Program, the Global Forum for Media experts, NGO representatives and other government. Development, Freedom House, Index professionals.

IPI Annual Report 2011 11 Press Freedom

Nigeria Vanguard newspaper, The Sun, the combat widespread impunity in crimes IPI completed a week-long visit to Channels television station, and the against journalists, and the importance Abuja and Lagos in Nigeria, where the Lagos-based NIJ. Bethel McKenzie of bringing the country’s laws and delegation met with the IPI Nigerian discussed with members and media practices in line with international stan- National Committee, key media stake- stakeholders, among other issues, plans dards on press freedom and freedom of holders and high-level government for additional media training for work information. officials for discussions on the recently ing journalists and media students as passed Freedom of Information Act and well as other avenues of cooperation. Serbia to explore future IPI activities in the IPI sponsored seven investigative jour- country. The IPI delegation and execu- The Philippines nalists’ attendance at SEEMO’s Inves- tive members of the national committee IPI wrapped up a press freedom mission tigative Journalism Days / World Anti- included IPI Executive Director Alison to Manila in September, with a call on Corruption Investigative Journalism Bethel McKenzie and Naomi Hunt, the Philippines’ government to end im- Forum, which took place from June 22 IPI’s press freedom adviser for Africa punity in the killing of journalists. to 29 in Belgrade, Serbia. As part of the & the Middle East; as well as IPI Ni- activities on June 28, IPI held a panel gerian National Committee Chairman The IPI delegation included IPI Vice discussion, training and a workshop on Kabiru Yusuf, chief executive of Media Chair Galina Sidorova, who is also the perils journalists face when they take Trust Ltd.; National Committee Sec- chairperson of the Foundation for In- on the challenging and often dangerous retary Raheem Adedoyin, publisher of vestigative Journalism – Foundation task of reporting on extremist politicians ICON magazine; Bilkisu Bintube, IPI 19/29, in Russia; IPI Board Member and – from the risk of physical violence to board member; and former IPI Board Editor-in-Chief of Switzerland’s leading the threat of imprisonment and debili- Member Ismaila Isa, chairman of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung Markus Spill- tating fines. board of the Nigerian Institute of Jour- mann; IPI Executive Director Alison nalism (NIJ). Bethel McKenzie; IPI Press Freedom Journalists who participated in the Manager Anthony Mills; and IPI Senior panel discussion moderated by IPI Over the course of five days of meet Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & ings, the delegation, accompanied by Pacific Barbara Trionfi. North America Steven M. Ellis inclu- several other IPI Nigerian National ded French investigative journalists Committee members in Lagos and The delegation met with high-level Gerard Davet and Fabrice Lhomme of Abuja, met with Minister of Infor- representatives of the office of Philip- Le Monde, Guatemalan-German jour- mation and Communications Laba- pines President Benigno S. Aquino III, nalist Julio Godoy of IPS News, Irish ran[4] Maku and President of the Senate the Philippines Department of Justice, reporter and columnist Sam Smyth David Mark, as well as publishers and and the Department of Interior and of the Irish Independent and Sunday editors from the Nigerian Television Local Policy. Discussions centred on Tribune newspapers, and Russian jour- Authority (NTA), People’s Daily, the need for reform of the country’s nalist Andrei Soldatov of the website Media Trust Ltd., ThisDay newspaper, judicial and legal systems, the need to Agentura.ru.

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IPI visit to Nigeria. From left to right: IPI visit to Nigeria. IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel IPI Mission to the Philippines, September 2011. From Nduka Obaigbena, chairman and founder of ThisDay McKenzie (centre) meets with (from left) Folu Olamiti, left to right: Barbara Trionfi, IPI Senior Press Freedom newspaper; Ismaila Isa, IPI fellow and CEO, New Africa Hol- media consultant and spokesperson of the Indepen- Adviser for Asia & the Pacific; Markus Spillmann, editor- dings; and Sam Amuka, Vanguard newspapers, July 2011. dent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences in-chief, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Switzerland; Philippines IPI delegates meet with media executives and journalists in Commission; Kabiru Yusuf, chairman of the IPI Nigerian Presidential Spokesperson Edwin Lacierda and his secre- the Lagos home of Mr. Obaigbena. National Committee and Media Trust; Wada A. Maida, tary; Galina Sidorova, vice chair IPI executive board; Alison managing director/chief executive, Finlay Communi Bethel McKenzie, IPI executive director and Anthony Mills, cations Limited; and Raheem Adedoyin, secretary general, IPI press freedom manager. IPI Nigerian National Committee and publisher of ICON magazine in Abuja, at the offices ofDaily Trust newspaper.

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IPI’s portion of the program concluded with a workshop in which Yaroslava All Photos: IPI All Photos: Sennikova from the Center for Inter national Media Ethics led an exchange of ideas on how to rely on ethical standards and journalistic best practices to limit or avoid the threat of legal reprisal when covering extremist politicians.

Turkey IPI visit to Serbia: A panel discusses the perils of re- IPI mission to Ukraine: From left to right, Ukrainian jour- March 16–19, 2011 porting on extremist rhetoric at SEEMO’s Investigative nalist Fedir Sydoruk, IPI Press Freedom Adviser Steven M. IPI conducted an emergency visit Journalism Days/World Anti-Corruption Investigative Ellis, Ukrainian Member of Parliament Olena Bondarenko, following the arrest of World Press Free- Journalism Forum in Belgrade, Serbia on June 28, 2011. SEEMO Press Media Adviser and Project Manager Mirjana From left to right, French journalists Fabrice Lhomme and Tomic and IPI Executive Board Vice Chairman Pavol Múdry dom Hero Nedim Şener. The Turkey Gerard Davet, Irish journalist Sam Smyth, IPI Press Free- on June 1, 2011. visit was followed by a letter-writing dom Adviser Steven M. Ellis, Russian journalist Andrei campaign in which board members sent Soldatov and Guatemalan-German journalist Julio Godoy. letters to their closest Turkish embassy.

November 21–25, 2011 IPI Executive Board Vice Chairman to Turkey to attend court proceedings in States, the United Kingdom, Austria Pavol Múdry, a member of the board of the case involving news website Oda and Slovakia. IPI’s Slovak Committee and IPI Press TV. Freedom Adviser for Europe & North The delegation – which included IPI America Steven M. Ellis travelled to Ellis and representatives of IPI’s Tur- Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & Turkey to attend court proceedings in kish National Committee observed a North America Steven M. Ellis, IPI Exe- the case involving news website Oda hearing in which the court began rea- cutive Board Vice Chair Pavol Múdry TV, in which World Press Freedom ding aloud the 134-page indictment and SEEMO Press Media Adviser and Hero Nedim Şener and others are against defendants in the case. They Project Manager Mirjana Tomic – met accused of having served as the media also met with Şener’s wife and with with more than 30 individuals in total. wing for the so-called “Ergenekon” members of the opposition Republi- plot, in which secularists and ultra- can People’s Party (CHP) who we- 1.7 Training nationalists allegedly planned to use re present to observe the hearing, and terrorism to overthrow the ruling Jus- delivered to Şener’s attorney a letter Germany tice and Development Party (AKP)-led from IPI Executive Director Alison In September IPI Executive Director government. Bethel McKenzie addressed to Şener Alison Bethel McKenzie and Senior expressing IPI’s continued support. Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the The IPI delegation – in connection with Pacific Barbara Trionfi trained young the Freedom for Journalists Platform, Ukraine journalists at the Bertelsmann-founded an umbrella group of nearly 100 Tur- A joint IPI-SEEMO delegation conduct International Academy of Journalism kish journalist organisations, as well ed a fact-finding press freedom mission in Hamburg. as representatives from the European to Kiev, Ukraine, from May 31 to June 3. Federation of Journalists, Germany’s Zambia Deutscher Journalisten Verband, Re- The delegation met with representatives In February the U.S. Embassy in Zambia porters Without Borders and the Euro- of government, including members of invited IPI Executive Director Alison pean Journalists Association – observed Parliament from the ruling Party of Bethel McKenzie to conduct a workshop the first hearing in the Oda TV case, Regions, members of the opposition for senior-level journalists on media heard testimony from the families of Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, representatives self-regulation in Lusaka. The trip, fund imprisoned journalists, and travelled of the Justice Ministry and the Nation ed by the U.S. State Department, inclu- to Ankara, where they met with the al Television and Radio Broadcasting ded several media interviews, a meeting vice presidents of the four political par- Council, and a spokesperson for Presi- with the country’s Information Minister ties currently holding seats in Turkey’s dent Viktor Yanukovych. The delegates and a meeting with a representative from Parliament, including the ruling Party also met with journalists from state and the president’s office, with which IPI (AKP). private media, including print, broadcast has been in contact regarding efforts and online media; representatives of Uk- by the government to impose statutory December 25–26, 2011 rainian media-related non-governmental regulation on the media.  IPI Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & organisations; and diplomats represen- North America Steven M. Ellis travelled ting the European Union, the United

IPI Annual Report 2011 13 Press Freedom Press Freedom Chapter 2 © Shutterstock: xc © Shutterstock: Quote words that affirm all men and women are your brothers and sisters.

Aberjhani (American historian, columnist, novelist, poet, and editor, born 1957)

[1] [3]

[1] Serbian Prime Minister Mirko Cvetkovic and SEEMO Secretary General Oliver Vujovic at the opening of the South East Europe Media Forum in Belgrade, Serbia, 2011. [2] Workshop on press freedom in Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia organised in coorpera- tion with the International Media Center in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2011. [3] South East Europe Media Forum, Belgrade, Serbia, 2011.

(Photos by Slobodan Polic, SEEMO photo/video team)

[2]

The South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO), IPI’s affiliate, organised the following events in 2011:

– The South East Europe Media Forum (SEEMF), organised in – Two conferences for media professionals with very cooperation with the Central European Initiative, Konrad specific topics were also organised by SEEMO. One Adenauer Stiftung and the Organisation for Security and Co- was the meeting of representatives of news agencies operation in Europe, took place in Belgrade from Nov. 2 to 3. and new media on November 25–26 in Pristina, Kosovo with 114 participants. The second was a con- The event was opened by Serbian Prime Minister Mirko ference on the theme “Minority, Diversity and Women Cvetkovic, and 419 journalists participated in total. The VI in Media”, organised in Tirana, Albania, from October SEEMF will be in Montenegro in October 2012. 24 to 26 with 102 participants.

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South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO)

The following awards were presented by SEEMO in 2011:

1. The Dr. Erhard Busek - SEEMO Award for Better Under- 4. The CEI SEEMO Award for Outstanding Merits in standing, a 3,000 euro sponsored award, was presented Investigative Journalism was awarded to Kalicki to the Croatian investigative journalist Drago Hedl. Włodzmierz. On September 26 the international SEEMO jury met in Trieste at the Central European Initiative 2. The SEEMO Photo Human Rights Award was presented headquarters and examined 26 nominations from 13 in May 2011 to the photographer Janko Petkovic. The Central European Initiative Member States. The personal winning photograph Proboj (“Breakthrough”) was shot risks taken while performing their duties, the quality of on October 10, 2010, during the Gay Parade in Belgrade, reporting as well as the impact on society of the messa- Serbia. ges conveyed were the main criteria taken into account. Włodzmierz received 5,000 euros. 3. The SEEMO Human Rights Award was presented in Pristina, Kosovo, in November 2011 to Kosovo publisher and human rights defender Veton Surroi.

SEEMO also organised, at the begin- participated in the three-day event, pages about press freedom develop- ning of 2011, a roundtable in Ljubljana which was opened by Serbian President ments: Hungary Press Freedom, Turkey on press freedom in Hungary, Slove- Boris Tadic. Press Freedom, Belarus Press Freedom nia and Croatia in cooperation with the and Macedonia Press Freedom.  International Media Center, the Peace SEEMO, which has members in 20 Institute and the Journalism Association countries, in cooperation with partners of Slovenia. published the new edition of the South East and Central Europe Media Hand- The SEEMO Investigative Journalism book, and also continued publishing the Conference in Belgrade, Serbia, as part magazine De Scripto. In total, SEEMO of the South East and Central Europe issued 85 protest letters and press relea- Investigative Journalism Days, were ses in 2011. organised in 2011 with an additional one-day workshop in cooperation with In cooperation with partners, SEEMO IPI and INSI. In total, 272 journalists regularly updated four special web

IPI Annual Report 2011 17 Press Freedom Press Freedom Chapter 3 © Tina Rencelj / Shutterstock.com © Tina Rencelj I maintain that I am not here to wage war against the mafia. But news is news, and I am a journalist.

J. Jesus Blancornelas (Mexican journalist and IPI World Press Freedom Hero, 1936–2006)

An IPI delegation met with Bangladeshi Law Minister Shafique Ahmed.

20 IPI Annual Report 2011 Chapter 3

IPI Bangladesh Free Media Centre Project

Since its start in August 2010 and throughout 2011, the IPI Bangladesh Free Participants from Bangladesh joined Media Centre (FMC) project has made important progress toward establishing internationally renowned experts in itself as a reference for journalists and media experts in Bangladesh. Thanks discussions related to the two key under to the support offered by key members of the IPI Bangladesh National Com- lying themes of the IPI World Congress mittee, as well as by the IPI Vienna Headquarters, the IPI Bangladesh FMC has in Taiwan: “The Media in Asia” and gained the respect of important local media institutions, both in the commer- “Reporting on Corruption”. The work- cial media and in the NGO sectors. shop and the congress also presented a unique opportunity to exchange professional experiences and network. Throughout 2011, the IPI Bangladesh Chittagong and Bogra. The meetings Free Media Centre monitored press in Dhaka ended with calls for strong The IPI Workshop on Business and freedom violations in the country and er legal protection for press freedom Financial Reporting, organised in co- supported IPI’s efforts to advocate for and internal statutes to ensure editorial operation with the Society of American change. The Centre also produced in- independence. The meetings outside the Business Editors and Writers (SABEW), depth studies about key issues affect capital highlighted concerns about the provided participants with valuable tips ing the media in Bangladesh, inclu- ongoing Dhaka-centred media expan- on writing, editing, reporting and gath ding: “Laws Affecting the Media in sion, which challenges sustainability ering information on today’s financial Bangladesh and Necessary Changes”, of local newspapers outside the capital. markets, currency issues, trade and tariff “Bangladesh’s Broadcasting Policy”, policies, financial corruption, etc. “Self-Regulatory Media Accountability As part of the IPI Bangladesh Free Me- Systems in Bangladesh” and “Press dia Centre project, a group of 10 finan- Representatives from Dow Jones, Reu- Freedom Violations and Attacks against cial reporters were invited to join the IPI ters, Barron’s, Fortune and Money ma- the Media in Bangladesh”. Workshop on International Business and gazines, as well as the Financial Times Financial Reporting and the IPI World and the Missouri School of Journalism, These publications served as a basis Congress in Taiwan in September 2011. conducted the training sessions.  for IPI’s successive advocacy in Bang ladesh, which culminated in a Press Freedom Mission in February 2012. In the course of the mission, an IPI delegation discussed the concerns highlighted in the above publications with high- level representatives of the Bangladeshi government.

Between January and March 2011, the IPI Bangladesh Free Media Centre held four meetings with editors, journalists and representatives of media and press freedom organisations to discuss issues related to press freedom and media ethics in Bangladesh. Two meetings were held in the capital, Dhaka; the others in two of the country’s major cities, IPI also met with former Primer Minister and current opposition leader Khaleda Zia.

IPI Annual Report 2011 21 Press Freedom Press Freedom Chapter 4 © Shutterstock: Losevsky Photo and Video / Shutterstock.com Photo Losevsky © Shutterstock: Our job as media professionals is to know and let others know.

Daoud Kuttab (Palestinian journalist and IPI World Press Freedom Hero, born 1955)

[1]

[2]

[1] IPI Dialogue Award Gala Dinner, Vienna, June 2011. From left to right: IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel McKenzie; Zeynep Oral, Turkish journalist and co- founder of WINPEACE – the Women’s Initiative for Peace (recipient of the award); Austrian Vice Chancellor and Foreign Minister Michael Spindelegger.

[2] IPJF roundtable at Palais Niederösterreich, Vienna, June 2011.

[3] Opening Ceremony at IPI World Congress Taipei, Taiwan, musical performance by Ten Drum Art Percussion Group, Sept. 25, 2011. [3]

24 IPI Annual Report 2011 Chapter 4

Conferences & Meetings

In September, IPI held its highly successful World Congress in Taipei, Taiwan authorities in Israel and the Palestinian (R.O.C.). The three-day event brought together some 250 leading journalists Territories and on future steps, inclu- and their guests from over 45 countries to discuss a wide range of topics rela- ding a commitment to fair and balanced ted to press freedom and the media industry in general. reporting.

IPI also organised – or participated in – a series of conferences, seminars and The IPJF was made possible with the panels on an array of subjects. These included, among others, the Israeli- financial support of the Norwegian Mi- Palestinian Journalists’ Forum (IPJF), which featured two days of closed talks nistry of Foreign Affairs; the Federal between Israeli and Palestinian journalists from across the political spectrum; Chancellery of Austria; UNESCO; Bank the regional conference of the Media Freedom Defenders in the Arab World in Austria; the Ford Foundation; the Vien- Amman; a conference on freedom of expression in Tunis organised by WAN- na embassies of New Zealand, Cyprus IFRA; the UN Inter-Agency Meeting on the Safety of Journalists; and a UN- and South Africa; former IPI Director organised conference on the role of online and social media in the context of Johann Fritz; and IPI fellow and former the Middle East conflict. board member Ismaila Isa. IPI was also grateful for the backing of IPI’s Norwe- In addition, IPI met with the Council of Europe’s secretary-general and a num- gian National Committee. ber of his senior advisers to discuss the deteriorating press freedom environment in Turkey and organised its first meeting of IPI National Committee chairs in Baku, Azerbaijan. IPI World Congress Throughout the year – and parallel to these events – the IPI Secretariat was in Taiwan busy preparing upcoming events for 2012, including the 2012 IPI World Con- gress in Trinidad & Tobago and an international conference on Oil, Gas and the One year after its 60th anniversary Media, to be held in Baku in September 2012. celebrations, IPI held its 2011 World Congress in Taipei, marking the return of its annual event to East Asia and the Republic of China (Taiwan) after 12 Israeli-Palestinian Palestine in Austria; and Yossi Beilin, years. Journalists’ Forum former justice minister and deputy foreign affairs minister of Israel. From September 24 to 27, some 250 IPI held its much-anticipated Israeli- editors, media executives, leading jour- Palestinian Journalists’ Forum (IPJF) During the two-day event, IPI – as part nalists and their guests from over 45 June 14-16 in Vienna. of its six-decades-old mission to foster countries gathered in Taipei for the peace and understanding by bringing congress. Themed “The Asian Media The IPJF began with the IPI Dialogue journalists closer together – gathered Century? 21st Century Developments for Press Freedom Dinner and Award 12 Israeli journalists and 12 Palestinian from New Technologies to Press Free- Ceremony. Among the guest speakers journalists from across the political dom”, the three-day event focused were Austrian Vice Chancellor and For- spectrum for dialogue talks in Vienna. attention on developments in Asia in eign Minister Michael Spindelegger; The closed sessions were moderated by general and East Asia in particular, with Slovakian Prime Minister Iveta Radico- a neutral media figure with experience a special emphasis on cross-Strait rela- va; Janis Karklins, UNESCO assistant of the complexities of the region. tions, China’s rise to power, reporting director-general for communication on North Korea, and topics more closely and information; Zuheir Elwazer, am- The event ended with agreement on focused on press freedom and the media bassador of the Permanent Mission of a series of recommendations for the industry in general.

IPI Annual Report 2011 25 Conferences & Meetings

Events kicked off September 24 with a special one- The Opening Ceremony was followed by a special “Break day International Business and Financial Reporting ing News Session” titled “Poisoning the Fight for Press Workshop, organised in cooperation with the Socie- Freedom: The News of the World Scandal”, which featured ty of American Business Editors and Writers (SABEW). a lively discussion on the UK phone-hacking scandal and the implications for press freedom not only in Britain, but On September 25, the Opening Ceremony began with an around the world. address by Taiwanese President Ma Ying-jeou and the “Director’s Report”, in which IPI Executive Director Alison Over the next three days, delegates actively participated in Bethel McKenzie spoke about the state of press freedom the following panel discussions: worldwide. Taiwan/China: Possible Scenarios – 21st Century Rivals: Covering the Rise of China and its Global Competition with the U.S. – Covering North Korea – Social Media Revolutions: The Media and the Uprisings in North Africa, the Middle East, and Elsewhere – Virtual Worlds – Using the Internet as a Research Tool for Investigative Journalism – Innovations in Political Cartooning – How Editorial Cartoonists Are Reinventing Themselves and Promoting Press Freedom – Taiwan’s PeoPo Project – A Mod el for Citizen

[4] Journalism in the Future? – In the Face of Disaster – Crisis Management and the Media – Doing More with Less: In Difficult Times, Main- taining Media Quality through Creativity and Innovation – Following the Funds – Covering Development Aid [5] [6] and Corruption.

[4] International Business and Financial Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan, Sept. 24, 2011. Trainer Jonathan Standing, bureau chief of Reuters in Taiwan, speaking to workshop participants.

[5] Participants at the International Business and Financial Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan, Sept. 24, 2011.

[6] Ma Ying-jeo, president of the Republic of China (Taiwan), delivers the keynote speech during the Opening Ceremony of IPI World Congress Taipei, Taiwan, Sept. 25, 2011. [7] [7] “IPI Report – Media and Money”, released at the World Congress.

26 IPI Annual Report 2011 Conferences & Meetings Chapter 4

In addition, the Congress featured a of expression held in Tunis. The con- presentation of the special publication ference was organised by WAN-IFRA “IPI Report: Media and Money”, pro- and supported by the International Free- duced in partnership with the Reynolds dom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), Journalism Institute, University of Mis- a grouping of dozens of freedom of ex- souri, and a Gala Dinner and Awards pression and press freedom groups, and Ceremony dedicated to honouring IPI its Tunisia Monitoring Group – which press freedom heroes on September 25. includes over 20 IFEX members, among [8] The late U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl and them IPI. Mills moderated a panel on the South African editor and publisher Ray- future for audiovisual newsgathering in mond Louw were named IPI’s 61st and Tunisia nearly one year after the fall of 62nd World Press Freedom Heroes, while the dictatorship. Following the confe- Tunisia’s Radio Kalima was presented rence, Mills met with the new speaker with the IPI Free Media Pioneer Award of Tunisia’s parliament. 2011. A special citation was given to the Japanese newspaper Ishinomaki Hibi Shimbun for its heroic publishing efforts Conference on the Safety [9] in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan in March 2011. of Journalists – Paris IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel Nations and its Agencies – Proposal for a IACA Roundtable on McKenzie took part in the UN Inter- Plan of Action” with a focus on the weak Agency Meeting on the Safety of Jour- ness of the instruments currently avail Media and Corruption nalists and the Issue of Impunity. Bethel able to the UN Human Rights Council In July 2011, Press Freedom Manager McKenzie delivered a presentation at the and how the system could be improved Anthony Mills spoke on a panel at the session titled “Challenges to the United without threatening press freedom. International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA) in Baden, Austria. The focus of the panel was “Corruption & the Media” – including discussion both about the role the media plays in fighting corruption and the problem of corruption within journalism.

Jordan From December 5 to 7, IPI Press Free- dom Manager Anthony Mills attended the Media Freedom Defenders in the Arab World regional conference in Amman, on behalf of the IPI exectuvie director. The conference was hosted by the Amman-based Center for Defending Freedom of Journalists, and supported by the Norwegian Embassy in Amman. It brought together a host of media professionals and observers from across the region. Mills spoke on a panel titled “Arab and international rights organisations – Where do they stand? What are their roles? What have they achieved during the Arab Spring?” [10]

[8/9] IPI Senior Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Pacific Barbara Trionfi [8] together with [9] Austrian State Secre- Tunisia tary Wolfgang Waldner (left) and UN Special Rapporteur Frank La Rue speak at a press conference following the Expert From December 12 to 13, IPI Press Meeting on Journalists’ Safety, organised by the Austrian Foreign Ministry in cooperation with IPI on Nov. 23, 2011. Freedom Manager Anthony Mills par- [10] Participants at the Expert Meeting on Journalists’ Safety, organised by the Austrian Foreign Ministry in cooperation ticipated in a conference on freedom with IPI.

IPI Annual Report 2011 27 Conferences & Meetings

Meeting on Impunity and general, Thorbjorn Jagland, and a num- the Safety of Journalists – ber of his senior advisers, including Leyla Kayacik, who advises him on Vienna matters related to Turkey. On November 23, IPI, in cooperation with the Austrian Foreign Ministry, held Discussions centred around the deteri- a one-day experts’ meeting on impunity orating press freedom environment in and the Safety of journalists, which end Turkey, where dozens of journalists are ed with a resolve by Austria to carry the imprisoned. critical issue forward during its term on the Human Rights Council of the United National Committee Nations, to which it was elected earlier in the year. The meeting was timed to Activities coincide with the International Day to On November 3 and 4, the IPI Azerbai- End Impunity announced by the free jan National Committee organised the expression umbrella organisation, the first Meeting of National Committee International Freedom of Expression Chairs. The meeting allowed Nation Exchange (IFEX). It marked the second al Committees to come together and anniversary of the November 23, 2009, exchange their views. Seven National Maguindanao massacre, in which 32 Committee representatives were pre- journalists in the Philippines were killed sent at the Baku meeting, including while travelling with a local politician. those from Azerbaijan, Germany, India, The experts’ meeting was followed by Nigeria, Slovakia, South Korea and a press briefing from Austrian State Turkey. The aim of the meeting was to Secretary Dr. Wolfgang Waldner, hosted discuss the roles and responsibilities at the Austrian Foreign Ministry. of national committees, cooperation with the IPI secretariat, membership Council of Europe Secretary and fundraising issues, as well as press freedom concerns. During the event the General & Human Rights IPI chairman and the executive director, IPI Press Freedom Manager Anthony as well as the National Committee chairs Mills visited the Council of Europe in present, were able to meet with Azer- Strasbourg in July on behalf of IPI Exe- baijani members and express concerns cutive Director Alison Bethel McKenzie regarding the press freedom situation in for a meeting with the body’s secretary- that country. 

[11] Confirmed speakers for the IPI World Congress in Trinidad and Tobago, June 23–26, 2012.

[12] Opposite page: Journalists marched from Galata saray Square to Taksim Square, demanding the release of [11] arrested colleagues and better protection for press freedom, March 13, 2011, in Istanbul,Turkey.

28 IPI Annual Report 2011 Conferences & Meetings Chapter 4 © Shutterstock: fulili / Shutterstock.com © Shutterstock:

[12]

IPI Annual Report 2011 29 Press Freedom Press Freedom Chapter 5

Thomas Jefferson (principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence [1776] and third president of the United States [1801–1809], 1743–1826)

[3]

In November 2011, IPI announced the three winning projects for that year’s IPI News Contest: The Voice-Based Citizen Journalism project of the World Wide Web Foundation; Big Picture Digital Journalism from Internews Europe and the Media and Digital Enterprise Project from the University of Central Lancashire.

32 IPI Annual Report 2011 Chapter 5

IPI News Innovation Contest

In February 2011, IPI launched the IPI News Innovation Contest, aimed at ad- Advance Publications vancing the future of news by funding new ways to digitally inform communities – Associate professor and director of in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. the Tow-Knight Center for Entrepre- Through these grants, IPI is supporting projects from for-profit and non-profit neurial Journalism at City University organisations and individuals that revolve around using online news and/or of New York’s Graduate School of advance press freedom, the development of more sustainable business models Journalism or the training of journalists. – Creator of the popular weblog Buzz- The initiative is funded by Google Inc. with $2.7 million. Machine, which tracks developments During the first round, the IPI News Innovation Contest established partnerships in new media with different media groups, NGOs, universities, etc. in order to spread the message and attract more potential participants worldwide. The call for entries Daoud Kuttab was closed with more than 300 applications from 63 countries across the globe. In late November a group of seven professionals in journalism, new technolo- – General manager, Community Media gies, digital journalism, news platforms, training, online business development, Network, Amman, Jordan mobile technologies and press freedom joined the IPI News Innovation Contest – Founder, AmmanNet, Amman, Jor- Advisory Board. Their final reviews identified three winners. dan, the Arab world’s first Internet radio station – IPI member and IPI World Press Free- dom Hero, tuned in to press freedom and media landscapes across the 4.1 Advisory Board – Worked with the Nigerian Television Middle East Members Authority (NTA); ITV Central and – Has written articles regularly for the Bloomberg TV in the UK; and Snell Jordan Times, Jerusalem Post and and Wilcox Ltd., a leading global TV Gulf News, as well as many other Alison Bethel McKenzie broadcast equipment manufacturer publications – Executive director, International Press Torsten De Riese Fernando Samaniego Institute (IPI), Vienna, Austria – 25 years’ experience in journalism as – Managing director of NewsCred Ltd., – Chief digital officer and adviser to the a reporter, bureau chief, senior editor which helps traditional publishers board, Grupo Ferre Rangel, Puerto and trainer monetise their content online Rico, USA – Former senior assistant city editor at – Worked as digital director at CNBC – Former COO of publications, online the Boston Globe; former Washing- Europe, leading CNBC’s digital stra- & IT, Arab Media Group (AMG), ton, D.C., bureau chief for the Detroit tegy for the EMEA region Dubai, UAE News; former managing editor at the – Specialties: e-readers, apps, platform – More than 15 years’ experience on Nassau Guardian, in the Bahamas publishing, digital marketing, stra- four continents transforming tradition tegic media technology, licensing, al media companies into new media Tony Dara copyright, digitisation market leaders and managing complex digital operations with massive – TV broadcast engineer by training Jeff Jarvis traffic – Founder of NN24 (Network News – Extensive work with media organi- 24), Nigeria’s first 24-hour news – Former president and creative director sations worldwide, including news channel of Advance Internet, the online arm of papers, TV, Internet and mobile

IPI Annual Report 2011 33 IPI News Innovation Contest

Amy Webb – CEO and principal consultant, Webbmedia, Baltimore, USA Description: The project links several key activities that are – 15+ years working with digital media, founder of several critical to the success of news innovation activities: specific Web-based companies training in cutting-edge data journalism skills and the funda- – Clients have said that Webb has “an encyclopaedic know- mentals of digital business using an innovative combination of ledge of the tech industry” and “immediate access to all of face-to-face workshops and online learning support, tailored the latest and most important trends”. support from software developers and business incubation experts for high-potential enterprises, on-going networking Contest winners activities for all participants, and critical reflection and reporting on the project and process in order to disseminate Project Name learning to the wider journalism industry. Voice-Based Citizen Journalism Almost US$600,000 will be given to these projects to develop Organisation their proposals under IPI’s supervision. Funds not invested World Wide Web Foundation during 2011 will be distributed during a second round of the IPI News Innovation Contest in 2012.  Area of Execution France, Netherlands and Mali

Description: The project will design, implement and validate a novel voice news platform that is suitable for rural regions in developing countries, and that combines Web platform facilities with spoken content and associated voice services accessible and manageable through simple mobile phones. This platform enables voice-based citizen journalism to gather and deliver news from and to people in rural regions through community radio as well as their own mobile phones, independently of their language, education level, type of phone and Internet connectivity.

Project Name Big Picture Digital Journalism

Organisation Internews Europe

Area of Execution [1] [2] [3] Ivory Coast, Uganda, Rwanda, Central African Republic, Kenya

Description: This project will focus on three core areas: a crowdsourced journalism training program, crowdsourced journalism project support, and a crowdsourced journalism practitioner platform. The project seeks to improve journalism excellence by increasing the availability of expertise in crowdsourced journalism approaches and by increasing the number [4] [5] [6] of journalists with the skills to leverage crowdsourcing approa- 2011 IPI News Contest Reviewers ches, in order to contribute to press freedom and democracy. [1] Daoud Kuttab [2] Tony Dara [3] Jeff Jarvis [4] Alison Bethel McKenzie [5] Torsten De Riese Project Name [6] Fernando Samaniego [7] Amy Webb The Media and Digital Enterprise Project (MaDE)

Organisation Journalism Leaders Programme, University of Central Lancashire [7]

Area of Execution: United Kingdom and Turkey

34 IPI Annual Report 2011 Press

So far this year: Dozens of journalists killed. Hundreds more attacked and imprisoned. Free media under threat worldwide. When you defend press freedom, you defend everyone’s right to know. Press freedom. Support the International Press Institute (IPI). Visit our website at www.freemedia.at or support the IPI Press Freedom Fund directly at IBAN: AT81 3200 0000 0702 5984; BIC: RLNWATWW. Press Freedom Press Freedom Chapter 6 © Shutterstock: wellphoto © Shutterstock: 38 IPI Annual Report 2011 Chapter 6

Annexes

5.1 Income and Expenses Income 2010 Income 2010 Conferences 36% 23% 22% Other income 23% Conferences Other income Membership dues 22% 15% Membership dues Contributions 15% Contributions Publications – 4% Publications – sale of advertising sale of advertising 36% 4% 100%

1% Expenses 2010 Expenses 2010 16% 53% Employee benefits 53% Employee benefits Press Freedom mission costs 30% Press Freedom mission costs 22% Supplies, consumables and running costs Supplies, consumables and 16% 23% running costs Contracted services Contracted services 1% 30% 100%

5.2 Membership trends, numbers, etc. Benefits for IPI Members international survey of the state of We have arranged for1% additional bene- press freedom worldwide 15% In 2011, IPI was very active on the mem- fits for our16% members and are looking53% bership front. We were able to recruit to expand36% these benefits in the 4%future. – All research publications provided at 126 new members from 36 countries. IPI has arranged a 20-percent tuition no extra charge Austria, Germany, Nigeria, Norway, discount for on-site seminars with our Switzerland and Zambia are among the partner Poynter Institute in St. Peters- – Access to the IPI archives and library countries from which the most members burg, Florida. We also have a reciprocity were recruited. In most cases this was agreement with the National Press Club – Discounts at IPI conferences and due to the diligent work of our national in Washington, D.C., and hope that other seminars committees or board members in those such reciprocity agreements with press countries or, in a number of other cases clubs across the world will follow soon. – Special hotel rates and discounts on – particularly the cases of Nigeria and flights during IPI conferences Zambia – also to IPI visits by the IPI Other benefits30% include: executive director and staff. – Worldwide professional contacts and – 20-percent discount at Best Western networking possibilities Hotels worldwide We were also able to recruit several new members during the IPI World Congress – A free copy of the annual “World in Taipei in September. Press Freedom Review”, the leading

IPI Annual Report 2011 39 Annexes

5.3 Membership activities and events The IPI executive director and Naomi Hunt, press freedom adviser for Africa & the Middle East, travelled to Nigeria in Together with the newly formed Austrian National Commit- July, where they met with the newly re-established IPI Nigeri- tee, IPI held an event at its office on February 17. Vice Chair an National Committee and IPI members in Abuja and Lagos. Galina Sidorova spoke about the situation in Russia to a group During the visit, they were able to recruit 10 new members. of Austrian journalists. Articles about the talk appeared in two major Austrian dailies, and it was the first in a series of IPI staff members Christiane Klint, Steven M. Ellis and events that will hopefully bring more local attention to IPI. Mike Waltner attended the Asian American Journalists Other events organised by the Austrian National Committee Association’s convention in Detroit from August 10 to 13, included the running of a press freedom ad in 11 Austrian at the invitation of IPI Vice Chairman Simon Li, who is an dailies criticising the new Hungary media law and a televised active member of AAJA and was awarded their “Leadership discussion in cooperation with the Austrian Broadcasting in Diversity” award during the gala banquet on August 13. Corporation, as part of the “ORF-DialogForum” TV series, Thanks to Mr. Li, IPI had a booth at the convention and the titled “From Orban to Murdoch”. IPI Press Freedom Manager IPI staff were able to promote the work of the organisation, Anthony Mills took part in this discussion, which included as well as hand out publications and invitations to the World representatives from the BBC, the European Broadcasting Congress in Taipei. Union and a Hungarian media expert. IPI is also working closely with IPI board member Owais The IPI North American Committee has a new chairman. Aslam Ali to form a National Committee in Pakistan and Ryan Blethen, editorial page editor and associate publisher combine the launch of the committee with a visit to Pakistan. at The Seattle Times, has taken over the chairmanship of the  IPI NAC from Patricia Smith, managing editor at Global Journalist. Under the new leadership, the IPI NAC is looking 5.4 List of National Committees to re-energise membership in the US and is working closely with IPI Vienna to attract new members to the organisation. IPI has National Committees in the following countries: IPI Executive Director Alison Bethel McKenzie and Christiane Klint, who is in charge of membership and global relations, Austria travelled to Nairobi in April 2011, where IPI board member Azerbaijan Linus Gitahi, group CEO of the National Media Group in Bangladesh Kenya, organised a cocktail event to introduce IPI to Kenyan media professionals and to recruit new members. The event Denmark was well attended and there was significant interest in IPI and Finland its work, which has had ties to Kenya since 1965. Germany The IPI German National Committee met in Munich on July India 11. The meeting was hosted by IPI member Helmut Mark- Japan wort, editor-in-chief of the magazine Focus. IPI chairman Korea Carl-Eugen Eberle was elected new chairman of the IPI Nepal German National Committee, as Jörg Riebartsch stepped down after six years at the helm. Under the chairmanship of Nigeria Mr. Riebartsch, the almost defunct National Committee grew Norway into a successful grouping of some of the most important Slovakia media houses in Germany. Aside from general housekeeping matters, the German IPI committee discussed how it could Taiwan (ROC) raise its profile and recruit more members. The committee Turkey members also discussed how best to cooperate with the UK IPI Secretariat in Vienna on press freedom and fundraising USA efforts.

40 IPI Annual Report 2011 Annexes Chapter 6

IPI members belong to the following organisations:

Organisation Country Albanian Independent News Agency TIR-FAX ALBANIA Albanian Media Institute ALBANIA Diario Clarín ARGENTINA Diario Popular ARGENTINA Editorial Perfil S.A. ARGENTINA El Día ARGENTINA Grupo Infobae ARGENTINA La Nación ARGENTINA La Prensa ARGENTINA Journalists for the Future ARMENIA McPherson Media Group AUSTRALIA The Age AUSTRALIA The Daily Telegraph AUSTRALIA Austria Presse Agentur (APA) AUSTRIA Der Standard AUSTRIA Die Presse AUSTRIA Kleine Zeitung AUSTRIA Kurier AUSTRIA NEWS AUSTRIA Oberösterreichische Nachrichten AUSTRIA ORF – Austrian Broadcasting Corporation AUSTRIA Profil AUSTRIA University of Vienna AUSTRIA Azerbaijan Press Council AZERBAIJAN Azerbaijan Press Information Agency AZERBAIJAN Journalists Union of Azerbaijan AZERBAIJAN Monthly Magazine “Qanun” AZERBAIJAN The International Eurasia Press Fund AZERBAIJAN 525-ji qazet AZERBAIJAN The Tribune BAHAMAS ABC Radio BANGLADESH ATN Bangla Television BANGLADESH BOISHAKHI Television BANGLADESH Channel-I TV BANGLADESH The Daily Ajker Desh Barta BANGLADESH The Daily Destiny BANGLADESH The Daily Independent BANGLADESH The Daily Ittefaq BANGLADESH The Daily Jahan BANGLADESH The Daily JANAKANTHA BANGLADESH The Daily News Today BANGLADESH The Daily Prothom Alo BANGLADESH

IPI Annual Report 2011 41 Annexes

Organisation Country The Daily Star BANGLADESH The Daily Suprobhat BANGLADESH The Nation Publishing Co. Limited BARBADOS Doutrelepont & Associés BELGIUM O Estado de S. Paulo BRAZIL Cameroon Tribune CAMEROON Le Messager CAMEROON The Gazette CANADA University of Toronto Press CANADA El Mercurio CHILE La Nación COSTA RICA STINA (Indepdendent Press Agency) CROATIA Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (CyBC) CYPRUS Union of Cyprus Journalists CYPRUS Charles University CZECH REPUBLIC Czech News Agency CZECH REPUBLIC Czech Television CZECH REPUBLIC Danish Broadcasting Corp. DENMARK Danske Dagblades Forening DENMARK Kristeligt Dagblad DENMARK Nordjyske Medier DENMARK Politiken DENMARK Ritzaus Bureau DENMARK Middle East News Agency EGYPT Eesti Media ESTONIA New Generation University College ETHIOPIA Aamulehti FINLAND Channel Four Finland/News FINLAND Council for Mass Media in Finland FINLAND Etelä-Suomen Sanomat FINLAND Finnish Broadcasting Company FINLAND Finnish News Agency FINLAND Finnish Newspapers Association FINLAND Helsingin Sanomat FINLAND Hufvudstadsbladet FINLAND Ilkka FINLAND Ilta-Sanomat FINLAND Kauppalehti FINLAND Kustannusosakeyhtiö Iltalehti FINLAND Maaseudun Tulevaisuus FINLAND MTV 3 FINLAND Salon Seudun Sanomat FINLAND Suomen Kuvalehti FINLAND Yleisradio FINLAND

42 IPI Annual Report 2011 Annexes Chapter 6

Organisation Country Agence France Presse (AFP) FRANCE ARD GERMANY Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung GERMANY dapd Nachrichtenagentur GERMANY Darmstaedter Echo GERMANY Deutsche Welle Radio and Deutsche Welle World GERMANY Deutscher Verband der Pressejournalisten e.V. GERMANY Diesbach Medien GmbH GERMANY dpa – Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH GERMANY DPV – Deutscher Presse Verband GERMANY Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen, Programmdirektion GERMANY European Pressphoto Agency BV – epa GERMANY Focus Magazin Verlag GmbH GERMANY Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GERMANY Hanauer Anzeiger GERMANY Hannover’sche Allgemeine Zeitung GERMANY Hubert Burda Media Holding GmbH & Co KG GERMANY Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung GERMANY Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlags GmbH GERMANY Nordbayerischer Kurier GERMANY Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung GERMANY Süddeutsche Zeitung GERMANY Südwest Presse GERMANY Verlag Die Abendzeitung GERMANY Verlag DuMont Schauberg GERMANY Verlag W. Girardet GERMANY ZDF-Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen GERMANY Africanews.com & Smile Ghana GHANA The Enquirer GHANA Ermis Mass Media Communcation SA GREECE Kathimerini Daily Newspaper GREECE Lambrakis Press S.A. GREECE Guyana Publications Ltd. GUYANA Panos Caribbean HAITI SOS Journalistes HAITI Heti Vilaggazdasag (HVG) HUNGARY Hungarian News Agency (MTI) HUNGARY Hungarian Television (MTV) HUNGARY Nepszabadsag HUNGARY RUV, Icelandic National Broadcasting Service ICELAND ABP Pvt. Ltd. INDIA Deccan Herald INDIA DINAMALAR – Tamil Daily INDIA HT Media Ltd. – Hindustan Times INDIA

IPI Annual Report 2011 43 Annexes

Organisation Country India Today INDIA Malayala Manorama INDIA Press Trust of India INDIA The Hindu INDIA The Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Co. LTD. INDIA Harian Berita Sore INDONESIA Kompas Daily INDONESIA Suara Pembaruan Daily INDONESIA RTE IRELAND ADN KRONOS S.p.A. ITALY Corriere della Sera ITALY IPS International News Agency ITALY Asahi Shimbun JAPAN Chunichi Shimbun JAPAN Ehime Shimbun JAPAN Gifu Shimbun JAPAN Hokkaido Shimbun JAPAN Hokkoku Shimbun JAPAN Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) JAPAN Jiji Press JAPAN Kahoku Shimpo JAPAN Kitanippon Shimbun JAPAN Kobe Shimbun JAPAN Kochi Shimbun JAPAN Kumamoto Nichi-Nichi Shimbun JAPAN Kyodo News JAPAN Kyoto Shimbun JAPAN Mainichi Shimbun JAPAN Nihon Shinbun Kyokai (NSK) JAPAN Niigata Nippo JAPAN Nikkei Inc. JAPAN Sankei Shimbun JAPAN Sanyo Shimbun JAPAN Shinano Mainichi Shimbun JAPAN Shizuoka Shimbun JAPAN The Nishinippon Shimbun Co., Ltd. JAPAN The Shinano Mainichi Shimbun Inc. JAPAN Tokushima Shimbun JAPAN Yomiuri Shimbun JAPAN African Woman and Child Feature Service KENYA Nation Media Group Limited KENYA Daegu Ilbo KOREA Maeil Business Newspaper KOREA Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) KOREA

44 IPI Annual Report 2011 Annexes Chapter 6

Organisation Country The Chosun Ilbo KOREA The Dong-A Ilbo KOREA The Kangwon Daily News KOREA The Kangwon Domin Ilbo KOREA The Kookmin Ilbo KOREA The Maeil Shinmun KOREA The Munhwa Ilbo KOREA The Pusan Ilbo KOREA The Segye Times KOREA Yonhap News Agency KOREA YTN KOREA Dar Al Yaqza KUWAIT Latvian Media Professionals Training Center LATVIA Latvijas Radio LATVIA UNADEP LEBANON Daily Observer Newspaper LIBERIA Editpress Luxembourg S.A. LUXEMBOURG Malawi Today Newspaper MALAWI The Daily Express MALAYSIA The Sunday Times MALTA The Times MALTA Diario de Acayucan MEXICO Independent Journalism Center MOLDOVA mediaFAX MOZAMBIQUE Savana MOZAMBIQUE The Namibian NAMIBIA Annapurnapost Daily NEPAL BBC Nepali Sawa NEPAL CEHURDES NEPAL College of Journalism and Mass Communication NEPAL Freedom Forum NEPAL Gatibidhi Weekly NEPAL Ghatana Ra Vichar Weekly NEPAL IPI Nepal Press Freedom Centre NEPAL Kamana Prakashan Samuha Pvt Ltd. NEPAL Kantipur complex NEPAL Kantipur Publications (P) Ltd. NEPAL Media Point NEPAL Nepal Television NEPAL Radio Nepal NEPAL Dutch Sequoia NETHERLANDS Koninklijke Wegener NETHERLANDS Nieuwsblad van het Noorden NETHERLANDS Agence Anfani NIGER

IPI Annual Report 2011 45 Annexes

Organisation Country Abuja-Africa Newsweek Magazine NIGERIA Champion Newspapers Ltd. NIGERIA Citizen Communications Ltd. NIGERIA Current Incorporated NIGERIA Express Multimedia Ltd. NIGERIA Finlay Communications Ltd. NIGERIA Guardian Newspapers Ltd. NIGERIA Hi Media Limited NIGERIA Leadership Newspaper Group Ltd. NIGERIA Magnet Media (Nigeria) Ltd. NIGERIA Media Trust (Nigeria) Ltd. NIGERIA New Nigeria Newspapers NIGERIA News Star Newspaper NIGERIA Newswatch Communications Ltd. NIGERIA Nigerian Compass NIGERIA Nigerian Institute of Journalism NIGERIA Nigerian Press Council NIGERIA NN24 NIGERIA People’s Media Ltd. NIGERIA Pintail Communications Ltd. NIGERIA Punch Nigeria Ltd. NIGERIA Rivers State Newspaper Corporation NIGERIA Syndicated Communications Ltd. NIGERIA The ICON Publications NIGERIA The Nation Newspaper (Sunday) NIGERIA The Sun Newspapers NIGERIA This day Newspaper NIGERIA Vanguard Media Ltd. NIGERIA Adresseavisen NORWAY Aftenposten NORWAY Aller Media NORWAY A-Pressen Norge NORWAY Association of Editors in Norway NORWAY Avisenes Nyhetsbyrå NORWAY Bergens Tidende NORWAY Bergensavisen NORWAY Berner Gruppen AS NORWAY Dagbladet NORWAY Dagens Naeringsliv NORWAY Dagsavisen NORWAY Drammens Tidende NORWAY E24.no NORWAY Edda Media NORWAY Fædrelandsvennen NORWAY

46 IPI Annual Report 2011 Annexes Chapter 6

Organisation Country Fredriksstad Blad NORWAY Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen NORWAY Hamar Arbeiderblad NORWAY Haugesunds Avis NORWAY Institute of Journalism NORWAY Media Norge ASA NORWAY MTG Norway NORWAY Nationen NORWAY Nordlys NORWAY Norsk Telegrambyra (NTB) NORWAY Norwegian Broadcasting Corp. – NRK NORWAY Oppland Arbeiderblad NORWAY Østlendingen NORWAY Polaris Media NORWAY Rogalands Avis NORWAY Romerikes Blad NORWAY Sandefjords Blad NORWAY Schibsted ASA NORWAY Stavanger Aftenblad NORWAY Sunnmørsposten NORWAY The Norwegian Press Association NORWAY Tønsbergs Blad NORWAY Varden NORWAY VG Multimedia NORWAY Akhbar-E-Jahan PAKISTAN Cholistan Press Institute PAKISTAN Daily Asas / Daily Lashkar PAKISTAN Dawn – English language daily PAKISTAN Geo TV Pakistan PAKISTAN Jang Group of Newspapers PAKISTAN Nawa-i-Waqt PAKISTAN Pakistan Press International (PPI) PAKISTAN The Nation PAKISTAN The News PAKISTAN Trade Chronicle PAKISTAN Zamana Group of Newspapers PAKISTAN Institute of Modern Media PALESTINE Diario El Comercio PERU Philippine Daily Inquirer PHILIPPINES The Philippine Star/Philstar Daily, Inc. PHILIPPINES Agora S.A. / Gazeta Wyborcza POLAND Polish Press Agency (PAP) POLAND SOJORNAL – Sociedade Jornalística e Editorial, SA PORTUGAL Aljazeera Network QATAR

IPI Annual Report 2011 47 Annexes

Organisation Country Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project ROMANIA Romanian Radio Broadcasting Corporation ROMANIA Argumenty i Fakty RUSSIA Citizens’ Watch RUSSIA Foundation for Investigative Journalism – Foundation 19/29 RUSSIA Glasnost Defence Foundation RUSSIA ITAR-TASS News Agency RUSSIA National Association of Telebroadcasters (NAT) RUSSIA Russian Union of Journalists RUSSIA Samoan Observer SAMOA B92 SERBIA Blic Daily Newspaper SERBIA Danas SERBIA Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. SINGAPORE D.Expres a.s. Slovakia MAC TV s.r.o. Slovakia Radio Viva a.s. Slovakia Ringier Slovakia a.s. Slovakia Rowan Legal s.r.o. Slovakia SITA a.s. Slovakia SITA-Slovak News Agency Slovakia Slovak Radio Slovakia Slovak Spectator Slovakia SME Slovakia SOZA Slovakia TV Markiza Slovakia TV Tip a.s. Slovakia Tyzden Slovakia Delo SLOVENIA RTV Slovenija SLOVENIA City Press (Sunday Newspaper) SOUTH AFRICA Financial Mail SOUTH AFRICA Independent Newspapers SOUTH AFRICA Southern Africa Report SOUTH AFRICA The Natal Witness SOUTH AFRICA The Star SOUTH AFRICA A.E.D.E. SPAIN Agencia EFE SPAIN Cadena Ser SPAIN Diario ABC / Vocento S.A. SPAIN Diario Sur / Prensa Malagueña SPAIN Editorial Prensa Ibérica S.A. SPAIN El Comercio SPAIN El Diario Vasco SPAIN

48 IPI Annual Report 2011 Annexes Chapter 6

Organisation Country El Mundo SPAIN El Norte de Castilla, S.A. SPAIN El País SPAIN El Periódico de Catalunya SPAIN Europa Press Noticias, S.A. SPAIN Federico Joly y Cía. S.A. (Diario de Cádiz) SPAIN Grupo Godo de Comunicación SPAIN Heraldo de Aragón SPAIN Hoy – Diario de Extremadura SPAIN La Region, S.A. SPAIN La Voz de Galicia SPAIN Las Provincias SPAIN Revista Leer SPAIN Vocento S.A. SPAIN Wijeya Newspapers Ltd. SRI LANKA Göteborgs-Posten SWEDEN Dagens Nyheter SWEDEN Sydsvenska Dagbladet SWEDEN Der Sonntag SWITZERLAND Distripress SWITZERLAND Neue Zürcher Zeitung AG SWITZERLAND Ringier AG SWITZERLAND Schaffhauser Nachrichten SWITZERLAND Swiss Boadcasting Corporation SWITZERLAND Tages-Anzeiger SWITZERLAND China Evening News TAIWAN (ROC) China Times TAIWAN (ROC) CommonWealth & CommonHealth Magazines TAIWAN (ROC) Global Views Monthly TAIWAN (ROC) Next Media Group TAIWAN (ROC) Public Television Service Foundation TAIWAN (ROC) United Daily News Group TAIWAN (ROC) Nation Multimedia Group THAILAND Prachatai THAILAND Association of Caribbean Media Workers TRINIDAD & TOBAGO Citadel Ltd. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO One Caribbean Media Ltd. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO CNN Türk TURKEY Cumhuriyet TURKEY Daily Dünya TURKEY Dogan Media Group TURKEY GLOBUS Dünya Basinevi TURKEY Hürriyet Printing and Publishing Co. TURKEY IHLAS News Agency (IHA) TURKEY

IPI Annual Report 2011 49 Annexes

Organisation Country Milliyet TURKEY Radikal Daily TURKEY Sabah Daily TURKEY Turkish Daily News TURKEY New Vision UGANDA The Monitor UGANDA Veritas Radio UGANDA BBC UK BBC Radio 4 and BBC 7 UK BBC Scotland UK BBC World Service UK Cardiff University Centre for Journalism Studies UK Channel 5 UK Channel Four Television UK City University Graduate School of Journalism UK City University London UK Daily Mail & General Trust plc UK Daily Mirror UK Evening Standard UK Financial Times UK Five Broadcasting UK Global Broadcast Networks Ltd UK Independent Television News (ITN) UK Johnston Press plc UK Reuters Ltd. UK Solo Syndication UK The Daily Telegraph UK The Economist UK The Guardian UK The Guardian Foundation UK The Independent UK The Observer UK The Press Association UK The Reuter Society UK The Sunday Telegraph UK The Telegraph Media Group UK The Times UK Andrews McMeel Universal USA Associated Press (AP) USA Columbia University School of Journalism USA CNN USA Delphos Herald Inc. USA GlobalPost USA LA Times-Washington Post News Service USA

50 IPI Annual Report 2011 Annexes Chapter 6

Organisation Country Missouri School of Journalism USA New Tang Dynasty Television (NTDTV) USA San Francisco Bay Guardian USA Scripps Howard Foundation USA St. Petersburg Times USA The Boston Globe USA The Honolulu Advertiser USA The Los Angeles Times USA The Manhattan Mercury (Seaton Newspapers) USA The New York Times USA The Nieman Foundation USA The Oregonian USA The Philadelphia Inquirer USA The Plain Dealer USA The Seattle Times USA The Toledo Blade & The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette USA The Week Magazine USA University of Miami School of Communications USA University of Missouri School of Journalism USA USA Today USA Venevision Continental VENEZUELA Yemen Times YEMEN Media Network on Child Rights and Development ZAMBIA MISA Zambia ZAMBIA Post Newspapers Limited ZAMBIA Press Association of Zambia (PAZA) ZAMBIA Southern Times (Namibia) ZAMBIA Zambia Daily Mail ZAMBIA Zambia Media Women’s Association ZAMBIA The Daily News ZIMBABWE

IPI Annual Report 2011 51 IPI Executive Board 2011

5.5 IPI Executive Board 2011 Chairman

Carl-Eugen Eberle Former Director of Legal Affairs, ZDF German Television, Germany

Vice Chairs

Simon Li, Pavol Múdry Galina Sidorova Former Assistant Founder and former Chairperson, Foundation Managing Editor, General Manager, for Investigative Journa- Los Angeles Times, USA SITA-Slovak News Agency, lism – Foundation 19/29, Slovakia Russia

Board Members

Owais Aslam Ali Ferial Haffajee Markus Spillmann Chairman, Pakistan Press International Editor-in-Chief, City Press, Editor-in-Chief, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, (PPI), Pakistan South Africa Switzerland

George Brock Tom Hetland Piotr Stasinski Professor and Head of Journalism, Editor-in-Chief, Stavanger Aftenblad, Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Gazeta Wyborcza City University, UK Norway and Publisher, Agora SA, Poland

Monjurul Ahsan Bulbul So-Whan Hyon Dawn Thomas Editor-in-Chief and CEO, Boishakhi TV, Editor-in-Chief, News and News.com, Chief Executive Officer,O ne Caribbean Bangladesh South Korea Media Ltd., Trinidad & Tobago

Kiyofuku Chuma Edit Inotai Ferai Tinç Chief Editor, Shinano Mainichi Shimbun, Foreign Editor, Nepszabadsag, Former Foreign Editor and Columnist, Japan Hungary Hürriyet, Turkey

Victor de la Serna Radomir Licina Kabiru Yusuf Deputy Editor, El Mundo, Member of the Board and Senior Editor, Chairman, Media Trust Ltd, Spain Danas, Serbia Nigeria

Michael Ehrenreich Ken MacQuarrie Co-Editor, Kristeligt Dagblad, Director, BBC Scotland, Denmark UK

Alexandra Föderl-Schmid Mikael Pentikäinen Editor-in-Chief, Der Standard, Publisher and Senior Editor-in-Chief, Austria Helsingin Sanomat, Finland

Linus Gitahi N. Ravi Group CEO, Nation Media Group, Editor, The Hindu, Kenya India

Daniel Hadad Patricia Smith CEO, Grupo Infobae, Managing Editor, Global Journalist, Argentina Missouri School of Journalism, USA

52 IPI Annual Report 2011 IPI Staff 2011

5.6 Staff IPI Staff 2011

Alison Bethel Martin Grace Pardy Christiane McKenzie Leonhartsberger Marketing & Klint Executive Finance & Business Membership Director Administration Development and Global Manager Manager Relations

Monika Marta Srokosz Kubiec-Dobosz Administrative Assistant to Officer the Executive Director

Events Team 2011

Michael Milica Miletic Kudlak Conference & Conference & Events Coordi- Events Manager nator

Press Freedom Team 2011

Anthony Mills Steven M. Ellis Mariela Hoyer Naomi Hunt Press Freedom Press Freedom Press Freedom Press Freedom Manager Adviser for Adviser for Latin Adviser for Europe & North America & the Africa & the America Caribbean Middle East

Barbara Trionfi Senior Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Pacific

South East Europe Media Organization (SEEMO)

Oliver Vujovic Mirjana Tomic Lyudmila Handzhiyska SEEMO Secretary SEEMO Press Office & Membership Coordinator / General Freedom Adviser Membership / Database / De Scripto / and Project Conferences / Reports Manager

IPI Annual Report 2011 53 Press Freedom Press Freedom World Press Freedom Overview

Be isolated, be ignored, be attacked, be in doubt, be frightened, but do not be silenced.

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell (British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic [1872–1970])

The IPI World Press Freedom Review is dedicated to the 103 journalists who lost their lives in 2011, either because of their work, while on assignment or as the result of an assignment:

Abiaziz Ahmed Aden Khaled Abdel Hady Valerio Nascimento Nasurullah Afridi Saba Haftbaradaran Asfandyar Abid Naveed Hilal al-Ahmadi Mohamed al-Hamdani Ahmed Nezar Vittorio Arrigoni Taha Hameed David Niño de Guzmán Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri Anton Hammerl Noramfaizul Mohd Nor Wali Khan Babar Abdisalan Sheikh Hassan Abdel Hakim al-Nour Pablo Ruelas Barraza Nelson Hernandez Romeo Olea Sabah al-Bazee Tim Hetherington José Oquendo Reyes John Bean Chris Hondros Yolanda Ordaz de la Cruz Cyril “Roy” Benford Alfredo Hurtado Yensi Roberto Ordoñez Galdámez Adán Benítez Charles Ingabire Nery Jeremias Orellana Anatoly Bitkov Zakiriyya Isa Gerardo “Gerry” Ortega Roberto Bruce Ali Hasan al-Jaber Luz Marina Paz Villalobos Abd al-Ghani al-Bureihi Ferzat Jarban Luciano Pedrosa Rodrigo Cabezón Shafiullah Kahn Phamon Phonphanit Felipe Camiroaga Hadzhimurad Kamalov Umesh Rajput Ángel Castillo Corona Muammar al-Khadir Abdul Wahid Asieh Rakhshani José Luis “La Gata” Cerda Meléndez Sornwichai Khatannukul Merardo Romero Julio César Castillo Ahmad Omed Khpalwak Javed Naseer Rind Jyotirmoy Dey Valderlei Canuto Leandro Luis Emanuel Ruíz Carrillo Lucas Mebrouk Dolega Li Xiang Reza Hoda Saber Gelson Domingos da Silva Paul Lockyer Abdel Majid al-Samawi Cem Emir Noel López Olguín Jamal Ahmed al-Sharabi Karim Fakhrawi Misael López Solana Syed Saleem Shahzad Darío Fernández Jaén Miguel Ángel López Velasco José Agustín Silvestre de los Santos Edinaldo Figueira María Elizabeth Macías Castro Sylvia Slier Medardo Flores Yakhya Magomedov Rafiq Tagı Pedro Flores Silva Hadi al-Mahdi Farhad Taqaddosi Maria Len Flores-Somera Ahmed Mohammed Mahmoud Hassan al-Wadhaf Ibrahim Foday Mohamed Yahia al-Malayia Sebahattin Yılmaz Sylvain Gagnetaud Hector Francisco Medina Wael Yunna Datu Roy Quijada Gallego Luis Mendoza Ibrahim Mohamed Zaki Carolina Gatica Humberto Millán Salazar Suzan Zengin Luis Eduardo Gómez Witness-Patchelly Kambale Musonia Alwan al-Ghorabi Mohammed al-Nabbous

56 IPI Annual Report 2011 World Press Freedom Overview Chapter 7

Foreword

Africa: From ‘Hopeless Continent’ to Global Role Model – Media as a Powerful Force for Change By Charlayne Hunter-Gault

As more and more balloting. And I have either seen or been to pay. And yet, they persevere and African countries in contact with journalists in Zimbabwe, are joined on a regular basis by young join the Family as they risked jail and other forms of people aspiring to do what they do. of Democratic torturous intimidation to shed light in Nations, African the dark corners of their country, to put Moreover, I have been so inspired by journalists and it on the path of righteous governance. the media owners who for the past four media owners are And I have visited journalists jailed years have flocked in growing numbers stepping up to in Ethiopia for the crime of reporting to meetings of the African Media Lead take their rightful dissident voices. Most recently, I wore ers Forum, the flagship program of the places as essential voices necessary for black on a particular day in support African Media Initiative, whose board I the success of the democratic enterprise. of a call by South African journalists, co-chair with Trevor Ncube, the courage- media owners and many civil society ous and much-challenged publisher of in From Tunisia, one of the newest of those organisations protesting a government dependent newspapers in still-troubled nations, to South Africa, not the newest, information bill they are calling “the Zimbabwe. As we recently wrote from but surely the most independent-media- secrecy bill”, which they believe will our last meeting in Tunis: endowed, journalists are insisting that put a lid on both media and the public young governments recognise the role in general, although the government has “Since our last AMLF meeting in they play, affirmed by both history and been pushing back with denials. Cameroon, which concentrated on hel- belief – and that is to inform the newly ping African media owners develop empowered citizens with news they can Sometimes I find myself more effective business models, we have use to ensure that their governments live shedding tears as I learn concentrated on concrete projects that up to the promise of democracy, i.e. the would take AMLF closer to the goal of promise to serve the people and to give about the bravery of developing a media sector that would them a voice in how they are governed. African journalists. help citizens affect social, economic and And even in the newest and in the most political change, not least holding their independently endowed [countries], And on a weekly, sometimes daily, ba- leaders accountable. and [in] many in between, respect for sis, I get reports from the Committee to the role the media play in free societies Protect Journalists, on whose board I “To that end, we are partnering with is often misunderstood or deliberately serve, of the terrifying lengths to which other organisations with similar goals to distorted to justify unjustifiable crack- some governments often go, including add heft to the effort and also, most re- downs, or threats thereof. “disappearing” or murdering journalists cently, we have created a US$1 million who dared to expose corruption, abuse (approx. 790,000 euros) fund to spur Still, over the more than 15 years I of power and other sins of governments innovation in the news industry on the have travelled around this vast conti- that have not yet embraced the true continent.” nent, I have witnessed a Renaissance meaning of democracy. A highly res- – not yet the total African one, but the pected, independent Ethiopian journalist The Tunis meeting focused on further Renaissance in the media, as hopeful recently had to flee his country under enabling African journalists to expand journalists and media owners take on cover of darkness, having gotten word their reach into heretofore unreachable the challenge of realising a continental that he was about to be arrested. And areas by illuminating the promise of Renaissance. I have watched as journa- sometimes I find myself shedding tears social media and its role in empowering lists in Ghana fanned out across their as I learn about the bravery of African citizens, especially in remote and un- country to help ensure an honest elec- journalists working under those con derserved areas, again, to ensure their tion by calling in eyewitness reports on ditions and the price they often have countries stay on the democratic path.

IPI Annual Report 2011 57 World Press Freedom Overview

What is so encouraging about the by The Economist, 11 years after it what Africans were doing for them seriousness with which African media devoted an entire issue to what it called selves. With Africans telling their own owners are taking their responsibilities “the hopeless continent”, press freedom stories, and giving voice to their own is that from an attendance of 50 at our and the free flow of news and informa- aspirations, the rest of the world will first meeting in Dakar four years ago, tion is critical – not just for Africa’s get a far different picture from the ones we grew at our Tunis meeting to 350, sake, but for its global neighbours in they’ve become accustomed to. And representing 48 African countries. They an increasingly interdependent world. maybe, just maybe, Africa can become responded positively to the pledge we With press freedom and free speech, a role model the world can admire and are asking them to sign, agreeing to Africans can give the lie to the image emulate. observe and promote the highest ethical of a continent cast in what I call the standards and best practices. Approp four D’s: death, disease, disaster and Charlayne Hunter-Gault is an award- riately, a revolution in the making in despair. And where the four D’s do – winning writer and international the mother country of the Arab Spring. alas – exist, citizens fighting to change journalist based in Johannesburg. can be heard and maybe helped by an She also serves on the board of the With what I call “the new news” of an outside world, which up to now didn’t Committee to Protect Journalists. ■ Africa rising, acknowledged recently know of their existence and wondered

Introduction Slow Road to Media Freedom in Africa if it is Ever to be Attained By Raymond Louw

In the year 2000 in Africa in the early 1980s: “All over Reports by the New York-based Free- the respected the continent press freedom, in those dom House, which monitors freedom British magazine countries where it has existed at all, is of the press throughout the world, have The Economist in retreat.’’ As an example he pointed reflected the changes in press freedom described Afri- to Nigeria, which had a succession of in Africa over time. In 1980 it rated only ca as “the hope military administrations that “exacted two of Africa’s 44 countries as “free”, less continent”. harsh penalties from newspapers and with a further eight “partly free” and 34 The publication their staff … By the 1980s the major “not free”. was referring to ity of newspapers and radio and TV Africa’s lack of economic progress, but stations were under government control Then came “the lost decade”, in which the term could be applied just as readily or ownership.” The small number of economies withered and freedoms were to the African media. privately owned outlets that remained trampled on. By 1990, the overall pic- suffered under a decree that forbade ture was of a repressed media. Freedom Following the emancipation of African publication of any report, whether true House’s “free” countries had increased states from colonialism that began with or false, that embarrassed the adminis to three, while the “partly free” had Kwame Nkrumah’s takeover of Ghana tration or its officials. slumped to three, and the “not free” had in the 1960s, the economies of many of increased to 37. the newly “liberated” countries deterio- One victim was former IPI Chairman rated as one-party socialist governance Lateef Jakande (1972-74), managing di- Opposition to authoritarian one-party took over and nationalisation, corrup- rector and editor of the Nigerian Tribune rule mounted, culminating in multi- tion, and abuse of power flourished. and governor of Lagos, who was jailed in party rule in a number of states in the The new rulers copied the authoritarian December 1983 for 20 months without early nineties. The arrival of opposition practices of their colonial predecessors any charge being laid against him. political parties heralded an opportunity or introduced their own repressive laws for a less subservient media. Freedom in keeping with the concept that they Ghana was no different, with all “nega- House again reflected the changes: in could do no wrong. tive” comment of the government and 2000 a “freedom peak” of sorts was re- its leaders regarded as a serious offence. corded with “free” countries numbering IPI staffer Kit Coppard in his histori- Many newspapers and magazines were six, “partly free” rising to 16 and “not cal review, IPI: The Defence of Press banned in the 1980s for “unpatriotic” free” declining to 26, or 54% of the Freedom, describes the media situation reports. continent’s 48 countries.

58 IPI Annual Report 2011 World Press Freedom Overview Chapter 7

But progress has been scrappy, marked Thus the picture today shows media With South Africa eschewing its apar by erratic gyrations of governments freedom advancing fitfully. In many theid label of a “pariah” state and rising swinging from aspirations to greater countries there are somewhat thin forms to a leading position on the continent, democracy and freedom under one lead er of democracy, with a number of domi- other African countries have begun to autocratic rule under a successor, or nant-party states and other governments examining its practices as a guide to vice versa. This seesaw to and from a characterised by autocratic rule. their own policies. Thus Zambia and state of tenuous freedom has taken place Tanzania, which are contemplating recently in Botswana, Zambia, and Ma- High hopes were entertained when statutory media controls, are keenly lawi. There are still too many repressive apartheid, with its huge apparatus of watching the ANC’s hostility towards regimes. Every week, one or two cases repression, collapsed in 1994 to be re- the South African Press Council’s self- are reported of journalists being jailed placed by the African National Congress regulatory system of dealing with the on spurious charges, harassed, or beaten (ANC) government, which introduced a media’s ethical and professional lapses, up, or of publications and radio stations consti tution hailed as one of the best in in order to obtain guidance regarding being closed. These reports are inters- the world and with clauses entrenching their approaches to regulation. persed with other, less frequent, reports media freedom and access to information. of the assassination of journalists. But as the quality of governance deterio- Clearly, the path ahead for media free- rated and corruption, cronyism, and abuse dom in Africa is fraught with difficulty The tally of journalists languishing of power took over, the press, which and danger. in prison in Africa, according to the had enjoyed untrammelled freedom and Committee to Protect Journalists, is 50. gained a reputation for energetically Eritrea tops the list with 28 imprisoned uncovering malpractice, encountered Raymond Louw is a Fellow of IPI and journalists, some for more than 10 years hostility from the government. A clutch was a board member from 1979 to and all without being charged in court of new laws that would restrict informa- 1987. In 2011, Louw was named an IPI with any offence. Worldwide, Eritrea tion gathering and publication arrived. World Press Freedom Hero for his is second only to Iran, which has 42 contributions to media freedom in his journalists in prison. Ethiopia is the While throughout the continent free- home country of South Africa, as well second-biggest jailer in Africa, with dom progressed with Freedom House’s as throughout southern Africa. seven imprisoned journalists. Other “not free” countries dropping further He was an editor of the Rand Daily Mail countries with journalists in jail are to 24 and “partly free” rising to 19, in Johannesburg and until recently Sudan and Ivory Coast with four each, South Africa, which had been raised to a editor and publisher of the weekly Morocco with two, and Burundi, Egypt, “free” country in 1994, was downgraded current affairs newsletter, Southern Gambia, Tunisia, and Libya each with in 2010 to “partly free”, reducing the Africa Report. ■ one. overall tally of “free” countries to five.

Global Overview: Even in the European Union, Press Freedom under Threat By Anthony Mills, Press Freedom Manager

In December 2011, U.S. Secretary of creasingly authoritarian grip on power, loped Western world a free media cannot State Hillary Clinton sent a letter to while eliminating political rivals. An be taken for granted. Hungary may be EU member state Hungary expressing all-powerful Media Council – com- the Western country around which the concern about the state of the country’s prised of Fidesz party loyalists – holds greatest press freedom concern centres democracy – a significant act. The move a Damocles sword over media outlets; right now, but it is not alone. was prompted by a raft of new legis the integrity and independence of public lation in Hungary, much of it enshrined media is in question. A new Media Con- In the United Kingdom, following the in a new constitution, imperilling funda- stitution, using vague wording, prohibits News of the World hacking scandal reve- mental democratic pillars, in particular a broad array of “transgressions” by the lations, Prime Minister David Cameron independent media. Prime Minister media, encouraging self-censorship. spoke publicly of the possible need for Viktor Orban’s Fidesz party, which statutory regulation of the print media. holds two-thirds of seats in parliament, Developments in Hungary offered a His comments, and the swiftness with appears to be seeking to cement an in- stark reminder that even in the deve which the British government and par-

IPI Annual Report 2011 59 World Press Freedom Overview

liament jumped at the opportunity to In short: Even in the West, where the ico. Of the worldwide 102 journalists spread the net of investigation to include right to basic freedoms is perceived as killed because of their job that year, much more than just the inexcusable self-evident, the media was under threat 10 were slain in Mexico – all of them phone hacking, were disconcerting and in 2011. targeted by drug trade murderers. raised fears that press freedom may be threatened. Those fears were fuelled by Across the Arab world, uprisings The killing spree in Mexico helped an attempt by the Metropolitan Police prompted brutal crackdowns. Journal propel Latin America to an unenviable to oblige a Guardian reporter to reveal ists were not spared; often they were position as the world’s most danger her source for stories about murdered deliberately targeted, and many were ous region for reporters. So, too, did schoolgirl Millie Dowler (whose phone killed. Sadly, the unseating of dictators violence-plagued Honduras, where six was hacked by the News of the World). in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt did not journalists were killed. After an uproar, the attempt – made translate into full freedom for the me- under Britain’s Official Secrets Act no dia. Of course, in all three countries the Asia remained lethal for the media. less – was dropped. media is now much more diverse and Pakistan was the most dangerous coun- vibrant, but old habits die hard, and try on the continent, with six media In France, the head of the country’s journalists – especially in Egypt – are professionals slain. Four were killed in domestic intelligence service stood ac- still victims of repression. the Philippines – which IPI visited on a cused of ordering agents to spy on jour- press freedom mission. nalists investigating a corruption affair The most dangerous with potential ramifications for French In Ethiopia, a number of President Nicolas Sarkozy. The move country in the world critical journalists were constituted an alleged attempt to identify for journalists in 2011 a government source who was feeding rounded up and charged the journalists information. was Mexico. with terrorism. And in Greece, two German journalists In Bahrain, reporters were reportedly were criminally charged with defama- tortured to death by the authorities. In While Africa was statistically less dan- tion for writing less-than-glowingly Yemen they were also murdered and gerous for journalists than Latin Ame- about the country in the context of the assaulted with impunity. And in the rica, its many repressive regimes used a Euro crisis. case of Syria no one knows exactly variety of means to silence journalists, how many journalists – particularly including terrorism charges, imprison- A host of renowned citizen journalists – are among the tens ment, harassment, assault, criminal de- of thousands of people reportedly defamation trials and threats. In Ethiopia, news outlets – including tained and tortured during the uprising. a number of critical journalists were The New York Times and rounded up and charged with terrorism, Associated Press – There was no uprising in Iran in 2011, as were two Swedish journalists, who but it remained one of the world’s lead were arrested with ethnic Somali rebels aired their grievances ing jailers of journalists. So did Turkey, in the Ogaden region of Ethiopia. The in a public letter. where IPI Press Freedom Hero Nedim Swedish journalists were sentenced to Şener was arrested and accused of being 11 years in prison – which one of their Across the Atlantic, meanwhile, in the a terrorist. He joined dozens of other colleagues referred to as a possible United States dozens of journalists co- journalists locked up in the country. “death sentence”. vering the Occupy protests were arrest ed, assaulted or otherwise harassed by Finally, Council of Europe member the police. So egregious was the in Pakistan was the most states Russia, Belarus and Azerbaijan fringement on press freedom that in dangerous country [in remained gravely dangerous for report New York a host of renowned news out- Asia], with six media ers, who were murdered, arrested and lets – including the New York Times and otherwise victimized there.  Associated Press – aired their grievan- professionals slain. ces in a public letter. The head of the city’s police force subsequently ordered In Iraq, the number of journalist mur- officers to respect the right of reporters ders surged again, fuelled by a climate to do their job. University student jour- of impunity, continued bloodshed and nalists found it even more difficult to political instability. do theirs, and were not always backed up by their universities when they ran The most dangerous country in the into problems. world for journalists in 2011 was Mex

60 IPI Annual Report 2011 World Press Freedom Overview Chapter 7

Africa Overview: Journalists Targeted in Arab Spring Crackdowns By Naomi Hunt, Press Freedom Adviser for Africa & the Middle East

As people rose up against oppressive connections in order to broadcast images his life: Ahmed Mohammed Mahmoud, North African regimes in 2011, heads of over the Web. who worked for Al Taawun newspaper, state, governments and security services was killed by sniper fire while covering sought to maintain their grip on power State media in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt the demonstrations. by cracking down on communications promoted the governments’ versions and attacking the press. of events, in which protestors were In Egypt, dozens were described as foreign agents and which In Tunisia, the government tightened downplayed the scale of the unrest – in detained by military police. its control over the Internet, hacking contradiction to reports by online jour- activists’ email accounts and social nalists and bloggers and to the infor- Foreign journalists trying to cover Lib media profiles, and blocking websites mation sent by activists on the ground. ya, which one Al Jazeera journalist and blogs. In Egypt, cell phone ser- described as a “media black hole” prior vice was shut down in certain areas, as Journalists covering the demonstra- to the unrest, had trouble even entering was Internet service. Just before former tions in Egypt prior to Mubarak’s re- the country. After rebels took control of Egyptian President Mubarak resigned, signation were treated as a threat to the east, journalists were able to enter authorities tried to block access to Al the government, and dozens were de- through Egypt and travel to the rebel Jazeera, which extensively covered the tained by military police and beaten capital of Benghazi. This prompted the anti-regime protests. In Libya, where by pro-government supporters. Those government in Tripoli to invite to the Internet penetration rates and cell phone who appeared foreign were especially city journalists whom they hoped would use were already deeply limited, an In- vulnerable, as Mubarak and his thugs cover the official version of events from ternet firewall was nonetheless erected continued to blame them for the un- the capital. But the reporters in Tripoli, in March, prompting citizen journalists rest and accused them of working for frustrated with their inability to move in the east of the country – under rebel a nebulous foreign agenda. Some were about freely, resorted to reporting their control – to set up their own satellite sexually assaulted. One journalist lost scepticism of the government’s narrative.

In eastern Libya, new media organisations were reported to have sprung up throughout 2011, broadcasting pro-rebel news of the uprising using equipment and supplies from formerly government- controlled media houses, and over the Internet. They also paid a price. Moham- med al-Nabbous, founder of the Libya Al Hurra station, was killed by a sniper on March 19.

Mohammed al-Nabbous, founder of the Libya Al Hurra station, was killed by a sniper on March 19.

Four foreign journalists also lost their lives in Libya in 2011. Al Jazeera cameraman Ali Hassan al-Jaber, Aus- trian-South African journalist Anton Hammerl, U.S. photojournalist Chris

Protesters hold posters of Rachid Nini, the jailed manager of the Al-Massaa Arabic daily in Rabat, Morocco, on Hondros and British-American film- June 16, 2011, as demonstrators called for the release of the journalist. The placard reads “The press must talk” and maker Tim Hetherington were all killed “Freedom for Rachid Nini, freedom for the independent press.” (AP Photo / Abdeljalil Bounhar) covering the conflict.

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In Tunisia, the media and new govern- several occasions, copies of newspapers mental bodies are working to establish were confiscated wholesale and distri- a democratic framework. The IFEX- bution was disrupted. Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG) of press freedom organisations, including In South Sudan, which became an IPI, held a conference in Tunis in De- independent state on July 9, the rul cember 2011 to discuss the future of the ing Sudan People’s Liberation Army media, as well as freedom of expression, (SPLM) demonstrated an obstinate siege in Tunisia. Journalists and activists who mentality toward the fledgling nation had been jailed and harassed in the past al press, preventing journalists from were among the key speakers. The fact taking photographs, interrogating and that the conference could be held at detaining reporters, and suspending at all spoke volumes about the change in least one new publication and jailing its media environment since the departure editors after they criticised the president. of former Tunisian President Zine al- Media professionals are working toward Abidine Ben Ali. Participants discussed the establishment of laws and institutes topics ranging from press ethics to me- that will support press freedom, but the dia laws – a welcome change from the battle is an uphill one. situation only months before, when journalists were still being abducted, Journalists were reportedly stopped beaten and sentenced to prison by judges from filming protests against the rule loyal to the regime. of President Paul Biya in Douala, Cameroon on February 23, and Afrol. A woman holds a poster during a march to Parliament to Journalists and observers in Libya, com reported that police had confiscated protest against the Protection of Information Bill in Cape where a free press is in its infancy, some protestors’ cameras and mobile Town, South Africa, Sept. 17, 2011. (AP Photo/Schalk van Zuydam) have identified a host of needs ranging phones. AFP correspondent Reinnier from technical assistance to training, to Kazé was briefly detained, as was counter nearly 40 years of tight media VoxAfrica cameraman Charles Talom, muzzling. reports said.

Amid the turbulence and democratic With the attention of the world fo- What planners had hoped would be a challenges of revolutionary and post- cused on North Africa and protests in massive anti-government demonstration revolutionary North African societies, a the Middle East, demonstrations on a in Angola fizzled out with the arrest of strong and pluralistic media can play an smaller scale – but similarly met with nearly 20 protestors and journalists on important role in ensuring that citizens brutal government repression – passed March 7, the date planned for the protest. are informed, and in providing a forum under the radar. Strong-arm leaders Few people were said to have shown up. for political debate. in a number of sub-Saharan countries But opposition to the more than 30-year revealed their own fears through their presidency of Jose Eduardodos Santos The Egyptian media is one of the most suppression of demonstrations and pol was reportedly growing, and small de- diverse and developed in the Arab itical opposition, and a corresponding monstrations took place throughout the world, but many journalists are still assault on the media that covered them. year – resulting in a crackdown on the struggling to expand the space for dis- journalists covering them. On many sent and discussion at media houses occasions, reporters and cameramen traditionally close to the government. Censorship in the name were reportedly detained and had their The Egyptian constitution, which in of national security was equipment and identification confis theory will be rewritten in the coming prevalent. cated. In September, the Media Institute months, already guarantees freedom of of Southern Africa (MISA) reported that the press, but this right is undermined by Youth protestors in Sudan were report four Angolan and foreign journalists a state of emergency imposed decades edly viciously attacked by security were severely beaten by police and had ago and still enforced by the transitional forces, imprisoned and in some cases their material confiscated. rulers in the Supreme Council of the allegedly raped and tortured, according Armed Forces (SCAF). Journalists are to activists and international human In The Gambia, radio station Teranga still censored when they cross red lines rights groups. Journalists at newspapers FM was taken off the air on January in their criticism of the military, which is that covered these events or other sensi- 14 – the same day that Ben Ali left Tu- overseeing the transition, and continue tive issues faced interrogation, detention nisia – and was not allowed to resume to be tried and sentenced to years in and lawsuits. Censorship in the name broadcasting until February, after it prison by military courts. of national security was prevalent – on agreed to stop a program that translated

62 IPI Annual Report 2011 World Press Freedom Overview Chapter 7

international news reports into local lan- their trials continued in early December, Ouattara, who had been declared the guages, journalists told IPI. In August, according to reports from journalists and winner of the 2011 presidential elec- the station was again forced to drop news sources. The others were charged tion. While Gbagbo’s forces remained programs that translated news from local in absentia. in control, pro-Ouattara media houses daily newspapers into the vernacular, or reported that they had been threatened else face permanent closure, The Daily In November, Awramba Times Editor and attacked, prompting several to sus- News reported. Dawit Kebede – whose deputy edi- pend work temporarily. After Gbagbo’s tor was already among the journalists removal from office, a ban on foreign News of the events in the Middle East standing trial – was one of several broadcasts was lifted and SMS service and North Africa was totally censored journalists who fled Ethiopia in fear was restored, reports said. But shortly in Equatorial Guinea, the Committee of arrest, CPJ and news reports said. thereafter, pro-Gbagbo publications to Protect Journalists (CPJ) reported CPJ had named Kebede an Interna and journalists reportedly came under in March, noting that one state radio tional Press Freedom award winner for fire, and several journalists were de- presenter who referred to Libya on a his work; following Kebede’s depar- tained. Pro-Gbagbo presenter Sylvain live program was forced off the air and ture, his newspaper folded. Gagnetaud of Radio Yopougon was suspended. killed along with suspected militants In Malawi, radio stations were express- after being arrested by pro-Ouattara Similar censorship was reported in ly banned from covering demonstrations militiamen in May, Reporters Without Zimbabwe – where 46 activists were over rising fuel prices. Borders (RSF) reported. arrested in February for watching a video about events in Egypt, accord Journalists in other countries were per- The contentious campaign season ahead ing to Human Rights Watch – as well secuted because of the political affilia- of the Democratic Republic of Congo’s as in Eritrea and Ethiopia, countries tions of their media houses – especially presidential election was accompanied with no press freedom and rapidly de- in the many countries that held elections by a string of attacks on the press. teriorating press freedom, respectively. in 2011. Members of the media were detained, Government-controlled media in these sometimes for days, and physically countries gave little or no coverage to Media workers in Ivory Coast suffered assaulted because of their coverage of developments, and while information during and after a violent stand-off when political parties and policies. A televi- came from private media, foreign news former President Laurent Gbagbo re- sion station whose owner was repor- outlets and the Internet, efforts to block fused to hand over power to Alassane tedly close to President Joseph Kabila the information were reported.

Ethiopian journalist Eskinder Nega, who wrote a number of controversial articles calling for an end to repression and the rule of Prime Minister Meles Zena- wi, told IPI that the arrests of several Ethiopian and two Swedish journalists in June and July under national security laws were carried out with the Arab Spring revolutions in mind. “Fear is what dictatorships ultimately rely on to survive,” he wrote. “And with the Arab spring dominating the headlines, fear is losing the potency of yesteryear. No surprise then that the EPRDF, Ethiopia’s ruling party, is resorting to the terrorism law to bring back the old magic – fear!”

Nega himself was arrested in September 2011 on charges of “plotting terrorist acts and inciting the public to over throw the government” and was facing the death penalty at the end of the year. A total of 11 journalists were accused of anti-state activities in 2011; six of Protesters made up of journalists and lawyers hold banners during a rally in Khartoum on April 6, 2011. The banners them were in government custody as read, “Free journalists from Libya.” (Reuters/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah)

IPI Annual Report 2011 63 World Press Freedom Overview

was raided and burned in June 2011; anti-government opinions; Rwandan Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Lesotho, opposition station Radio Lisanga Tele- President Paul Kagame’s administration Liberia, Malawi, Somalia, the semi- vision (RLTV) suffered an arson attack has denied this. autonomous Somali region of Puntland, in September, and its programming was South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, suspended for several days in Novem- An ongoing conflict between Islamist Uganda and Zimbabwe. ber after presidential candidate Etienne militants and the African Union- and Tshisekedi used it to air his call for United Nations-backed government in However, there was good news as well supporters to break into prisons and set Somalia spelled continued danger for in 2011: opposition members free. In December, journalists, although the country was not Nigeria passed a law guaranteeing ac- following President Kabila’s re-election, as deadly for media professionals as it cess to public information, becoming the station was occupied by police. One had been in previous years. Nonetheless, the second country in West Africa to RLTV journalist also received death two reporters lost their lives. Malaysian do so. The law should help journalists threats, according to media advocacy journalist Noramfaizul Mohd Nor was fulfil their role in holding government group Journaliste en Danger. killed by gunfire in the capital, Moga- accountable and fighting official cor- dishu, in September 2011, and Somali ruption – but only if the law is fully In Uganda in February radio presenter Abiaziz Ahmed Aden implemented. was killed in a suicide attack in October 2011, photographers were that took over 100 lives. Niger President Mamamadou Issou- attacked, […] though no fou endorsed the Declaration of Table Throughout Africa, prison terms con- Mountain in November. The declara one was killed. tinued to be handed down for press tion was originally signed by the World offences, contributing to climates of Association of Newspapers in 2007, in During, and in the run-up to, presidential self-censorship and fear. Even where partnership with journalists and media elections in Uganda in February 2011, journalists were not convicted, they organisations including IPI, and calls photographers were attacked and even were are all too often put on trial, forced for the repeal of criminal defamation shot by security forces, though no one to spend precious financial resources and insult laws in Africa and for the was killed. A reporter at Top Radio was and time facing one groundless lawsuit promotion of press freedom. reportedly suspended for discussing after another. Others were detained for alleged electoral malpractice after the days for questioning, only to be released The Senegalese parliament reportedly elections. The opposition-led “Walk to without charge – a particularly common committed to passing an access to in- Work” demonstrations staged to protest form of media harassment. formation law. against the rising cost of living in Ugan- da in late April, were met with police In Africa, media houses Further, Uganda passed legislation that brutality, and several journalists were should allow for implementation of an injured and assaulted, reports said. The that broadcast or printed access to information law passed some Human Rights Network for Journalists unwelcome news were years ago. reported that at least 10 journalists were attacked in May while covering the re- banned or suspended, Meanwhile, journalists in South Africa turn of opposition leader Kizza Besigye and websites were are struggling to maintain their hard- from Kenya, where he had been treated blocked. won press freedom. The Protection of for injuries received during earlier pro- State Information Bill, an older law tests. Later that month, President Yoweri Censorship in various forms was a per- that was tabled in 2010 in an effort to Museveni sent a letter to national and vasive problem in Africa, and media regulate the classification of state infor- international media accusing them of houses that broadcast or printed unwel- mation, has been widely criticised by encouraging the protests. Reports of come news were banned or suspended, local journalists and international press repeated raids on media houses, threats, or they had their signals jammed, web- freedom groups, including IPI. It was arrests and other incidents in which po- sites blocked, or copies of their publica- amended in 2011 to address some of the lice allegedly used a heavy hand against tions confiscated or destroyed. Foreign media’s concerns; however, those who journalists indicated a lack of respect for publications and broadcasts were ban- leak or disseminate classified informa the role of the media in society. ned or blocked. In some cases, access to tion still face up to 25 years in prison, social media websites was temporarily and there is no provision for a public in- Rwandan journalist Charles Ingabire, disabled. These forms of direct censor- terest defence. The bill had been passed who had been living in the Ugandan ship were reported in numerous coun- by parliament at the end of the year and capital, Kampala, was killed in De- tries, including Benin, the Democratic was awaiting a vote from the country’s cember 2011. Other political refugees Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, National Council of Provinces and a reportedly said he was killed for his Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Guinea, signature from the president. 

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Europe Overview: Threats to Independent Journalism Grow By Steven M. Ellis, Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & North America

The state of press freedom in Central declaring in November that the coun- chaos through attacks that would lead to and Eastern Europe offered continued try had taken the lead among Council calls for the military to take power from cause for concern in 2011, as worrying of Europe members in violations of the current government headed by Prime developments arose in Western Europe. freedom of expression, including press Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. freedom. According to the Freedom The continent overall registered a lower for Journalists Platform, an umbrella Journalists targeted by the government death toll for journalists than most other group representing national and local generally faced not only extremely long regions, with seven media profession groups in Turkey, the government is sentences, but a Kafkaesque situation als killed in 2011 – three of them in Russia. However, it saw ongoing harassment of journalists in countries like Turkey, Belarus and Azerbaijan, as well as backsliding on safeguards for media independence in countries like Hungary and Macedonia.

Impunity in attacks on journalists remained a major issue from Russia to the Balkans, and bright spots like the release of jailed journalist Eynulla Fatullayev in Azerbaijan were often overshadowed by a climate of repression, especially in former Soviet-bloc countries. Many of those countries continued to experience difficulty ensuring that governments viewed media as independent and not as a tool for the dissemination of pro- paganda.

Scandals erupted in Portugal, France and Slovakia when governments sought to obtain mobile telephone data to de- Hundreds of Turkish journalists, some holding photos of recently jailed colleagues, march to protest the detention of termine the identities of journalists’ journalists in an alleged coup plot and demand reforms to Turkey‘s media laws, in Ankara, on March 19, 2011. (AP Photo/ sources, while in the United Kingdom Burhan Ozbilici) the ongoing News of the World phone- hacking scandal raised fears of a push currently holding 64 journalists in jail, in which authorities often refused to for increased government regulation. apparently more than any other country release evidence of crimes or criminal in the world. Most of those in custody organisations, or to inform journalists Although Montenegro decriminalized are being held under anti-terrorism laws about the charges they faced. A climate libel and Russia did so partially, archaic or laws against membership in an armed of fear escalated with each raid and criminal defamation laws continued to criminal organisation. arrest, particularly after a March raid exacerbate self-censorship across Eu- by police in search of draft copies of rope, setting a negative example for the While the majority of detained journal an unpublished book by investigative rest of the world while even serving as ists were held for alleged ties to outlaw journalist Ahmet Sik, which focused the basis for prosecutions of journalists ed Kurdish or Marxist organisations, on the influence of an alleged Islamic in Italy. many – including IPI World Press Free- group within the country’s police force. dom Hero Nedim Şener, who had been Turkey presented one of the worst pic- imprisoned since March 2011 – were While Erdogan publicly affirmed tures on the continent, with a judge from jailed on accusations that they were part Turkey’s commitment to press free- the European Court of Human Rights of the so-called Ergenekon plot to create dom, he simultaneously challenged the

IPI Annual Report 2011 65 World Press Freedom Overview

motives of journalists and others who Party (PKK). The arrests followed raids rential. Parliament later narrowed the exercised that freedom, accusing them in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Diyarbakır, laws’ scope, but international observers of defaming Turkey and conspiring to Van and Adana. Reasons for the ar- continued to charge that they could undermine the country. rests were not immediately clear, but still be misused to curb alternative and local media reported that the suspects – differing voices. Turkish authorities among them journalists from the Dicle News Agency, the Özgür Gündem daily Criticism of Prime Minister Viktor Or- arrested 29 journalists and other dissident publications – were ban increased after parliamentarians allegedly related alleged members of the press arm of from his Fidesz party, which holds two- the KCK. thirds of seats in Parliament, approved to the Union of Kurdish a new constitution that critics charged Communities. The situation in Belarus was similarly would seriously weaken the right to disappointing, as President Alexander access information. Three journalists died in Turkey during Lukashenko unleashed the forces of the 2011. Suzan Zengin – a human rights state against journalists following pro- In December, Hungary’s Constitutional activist, journalist and translator who tests against his disputed re-election to a Court ruled that parts of the new media spent two years in pre-trial detention fourth term of office in December 2010. laws were unconstitutional. Initial re- for alleged ties to an illegal organisa- ports indicated that the decision meant tion – died in October following her Journalists including Irina Khalip, the print media would be taken out of the release. Critics attributed her death to Minsk-based correspondent for the in- scope of the media law and that the the government’s alleged failure to pro- dependent Russian newspaper Novaya media ombudsman would be eliminated. vide adequate medical care during her Gazeta and wife of a former opposi The decision also reportedly abolished incarceration. Cem Emir and Sebahattin tion presidential candidate, and Polish- limits on protections for journalists’ Yılmaz of Turkey’s Dogan News Agen- Belarusian journalist Andrzej Poczobut, confidential sources and required court cy, who were in the eastern city of Van from Polish daily newspaper Gazeta approval to force disclosure of sources, to cover the aftermath of an October Wyborcza, were targeted for allegedly even on issues implicating national earthquake, were killed in November participating in unsanctioned protests security or crime prevention. However, when a second earthquake struck the they were covering. The government al- days later, authorities decided not to re- city, causing their hotel to collapse. so faced allegations that it forced mobile allocate a radio frequency to Klubradio, phone telephone network operators to the country’s only national opposition In the closing weeks of 2011, Turkish hand over data to identify those present radio station. The frequency was instead authorities arrested 29 journalists alle- at anti-government protests. put out to a bid won by an unknown sta- gedly related to the Union of Kurdish tion, Autoradio, which some observers Communities (KCK), which has been Authorities harassed journalists co- said was expected to be less critical. tied to the militant Kurdistan Workers’ vering an April 11 explosion at a subway station in Minsk, threatening to shut- In Russia, impunity for the attackers of ter media outlets. They later charged journalists remained common, despite Poczobut criminally for alleged insults the murder convictions of a pair of ultra- to Lukashenko. The journalist was con- nationalists for the 2009 shootings of victed and given a three-year suspended human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov sentence, but was forbidden from lea- and reporter Anastasia Baburova. ving the country following his release. Former police officer Dmitry Pavl Hungary drew negative yuchenkov, who was arrested in connection with the killing of IPI World Press attention by implementing Freedom Hero Anna Politkovskaya, new media laws that were struck a plea deal in which he reportedly said he ordered subordinates to map her intended to muzzle a daily routines and admitted procuring media that was not the murder weapon. Authorities, how- sufficiently deferential. ever, declined to publicly identify the mastermind of the attack. Hungary, which joined the European A supporter of Polish journalist Andrzej Poczobut, who Union in 2004, drew negative attention Beatings of journalists remained com- was put on trial in Belarus for slandering and insulting that by implementing new media laws that mon in Russia and three journalists country’s president, holds up a poster with the journalist’s portrait in front of the court building in Grodno, Belarus on critics alleged were intended to muzzle were murdered. Journalist and human July 5, 2011. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits) a media that was not sufficiently defe- rights activist Hadzhimurad Kamalov

66 IPI Annual Report 2011 World Press Freedom Overview Chapter 7

of, the protests, and four men faced trial for a brutal June attack on an American freelance contributor to The Washington Post and The New York Times and a Brit ish staffer at the Baku-based Institute for Reporters’ Freedom and Safety.

Both Azerbaijan and Armenia report edly denied entry to foreign journalists amid an increase in tension over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. Arme- nia was also criticised over the growing number of civil libel suits against news outlets following a successful push to decriminalise defamation in 2010. Criminal defamation French European Parliament member Jean-Paul Besset protests as Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orban, unseen, proceedings remained a delivers his speech at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, eastern France, on Jan. 19, 2011. (AP Photo/ Cedric Joubert) threat in most countries, particularly in Bulgaria.

In the Balkans, attacks on journalists, was gunned down in December 2011 In Ukraine, the prime suspect in the as well as impunity, remained frustra- in the volatile North Caucasus republic 2000 murder of journalist Georgiy tingly common, and corruption and a of Dagestan, on the same day on which Gongadze reportedly said that former lack of transparency of ownership also journalists across the country paid tribu- President Leonid Kuchma was among contributed to self-censorship. Criminal te to colleagues who over the previous those who ordered the killing, but a defamation proceedings carrying jail 20 years had perished due to their work. court ruled that a recording purporting terms and debilitating fines remained a Kamalov – the founder of Chernovik, to depict Kuchma making the order was threat in most countries, particularly in an independent local newspaper known inadmissible at Kuchma’s trial, leading Bulgaria, where Parliament introduced for reporting on government corruption, to the dismissal of charges against the incarceration as a penalty for journal and the executive director of the orga- former ruler. ists and writers who instigate hatred, nisation Svoboda Slova (Freedom of discrimination or violence based on Expression) – was shot 14 times as he IPI conducted a press freedom mission race, ethnicity, nationality, religion and left the newspaper’s office late at night to Ukraine in early June, which found a range of other criteria. in an attack investigators reportedly that the country’s media was partly linked to his work. free. The delegation criticised a lack An explosive device was detonated of respect for plural views, economic under the car of a journalist in Bulga Two other journalists were murdered pressure on media, impunity in attacks ria, while delivery vehicles belonging under murky circumstances. Yakhya on journalists and corruption at multiple to the Montenegro daily Vijesti were Magomedov of the Russian Islamic levels of society, among other problems. firebombed in three separate incidents. newspaper As Salam was shot to death in May near the city of Khasavyurt in In Azerbaijan, journalist and writer Macedonia’s media was increasing Dagestan. In June, Anatoly Bitkov, the Rafiq Tagı died in November, four days ly polarised between supporters and chief editor of the Kolyma Plus regional after he was stabbed outside his Baku opponents of Prime Minister Nikola television company in Magadan, was home. He speculated before his death Gruevski’s government, and indepen- found dead with multiple stab wounds that he had been targeted for an opinion dent observers criticised what they said to his head and body. piece critical of the Iranian government was a push by the government to elimi- that he had written earlier in the month. nate critical media outlets. They also Journalists across the country com criticised a new law adding government- plained of arbitrary censorship in the Although Azerbaijan released journalist appointed members to the country’s run-up to State Duma elections in De- Eynulla Fatullayev, the government Broadcast Council, as well as the closing cember, and reporters and news outlets cracked down on protests inspired by down of independent television station spoke of harassment as they covered demonstrations across the Arab world. A A1 and three newspapers following the massive protests that erupted following number of journalists were beaten, both detention of their owner for financial the elections. in connection with, and independently crimes.

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In northern Cyprus, a 26-year-old Tur- offices of satirical magazine Charlie kish man was accused of a failed attempt Hebdo were firebombed after it listed to murder journalist Ali Osman Tabak the Prophet Mohammed as a guest editor after he fired a shot at the journalist in of an edition. the offices of the controversial news paper Afrika. A Danish cartoonist who lampooned the Prophet Mohammed called off a Greece saw multiple attacks by police visit to Norway after police learned of a officers on journalists covering anti- possible attack against him, while three austerity protests. men faced trial for allegedly plotting to bomb the offices of Denmark’s In Central and Western Europe, the Jyllands-Posten newspaper over a overall picture was more positive, but Mohammed cartoon. nonetheless marred by troublesome developments. The United Kingdom saw significant controversy over judicial interpretation In Poland, the state-owned minority of privacy law to justify gagging orders shareholder of the publisher of daily and so-called “super-injunctions”. The newspaper Rzeczpospolita pushed to orders prohibit discussion of their very dissolve the publisher in a move critics existence and details, in addition to alleged was intended to put the news barring disclosure of certain facts or paper under government control. allegations; the orders have been cri- A police officer stands in front of the burned-down headquarters of satirical French newspaper Charlie Hebdo in ticised as a tool by which the wealthy In the Czech Republic, masked mili Paris on Nov. 2, 2011. The newspaper had “invited” the can suppress the release of embarrassing tary police carrying automatic weapons Prophet Mohammed as a guest editor and was set ablaze information. raided the offices of Czech Television overnight. in Prague with a court order to secure a recently declassified document. Fallout from the News when she sued a New York editor over of the World scandal led Prosecutors in Italy threatened defama- a review of her 2006 book on interna- to the shuttering of the tion lawsuits against Italian and U.S. tional criminal court proceedings. In journalists who reported criticism of the latter, a court dismissed a defama- newspaper. the authorities’ handling of the Amanda tion claim by a Ukrainian businessman Knox murder case, and three journal against the Kyiv Post because the man’s Fallout from the News of the World ists were given prison sentences for connections to the United Kingdom scandal led to the shuttering of the defamation in connection with a series were “tenuous in the extreme”. newspaper and the appointment of Lord of articles published in 2007 about an Justice Brian Leveson to conduct an in- alleged investigation into the mayor In Strasbourg, the European Court of quiry into media ethics. Former News of of Sulmona. An IPI mission to the Human Rights rejected a bid by former the World Editor Rebekah Brooks, who country in April highlighted fears that motorsport chief Max Mosley to force resigned over the scandal, was arrested the switchover from analogue to digital media to warn people before publishing in connection with it, and the chief of broadcasting might undermine plural details of their private lives. The court the country’s police resigned. Scotland ism in the country’s audiovisual sector also ruled that Slovakian courts violated Yard later came under intense criticism unless the value of pluralism was given a publisher’s rights to freedom of ex- when it prepared to seek an order under strong consideration in the establish- pression and information when they or- the Official Secrets Act to force the ment of criteria for the technological dered the publisher to issue a correction Guardian newspaper to disclose the move. Italian legislators also considered and pay compensation over reports of confidential sources of its reports about a wiretapping bill that would have – a high-ranking police official’s alleged the alleged victims of phone hacking among other stipulations – required web- drunken public behaviour. carried out by the News of the World. sites to amend content within 48 hours The bid was dropped, after an uproar. if a user deemed it harmful or biased. France saw two Meanwhile, a parliamentary committee Courts in both France and the United explosions in 2011. examination of a draft defamation bill Kingdom dismissed civil defamation recommended that libel trials by jury claims in libel tourism cases. In the France saw two explosions in 2011: should be abolished for all but excep- former, a court ruled that a dual Israeli- first, a homemade bomb outside the tional cases involving public figures, French citizen and lecturer at a law office of local dailyCorse-Matin in June and proposed sweeping changes to libel centre in Israel abused the legal system in Corsica, and in November the Paris laws. 

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Middle East Overview: After a Turbulent Year of Change, Concerns Persist By Naomi Hunt, Press Freedom Adviser for Africa & the Middle East

The eyes of the world were on the Arab revolutions throughout 2011.

During the early weeks of protests in Bahrain, reporters were physically attacked and threatened, and foreign journalists were expelled from the country. Access to news and opposition websites was blocked at various points through out the year. A three-month state of emergency was declared after Saudi troops, who had been called in to dis- perse protestors, entered the country in March. It coincided with some of the most egregious attacks on the press. The military public prosecutor placed a gag order on the media, banning reports on the trials of hundreds who had been arrested since the unrest began.

The privately owned Al Wasat news paper, whose printing press was attacked in March, was later accused of spread Residents carry a mock coffin during a symbolic funeral for Iraqi journalistH adi al-Mehdi in Baghdad, Sept. 9, 2011. Gunmen using silenced weapons shot dead al-Mehdi, who worked for radio Dimozi, at his house in Baghdad‘s central ing false information, and Chief Editor Karrada district, police said. (Reuters/Saad Shalash) Mansoor al-Jamri was forced to resign. In April, the newspaper was allowed to re-open, but without the leadership of al- Jamri, who was only reinstated as editor in custody. Many journalists were arrest Commission should be given the power by the board after the state of emergency ed and charged, and some were convict to implement reforms. was lifted in August 2011, the Commit- ed of spreading false information and tee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) reported. attempting to overthrow the govern- In Iraq, nine journalists lost their lives, Meanwhile, one of the paper’s founders ment. In June, King Hamad Ben Issa making it the deadliest country in the and board members, Karim Fakhra- al-Khalifa responded to an onslaught Middle East for reporters in 2011. Four wi, died while in government custody. of international criticism by announcing of the journalists – Mohamed al-Hamda- Marks on his body showed signs of that cases against civilians arrested for ni, Sabah al-Bazee, Muammar al-Khadir extreme torture, but the government their alleged role in the protests would Abdul Wahid, and Alwan al-Ghorabi said he had died of kidney failure. Other be transferred from military to civilian – were among those killed in terrorist journalists from the paper were arrested, courts, reports said. attacks on government buildings. Mean interrogated, threatened and generally while, Hilal al-Ahmadi, a print jour- forced to work in a climate of fear. In November 2011, an inquiry found nalist and former head of the regional evidence of systematic human rights government’s media department, was Online news editor Zakariya Rashid abuses during the crackdown and re- shot by unidentified men while leaving Hassan al-Ashiri also died in custody. As commended, among other things, the his Mosul home in February. Taha Ha- with Fakhrawi, his body showed signs prosecution of officials involved in meed, the head of al-Masser TV and a of torture, but the government said he abuses and an end to censorship of state senior Islamic Dawa Party official, was had died of complications from sickle- media, reports said. The government reportedly killed along with a human cell anaemia. said it would form an inclusive Nation rights activist while driving in Bagh- al Commission including opposition dad in April 2011. Asieh Rakhshani Reporters and photojournalists for other members to review the inquiry and and Saba Haftbaradaran, who worked media who were detained reported that plan reforms. The opposition said that for IranNTV.com, were killed when they had been beaten and tortured while the Cabinet should resign and that the Iraqi soldiers invaded Camp Ashraf and

IPI Annual Report 2011 69 World Press Freedom Overview

the two were filming clashes between documentary filmmakers were arrested Saleh. By the end of 2011, electricity the soldiers and residents, Reporters in September for allegedly working was only available for a couple of hours Without Borders (RSF) reported. Radio for the BBC, which the media group each day, restricting communications. host Hadi al-Mahdi, who was known for denied. By the end of 2011, two had Yemen Post editor Hakim Almasmari criticising alleged government corrup- reportedly been bailed out and another told IPI that several media houses had tion and inefficiency, was killed in his two released. Hasan Fathi was arrested generators but that lack of access to fuel Baghdad home on September 8. in November 2011 and interrogated kept them from running. The Yemeni after he gave an interview to the BBC Syndicate of Journalists, which tracked The Iraqi government banned coverage about an explosion at a military site that violations against the press and attacks of Cairo-style protests in Baghdad in resulted in the deaths of many Iranian on journalists, was itself the target of February and March 2011, and a number soldiers. The country remained one of threats and raids. of journalists were reportedly attacked the region’s most prolific jailers of jour- and beaten. Members of the media in nalists, and rights groups condemned Yemen was the second-deadliest coun- Iraq have had to contend with libel the conditions under which prisoners try for journalists in the Middle East in lawsuits and harassment by officials and were being held. Reza Hoda Saber, a 2011. Six lost their lives, most of them security forces. 54-year-old journalist and activist, died while covering protests. Jamal Ahmed of a heart attack in Evin prison in June al-Sharabi was shot on March 16 The editor of Awene 2011. Doctors reportedly said that Saber while covering protests for Al Masdar could have survived if he had received newspaper. Two days later, Mohamed newspaper, Asos Hardi, medical attention sooner. Yahia Al-Malayia of Al Salam news was beaten with a pistol paper was killed. Hassan al-Wadhaf of Journalists covering demonstrations in the Arabic Media Agency was hit by as he was leaving Yemen were singled out, shot at and sniper fire and died five days later, on his office. attacked, and they had their equipment September 24. Abdel Majid al-Samawi confiscated and destroyed. Media houses died of bullet wounds on October 3, and Journalists faced systemic violence in received death threats; entire print-runs Al Yemen TV cameraman Abd al-Ghani Iraqi Kurdistan, where a number of of Arabic-language newspapers were al-Bureihi on October 16. In the city of lawsuits and attacks against the press seized and destroyed by forces sup- Taiz, where some of the most violent were reported. The editor of Awene porting Yemeni President Ali Abdullah clashes took place, cameraman Abdel newspaper, Asos Hardi, was beaten with a pistol as he was leaving his office, Human Rights Watch reported. He was hospitalised and received 32 stitches. Over a week later, Livin magazine editor Ahmed Mira was beaten and detained by armed men who reportedly arrived in military vehicles, questioned Mira about a previous article in the magazine and then released him some hours later, reports said.

As protests raged in the Arab world, demonstrators took to the streets of Iran in a “Day of Rage” that began on February 14 and continued for the next week in Tehran and other cities. However, there was limited coverage and foreign journalists were warned that those who published “negative reports” would see their bureaus closed. A number of activists and opposition members were subsequently placed under arrest. Iranians are forbidden from working with foreign media houses that offer

Persian-language services. The signals Jordanian journalists protest in front of the Jordanian House of Parliament, with their mouths covered with tape and of the BBC’s Persian service and Voice the words “Article 23” in Arabic, as they protest over proposed changes to the anti-corruption law they believe will of America are routinely jammed. Six muzzle press freedoms, in Amman on Sept. 29, 2011. (AP Photo/Mohammad Hannon)

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Hakim al-Nour died in a bomb attack comment on security forces and discus- ing furniture and equipment. Similar on October 4. sions of the militant Hezbollah group attacks were carried out against the were limited by the threat of violence. premises of Al Ghad newspaper and Al Prior to the first large-scale demon Self-censorship has been fuelled in re- Jazeera’s Amman bureau on November strations in Syria, news coverage was cent years in Lebanon by the killing 10 and 11. During an anti-government strictly limited by press laws providing of two high-profile journalists, and the demonstration in July, police and govern- prison terms and high fines for jour- attempted assassination of another. ment supporters beat 16 journalists nalists whose reports were deemed to working for local and international news threaten “national security” or “unity” In Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, the United outlets despite the fact that they were and that gave government officials the Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia, criti- clearly identifiable, CPJ and the Jordan right to license and shut down media cism of royal families and heads of state Syndicate of Journalists reported. Two houses. Foreign journalists were in most remained off-limits. of the journalists reportedly suffered cases denied access or accreditation. broken bones and one required surgery. In the United Arab Emirates, bloggers This situation did not improve after Ahmed Mansoor, Nasser bin Ghaith, Fa- Journalists working in neighbouring protests – which the government conti- had Salim Dalk, Ahmed Abdul Khaleq Israel and the Palestinian Territories nued to blame on “armed gangs” – be- and Hassan Ali al-Khamis were arrested met in Vienna in June 2011 to discuss gan in March 2011. Western journalists in April 2011 for discussing the need media coverage of the conflict and peace were generally barred from entering for political reforms on a website and drives, and to talk about challenges to the country, and the staff of foreign charged with insulting public officials press freedom. All agreed that denial Arab media and news services were and conspiring against the state. They of freedom of movement was a serious jailed or expelled for their coverage of were convicted in late November but issue, especially for Palestinian reporters the uprising. In late April, Al Jazeera were pardoned hours later, along with unable to enter Israel freely to report. announced the suspension of its Arabic- hundreds of other prisoners given am- language reporting from the country nesty to mark a forthcoming national In July, police and because of attacks and pressure on its holiday. staff and offices. Around the country, government supporters power cuts threatened to block the People with Internet access in Saudi beat 16 journalists. flow of information from activists and Arabia continued to be denied access citizen journalists sending images and to certain websites, which were censo- Israel detained several Palestinian jour- messages to foreign media abroad. red for political but also moral reasons. nalists in 2011, including Al Jazeera’s Criminal defamation remained on the Kabul bureau chief, Samer Allawi, who Western journalists were books, as did laws protecting the royal was arrested in August and held until the family from “insult”. The Press & Publi- end of September, when he was fined generally barred from cations Law of 2000 had been expanded and released after admitting contact with entering Syria. to apply to online media, and soon after, Hamas officials. Allawi noted that such in April 2011, it was amended to prohibit contacts were part of his work as a jour- Journalists were among those maimed reports “contradicting” Sharia law, cal- nalist. Quds TV program coordinator by security forces in Syria. After spend ling for the “disturbance” of security or Nawaf al-Amer was also held without ing 23 days in prison, Le Monde corres public order, causing “disunity” or “da- charge. Al-Amer was detained in late pondent Khaled Sid Mohand told IPI maging” public affairs, Human Rights June, and his administrative detention that he had been beaten, threatened with Watch reported. By the end of 2011, the was extended for a further four months rape, and subjected to electric shocks country was still contemplating whether on October 26, reports said. Al-Amer throughout his detention. By the end of it should pass a draft anti-terrorism was reportedly not told why he had been 2011, numerous journalists and blog- law that would allow those accused detained, nor was he charged. Other gers who had disappeared were still in of “endangering” national security or journalists working in the West Bank detention. At least one journalist had “harming the reputation of the state” to were also detained. The Palestinian been killed: Ferzat Jarban, a freelance be “held incommunicado indefinitely Centre for Development and Media cameraman, was found dead with his without access to legal counsel as terror Freedoms (MADA) recorded dozens of eyes gouged out one day after he was ism suspects if determined to be so by incidents in which Palestinian journal arrested while filming unrest in the city a special court,” a Saudi lawyer writing ists were attacked and injured by Israeli of Al Qasir, CPJ reported. for ArabNews.com reported. soldiers, often while covering protests again Israeli occupation and settlements In Lebanon, where there were no major Several media houses in Jordan were in the West Bank. Others were briefly protests in 2011, red lines nonetheless attacked in 2011. Unknown persons detained or prevented from filming. remained in place for the media, and raided the offices of international news There were also reports of Israeli settlers criticism of Syria’s political patronage, agency AFP in June, reportedly destroy attacking journalists.

IPI Annual Report 2011 71 World Press Freedom Overview

Israeli media represented a more diverse range of political opinion and enjoyed more press freedom than media outlets elsewhere in the region, but a few worrying developments threatened to encourage self-censorship and subdue investigative journalism. In late Octo- ber, Anat Kamm was sentenced to four years in prison for her role in leaking secret military documents to Ha’aretz journalist Uri Blau. Worryingly, Blau faced the possibility of prosecution for illegal possession of classified documents – despite the fact that the documents revealed alleged illegal activity by the army, and that Blau’s reports based on this information were cleared by Israel’s military censor before pub lication. In November, a defamation amendment bill passed the first reading in the Knesset, bringing it a step closer to becoming law. The law, widely criticised as gagging investigative journal ism, would hike the automatic penalty for defamation from the equivalent of nearly 10,000 euros to six times that figure, without requiring the plaintiff to prove actual damage.

Journalists covering events in Gaza were also subjected to harassment by Hamas, which detained, interrogated and sometimes kidnapped journalists Government supporters harass a female journalist with a traditional dagger called a “jambiya” during confrontations because of their coverage. Journalists with anti-government protesters in Sanaa, Yemen. (Reuters/Khaled Abdullah) working for Hamas- and Fatah-linked media have been subjected to retaliatory attacks in Gaza and the West Bank since Hamas’ 2007 takeover. MADA record ed numerous violations related to the human rights activist Vittorio Arrigoni continuing standoff. Unknown persons was murdered in April 2011; it is be- attempted to burn down the Gaza office lieved that he was killed by members of Ma’an news agency in July 2011. of a Hamas-rival Salafist group. Four In September, as Palestinian President suspects were eventually arrested. Mahmoud Abbas spoke to the General Assembly of the United Nations, jour- In the West Bank, journalists had to nalists in Gaza were prevented from contend with travel restrictions as well covering the event. In October, the Gaza as with harassment from both Israeli office of the Ramallah-based Palesti- soldiers and Palestinian security forces. nian Journalists’ Syndicate (PJS) was Journalists, especially those working for shut down by members of the Hamas Hamas-affiliated media, were reported- and Al Jihad groups, MADA reported. ly detained, interrogated, and beaten, Israeli journalist Anat Kamm stands inside a courtroom Some equipment was confiscated and and their equipment was confiscated, in Tel Aviv District Court on Oct. 30, 2011. An Israeli court the journalists working there were ex- MADA said. On September 21, Al Aqsa sentenced Kamm, a former soldier, to four-and-a-half pelled. In November, members of the TV journalist Alaa al-Titi was finally years in prison for leaking classified military documents PJS were prevented from holding a acquitted of charges of inciting sectarian to a newspaper, which later reported allegations of a policy to assassinate Palestinian militants. (Reuters/ meeting to celebrate the International violence – a crime he was first charged Ronen Zvulun) Day to End Impunity. Journalist and with in October 2008. 

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Asia & The Pacific Overview: Across the Region, Impunity Remains the Norm By Barbara Trionfi, Senior Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Pacific

A total of 18 journalists were killed of tolerance of any form of criticism, on throughout Asia in 2011 as a conse- the part of governments and public of- quence of their profession – fewer than ficials, as well as other powerful groups half of the 40 journalists killed in the who attempt to control media coverage region in 2010. However, the changing either through laws that are in breach of figures of journalists murdered every international standards on press freedom year are an imperfect indicator of the or other, seldom-prosecuted forms of dangers journalists face, or of the degree harassment. of press freedom they enjoy. More than 16 journalists Despite a steep decline in the number of journalists killed, sizeable portions were killed in Pakistan of Asia remained difficult for journa- in 2011. lists to cover. The reasons varied from endemic violence as a consequence of In 2011, Pakistan remained the most civil or international conflicts, to laws dangerous country for journalists in criminalising any form of criticism of Asia. More than 16 journalists were those in power and allowing for lengthy killed in Pakistan in 2011 and inde- prison terms for journalists, to direct pendent investigations indicate that at censorship of critical websites and news least seven were killed as a consequence A Pakistani journalist attends a rally to condemn the outlets, in particular in countries where of their reporting. Lacklustre official killing of his colleague Syed Saleem Shahzad in Karachi, the media or its infrastructure is con investigations and the absence of con- Pakistan, on June 3, 2011. (AP Photo/Shakil Adil) trolled directly by the government. victions in all these cases have not only raised concerns about the harmful An underlying element of these varied consequences of impunity, but also With the exception of two journalists assaults on press freedom is a hostile hindered identification of the motives who died while reporting on bomb ex- attitude towards the media and a lack for the murders. plosions and were hit by subsequent blasts, all of the other journalists killed in Asia in 2011 were murdered in targeted killings.

In addition to the journalists who lost their lives, numerous other journalists in Pakistan were targeted in violent attacks by unidentified perpetrators, in some instances only narrowly escaping death; others were assaulted and detain ed by police forces as they reported on sensi tive issues.

Media coverage of Pakistan was further hindered by the action of state agencies overseeing broadcasting companies – the Pakistan Electronic Media Regu- latory Authority (PEMRA) and the All Pakistan Cable Operators Association (APCOA) – that sought to limit critical reports by foreign broadcasters in the country, including the BBC, Fox Photojournalists place their cameras on the ground during a protest outside the police headquarters in Hong Kong on Aug. 20, 2011. About 300 reporters and photographers rallied that day against what they said was the suppression of News, Sky T, CNN, NBC News, CNS press freedom and freedom of expression during Vice Premier Li Keqiang‘s visit. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu) News, IBN, Al Jazeera TV, Voice of

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signal that his government intended to seriously address the problem of violence against journalists, other forms of harassment common during the previous presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo had diminished. Criminal defamation laws, in particular, had been widely misused by the former administration to silence criticism. The practice continued throughout 2011, but to a lesser extent. Nonetheless, IPI called for the complete removal of criminal defamation laws as part of an ongoing review of the country’s penal code.

Finally, journalists and civil society activists expressed disappointment at Aquino’s failure to enact a Freedom of Information Act. The enactment of the law had reportedly been removed from the list of issues to be prioritised by the government. Raquel Olea, wife of slain broadcaster Romeo Olea, holds his picture during his burial at a public cemetery in Iriga City, south of Manila on June 18, 2011. Olea, 49, was gunned down on June 13 while on his way to his office in Cama- India offered cause for concern in 2011: rines Sur. (Reuters/Rhaydz Barcia) IPI registered an increase in the use of violence to intimidate journalists.

On January 23, Umesh Rajput, a report America (VOA), and others. This led in September 2011 to discuss with er with Hindi daily Nai Duniya, was to a ban on BBC broadcasts at the end governmental officials the slow pace killed by two masked gunmen outside of 2011, following the airing of a BBC of the investigations into journalists’ his home near Raipur, in Chhattisgarh. documentary on Pakistan. A disturbing murders was told that President Aqui- A note written in red ink was found near statement by Khalid Arain, chairman of no had pledged to reverse the nation’s the crime scene stating: “If you don’t APCOA, followed at a November 29 record of unpunished violence against stop publishing news, you will die.” press conference, when he announced journalists, but that a number of issues a phased-in shutdown of foreign news were rendering the task difficult. These The police stated that channels, which he claimed were fuel- included incompetence and corruption ling “anti-Pakistan” sentiment world- on the part of investigators, threats and the murder was linked wide, the Pakistan Press Foundation bribes targeting witnesses, a weak jus- to Dey’s reports on (PPF) reported. tice system, negligence on the part of Mumbai’s underworld government officials investigating and The Philippines also remained dan- prosecuting such crimes, and the delay and, in particular, on the gerous for journalists and, after more of trials through legal manoeuvres. local oil mafia. than a year in power, the government of President Benigno Aquino III had IPI counted four journalists murdered in Another journalist was killed in 2011 in failed to live up to its commitment to 2011 in connection with their work in Mumbai. Jyotirmoy Dey, special inves- bringing to justice the perpetrators of the the Philippines. In one additional killing, tigations editor at the Mumbai tabloid 2009 Maguindanao massacre – in which initial investigations indicated that the Mid-Day, was killed on June 11 when 32 journalists, and more than 20 other murder may not have been related to the he was shot at several times by four people, were slaughtered in the Philip- victim’s reporting. men in a carefully planned operation in pine province of Maguindanao, while broad daylight. The police stated that accompanying a mayoral candidate’s Journalists in the Philippines told IPI the murder was linked to Dey’s reports convoy. that the situation appeared to have on Mumbai’s underworld and, in par- slightly improved since President Aqui- ticular, on the local oil mafia, which An IPI press freedom mission delega- no took power; although the president he was investigating at the time of his tion that travelled to the Philippines had yet to send a much-awaited strong murder. After 16 days of investigation,

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the police declared the case solved and retired Supreme Court judge and former law had affected people’s freedom of reportedly apprehended seven people in chairman of the Press Council of India, expression, according to information Mumbai who were allegedly involved P. B. Sawant, for 15 seconds. The picture distributed by the London-based group in the killing. was not shown in subsequent news ARTICLE 19. bulletins, and the channel apologised to The motive behind the murder of a third Justice Sawant and ran an apology for The Computer Crimes Act journalist remained unclear. Ramesh five continuous days. Media observers Singla, a freelance investigative journal deemed the damages awarded excessive in Thailand was used to ist with a major Hindi daily in Gurgaon and in violation of international stan- block or suspend nearly and Mewat, died in a road accident dards on press freedom. on October 4 in Mewat City, near the 75,000 sites between capital, Delhi. The police declared that Thailand also received international cri- 2007 and 2010. Singla’s death was the result of a traffic ticism over abusing the country’s laws in accident. However, since the journalist order to stifle criticism. Thailand’s lèse- Despite the reported admission on had been writing about illegal mining majesté law (Article 112 of Thailand’s November 23, Ampon Tangnoppakul for quite some time, local journalists Penal Code) and the Computer Crimes was sentenced to 20 years in prison by voiced suspicion that he might have died Act of 2007 came under heavy scrutiny Bangkok’s Criminal Court for insulting in a pre-planned hit-and-run case rather during the Universal Periodic Review the monarchy. The 61-year old was than an accident. at the United Nations Human Rights accused of sending a total of four text Council, when 14 member states put messages deemed insulting to the mon In a worrying development criticised forward recommendations to repeal archy in May 2010. He was charged by media law experts around the world, the laws. Cases involving lèse-majesté under the lèse-majesté law as well as India’s Times Now television broad – which carries a sentence of up to 15 Section 14 (2) and (3) of the Computer caster was ordered to pay 1 billion INR years in jail – have increased in recent Crimes Act. The court sentenced him to (approx. 14.4 million euros) in a defa- years and the Computer Crimes Act was five years for each message. mation case centred around a September used to block or suspend nearly 75,000 10, 2008, Times Now story on a provi- sites between 2007 and 2010, mostly in In a separate case, Thai authorities failed dent fund controversy allegedly invol- relation to alleged lèse-majesté. to drop charges of lèse-majesté against ving high court judges. While mention editor Somyot Prueksakasemsuk in ing the name of Calcutta High Court Following the criticism, the Thai For- connection with two articles that ap- judge P. K. Samantha, the broadcaster eign Ministry reportedly admitted that peared in his newspaper, Voice of Taksin inadvertently displayed the picture of a the enforcement of the lèse-majesté (“Voice of the Oppressed”), earlier in 2011 and which, Thai authorities argued, made negative references to the monarchy. Prueksakasemsuk was arrested on April 30, 2011, in the Aranyaprathet district of Sa Kaeo Province, has been in pre-trial detention ever since and has been consistently denied bail.

One journalist was killed in Thailand this year while covering a series of bomb blasts on September 16 in the country’s insurgency-plagued southern Narathi- wat province. Phamon Phonphanit, a reporter with the local newspaper Sue Samut Atyakam, died on September 24 as a consequence of severe burns. More than 100 people were injured by three car and motorcycle bomb explosions at 20-minute intervals, news reports said.

In the People’s Republic of China, the suppression of free expression – and of press freedom in particular – was further Indian journalists hold a photograph of Jyotirmoy Dey, a well-known investigative journalist who was gunned down by reinforced in 2011 as state authorities assailants on June 11, 2011, as they protest his killing in Mumbai, India. (AP Photo/Rajanish Kakade, File) were rattled by sporadic online calls

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Nepalese journalists protest near the prime minister‘s office in Kathmandu, Nepal, on June 15, 2011, against the attack on Biratnagar-based journalist Khilanath Dhakal. The journalists demanded that the government immediately arrest the culprits and that action be taken against them. (AP Photo/Binod Joshi)

for “jasmine” revolution-style protests, XinhuaNet discussion forums of a story vers said the sentence was in reprisal for similar to those in the Middle East and he wrote exposing alleged corruption on his reporting. North Africa. the part of the Tengzhow city government, as well as other articles exposing The murder of Chinese journalist Li Numerous foreign journalists were ha- alleged official wrongdoing. XinhuaNet Xiang of Luoyang Television Station rassed and manhandled during the early is the website of China’s official news in Henan province emphatically high months of 2011, as they sought to report agency, Xinhua, which contains a fo- lighted the dangers associated with ex- on pro-democracy protests announced rum open to users’ comments. The new posing corruption in China. Li, who was online, many of which ultimately did sentence was imposed on Qi after a man found stabbed to death on September 19, not take place. allegedly reported to the police that he had been investigating the sale of illegal had been the victim of extortion by Qi cooking oil. Local and international This led to the creation, on May 4, of back in 2006. news reports said that Li’s death was the State Internet Information Office, likely in connection with his investi- which, the authorities claimed, would In a separate case, in March 2011, pro- gations. help improve coordination among democracy activist and blogger Liu government ministries and agencies Xianbin was handed down a 10-year Numerous other journalists were assaul overseeing the Internet. Observers ex- prison sentence on charges of inciting ted, detained and threatened in 2011 pressed concern that the establishment subversion of state power through ar- in China, while editors and journalists of the institution would lead to stricter ticles published on overseas websites throughout the country were removed control of information posted online. between April 2009 and February 2010. from their positions for failing to respect government guidelines for coverage of Also disturbing was the eight-year ex- Tibetan writer and journalist Tashi Rab- certain issues. tension of a prison term for journalist Qi ten, editor of banned Tibetan-language Chonghuai, editor of Chinalegalnews. magazine Shar Dungri, who had been In Burma, one of Asia’s most repressive com, formerly the website of the Legal jailed without charge for over a year, states, international observers welcomed Daily. Qi has been in detention since was sentenced behind closed doors to a new censorship policy unveiled by the September 2007 on charges of rape. two years in prison on June 2, 2011. Burmese government on June 8, 2011, Observers believe that his sentence Although authorities reportedly did not allowing 178 journals and magazines to was in connection with a posting on the confirm the nature of the charge, obser- publish without submitting stories to the

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censorship board prior to publication. weapons depot in the Turkmen town of social, economic, and political situation The 82 journals and 96 magazines are Abadan, near the country’s capital; the in Kyrgyzstan, was attacked by several published in six categories: the arts, reports revealed that hundreds of people men and beaten near her house late on knowledge, health, sports, children and had been killed by the explosions. Fol- February 22. The attackers did not take technology. The new policy went into lowing international pressure, Yazkuli- any of her belongings, and observers effect on June 10. Publications covering yev was released under a presidential believed the assault may have been a news, economics, religion, crime and pardon on October 26, 2011. result of her professional activities. education had to continue to submit copies of stories to the censorship board, In Tajikistan, on September 29, pro- In Kazakhstan, a draft Law on Tele- according to the new regulation from the secutors asked a court to sentence vision and Radio Broadcasting was Information Ministry. journalist Makhmadyusuf Ismoilov strongly criticised by media observers to 16 years in jail on separate counts who warned that some of the draft law Burmese comedian of defamation, insult, and incitement provisions did not fully conform with Zarganar, a well-known to hatred over an article he published international access to information stan- in the Dushanbe-based independent dards. Kazakh media NGOs said some government critic, was weekly Nuri Zindagi. The article cri- provisions “maintain the state monopoly released from prison. ticised government and law enforce- on the broadcasting media market, may ment officials in the Asht district in violate the public’s right to receive and In a related development, during an the northern Sogd region of Tajikistan, distribute information freely, and under- October interview with Radio Free Asia, and cited alleged corruption, abuse of mine the principles of fair competition Tint Swe, deputy director general of office, and mismanagement of funds. in the broadcast field”. Burma’s Press Scrutiny and Registration Department (PSRD), stated that “press On June 20, Urinboy Usmonov, a BBC Three men in Central Asia censorship should be abolished in the World Service correspondent in Tajikis- near future” in Burma. tan, was detained on charges of making were sentenced to 17 “public calls to forcibly change the years in jail. In an October 12 government amnesty, constitutional system of Tajikistan”. Burmese comedian Zarganar, a well- The charges carry up to 15 years in jail. In a welcome development in the Cen- known government critic, was released tral Asia region, three men were sen- from prison, together with about 50 other In Jalal-Abad, southern Kyrgyzstan, the tenced to 17 years in jail after being political prisoners. Zarganar had been owners of what used to be the region’s found guilty of the murder of prominent serving a 35-year prison sentence after most influential media outlets – Khalil Kyrgyz journalist Gennady Pavlyuk, criticising the Burmese government’s Khudaiberdiyev of Osh TV and Dzhav who died after being thrown from a handling of Cyclone Nargis in 2008. lon Mirzakhodzhayev of Mezon TV – high building in Almaty, Kazakhstan, In a statement welcoming the amnesty, were declared guilty on separate counts in December 2009, with his arms and IPI noted that none of the 16 or more of incitement to ethnic hatred, organisa- legs bound. journalists currently in prison had been tion of mass disorder, creation of armed released. military groups, separatism, and abuse of In the Pacific region, IPI followed with office in connection with violent ethnic great concern developments in Fiji, Central Asia remained one of the conflict in June 2010. The New York- where the military regime continued most restrictive and dangerous parts based Committee to Protect Journalists to impose censorship under the Pub- of Asia for journalists in 2011. Media (CPJ) reported that its research showed lic Emergency Regulations. Further professionals were harassed, physically that charges against Khudaiberdiyev to the regulations initially imposed in attacked, prosecuted and detained on and Mirzakhodzhayev were retaliation April 2009, the government of Frank different charges in connection with for their journalism and that the two Bainimarama has also imposed a media their reports. were “guilty” only of broadcasting, in decree that further limits journalists’ the spring of 2010, a protest rally in ability to report freely. In Turkmenistan, journalist Dovlet- Jalal-Abad against ousted President Kur- myrat Yazkuliyev, a correspondent for manbek Bakiyev. Both men had fled the In Australia, IPI was saddened at the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/ country and were tried in absentia. death of reporter Paul Lockyer and RL), was sentenced to five years in cameraman John Bean, who both prison on October 5 for allegedly en- Also in Kyrgyzstan, journalist Naz- worked for the Australian national couraging a relative’s suicide attempt. gul Kushnazarova, who works for the broadcaster, ABC. The journalists were Observers believed that the move was private Almaz radio station and is the killed in a helicopter crash on August 18 retaliation for his investigative reports anchor of a popular program called while working on a story in the outback. about a series of devastating blasts at a “Current Thoughts”, which covers the 

IPI Annual Report 2011 77 World Press Freedom Overview

Latin America Overview: As Press Freedom Deteriorates, Alarm Bells Ring By Mariela Hoyer Guerrero, Press Freedom Adviser for Latin America & the Caribbean

Mexico has been the deadliest country abeth Macías Castro was decapitated in Velasco’s death; she was found in July on the Latin American continent for September. In each of these cases, the 2011 with her throat slit. The authori journalists since 2000, but in 2011 it victim had been kidnapped and in some ties, as in other cases in which IPI urged became the most dangerous country in cases the bodies were left with messages investigations, denied that her murder the world for media professionals, with reportedly signed by drug cartels. was related to her work. Finally, Ángel 10 slain that year, according to IPI’s Castillo Corona was killed in July, along Death Watch. The Mexican National with his 16-year-old son, in Mexico Commission on Human Rights reported The authorities […] State. that between January 2000 and Septem- denied that Ordaz’s ber 2011, 74 journalists were murdered murder was related In 2011, Honduras acquired a notorious there. Meanwhile, Latin America as distinction as the second-deadliest coun- a whole in 2011 topped Asia and the to her work. try for journalists in the region, with Middle East as the world’s most dan- six murders, according to IPI’s Death gerous region for journalists, with 35 The Mexican state of Veracruz coun- Watch. The Honduran National Guild reporters killed. Organised crime and ted four journalists murdered in 2011: of Journalists claimed that 17 reporters political instability were the primary The body of Noel López Olguín was had been killed since the beginning of catalysts for the violence. found two months after his abduction 2010, with no one held accountable for in a clandestine grave in May, after an any of the slayings. Although the coun- Most of the 2011 killings in Mexico we- arrested drug gang leader confessed to try has one of the highest murder rates re perpetrated in the northern part of the the killing. A week later, the editor of in the world, the fact that most of the country. In the state of Nuevo León, José Notiver, Miguel Angel López Velasco, journalists gunned down in 2011 were Luis Cerda Meléndez and Luis Emanuel who wrote about corruption, drug traf- supporters of former president Manuel Ruiz Carrillo were found dead in March; ficking and crime, was killed along Zelaya – ousted in a coup in June 2009 – in Sinaloa, Humberto Millán Salazar with his wife and son, Misael López has prompted suspicion that their deaths was shot dead in June; in Sonora, Pablo Solana, who was a photographer for the were work-related and clear attacks on Ruelas Barraza’s body was found, also same newspaper. Yolanda Ordaz de la press freedom. in June; and in Tamaulipas, María Eliz- Cruz paid with her life for reporting on Héctor Francisco Medina, a Honduran TV news host, and Luis Mendoza, owner of the TV station Channel 24, were shot dead in May; radio journalists Adán Benítez and Nery Jeremías Orellana were murdered under similar circumstances in July; Medardo Flores was killed in September; in December, Luz Marina Paz Villalobos, who worked for a broadcaster, became the first woman journalist killed since 2009.

In Brazil, five journalists were killed in 2011: Luciano Pedrosa, a broadcast journalist; Valerio Nascimento, owner of the newspaper Panorama Geral; Edinaldo Figueira, founder of the newspaper O Serrano; Valderlei Canuto Leandro, host of the show Sinal Verde; and Nelson Domingos, a cameraman for TV Bandeirantes. All were shot dead Employees of Ecuadorean newspaper Diario el Universo demonstrate in front of the Corte Provincial del Guayas court in Quito, on Sept. 16, 2011. Three newspaper executives and an editor were convicted of libelling President Rafael Correa by gunmen, except for Domingos, who and sentenced to three-year jail terms and ordered to pay a $40-million damages award to Correa. The placard reads, was killed while covering an anti-drug- “Ecuador’s problem isn’t the press. There is not justice, Mr. President.” (AFP Photo/Rodrigo Buendia) trafficking operation.

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Five Chilean journalists from Televisión Nacional de Chile – Felipe Camiroaga, Roberto Bruce, Sylvia Slier, Carolina Gatica and Rodrigo Cabezón – died on assignment in an accident involving a Chilean Air Force plane as they flew to the Juan Fernández archipelago to produce a report.

No journalists had been killed in Peru since 2007, but in 2011 three reporters covering alleged wrongdoing by local politicians were murdered. Julio César Castillo, host of the radio program Noti- ciero Ollantay; Pedro Flores Silva, who worked on the TV program Visión Ag- raria; and José Oquendo Reyes, director and presenter of the BTV Channel program Sin Fronteras, were all shot dead. Two journalists were killed in El Sal Journalists carry crosses wrapped in newspaper while walking to the attorney general‘s office in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, on vador in 2011: cameraman Alfredo Sept. 30, 2011 Journalists planted crosses at the fence of the building in protest of the unresolved murders of journalists. Hurtado and host Nelson Hernandez. (Reuters/Jose Luis Gonzalez)

In Paraguay, radio journalist Medardo Romero was killed at home in front of also destroyed their equipment. Anger allegedly linked to a local politician his three children. with reports by media outlets in Latin bought 2,500 copies of the newspaper America led to attacks on nearly two Al Día de Sincelejo and later, in Mag- In Bolivia, David Niño de Guzmán, dozen community and commercial radio dalena, all copies of a Sunday edition of news director of the Fides news agen- stations, TV broadcasters and news El Heraldo were bought by unidentified cy, was found dead two days after he papers. Sol de los Andes in Perú; Clarin individuals, because it included reports disappeared. and La Nación in Argentina; La Tribuna linking local politicians to paramilitary in Honduras; Vanguardia, Proceso and groups. Meanwhile, a group in Mexico In Colombia, independent journalist El Siglo de Torreón in Mexico; Vive took similar action with an edition of the Luis Eduardo Gómez was gunned down TV in Venezuela; El Deber in Bolivia; weekly Proceso. In Bolivia, the editor of in Arboletes, while walking home with the Paraná Communications Network the newspaper Sol de Pando accused the his wife. in Brazil and La Tercera in Chile were governor of Bolivia State of confiscating And in Guatemala, Yensi Roberto among the outlets affected. 2,000 copies of the newspaper, which Ordoñez Galdámez was found dead in contained stories about nepotism and his car with stab wounds. Few of the media organi corruption. In addition to the risk of being murdered sations targeted were Censorship was also apparent during the because of their work, which is espe- located in large cities. presidential campaign in Peru, when a cially high in Mexico and Honduras, number of reporters for leading media journalists across Latin America faced Few of the media organisations targeted outlets resigned or were fired in order other growing threats to press freedom. were located in large cities. The alleged to avoid criticism of candidate Keiko Attacks against media outlets, threats, perpetrators of these violent acts were, Fujimori. physical aggression and lawsuits in in some instances, unions angered by creased in 2011 as politicians and a the coverage of disputes in which they In Panama, where there appeared to be number of powerful groups sought to were involved. In most attacks invol- no evidence of physical violence against silence independent reports. ving weapons, though, the assailants journalists, reporter Carolina Ángel remained unidentified. Idobro was fired fromLa Prensa because Molotov cocktails, grenades, firebombs she sang during a women’s rights march and guns were used to attack offices In a threat to the right to be informed, she was covering. This ignited a debate of newspapers and broadcasters. This and an example of disguised censorship, about freedom of expression and ethics. happened at least seven times in Bolivia, in several cases authorities tried to pre- when unidentified individuals attempted vent citizens from reading critical re- Journalists in Panama, Guatemala, Nica to take over radio and TV stations, and ports. In Colombia, for instance, people ragua and Argentina also denounced the

IPI Annual Report 2011 79 World Press Freedom Overview

influence of advertisers in the news- The death threats came by phone, In- room. They said that sensitive topics ternet, leaflet, and in person. In one with an economic impact were not being instance, a bullet was delivered in an covered, in a form of self-censorship. envelope. IPI has called on authorities In Latin America, politicians habitu- to act immediately when a threat is ally manipulate advertising in a system reported, because many of the jour- of reward and reprisal. Consequently, nalists slain in 2011 had previously media outlets were more cautious when received threats. In several cases, the reporting on private companies so as not threats were accompanied by perse- to jeopardise a vital source of funding. cution, harassment and intimidation, even involving other family members Reporters Without Borders, together and affecting journalists purportedly with the Paraguayan Journalism Fo- under government protection. Threats rum, reported in July that Paraguay against journalists were most frequent had a “high degree of self-censorship, in Colombia, Honduras, Ecuador, Peru, since it is South America’s largest mari Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Nicaragua, juana producer and it is still dealing Paraguay, Bolivia, and Guatemala. with the Paraguayan People’s Army guerrilla group”. The report added: Death threats came by “Self-censorship regarding the coverage of organized crime is also widespread phone, Internet, leaflet, Chilean President Sebastian Pinera holds up the Declaration of Chapultepec, moments after signing the in Mexico, where many media outlets, and in person. document committing himself to supporting and promo- especially those in the regions, have ting freedom of the press and the free flow of informa- stopped covering drug-related topics.” Death threats forced journalists such tion in his country, at the Moneda Palace in Santiago on as Mary Luz Avendano in Colombia May 3, 2011. A number of journalists were harassed and detained during student-led protests in Chile in 2011. Threats against freedom of expression and Silvia Gonzalez in Nicaragua to (EPA/Claudio Reyes) also increased on the Internet. Through flee their respective countries in 2011. out 2011, people were killed, or received On a related, bittersweet note, Mexican threats, because of their use of blogs reporter Alejandro Hernández Pacheco and Twitter. In addition, journalists and was granted political asylum in the Uni- harassed by the local authorities, who media outlets were directly targeted. ted States. He had fled there after being also cut off the flow of all-important Some worrying examples surfaced in kidnapped by a drug cartel in 2010. advertising to local media. Mexico, with the hacking of the websites of Record Quintana Roo, Cuarto Physical attacks against journalists Meanwhile, both national and regio- Poder and Noticaribe. Equally alarm have been common in the region in re- nal authorities in Latin America used ing, in Venezuela the Twitter and email cent years. In 2011, according to reports criminal defamation laws to muzzle cri- accounts of more than 20 journalists by local press freedom organisations, tical reporting, especially on corruption. were hacked. Groups allegedly linked half of the attacks occurred while jour- According to IPYS Peru, 30 journalists to President Hugo Chavez’s government nalists were covering demonstrations in that country remained embroiled in acknowledged responsibility. – during which they were assaulted judicial proceedings. Fundamedios in by union members or police officers Ecuador reported that 13 journalists Death threats against reporters were and were forced to hand over cameras, were on trial. Lawsuits were also used frequent across the region in 2011 and memory cards or recorders. The other in Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, came in many forms. In the month of half of identified cases involved targeted Colombia and Venezuela. Defamation September alone, IPI counted 14 new physical attacks in which journalists was the most common charge, although death threats in Latin America. IPI were intercepted and shot or beaten, in Ecuador authorities also used charges research indicated that of a group of and/or had their material stolen. In Peru, related to sabotage, terrorism, libel, 62 threats throughout the year, 50% the Press and Society Institute (IPYS) slander and offences against govern- stemmed from authorities and political reported 79 cases of physical aggression ment officials, in order to eliminate groups, 33% from unidentified individu- between January and September 2011. critical reports. als, and 16% from organised crime. The Meanwhile, in Ecuador, Fundamedi- problem appeared to be intensifying in os noted an increase in the number of The most prominent cases in Ecua regional areas – where accurate statistics assaults, with 211 cases between Sep- dor were the US$10 million (approx. are hard to come by because the victims, tember 2010 and September 2011. 7.6 million euro) lawsuit against Juan either due to their distrust of the judicial Carlos Calderón and Christian Zurita, system, or a fear of reprisals, do not Journalists investigating corruption, investigative reporters who published always make a formal complaint. especially in regional areas, were often a book titled “El Gran Hermano” about

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alleged contracts between the brother tion lawsuits, the governments of Ve- and would ban private national media of Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa nezuela and Ecuador also used admin companies and main shareholders from and the state; and the US$40 milli- istrative proceedings and broadcaster holding assets in other companies. By on (approx. 30.5 million euro) lawsuit license distribution to punish critics. the end of the year, bills for the Tele- against El Universo newspaper, which A notable case in 2011 involved TV communications Law and for the new resulted in prison terms of three years news channel Globovisión, which faced Organic Law on Control of the Power for the paper’s three directors, Carlos, a US$2 million (approx. 1.5 million of the Market, with consequences for César and Nicolás Pérez. Opinion editor euro) fine for “inciting hatred” during the media, were also on the list for Emilio Palacio was forced to leave the the coverage of a prison riot. It was discussion. country. the seventh administrative proceeding against the station. Venezuela proposed In Venezuela, both the editor and publisher of weekly news magazine Sexto In a similar case, Guyana President a law to regulate Poder were detained after publication of Bharrat Jadgeo suspended broadcasting community media. a satirical article entitled “The Powerful by CNS Channel Six, a privately owned Women of the Revolution”, depicting opposition TV station, for four months, Venezuela proposed a law to regulate the heads of the Venezuelan attorney starting September 30, 2011. The order community media; Bolivia approved general’s office, the National Assembly, generated controversy because it forced a controversial Telecommunications, the Supreme Court and the National the station off the air in the run-up to re- Information Technology and Commu- Electoral Council, among others, as gional and general elections on Decemb nication Law and later said it would re- cabaret dancers. The two were accused er 28. The order was then postponed to view the existing press law; Guatemala of “incitement to hatred”, a criminal December. approved reform of the telecommuni offence under Venezuela’s Penal Code. cation law that allows the near-auto- The weekly was closed for a number of In yet another move against independ matic renewal of radio and television days. Editor Dinorah Girón was freed af- ent media, a number of Latin American frequencies for 25 years, for those who ter a few hours, pending trial. Publisher governments promoted new laws already hold a lease; and Chile, after Leocenis García remained behind bars threatening press freedom. several months of protests, introduced for more than 70 days and was only re- a Penal Code Reform Project. This has leased pending trial after a hunger strike. Ecuador in May held a referendum in been criticised by Reporters Without which voters approved a communica- Borders because the law gives police the In addition to the acquisition of media tions law that would include the creation power to request photographs, film, or outlets and the use of criminal defama of a council to regulate media content recordings taken by reporters and which the police may then use to identify and prosecute criminal suspects. El Salvador and Brazil approved laws on access to information.

However, there were a few positive legislative steps, too: El Salvador and Brazil approved laws on access to information. In El Salvador, President Mauricio Funes supported reform decriminalising slander, libel and defamation and announced a plan to make state broadcasters autonomous public media, with the aim of preventing the outlets from being used to serve the interests of ruling politicians. At the end of 2011, the Mexican Senate approved the decriminalisation of slander and libel, and senators in Brazil approved a In this Nov. 3, 2011, photo, archivists organise documents at the former National Police Archive in Guatemala City. Guatemala adopted a freedom of information law in 2008. In the first worldwide test of freedom of information conducted bill amending an element of the consti- by The Associated Press in 2011, Guatemala was among the most responsive of 105 countries involved. (AP Photo/ tution that required practising journalists Rodrigo Abd) to hold a degree.

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Peru’s Congress passed a bill replacing suffer the same fate if investigations do of press freedom organisations. In prison time for defamation and libel not deliver results soon. The Coordi fact, in 2011 President Correa public- offences with fines and community nating Committee of Press Freedom ly criticised the Committee to Protect service. The change was proposed in Organizations asked authorities to draw Journalists; the office of the Special June and only needed the president’s up security programs that protect jour- Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression signature to become law, but six months nalists, and it urged the governments of the Organization of American States; later it had not been signed. of Colombia and Mexico to review and local Fundamedios, whose director, elements that could be used to reopen César Ricaurte, was threatened on Press freedom organisations repeatedly cases, and to take the necessary steps several occasions. In Venezuela, the urged the authorities to combat im to avoid other crimes against journa- NGO Espacio Público was robbed twice punity in cases involving journalists. lists from succumbing to the statute of in November. No action was taken by In Colombia, the limitations period limitations. the authorities.  for the bringing of charges expired in five journalist murder cases in 2011. In The Ecuadorian and Venezuelan govern- Mexico, 19 murders of journalists could ments offered no support for the work

Caribbean Overview: From Criminal Defamation to Self-Censorship By Steven M. Ellis, Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & North America

Self-censorship and state hostility to- financial crisis and rising food costs, the Voz de la Verdad and host of a Caña TV ward independent media remained per- region also found itself caught amidst program of the same name – was arres- vasive problems in the Caribbean in continued tensions between the United ted in May 2011 for allegedly insulting 2011, as the region saw its first murder States and governments in Venezuela and defaming prosecutor José Polanco of a journalist due to his or her work and Cuba. Ramírez by accusing him of links to since 2008. drug traffickers. Silvestre was released Meanwhile, IPI entered into a partner- on bail in June pending trial, but in Au- Dominican Republic journalist José ship with the Association of Caribbean gust he was found dead with gunshot Agustín “Gajo” Silvestre de los Santos Media Workers, which was scheduled wounds to the head, neck and abdomen, was shot dead in August, following a to, among other things, bring IPI’s 2012 approximately an hour after he was wave of aggression that the country’s World Congress and 61st General As- kidnapped outside a La Romana hotel. Journalism Guild said led to more than sembly to Port-of-Spain in Trinidad and 30 incidents against media workers in Tobago in June 2012. Authorities announced the arrests of the first six months of the year. six men they said were involved in the The Dominican Republic and Haiti re- attack, and identified the mastermind as The press freedom situation also re mained two of the most dangerous coun- Joaquín Espinal Almeyda, also known mained dire in Haiti, which in January tries for journalists in the Caribbean. as Matías Avelino Castro, a hotel owner 2011 marked the one-year anniversary However, IPI applauded in February and reputed drug trafficker. Authorities of a devastating earthquake that led to when Dominican Republic authorities attributed the attack to retaliation for an an ongoing cholera outbreak. Cuba brought criminal charges against police article in Silvestre’s magazine implica- released the last of 29 journalists de- who allegedly plotted to murder lawyer ting Avelino, who remains a fugitive, tained during the 2003 “Black Spring” and TV host Jordi Veras in 2010. in a murder. crackdown but continued to foster a repressive media environment. The Dominican Republic Haiti held a presidential election in March 2011. In April, an arson attack Self-censorship based on fear of violent and Haiti remained two attributed to armed supporters of a le- reprisal by criminal gangs or other of the most dangerous gislative candidate destroyed the offices powerful stakeholders continued to and equipment of community radio be a problem in the Caribbean, while countries for journalists station Tèt Ansanm Karis, leaving the journalists in former colonies faced the in the Carribean. northeastern city of Caricel without a threat of jail and debilitating fines and radio station. Earlier that month, Pradel legal costs under archaic laws crimi- Such enthusiasm was tempered when Henriquez, the director-general of state- nalising defamation. Hit by the global Silvestre – director of the magazine La owned Télévision Nationale d’Haïti

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regulation was withdrawn last year, following an outcry from local media and international press freedom organisations, including IPI. Additionally, a judge in Bermuda ruled in August that the criminal libel prosecution of attorney Charles Richardson for comments he made on Facebook about a police detective – reportedly the island’s first criminal libel charge in nearly 30 years – contravened Richardson’s constitutional right to freedom of expression.

In Jamaica, which held early elections on December 29, a bill was tabled in parliament that would reform the country’s defamation laws by, among other measures, decriminalising defamation. IPI, which is currently pushing to decriminalise libel and slander throughout the Caribbean, met in December with Jamaica’s information minister and Friends and relatives of Dominican Republic‘s journalist Jose Agustin Silvestre attend his funeral in La Romana, Dominican a representative of the Justice Minis- Republic. Silvestre was kidnapped and killed on Aug. 2, 2011, before he could publish his exposé on corruption involving try, who both said the government was local businessmen and politicians. (AP Photo/Alberto Calvo) committed to moving the bill forward.

The Press Association of Jamaica issued an open letter to Prime Minister (TNH), filed a criminal defamation leader. Many of the journalists detained Andrew Holness in early December, action against three TNH journalists during the Black Spring crackdown expressing concerns over “veiled threats who said they had been fired for cri- went into exile following their release. against media workers” by supporters ticising then-President-Elect Michel Authorities accused IPI World Press of his Jamaica Labour Party, following Martelly. Freedom Hero Yoani Sanchez of enga- Holness’s accusation of bias in some ging in cyberwar against her country segments in the media at a public rally Ernst Joseph and Wolf “Duralph” through her Generacion Y blog, and they preceding the election. Holness res- François, hosts of the programme arrested a string of journalists before the ponded by affirming his party’s belief “They said it” on Radio Prévention in island’s Communist Party Congress. in “freedom of the press [and] safety the southwestern town of Petit-Goâve, of the press” as well as “transparen- were arrested in June during an appear Reports indicated that the government cy” and “balance in reporting”. The ance at the public prosecutor’s office had shifted from persecuting critical following day, his opponent, People’s and charged with defamation, disturbing journalists through long-term impri- National Party President Portia Simpson public order and destruction of public sonment to using arbitrary arrests, Miller, called on her party’s officials and property after a group of supporters short-term detentions, beatings, smear supporters not to attack the media during clashed with supporters of the mayor campaigns, surveillance and social the election campaign. outside the prosecutor’s office. sanctions. Authorities revoked the press credentials of Spanish El País corres- In early December, Trinidad and pondent Mauricio Vicent in September Tobago saw the expiration of a state Many of the journalists for portraying a “biased and negative of emergency declared in August by detained during the Black image” of the country, and reports of Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Spring Crackdown went beatings and arrests of journalists con- reportedly over fear of reprisals by drug tinued to surface throughout the year. gangs after police seized a boat carrying into exile. US$22 million in drugs. The state of The Caribbean did see some positive emergency, which included overnight Cuba saw continued harassment of developments, including the creation in curfews in a number of areas around independent media, despite signs that Bermuda of a new self-regulatory, in- Trinidad designated as crime “hot spots”, the nation’s economic system is slowly dependent media council, which began had led to fear of a possible government beginning to evolve as well as instances work in February. The council was crackdown on journalists seeking to of candid, public reflection by Cuba’s created after a bill proposing statutory report on crime on the island. 

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United States & Canada Overview: Troubling Developments Mar Overall Positive Image By Steven M. Ellis, Press Freedom Adviser for Europe & North America

Although no journalists were killed in photographers for arrest when the pro- However, the American Civil Liberties the United States or Canada in 2011, and tests began in late September. By the Union in October sued the Los Angeles despite a relative absence of violence following month, police faced accu- Sheriff’s Department over a written against reporters there in comparison sations of beatings and indiscriminate policy designating photography in cer- to much of the rest of the world, both detentions, leading Police Commis tain public places as suspicious activity. countries saw troubling developments sioner Ray Kelly to warn officers that The suit came after deputies reportedly marring an overall positive picture. they would face disciplinary action for subjected photographers – including a unreasonably interfering with media Long Beach Post reporter – to deten In the United States, police harassed access. While accounts varied, reports tion, search and interrogation for taking and arrested reporters and photographers indicated that at least 34 reporters were pictures from public streets. The Long as they covered protests. More than 30 arrested in protests in cities such as Beach Post reporter was detained and journalists covering “Occupy” protests Atlanta; Boston; Chapel Hill, N.C.; questioned for taking photos in front across the country were reportedly de- Milwaukee; Nashville; Oakland, Calif. of his home across the street from a tained. and Richmond, Va. courthouse. Other detentions reportedly involved pictures taken of subway turn- The Obama adminis Garnering less publicity, but equally stiles and oil refineries. alarming, was that police arrested or tration continued an harassed reporters attempting to cover At the federal level, prosecutors con- unprecedented crack- arrests or other events throughout the tinued to try to force New York Times year – while allowing members of the investigative reporter James Risen to down on whitsleblowers public to remain present – in cities inclu- testify about a confidential source in the and leakers. ding Miami, Chicago, and Milwaukee, criminal trial of a former CIA official as well as in Suffolk County, N.Y. accused of leaking classified infor- While the Obama administration con- mation. A U.S. district judge partially tinued an unprecedented crackdown on A federal appeals court ruled in August quashed a subpoena for Risen’s testi- whistleblowers and leakers, officials at that the First Amendment included a mony, but prosecutors were appealing the federal and state levels moved to li- right to record police activity in public. that decision. The government’s move mit media access to government records, and some political candidates sought to shut out unsympathetic media.

Canada did not see a similar level of harassment of reporters, but calls continued for a comprehensive public inquiry into the arrests of, and alleged assaults against, journalists by police at the G20 Summit in Toronto in 2010. Proposed legislation in Quebec called for a statutory definition of who is a “professional” journalist, while the federal Parliament was the scene of a row between liberals and conservatives over funding for the state broadcaster.

Many of the most blatant and well-publicised violations of press freedom in the United States occurred in the second half of 2011, as the Occupy protests began in New York City and spread across the country. New York City Police A New York City police officer removes a journalist from the scene where protesters affiliated with the Occupy Wall Street Department officers allegedly targeted movement gathered in Manhattan on Nov. 17, 2011. (Reuters/Eduardo Munoz)

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came as prosecutors under the Obama administration had reportedly charged more people in cases involving leaked information than had all previous U.S. presidents combined.

In September, an administration official reportedly told a meeting of reporters, lawyers and government staff who worked on national security matters that the government’s behaviour would change to match technological developments. The official is said to have com- mented: “We’re not going to subpoena reporters in the future. We don’t need to. We know who you’re talking to.”

The Justice Department argued that photos and videos of Osama bin Laden’s death should not be made public under the Freedom of Information Act.

Federal agencies became embroiled in controversy: The CIA – before reversing itself – abruptly pulled its advertisements from Detroit’s largest Arab-American newspaper after the paper ran an Asso ciated Press story claiming the agency was spying on Muslim-Americans. Meanwhile, the Justice Department argued that photos and videos of Osama bin Laden’s death should not be made public under the Freedom of Information

Act, a decision put in perspective by the Homeland Security Chief Privacy Officer Mary Ellen Callahan, left, and General Counsel Ivan Fong are sworn in on Capitol repeated airings of images of Libyan Hill in Washington, D.C. on March 31, 2011, prior to testifying before the House Oversight and Government Reform leader Muammar Gaddafi’s bloodied Committee hearing on the Freedom of Information Act. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster) corpse. The department also proposed a rule that would allow it to respond falsely that some sensitive records did before dying in the Senate. Two men attempting to muzzle critical student not exist, rather than denying FOIA were convicted and sentenced to life journalists. Hackers increased attacks on requests for their disclosure. imprisonment for the 2007 killing of news media websites and social media Oakland Post reporter Chauncey Bailey, accounts, while news outlets continued There were some positive developments, although another journalist covering the to haemorrhage jobs and see reporters as well. Republican Representative trial received a death threat. accused in plagiarism scandals. Mike Pence of Indiana re-introduced a bill in the House of Representatives However, other concerns continued to Some states moved forward with pro- that would provide source confidentia- arise across the country. Critics com- tections on source confidentiality and lity protections for journalists in fede- plained of government violations of improvements to freedom of informa- ral courts. This marked Pence’s third access to information and of open mee- tion laws, but others took steps back, attempt, with similar bills having been tings laws at federal, state and local and concerns were raised over the use passed by the House in 2007 and 2009 levels. Universities were accused of of ‘anti-terrorism’ grounds to restrict the

IPI Annual Report 2011 85 World Press Freedom Overview

release of information. Some politicians against hate literature and pornography. under the Access to Information Act to were accused of limiting media access to Media were also subject to a 2010 ruling disclose how much it paid for celebra- sympathetic outlets, a phenomenon also that journalists did not have a consti- tions of its 75th anniversary. Liberals alleged in Canada in the weeks leading tutional right to conceal confidential accused conservatives of using the CBC up to a federal election in May 2011. sources, although that ruling recognised as a scapegoat for budget deficits and of a qualified privilege to withhold confi- breaking election promises to continue Following the election, commentators dential documents. the broadcaster’s funding as the federal urged the government of Canada to government examined cuts of between reform a 73-year-old law banning the One troubling provincial measure this 5 and 10 percent across federal depart- transmission of news, opinions and re- year arose in Quebec, where legislators ments. sults before polls close in the west of the considered a bill that would define and country, as the use of social media called license “professional” journalists “ser- As the broadcaster lashed out against into question the rule’s enforceability ving the public interest”, as opposed privately owned Quebecor over an and usefulness. to “amateur bloggers”. Meanwhile, an ongoing series of stories about the independent journalist, blogger and ac- broadcaster’s problem with disclosing Canada prepared to mark the 30th an- tivist in Ontario found himself charged how it spent taxpayer money, a commit- niversary, in 2012, of the Charter of with criminal libel over a blog post in tee in Parliament approved a motion to Rights and Freedoms, which officially which he identified a man he claimed to require the handover of files related to enshrined “freedom of the press and be an undercover police officer infiltra- several access requests, a move some other media of communication”. How- ting anarchist circles. critics initially said could require iden- ever, under existing court rulings, the tification of sources. right can be limited to end discrimina- An independent tion, ensure social harmony or promote A federal appeals court later upheld gender equality. In a positive develop- journalist, blogger and a ruling ordering the network to pro- ment, the country’s Supreme Court this activist in Ontario vide secret documents to the federal year ruled that hyperlinking to defa- found himself charged commissioner charged with investi- matory material on the Internet did not gating complaints about institutions’ constitute publishing the defamatory with criminal libel over a handling of access requests. But CBC material itself. blog post. CEO Hubert T. Lacroix said the broadcaster would not appeal the decision, Nevertheless, media remained subject to Canada’s state broadcaster, the Canadian indicating that it clarified most of the provincial-level film censorship, broad- Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), found broadcaster’s concerns with the lower cast licensing procedures, voluntary itself in the middle of a row between court ruling, “especially the key issue codes curbing graphic violence and laws political groups after it declined requests of protecting journalistic sources”. 

Death Watch Overview: 102 Journalists Killed in 2011; Mexico Leads the Pack By Barbara Trionfi, Senior Press Freedom Adviser for Asia & the Pacific

On average, almost two journalists have While investigations into a number of a trend of increasing violence against been killed every week around the world recent slayings are still ongoing, the journalists in the Western hemisphere, for the past five years. In 2011, a total likelihood that the perpetrators will be which IPI and other international groups of 102 were killed – almost all of them brought to justice – if results of the last have sought to address for some years. local journalists reporting on ongoing few years are any indicator – is close local conflicts, or on corruption and to zero. In the two most deadly Latin Ameri- other illegal activities. Often, they were can countries – Mexico and Honduras, perceived to be supporting the ‘wrong’ Latin America, with 35 journalists killed where 10 and 6 journalists were killed political or ethnic group through their in 2011, became the world’s most dan- respectively this year – journalists suf- reports. gerous region for journalists, confirming fered as a consequence of ongoing drug

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Hundreds of Turkish journalists, some holding photos of their recently jailed colleagues, march to protest the detention of journalists in an alleged coup plot and demand reforms to Turkey‘s media laws, in Ankara on March 19, 2011.(AP Photo/Burhan Ozbilici)

wars. Reporting on drug cartels can be The three journalists killed in Peru in he had been detained the day before extremely dangerous, but not giving 2011 had all been critical of government while filming demonstrations in Al them “sufficient” media coverage can officials and were perceived as being Qasir, in the province of Homs. be deadly, too. close to the former government. In North Africa, eight journalists were Almost all journalists killed in Latin killed while reporting on protests and America in 2011 worked for local The volatile situation civil conflicts during the 2011 Arab newspapers. When such papers are si- in Iraq caused the death Spring. Between March and April, five lenced, issues of interest to the local of nine reporters journalists were killed in Libya, two in community – but inconvenient to lo- Egypt and one in Tunisia. One journalist cal leaders – are no longer brought to in the country. was killed in Algeria, but the reason light. Almost all of the Latin American behind his murder remained unclear. journalists killed in 2011 had received The Middle East was the second dead- death threats. liest region in 2011, with 21 journalists Egyptian journalist Ahmed Mohammed killed. The volatile situation in Iraq Mahmoud died after being hit by a snip Four of the five journalists killed in caused the death of nine reporters in er while photographing demonstrations Brazil in 2011 were known for their the country. Most of them died as a con- on Tahrir Square from the balcony of criticism of local authorities and, in so- sequence of explosions during public his home nearby on January 28. Wael me cases, exposure of illegal activities. events they were covering. Yunna was killed on October 9 during The fifth, cameraman Gelson Domingos clashes between Coptic protestors and da Silva, was shot dead while covering In Yemen, six journalists were killed the military. an anti-drug-trafficking operation in while covering anti-government protests the Antares favela in Rio de Janeiro, and the military’s crackdown on them. In Tunisia, Lucas Mebrouk Dolega, a in spite of the fact that he was wearing Five of them were killed in the capital photographer with the European Press a bullet-proof vest. Domingos’s death Sana’a. Photo Agency (EPA), who had arrived sparked debate in the country about the in Tunisia on the eve of former President fact that Brazilian law only allows the In Syria, cameraman Ferzat Jarban was Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali’s ouster, died armed forces to use bullet-proof vests reportedly found on November 20 with from an injury he sustained when police with the highest protection levels. his eyes gouged out, and witnesses said allegedly lobbed a tear gas grenade at him.

IPI Annual Report 2011 87 World Press Freedom Overview

Algerian freelance journalist Ahmed from a health worker in relation to a All three journalists killed in Russia Nezar, a correspondent for several local story about a patient who had developed were shot in targeted killings, bringing French newspapers, was shot on the af- an infection. A note was found at the the total number of journalists killed ternoon of May 6 in Baghlia, a town 60 crime scene stating: “If you don’t stop there since 2000 to 40 and reaffirming km east of the capital, Algiers, Reuters publishing news, you will die.” the country’s reputation as one of the reported. most dangerous in the world for jour- A total of 10 journalists were killed in nalists. Influential journalist and human A total of 17 journalists died in Asia this sub-Saharan Africa in 2011, according rights activist Hadzhimurad Kamalov year, with Pakistan and the Philippines to information received by IPI. The was gunned down on December 15, remaining the two most dangerous coun- relatively low figure, for a region in 2011 – a day dedicated to the commemo- tries in the region for journalists. which many countries were affected by ration of the assassination of journalists civil conflict and the rule of law was not in the country. Four journalists killed always respected, raised concern that in 2011 in the Philippines some killings may remain unreported. Three journalists died underscored a trend of Three journalists were killed in Somalia, because of their work violence against radio where a 20-year civil war has destabi in Turkey in 2011, two of lised the entire country. TV journal them as a consequence reporters. ist Noramfaizul Mohd Nor was killed when the vehicle he and a Malaysian of an aftershock that hit In Pakistan, of the six journalists whose aid agency representative were travel- the city of Van. deaths were confirmed by local ob- ling in was fired at. Abiaziz Ahmed servers to be in connection with their Aden was killed in a suicide bombing Three journalists died because of their journalistic work, two were killed by a while reporting on military operations work in Turkey in 2011, two of them as a series of explosions on which they were against a terrorist group. Abdisalan consequence of an aftershock that hit the reporting. The remaining four died in Sheikh Hassan was shot by an assail city of Van, where the journalists were targeted killings. ant wearing the military uniform of covering the aftermath of the October 23 the Transitional National Government. earthquake. The journalists’ bodies were The four journalists killed in 2011 in the discovered in the rubble of the Bayram Philippines all hosted radio programs One additional Somali journalist, Hotel. Journalist and human rights acti- airing criticism of local politicians and Ibrahim Mohamed Zaki, was killed vist Suzan Zengin, who spent two years reports on corruption. This underscored a in Johannesburg, South Africa, when in pre-trial detention for alleged ties to trend of violence against radio reporters in armed men attacked his car. an illegal organisation, reportedly died the provinces, which has persisted in the as a result of the government’s alleged Philippines for over 10 years and which failure to provide adequate medical care authorities have so far failed to curb. All of the cases involved during her incarceration. targeted killings in which In Afghanistan, reporter Ahmad Omed the journalists were either Finally, eight journalists died this year Khpalwak was killed while reporting in accidents while on assignment. Five on a bomb blast targeting the office of shot or stabbed. journalists from Televisión Nacional the Uruzgan province deputy governor de Chile (TVN) died in an accident and the base of a militia that helps pro- Journalists were also killed in 2011 in involving a Chilean Air Force plane tect NATO convoys in Afghanistan, for Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic on their way to the Juan Fernández which the Taliban claimed responsibili- of Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South archipelago. Two journalists with the ty. Press TV cameraman Farhad Taqad- Sudan and Uganda. All of the cases Australian national broadcaster, ABC, dosi died after being injured by a rocket involved targeted killings in which the were killed in a helicopter crash on that hit the network’s Kabul office as journalists were either shot or stabbed. August 18, while working on a story gunmen attacked buildings near the In many cases the motive behind the in the outback. Thai cameraman U.S. embassy and NATO headquarters. murders remained unclear as investi- Sornwichai Khatannukul was among gations either did not take place or did nine people on board an army Black Two journalists were killed in India in not lead to charges being pressed against Hawk helicopter that crashed inside 2011: Investigative journalist Jyotirmoy any suspects. Burma on July 19, in an operation to Dey was shot dead in broad daylight on retrieve the bodies of five soldiers killed June 11, and police believed his murder A total of seven journalists were killed in a helicopter crash three days prior. was in retaliation for his reports on the in 2011 in Europe: three each in Russia Sornwichai was filing a report on the oil mafia. Reporter Umesh Rajput was and Turkey, respectively, and one in body retrieval operation for Thailand’s killed in February after receiving threats Azerbaijan. Channel 5 TV broadcaster. 

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IPI Death Watch Overview by Country and Region IPI includes in its Death Watch journalists who died while on assignment or as the result of an assignment, or who were targeted for their work.

AFRICA (17) for state-run newspaper Al Taawun. had owned a computer company, used Mahmoud was hit by sniper fire while the Internet and satellite to upload re- Algeria (1) photographing demonstrations in Tahrir ports to the channel on livestream.com, Freelance journalist Ahmed Nezar Square from the balcony of his nearby which he founded when the uprising was shot on the afternoon of May 6, home on January 28. He succumbed to began, according to the German maga- 2011, in Baghlia, a town 60 km east his wounds a week later. zine Der Spiegel. of the capital of Algiers, Reuters re- Wael Yunna, a journalist for a Coptic ported. According to the news agency, (Christian) television station, was Tim Hetherington, an Oscar-nomina- Nezar was a correspondent for several among those killed on October 9, during ted photojournalist and filmmaker, and local French newspapers. While the clashes between Coptic protestors and Chris Hondros, a prize-winning photo- reason for his killing was still unknown, the military, reports said. Each side was grapher for Getty Images, were killed in Reuters said it “revived memories of the reportedly backed by other protestors. the Western Libyan city of Misrata on 1990s when journalists were routinely April 20 when they were hit by an RPG. targeted by Islamist insurgents fighting Libya (5) Anton Hammerl, an Austrian-South government security forces”. Al Jazeera cameraman Ali Hasan al- African journalist, was believed to have Jaber was killed and two others wound been killed on April 5 when he and a Cote d’Ivoire (1) ed in an apparent ambush by unknown group of other journalists were attacked Sylvain Gagnetaud, an editor and pre- gunmen on March 12. Al-Jaber, a Qatari by pro-Gaddafi forces. The other jour- senter at Radio Yopougon, was detained citizen, was reportedly returning to the nalists, U.S. citizens Clare Gillis and during fighting between a militia and rebel-held city of Benghazi after co- James Foley, along with Spanish photo forces supporting President Alassane vering protests in a nearby town when grapher Manu Brabo, were taken into Ouattara, around May 8. The journalist his vehicle was fired at. custody at the time Hammerl was shot, was allegedly murdered several days The founder of online channel Libya and for several weeks it was believed later in the Yopougon district of Abidjan, Al Hurra was killed by snipers in the that Hammerl had been detained at the the country’s administrative centre. The eastern city of Benghazi on March 19. same time. However, after the others circumstances around the arrest and Mohammed al-Nabbous, 28, was shot were released on May 18, they revealed death of Gagnetaud remained unclear. during the violence as Gaddafi’s forces that they had seen Hammerl shot and attacked Benghazi. Al-Nabbous, who believed that he had died. Democratic Republic of Congo (1) Witness-Patchelly Kambale Musonia, 32, was shot dead near his home in Nord-Kivu province on June 21, AFP reported. He had worked for Commun ity Radio of Lubero Sud in Kirumba, reports stated. Press freedom group Journaliste en Danger (JED) said that four days before he was killed Musonia had hosted a radio program in which “participants denounced the climate of insecurity caused by the presence of a local armed gang made up of civilians operating in complicity with the police”. The reasons for Kambale’s murder had not been clarified by the end of 2011 because no investigation had taken place, JED told IPI.

Egypt (2) Ahmed Mohammed Mahmoud, 36, died late in the first week of February, Georgian journalists and supporters of photographers detained for alleged espionage gather to hold a rally outside the Al Ahram said. He reportedly worked Georgian parliament in Tbilisi on July 12, 2011. (AP Photo/Mzia Saganelidze, Pool)

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Malaysian Muslims carry the coffin of Bernama TV cameraman Noramfaizul Mohd Nor, who was shot dead on Sept. 2 in Mogadishu, Somalia. (AP Photo/Lai Seng Sin)

Nigeria (1) ed, but the Awareness Times reported travelled to Mogadishu and identified NTA journalist Zakiriyya Isa was killed that at least two of those had polio and his body. on October 22 in the city of Maiduguri would not have been capable of carrying Abdisalan Sheikh Hassan, a reporter in Nigeria’s Borno state. He was shot out the attack, and so were eventually for HornCable Television and Radio by two gunmen while on his way home released. No one had been prosecuted Hamar (also known as Voice of Demo- from the mosque. It was not immediate for the crime by the end of the year, cracy), was shot dead on December 18 ly clear why he had been killed, although reports said. in Mogadishu by an unknown assailant his death came only weeks after Islamist armed with an AK47 and wearing the group Boko Haram, which had claimed Somalia (3) military uniform of the Transitional responsibility for an increasing number Noramfaizul Mohd Nor, 39, a journa- National Government. Hassan and a of terror attacks, warned that it would go list for Malaysian national Bernama TV, colleague were driving away from the after the media for their “misrepresen was killed in Mogadishu on September HornCable offices when their vehicle tations” of the group. 2. He was travelling with a Malaysian was ambushed. Reports said that Hassan aid agency when their vehicle was re- was directly targeted by the shooter; he Sierra Leone (1) portedly fired on; the attack killed Nor was shot several times in the shoulder Ibrahim Foday, 38, was stabbed to and wounded a colleague. and stomach and pronounced dead upon death on June 12 on the outskirts of Abiaziz Ahmed Aden, 24, a newscaster arrival at a local hospital. No motive Freetown, when he was caught in violent and reporter for Somali regional station had been given for the murder, though skirmishes between two communities Radio Markabley, was among at least unconfirmed reports stated that Hassan locked in a land dispute. A reporter for 100 people killed in an October 4 sui- had received death threats related to his Exclusive Newspaper, Foday had writ- cide bombing by the Al Shabab militant work in previous weeks. ten a series of articles about the conflict group in Mogadishu. Aden had been that were unpopular with those on one sent to Mogadishu to cover military South Africa (1) side of the disagreement, the Sierra operations against the Al Qaeda-linked Somali journalist Ibrahim Mohamed Leone Association of Journalists said. organisation. Aden was originally re- Zaki, who was working for the Somali- Three suspects were eventually arrest ported as missing; family members later land-based Horn Cable TV network, was

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killed in Johannesburg on May 31 when press organisations called on authorities that Canuto – also reportedly president of armed men attacked his car, according to to investigate the death, arguing that it a local taxi union – was known for criti- a press release from the National Union was possibly linked to his work. cising local authorities and had accused of Somali Journalists. Tabatinga Mayor Samuel Benerguy of Brazil (5) threatening him with death in May over South Sudan (1) Brazilian broadcast journalist Luciano his reports on corruption. Benerguy Khaled Abdel Hady, a journalist for Pedrosa, 46, was killed on April 9 in denied any involvement in the killing. Masreya newspaper, died in October Vitoria de Santo Antao, according to Brazilian cameraman Gelson Domin from malaria. The Egyptian journalist reports. Pedrosa, who worked for Metro gos da Silva, who worked for TV Band had contracted the disease while accom- FM and as a presenter on Vitoria TV, eirantes, was shot dead on November 6 panying an official delegation to South covered crime and news about local au- while covering an anti-drug-trafficking Sudan, Youm7 stated. The exact date thorities, according to the Committee to operation in Rio de Janeiro. He was hit of his death was not reported. Egyptian Protect Journalists (CPJ) and local news in the chest by a rifle round in the An- Nile sector official Dr. Ahmed Rajab reports. He had received regular death tares favela. Although he was wearing also died of malaria contracted during threats but had not filed a complaint, a bullet-proof vest, he died on his way the same visit. reports said. Pedrosa was in a restaurant to the hospital, news reports said. The in the eastern Brazilian town when he 46-year-old media worker, an experi- Tunisia (1) was shot by a gunman, who then fled on enced crime photographer, was the first Lucas Mebrouk Dolega, a photo a motorcycle with an accomplice. member of a team to die under such cir- grapher working for the European Press Gunmen shot and killed Valerio Nasci cumstances. His killing sparked debate Photo Agency (EPA), died in Tunis from mento, owner of Brazilian newspaper in the country about working conditions an injury he sustained when the police Panorama Geral, which had criticised for reporters who cover risky assign- allegedly deliberately lobbed a tear gas local authorities in Sao Paulo state. ments, as Brazilian law only allows the grenade at him on January 14. Dolega, According to AP, police confirmed that armed forces to use bullet-proof vests 32, had arrived in Tunisia the day before, Nascimento was shot twice in the back with the highest protection levels. the eve of President Zine al-Abidine Ben and once in the head by unidentified Ali’s ouster, according to press freedom gunmen. Local media sources said po- Chile (5) observers. lice were investigating the possibility Five journalists from Televisión Nacio- that Nascimento’s death was connected nal de Chile (TVN) died in an accident Uganda (1) to criticism in his paper accusing the involving a Chilean Air Force plane on Rwandan journalist Charles Ingabire, city of Bananal of failing to invest in its way to the Juan Fernández archipe- 32, was shot on December 1 in Kampala health and sewage treatment centres. lago, approximately 420 miles from while at a local bar. He had left Uganda The paper had reportedly published only Santiago. According to the Knight Cen- in 2007 after what his colleagues said four editions, and Nascimento was also tre for Journalism in the Americas, the was persecution for his criticism of the reportedly active in local politics. host of the morning show “Buenos días government; the Rwandan government Edinaldo Figueira was killed on June a todos”, Felipe Camiroaga; reporter denied responsibility. He was the editor 15 in the city of Serra do Mel by three Roberto Bruce; journalist Sylvia Slier; of online opposition website Inyenyeri. gunmen. Figueira started the local O assistant producer Carolina Gatica; Serrano newspaper in Brazil’s northern and cameraman Rodrigo Cabezón were state of Rio Grande do Norte, wrote a all on their way to the archipelago to THE AMERICAS (36) blog about social issues and was pre- film a report on the reconstruction of the sident of a municipal chapter of the places most devastated by the February Bolivia (1) Workers’ Party (PT). Fellow bloggers 27, 2010, earthquake and tsunami. David Niño de Guzmán, news director reportedly indicated that they suspected of the Agencia de Noticias Fides in La the killing was linked to a survey Figuei- Colombia (1) Paz, was found dead on April 21, 2011, ra had published on his blog questioning Journalist Luis Eduardo Gómez was in La Paz, two days after he disappeared the activities of city officials. gunned down on June 30, 2011, in Ar- after receiving a telephone call. He Valderlei Canuto Leandro, 32, host boletes (Antioquia) while walking home was reportedly killed by an explosive of the show “Sinal Verde” on Radio with his wife. The shooters escaped on device which caused deadly injuries to Frontera, was killed on the night of motorbikes. Gómez – an independent his abdomen. Investigators said they September 1 by unidentified assailants journalist who had recently been writing found dynamite and blasting caps at riding a motorcycle. Canuto, identified about tourism and the environment for Niño de Guzmán’s residence, but his by local media as Wanderley Canuto El Heraldo de Antioquia and Urabá al wife, Sandra Flores, maintained that her Leandro, was reportedly shot eight times Día regional newspapers – was also husband was assassinated. Flores said he as he walked home from a marketplace known because of his investigations did not like weapons and was anxious near his home in the city of Tabatinga in covering corruption in the province and in the days before his death. Bolivian the state of Amazonas. Local media said his intention to clarify circumstances

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surrounding his son’s murder, which an elementary school, had reportedly According to media reports, 26-year-old occurred in August 2009, and was alle- received threats related to his reporting. Nery Jeremias Orellana was riding a gedly committed by paramilitaries. He His family also told local media that he motorcycle to work in the morning when was also a witness in a criminal trial had been the victim of extortion. he was stopped and shot in the head by focused on politicians’ professed links unidentified assailants. He was found on with the United Self-Defence Forces Honduras (6) the road connecting the village of San of Colombia (AUC). Some Colom Honduran TV news host Hector Fran Lorenzo to Candelaria. He died later bian newspapers reported that Gómez’s cisco Medina was shot by gunmen on a in a hospital. Orellana headed Radio murder was part of a plan to eliminate motorcycle in the early morning outside Joconguera de Candelaria in the pro- witnesses in the investigation. Gómez of his home in Morazán, north of the vince of Lempira near the border with was the second witness killed in the capital of Tegucigalpa. Reports said the El Salvador. According to local media case in 72 hours, and the fourth since attackers followed Medina as he left sources, he also worked as a correspon- November 2010. work and shot him three times in the dent with Radio Progreso. AP reported back and once in his arm. He succumbed that the journalist was a supporter of El Salvador (2) to his injuries on May 11. AP said that ousted President Manuel Zelaya and Salvadoran Channel 33 television ca- the journalist had been critical of the was a member of the National Popular meraman Alfredo Hurtado was gunned Honduran national police and of private Resistance Front – the group formed down on a bus on the evening of April security firms contracted by ranchers in after the coup that removed Zelaya from 26 in suburban San Salvador on his way the area, where drug traffickers operate. office in 2009. to work. Authorities said two unknown Medina had also reportedly covered Farmer and journalist Medardo Flores young men boarded the bus, approached alleged corruption in the local mayor’s was killed by at least two gunmen who Hurtado and opened fire, leaving a do- office and regional land disputes. A intercepted his car as he drove to his zen bullets in his head and body. While representative of the country’s College ranch in the northern city of Puerto Cor- the motive for the attack was unclear, of Journalists press group told AP that tés. Flores, who was hit by nine bullets, news reports said authorities ruled out the slaying was related to Medina’s also supported former President Zelaya. robbery. Hurtado, along with other jour- work and that the journalist had received Journalist Luz Marina Paz Villalobos nalists, sometimes accompanied mem- death threats. was killed in Tegucigalpa when two bers of the police to cover night-time Luis Mendoza, owner of TV station men on a motorcycle intercepted her car raids. The journalist’s family told the Channel 24, was shot in his car by four and fired dozens of bullets. Her driver paper that he had recently received death gunmen in the city of Danli. A police and cousin, Delmer Osmar Canales threats from gang members operating in statement said that two female passers- Gutiérrez, also died in the incident. the area where he lived. by were wounded in the attack. Mendo- Paz Villalobos was the director of the Nelson Hernandez, a host at Radio za was also reportedly a coffee grower program “Three in the News”, broadcast SKY, was stabbed to death in the early and owned a real estate company. Police on the Honduras News Channel (CHN). hours of June 8, said the Spanish news at the time said the motive for the killing According to the police, the victims agency EFE. He was reportedly found was unknown. were being followed but the motive of dead in a river. The journalist was said Honduran journalist Adán Benítez, the crime was unclear. Some versions to have been on his way to work at 42, was shot in the head on July 4 after suggested that she had been threatened the broadcaster when he was attacked. two individuals intercepted him and by an extortion gang for refusing to pay The motive behind the death remained stole his belongings. The journalist and protection money. unclear and local media reported that TV producer was killed while walking there was no evidence that Hernandez home in La Ceiba, in the department of Mexico (10) had received any threats. Before joi- Atlántida, in northern Honduras. Bení- José Luis “La Gata” Cerda Melén ning Radio SKY, Hernandez had been tez worked for Radio Makintosh and La dez, 33, host of the program “El Club” a correspondent in the western province Ceiba-based 14 TV and had more than on national TV channel Televisa, and of Sonsonate for several television and 15 years of experience as a journalist Luis Emanuel Ruíz Carrillo, 20, a radio stations in San Salvador. for different news outlets. Although the reporter for daily La Prensa, based in police said the motive of the attack was the state of Coahuila, were shot after Guatemala (1) robbery, the local Committee for Free- being kidnapped in Monterrey in the Local TV presenter Yensi Roberto dom of Expression (C-Libre) explained northern state of Nuevo León. Cerda and Ordoñez Galdámez was killed in the that one week before his assassination, Ruíz were leaving the Televisa studios southern province of Escuintla. He was Benítez had called into the “Diario de la in Monterrey with Cerda’s cousin, Juan found in his car with stab wounds to the Mañana” morning program on Channel Roberto Gómez, when gunmen forced chest and neck. Ordoñez, who worked 45 to denounce a car theft ring, even no- them into a sport utility vehicle. Po as a news reporter at the local televi- ting that he knew some of the criminals, lice found Cerda’s body with his hands sion station Channel 14 and was also the International Freedom of Expression bound and a gunshot wound to his head. said to be employed as a teacher at Exchange (IFEX) reported. The body was located near graffiti that

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said “Stop cooperating with Los Zetas”, known figure, and possible target, in the mercy towards the journalist. Castillo a drug cartel that had been battling with state of Veracruz. López Velasco, 55, was still alive when he was taken to the the rival Gulf Cartel for control of the also wrote a regular column called “Va Adolfo López Mateos medical centre, city. The graffiti was reportedly signed de Nuez” under the pseudonym Milo but he died shortly afterwards. by the Gulf Cartel. Vela, focusing on local government Yolanda Ordaz de la Cruz, who re- The body of journalist Noel López Ol corruption, drug trafficking and crime. ported on the police for daily newspa- guín, who went missing in March, was López Solana was a photographer for per Notiver in the Gulf coast state of found buried in a clandestine grave in Notiver. Veracruz, was found with her throat the city of Chinameca, in the state of Mexican columnist and reporter Ángel slit behind the headquarters of another Veracruz, after a drug gang leader arrest Castillo Corona and his 16-year-old newspaper, Imagen. Authorities said ed by the Mexican army confessed to son were killed in the early hours of Ordaz’s body was found near a sign the killing. News reports indicated that July 3 while driving home. Police in- that read “Friends also betray. Sincerely, López, who worked for the weeklies formed Mexican newspapers that at Carranza”. The journalist was reported- Horizonte and Noticias de Acayucan and around 3:30 am they were intercepted ly investigating the murder of fellow for the daily newspaper La Verdad, was on the Mexico-Santiago-Chalma road, Notiver journalist Miguel Ángel López killed by a blow to the head. allegedly by carjackers. The journal Velasco, and colleagues said she had Prominent Mexican journalist Miguel ist was brutally beaten while his son received anonymous threats. Authori- Ángel López Velasco was shot dead was run over several times. The police ties claimed they would conduct a full along with his wife and 21-year-old suggested robbery as a motive because investigation but denied that the murder son Misael López Solana by gunmen the many journalists slain in Mexico was related to Ordaz’s work, focusing who broke into their home in the city are normally killed with guns, but in on what they said were possible links of Veracruz. A motive for the murders this case no weapons were used. The between Ordaz and organised crime. had not been determined, but López local press dismissed the robbery theory Police found the body of Humberto Velasco’s role as the editor of newspaper because although the son was killed Millán Salazar, the editor of online Notiver had established him as a well- immediately, the attackers showed no newspaper A Discusión and a morning

Forensic workers carry away a body after police say that gunmen on two motorcycles shot and killed journalist Luz Marina Paz Villalobos outside her home in the capital city of Tegucigalpa, Honduras on Dec. 6, 2011. (AP Photo/Fernando Antonio)

IPI Annual Report 2011 93 World Press Freedom Overview

news presenter on Radio Fórmula, in Paraguay (1) journalist had denounced the provincial a farm building outside Culiacán, the Paraguayan radio journalist Merardo mayor of Chincha, Lucio Juárez Ochoa, state capital of Sinaloa, with a gunshot Romero was shot dead at home in front in his program and accused Juárez of wound in the face. Millán had been of his three children on March 3 by wrongdoing in his administration. Ma- kidnapped early the previous morning heavily armed assailants. The killing rina Juárez, the journalist’s widow, told when a group of armed men in two occurred in the Itakyry district of Para- IPYS that her husband, who was also a vehicles intercepted his car. His brother guay, in the eastern department of Alto civil engineering works supervisor and was reportedly with him at the time of Paraná. According to news sources, he who had been a policeman until 1994, the abduction, but was released. was killed because of his reports on had not received any death threats. María Elizabeth Macías Castro, 39, alleged corruption in the municipality. was abducted on September 23 and her The three alleged perpetrators were im- body was found the next day in the city prisoned pending trial, but the suspected THE CARIBBEAN of Nuevo Laredo, in the border state of mastermind, a senior member of the Tamaulipas. She was decapitated and Colorado Party, had not been caught. An Dominican Republic (1) left near a monument to Christopher Co- investigation found that the politician José Agustín Silvestre de los Santos, lumbus in the town square, among some had allegedly threatened Romero and director of the magazine La Voz de la keyboards, cables and a CD player with promised to pay the alleged perpetra- Verdad and host of a Caña TV program a note stating that she was there because tors 8 million guaranis (approx. 1,400 of the same name, was found dead on a of her reports. The journalist was the euros), news reports said. highway outside La Romana with three editor of Primera Hora newspaper, but gunshot wounds to the head, neck and used the pen name “La Nena de Laredo” Peru (3) abdomen. Silvestre had been seized by for her participation in social networks. Radio journalist Julio César Castillo four men outside a La Romana hotel According to local reports, Macías Castro was shot dead in Virú on the northwest about an hour earlier that morning and was also the moderator and administrator coast of Peru when four unidentified men forced into a Jeep, local press reported. of some forums on the site Nuevo Laredo stormed the restaurant where he was eat Just prior to his death, Silvestre had en Vivo. The note left beside her body, ing lunch with friends and shot him six reportedly prepared a publication nam signed with the Z that identifies the Los times at close range before fleeing. Host ing political leaders, businessmen and Zetas drug cartel, stated: “Nuevo Laredo of the programme “Noticiero Ollantay”, government officials allegedly linked en Vivo and social networking sites, I’m Castillo had received death threats since to international drug trafficking. Au- the Laredo Girl, and I’m here because March, following his reports on alleged thorities later announced the arrests of my reports and yours. For those who corruption involving local officials. In- of six men they said were involved in don’t want to believe [it], this happened vestigators reportedly said that Castillo’s the attack. The attack was allegedly to me because of my actions.” mobile phone held a message threatening ordered by Joaquín Espinal Almeyda, Pablo Ruelas Barraza, 38, was found other journalists with death. also known as Matías Avelino Castro, a dead in Huatabampo, a small town in Pedro Flores Silva was shot dead by a hotel owner and reputed drug trafficker. northern Sonora state. The local press hooded individual as he returned home Authorities said the attack had been reported that he was shot dead after from work in Nuevo Chimbote, in the ordered in retaliation for an article in he tried to resist being kidnapped by Ancash region of northern Peru, on Silvestre’s magazine implicating Ave- two individuals. His articles had been September 6. Flores worked for the lino in a recent murder. published in El Diario del Yanqui and television program Visión Agraria, El Regional de Sonora. According to broadcast by Channel 6 in the region regional media, he had received death of Ancash. His wife told the local press EUROPE threats both from criminal groups and that he had received death threats in the from local authorities. months leading up to his killing, since Azerbaijan (1) he began criticising the district mayor Journalist and writer Rafiq Tagı died Panama (1) of Comandante Noel. four days after he was stabbed seven Darío Fernández Jaén, a politician and José Oquendo Reyes, the director and times outside his Baku home on Nov former local governor of the province presenter of BTV Channel 45 program ember 19, 2011. He was transported of Coclé del Norte and owner of the “Sin Fronteras”, was shot five times by to a hospital and had been recovering radio station Mi Favorita, for which he an unidentified individual on a motor- from what had been an apparently suc- hosted a political commentary program, bike. The incident happened in Pueblo cessful surgery, when hospital officials was shot dead in the city of Penonomé. Nuevo, in the province of Chincha. announced his death. No suspects were Authorities were reportedly investiga- Oquendo’s son drove him to a local named in the attack, but Tagı speculated ting whether his death was related to hospital, but the journalist died before to the media while in the hospital that his criticism of alleged irregularities in receiving any treatment. Oquendo’s he had been targeted for an opinion the process for allocating land titles in colleagues told the Lima-based Press piece critical of the Iranian government the province. and Society Institute (IPYS) that the that he had written earlier that month.

94 IPI Annual Report 2011 World Press Freedom Overview

Russia (3) wing of the clandestine Turkey Com- ceremony. Saber had been in and out Yakhya Magomedov of the Russian munist Party/Marxist-Leninist, and of Evin prison since 2000 as a result of Islamic newspaper As Salam was killed had faced a prison sentence of up to his work. Doctors reportedly said that on May 8 in the North Caucasus republic 15 years. Saber could have survived if he had of Dagestan. He was shot four times The bodies of Cem Emir and Seba been given immediate medical attention; near the northern city of Khasavyurt. hattin Yılmaz, both of Turkey’s Dogan instead, Saber complained of chest pains Anatoly Bitkov, the chief editor of the News Agency (DHA), were discovered for several hours before he was taken to Kolyma Plus regional television com in the rubble of the Bayram Hotel, which the hospital. pany, was found dead in his apartment collapsed after a 5.6 magnitude earth- On January 16, Cyril “Roy” Benford, on May 22 in the city of Magadan with quake struck the city of Van. Emir and a BBC sound recordist and cameraman multiple stab wounds to his head and Yılmaz were covering the aftermath of for 38 years, died, 27 years after he body. Investigators said the wounds like- a 7.2 magnitude earthquake that rocked inhaled mustard gas while covering the ly caused his death, and that a criminal Van on October 23 and left more than Iran-Iraq war near the border in Iran. A case had been opened. They expressed 600 dead. After following up on de coroner’s inquest determined that the doubt that the murder was connected to velopments in the government’s rescue 78-year-old had died from respiratory Bitkov’s work, but said that all possible efforts during the day on November 9, failure from scarring of the lungs attri- motives would be checked. the two returned to the hotel and were buted to his exposure to the gas. Benford Journalist and human rights activist filing reports when it collapsed. reportedly wrote that he was exposed Hadzhimurad Kamalov was gun- when an Iranian guard opened a shell ned down on the day on which jour- MIDDLE EAST while standing near him as he recorded. nalists across the country pay tribute He also wrote that he later travelled for to colleagues who have perished due Bahrain (2) two to three hours on an aeroplane next to their work. Kamalov – the founder On April 12, 2011, it was revealed that to an Iranian guard who was holding a of Chernovik, an independent local the founder of leading independent news jar containing mustard gas sealed only newspaper in the North Caucasus region paper Al Wasat, Karim Fakhrawi, had with cotton wool. of Dagestan known for reporting on died in government custody. Fakhra- government corruption, and the exe wi had been detained on April 5. The Iraq (9) cutive director of freedom of expression authorities said that he had died of kidney Iraqi journalist Mohamed al-Hamdani, organisation Svoboda Slova – was shot failure, but his family and other observers reporting for the satellite television sta- 14 times as he left the newspaper’s believe he was tortured to death. tion Al Ittijah, was among those killed office late at night. Investigators re Online journalist Zakariya Rashid on February 24 in a blast that targeted portedly linked the murder to his work. Hassan al-Ashiri died while in the a celebration in the city of Ramadi, the custody of authorities, according to the Aswat Al Iraq news agency reported. Turkey (3) Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Unidentified gunmen shot and killed Suzan Zengin, a human rights activist, which noted that al-Ashiri was taken in- journalist Hilal Al-Ahmadi as he was journalist and translator who spent two to custody on April 2 in connection with leaving his home, according to news years in pre-trial detention for alleged articles he had published on a local news reports. Two men opened fire with a ties to an illegal organisation, reportedly website, Al Dair. Al-Ashiri was accused submachine gun, hitting al-Ahmadi died as a result of the government’s of disseminating false information. The several times before escaping in a car. alleged failure to provide adequate authorities claimed that he had died of Al-Ahmadi died instantly. The 50-year- medical care during her incarceration. sickle cell anaemia, but his body was old journalist and father of four had The newspaper Hürriyet, which did not found with wounds indicating that he worked for two local weeklies in the disclose Zengin’s ailment, said she re- had been tortured. northern town of Mosul: the Mosul Echo ceived proper care following her release and Iraqiyoun. Ahmadi had reportedly on June 14 but died while undergoing Iran (2) been dismissed from his position as head surgery because her ailment was too The 54-year-old Iranian journalist Reza of the Ninawa provincial government’s advanced. Zengin was reportedly taken Hoda Saber, described by PBS as a media department two weeks before into custody in August 2009 while wor- “[n]ationalist-religious journalist, trans- he was killed. A freelance journalist king at the Worker Farmer Journal and lator, and political activist”, died of a for over 30 years, al-Ahmadi covered in the Umut Publishing House’s office heart attack on June 10 while in prison, financial and administrative corruption. in Istanbul. Authorities reportedly did news reports said. The journalist had Freelance journalist Sabah al-Bazee, not advise her of the charges she faced been on a hunger strike since June 2 to 30, was killed in an attack on a govern- when taking her into custody, and she protest against the circumstances that ment building in Tikrit, along with more was not indicted until the following had led to the death of activist Haleh than 50 people who were in the building year. She was charged as an alleged Sahabi; Sahabi had been temporarily when it was raided by armed gunmen on member of the Turkish Workers’ and released from jail in May 2011 to attend March 29, Reuters and other news agen- Peasants’ Liberation Army, the armed her father’s funeral, but died during the cies reported. Al-Bazee, who worked for

IPI Annual Report 2011 95 World Press Freedom Overview

Reuters and Al Arabiya, was mortally wounded by shrapnel in an explosion at the provincial council building while attempting to report on the attack. He was married with three children. Al- Bazee was one of two journalists killed in the attack. The other was Muammar al-Khadir Abdul Wahid, who worked for Eye Media News. Taha Hameed, the head of Al Mas- sar TV, was driving with Iraqi human rights activist Abed Farhan Thiyab in south Baghdad when they were “shot dead by gunmen who attacked their car with small arms fire”, CNN reported on April 8. IranNTV.com journalists Asieh Rakh shani and Saba Haftbaradaran were also killed on April 8, Reporters Without Borders reported. They were with other Doctors treat Associated Press cameraman Umar Meraj after he was assaulted by police and paramilitary forces during a Iranian exiles in Camp Ashraf when protest in Srinagar, India, Nov. 25, 2011. the camp was raided by Iraqi soldiers (AP Photo/Dar Yasin) and fighting broke out, killing the two women. Rakhshani, who grew up in the United States, was filming the clash Strip, released a number of political wound he had received while covering between camp residents and the soldiers prisoners, reports said. But before the protests in Sanaa eight days earlier. when she was killed, according to Mer- Friday evening deadline had passed, the Abdel Hakim al-Nour, who worked curyNews.com. Hamas-run Interior Ministry in Gaza for the Mas production company as a Alwan al-Ghorabi, a cameraman with announced that the activist’s body had cameraman and producer, and who the Afaq satellite station, was killed in a been found, according to reports. New York Times said was a freelance car bomb blast on June 21 in the city of photographer, was reportedly killed Diwaniyya, CPJ reported. He was near Syria (1) during the bombing of Taiz city on the entrance of a government building Syrian cameraman Ferzat Jarban was October 4. when the blast went off. found with his eyes gouged out on Nov Al Yemen TV cameraman Abd al-Gha Radio host Hadi al-Mahdi, a journalist ember 20, CPJ reported. Witnesses re- ni al-Bureihi was killed on October 16 and activist who was critical of corrupti- portedly said he had been detained the while covering a massive anti-Saleh on and inefficiency in the Iraqi govern- day before while filming demonstrations protest in Sanaa, according to Reporters ment, was killed in his Baghdad home in Al Qasir in Homs province. Without Borders. He was one of many on September 8. He had reportedly killed when troops loyal to President hosted a radio show called “To Whoever Yemen (6) Ali Abdullah Saleh fired into the de- Listens” on Radio Dimozi. Jamal Ahmed al-Sharabi was shot monstration. on March 18 while covering the vio- Palestinian Territories (1) lent crackdown on Change Square in Hamas officials said they found the Yemen’s capital, Sanaa, for the inde- ASIA body of Italian journalist and activist pendent Al Masdar newspaper. Vittorio Arrigoni on April 15. Arri- Mohamed Yahia al-Malayia was killed Afghanistan (2) goni, 36, was affiliated with the Inter- the same day while covering demon BBC World Service and Pajhwok Af- national Solidarity Movement (ISM), strations in Sanaa, according to Al Ja- ghan News reporter Ahmad Omed a pro-Palestinian rights group, and zeera. He was a reporter for Al Salam Khpalwak, 25, was killed in a bomb reported on Palestinian issues for the newspaper. blast in Afghanistan on July 28, 2011. left-wing Italian newspaper Il Manifesto Hassan al-Wadhaf, a journalist with He was among 19 reportedly killed in and Peacereporter and also wrote a the Arabic Media Agency, died on Sep- the coordinated attack, reports said. The blog. The journalist was kidnapped on tember 24, five days after he was hit by Taliban claimed responsibility for the April 14 by a militant Islamist group sniper fire while covering protests in assault on the offices of the Uruzgan which released a YouTube video say- the capital. province deputy governor and on the ing that it would kill Arrigoni unless Television journalist Abdel Majid al- base of a militia that helps protect NATO Hamas, which controlled the Gaza Samawi died on October 3 from a sniper convoys, reports said.

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Farhad Taqaddosi, a cameraman for scene of the crime, according to reports. be likely that his writing had offended Iranian English-language news network It was believed that the reporter had powerful criminal forces. Dey was said Press TV, died in Afghanistan nearly been investigating the sale of illegally to have published several articles re- a week after he was injured when a recycled “gutter” oil. garding the oil mafia and to have been rocket hit the network’s Kabul office looking further into its activities at the as gunmen attacked buildings near the India (2) time of his death. He had been covering U.S. embassy and NATO headquarters. Two masked gunmen shot and killed Mumbai’s underworld for over two Taqaddosi was working in the network’s Umesh Rajput, a reporter with Hindi decades. office on September 13, when the build daily Nai Duniya, outside his home ing came under attack. near Raipur, in Chhattisgarh on January Pakistan (6) 23. Although rushed to a nearby hospi- Wali Khan Babar, 28, a reporter for Burma (1) tal, he was declared dead upon arrival. Geo News television, was gunned down Sornwichai Khatannukul, a camera The two assailants fled the scene on a in Pakistan’s southern city of Kara- man with the Thai TV Channel 5 army motorcycle. A note written in red ink chi on January 13. He was shot five station, was among nine people on board was found near the crime scene stating: times by a group of unidentified people an army Black Hawk helicopter that cra- “If you don’t stop publishing news, you while driving home in his car, near the shed in Burma on July 19, in an opera will die.” Police were interrogating a fe- neighborhood of Super Market’s shop- tion to retrieve the bodies of five soldiers male health worker who had apparently ping centre in Liaqatabad. He received killed in a helicopter crash on July 16. threatened to kill Rajput two weeks be- bullets in his forehead, face and neck. Sornwichai had been on board to file a fore his death. He had recently published After the shooting, the killers escaped report on the body retrieval operation. an article about a man developing an eye using a motorbike. Geo News branded infection after an operation. the murder a “targeted-killing attack”, China (1) Jyotirmoy Dey, investigations editor at noting that Babar had been reporting on Journalist Li Xiang, 30, of the Luoyang Mumbai tabloid Mid-Day, was killed on police search operations related to gang Television Station in Henan province, the spot after being shot at several times clashes in eastern Karachi. was found stabbed to death on Septem- by four men in a carefully planned ope- Nasurullah Afridi, a correspondent for ber 19, online news reports said. Li had ration in broad daylight on June 11. The the state-run Pakistan Television Corpo- been stabbed more than 10 times, and exact reason behind his death remained ration (PTV), the English-language daily his computer bag was missing from the unclear; however, it was reported to Statesman and the Urdu-language daily Mashriq, was killed when an explosive device ripped through his vehicle on the night of May 10 in Peshawar, the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, on the border with Afghanistan. Afridi had moved to Peshawar along with his family a few years prior after receiving threats by a leader of Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI), a militant organisation. On May 26, 2007, unidentified persons had lobbed two hand grenades at Afridi’s house, damaging the boundary wall and veranda. No one was injured in that incident. Tribal Union of Journalists President Safdar Hayat told the Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF) that militant organisations did not like Afridi because of his investigative reporting on militants in Pakistan’s tribal region. Khyber Union of Journalists President Arshad Aziz Malik told PPF that Afridi had been constantly threatened by mili tant organisations, including LeI and Ansarul Islam. The body of Syed Saleem Shahzad, who disappeared on May 29, was dis- Pakistani tribal journalists carry placards reading in Urdu, “Protect tribal journalists – Recover Rahmatullah Darpakhel, journalist from North-Waziristan” during a protest near the Afghan border, in Bajaur tribal region, Pakistan, on Aug. 13, covered floating in a canal in Pakistan’s 2011. (EPA/Hanifullah Khan) northern Gujarat district, according to

IPI Annual Report 2011 97 World Press Freedom Overview

media reports. Shahzad was the Pakistan pital of the island of Palawan, on Janua- police had yet to review the content of bureau chief for the Hong Kong-based ry 24. One of the two hitmen allegedly such threatening messages as well as online service Asia Times Online and paid to kill the journalist was captured of Olea’s broadcasts to confirm that the a correspondent for the Italian news by police while trying to escape. He journalist was killed in connection with agency Adnkronos International (AKI). reportedly told police that he and his his work, AFP reported. However, Deo- Shahzad was abducted several days after accomplice, who remained at large, had na stated, “There is a very big possibility he wrote a two-part article about alleged been promised 150,000 pesos (approx. that this is work-related.” links between the Pakistani military and 2,500 euros) to kill the journalist. “The Philippines radio commentator Datu Al Qaeda. two men who paid them said their boss Roy Quijada Gallego was killed on Asfandyar Abid Naveed, a journalist wanted to silence Ortega,” local police October 16 by an unknown hitman on with Akhbar e Khyber, was killed on chief Superintendent Roland Amurao a motorcycle as he was riding his own June 11 in blasts at a market in the ca- told AFP. In his radio programme, Or- motorcycle on the national highway in pital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region tega had strongly opposed large-scale the Surigao del Sur province in Mind- of Pakistan. Two smaller blasts, one at illegal mining activities, which had anao. Gallego was reportedly declared a restaurant near the market and the caused environmental damage in the dead upon arrival at the Lianga District other in a building adjacent to it, drew region. The National Union of Journa- Hospital. Police said that Gallego’s people to the site, including journalists lists of the Philippines said Ortega was murder may have been linked to his who were there to cover the event. A also a “staunch critic” of a powerful vocal opposition to mining practices second, more powerful blast then rocked local politician. The mayor of Puerto in Mindanao, especially in the Caraga Mario, 30 the market, killing at least 40 people and Princesa, Edward Hagedorn, told the region. He often criticised such practices wounding over 100. media that Ortega had clearly been during his radio commentary and public engineer Shafiullah Kahn, a trainee journalist killed because of his anti-corruption affairs programs on Butuan City’s AM with The News in Peshawar, died on and pro-environment crusade. Follow radio station DXJM and FM station June 17 due to extensive burns suffered ing Ortega’s murder, Senator Loren DXSF in San Francisco, Agusan del Sur. while reporting on the aforementioned Legarda, a former broadcast journalist, June 11 series of blasts. called for the immediate passage of Thailand (1) Javed Naseer Rind, a sub-editor and Senate Bill 1426, which imposes stiffer Phamon Phonphanit, 61, a reporter respected columnist at the Daily Tawar, penalties for the murder of journalists. with the local newspaper Sue Samut a local Urdu-language paper, was ab- Maria Len Flores-Somera, an an- Atyakam in Thailand’s insurgency- ducted on September 10 by unidenti chor of the daily morning programme plagued southern Narathiwat province, fied men from the industrial town of “Arangkada Kinse Trenta” on the radio died on September 24 at Yala Central Hub Chowki, outside Karachi. His station dzME, was shot by unidentified Hospital from severe burns he suffered bullet-ridden body was found on Nov men while on her way to the station while covering a series of bomb blasts ember 2 near Khuzdar, in the federal on the morning of March 24. Police on September 16 in the town of Sungai province of Balochistan. Local media spokesman Agrimero Cruz told repor- Kolok. At least four people were killed said that relatives of Rind had alleged ters: “The killing could also be work- and at least 110 others were wound- that Pakistani intelligence agents were related.” The lone gunman escaped on ed in the explosions. More than 4,800 complicit in his killing. It had been foot, threatening to shoot people if they people had been killed in Thailand’s reported that Rind was a member of tried to stop him, Cruz said, quoting southernmost provinces since Muslim the pro-independence Baloch National witnesses. Callers to Somera’s show insurgents started launching attacks in Movement (BNM). Baloch nationalists would complain about public services, January 2004. have intermittently waged a violent and she would then help put them in separatist campaign against the govern- touch with officials. She herself often ment in Islamabad since the creation of criticised officials for alleged negligence AUSTRALASIA the Pakistani state in 1947. Attacks and or incompetence. threats against the Daily Tawar, which Romeo Olea, who hosted a morning Australia (2) is viewed as aligned with the Baloch programme at the local private radio sta- Reporter Paul Lockyer and camera- nationalist movement, had been on the tion dwEB-FM in Nabua, was shot twice man John Bean, both of whom worked rise in 2011. in the back while riding his motorcycle for the Australian national broadcaster to work in the neighbouring town of Iri- ABC, were killed in a helicopter crash Philippines (4) ga on the morning of June 11. Witnesses on August 18, while working on a story Gerardo “Gerry” Ortega, a prominent rushed Olea to a nearby medical centre, in the outback.  Mario is spoilt for choice: off to the opera, theatre, environmental advocate and the host where he was pronounced dead. Olea’s Vienna. a concert — or a ball tonight, after all? Vienna offers of a radio programme on Radyo Mo wife told the police that her husband Nationwide’s Palawan station, dwAR, had received threats before, according a wide array of art and culture events for all tastes and was shot in the head while shopping in a to local police director Senior Superin- clothing store in Puerto Princesa, the ca- tendent Victor Deona. Deona noted that A City interests. All you have to do is choose. More information at

98 IPI Annual Report 2011 for Life. www.veranstaltungen.wien.gv.at

Ballprogramm_Moskau_210 x 297abf.indd 1 04.05.12 13:17 Mario, 30 engineer

Mario is spoilt for choice: off to the opera, theatre, Vienna. a concert — or a ball tonight, after all? Vienna offers a wide array of art and culture events for all tastes and A City interests. All you have to do is choose. More information at for Life. www.veranstaltungen.wien.gv.at

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