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THREATS TO FREE MEDIA IN THE OSCE REGION HEARING BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JUNE 9, 2010 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe [CSCE 111–2–7] ( Available via http://www.csce.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 76–044 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:57 Dec 04, 2012 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\WORK\060910 KATIE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS HOUSE SENATE ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida, BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland, Co-Chairman Chairman EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut LOUISE McINTOSH SLAUGHTER, SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island New York TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE McINTYRE, North Carolina JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire G.K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama RICHARD BURR, North Carolina JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania ROBERT F. WICKER, Mississippi DARRELL E. ISSA, California EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Michael H. Posner, Department of State Alexander Vershbow, Department of Defense Michael C. Camun˜ ez, Department of Commerce (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:57 Dec 04, 2012 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 U:\WORK\060910 KATIE THREATS TO FREE MEDIA IN THE OSCE REGION JUNE 9, 2010 COMMISSIONERS Page Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin, Chairman, Commission on Secu- rity and Cooperation in Europe .............................................. 1 Hon. Alcee L. Hastings, Co-Chairman, Commission on Secu- rity and Cooperation in Europe .............................................. 2 Hon. Michael H. Posner, Assistant Secretary, Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State .......... 3 Hon. Christopher H. Smith, Ranking Member, Commission on Securityh and Cooperation in Europe .............................. 14 WITNESSES Dunja Mijatovic, Representative on Freedom of the Media, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ......... 3 Sam Patten, Senior Program Manager for Eurasia, Freedom House ........................................................................................ 18 Muzaffar Suleymanov, Research Associate, Committee to Protect Journalists .................................................................. 22 APPENDICES Prepared statement of Hon. Alcee L. Hastings ........................ 34 Prepared statement of Hon. Christopher H. Smith ................. 35 Prepared statement of Dunja Mijatovic .................................... 37 Prepared statement of Sam Patten ........................................... 46 Prepared statement of Muzaffar Syleymanov .......................... 55 Material submitted for the record by Reporters Without Bor- ders ........................................................................................... 60 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:57 Dec 04, 2012 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0484 U:\WORK\060910 KATIE VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:57 Dec 04, 2012 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0484 U:\WORK\060910 KATIE THREATS TO FREE MEDIA IN THE OSCE REGION June 9, 2010 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE WASHINGTON, DC The hearing was held at 9 a.m. in room 210/212, Capitol Visitor Center, Washington, DC, Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin, Chairman, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, presiding. Commissioners present: Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin, Chairman, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe; Hon. Alcee L. Hastings, Co-Chairman, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe; Hon. Michael H. Posner, Assistant Secretary, Democ- racy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State; and Hon. Christopher H. Smith, Ranking Member, Commission on Se- curity and Cooperation in Europe. Witnesses present: Dunja Mijatovic, Representative on Freedom of the Media, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; Sam Patten, Senior Program Manager for Eurasia, Freedom House; and Muzaffar Suleymanov, Research Associate, Committee to Pro- tect Journalists. HON. BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, CHAIRMAN, COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE Mr. CARDIN. The Helsinki Commission will come to order. I’m joined, of course, by our Co-Chair, Congressman Hastings, and oth- ers on the Commission will be joining us. But today, the Helsinki Commission focuses on the threat to free media in the OSCE re- gion. Media freedom is inextricably linked to the right to freedom of expression and the free flow of information, fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Helsinki Final Act. This year, we celebrate the 35th anniversary of that historic document. This month marks the 20th anniversary of the Copenhagen Document, which includes provisions addressing a wide range of human rights, including free- dom of expression. Seemingly on a daily basis we receive reports documenting har- assment of independent media and journalists by the authorities in some participating States. From burdensome registration require- ments and visits by the tax police to the confiscation of entire print runs and imposition of crippling fines, from criminal charges for defamation of individuals, institutions or the state, free media faces myriad threats and challenges today. (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:57 Dec 04, 2012 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 U:\WORK\060910 KATIE 2 In an alarming number of instances, journalists are targeted for physical attacks and murder. A year ago this month, I chaired a Commission hearing and heard from the widow of Forbes magazine writer and investigative journalist Paul Klebnikov, gunned down in a contract-style killing outside of a Moscow office nearly 7 years ago. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, of the 52 journalists killed in Russia since 1992, more than a third were principally focused on corruption or human rights. Russia was in- cluded in CPJ’s 2010 Impunity Index of ‘‘countries where journal- ists are slain, where killers go free.’’ While Russia is distinct for the scope of anti-press violence, it is by no means alone in the OSCE region. Over the past year journal- ists have been slain in Turkey, Kazakhstan and Bulgaria. While these investigative journalists paid the ultimate price for their pro- fessional endeavors, scores of their colleagues throughout the OSCE region have been targeted for harassment, violent attacks, or imprisonment. The Commission is circulating a resolution on investigative jour- nalists that we plan to raise at the upcoming OSCE Parliamentary Assembly annual meeting in Oslo, devoted this year to the theme, ‘‘Rule of Law: Combating Transnational Crime and Corruption.’’ The Commission is likewise concerned over moves by some OSCE countries to curtail or control the operations of independent media through the adoption of restrictive laws, including those targeting use of the Internet. For example, in Belarus, a country I visited a year ago, a re- cently adopted measure on the Internet gives cause for concern given the already tightly controlled media environment there. We are also carefully monitoring recent developments in Ukraine, where there have been growing protests by journalists in reaction to stepped up pressures on the independent media. Free media play an essential function in a truly democratic soci- ety. Not surprisingly, authoritarians and other anti-democratic forces, often target them for particularly harsh reprisals. Our re- sponsibility is to speak out when journalists come under fire, or when governments attempt to clamp down on the right to freedom of expression. Today’s hearing is part of the Helsinki Commission’s ongoing efforts to draw attention to the plight of investigative jour- nalists and others who place themselves at risk for their work that helps strengthen democracy and human rights. At a Commission briefing late last year, ‘‘Violence and Impunity: Life in the Russian Newsroom,’’ the editor of one of the country’s independent newspapers, a professional who had buried a handful of colleagues killed, because of their reporting, concluded his testi- mony with an impassioned request: that these and similar cases be raised at every opportunity. And that sums up why we’re here today—to continue our focus on protecting journalists and the free media. With that, I turn to my Co-Chair, Congressman Hastings. HON. ALCEE L. HASTINGS, CO-CHAIRMAN, COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE Mr. HASTINGS. Thank you, very much, Mr. Chairman. I note Sec- retary Posner comes in as we proceed. Mr. Chairman, I have a VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:57 Dec 04, 2012 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 U:\WORK\060910 KATIE 3 rather lengthy statement, and I would ask unanimous consent that the full statement be made a part of the record. Mr. CARDIN. Without objection. Mr. HASTINGS. And because of the gravity of this issue and the substantial witnesses that we have, I would ask now if Ms. Mijatovic’s prepared testimony that she’s offering to us will be sub- mitted. And I know the work of Mr. Patten and have read of Mr. Suleymanov. I think we would be better advised if I were to forego any opening statement and allow for questions, and that way, we’ll have more opportunity to hear from all of our witnesses we’re ex- pecting [inaudible].
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