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Biology and Potential Use of Pacific Grenadier, Coryphaenoides Acrolepis, Off California

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Biology and Potential Use of Pacific Grenadier, Coryphaenoides Acrolepis, Off California Biology and Potential Use of Pacific Grenadier, Coryphaenoides acrolepis, off California TETSUO MATSUI, SUSUMU KAT0 and SUSAN E. SMITH Introduction over65,OOOmetric tons(t)ofonespecies, grenadier, C. amtus;and giant grena- the roundnose grenadier, Coryphaenoi- dier, Albatrossiapectoralis. The Pacific Grenadiers (also knownas rattails) be- desrupestris, werecaught in 1975 (FAO, grenadier (Fig. 1) appears to have the long to the family Macrouridae, and are 1979). Although the catch of this species best potential, as the quality of its flesh is related tothecodfishes (family Gadidae). has declined substantially, other species good and it is abundant off California. They areamong themost abundant fishes are starting to be utilized, and the total The largest specimen of C. acrolepis we in continental slope and abyssal waters grenadier catch in 1986 was around have measured was over 95 cm (37 worldwide. The majority of macrourid 60,OOOt, 54percentofwhichwasround- inches) in total length. It weighed 4 kg species appear to spend a good part of the nose grenadier (FAO, 1988). Commer- (8.8 pounds) and was taken at lat. time swimming near the Ocean bottom, cial landings in the northeast Pacific have 29"31.3'N, long. 117" 12.0'W at a depth feeding on benthic and midwater organ- been minimal, even though macrourids of 1,050 fm (1,920 m). This may have isms (Marshall and Merrett, 1977). are the most abundant fishes found in been an unusually large individual, as the About 300 species are known, of which trawl catches in deep waters off Oregon prior known record length for the species 11 inhabit the deep waters off Califor- and Washington (Alton, 1972; Pearcy is smaller at 87 cm or 34 inches (Rass, nia'. and Ambler, 1974). 1963, in Iwamoto and Stein, 1974). Pa- Although abundant, grenadiers are not Off California, at least three species of cific grenadier is a smaller species than utilized to agreat extent. The remoteness grenadier appear to be of sufficient size the other two grenadiers. Its skin is dark of their habitat and the small size, soft and abundance to warrant marketing con- andcovered withadherent, rough scales. flesh, and low meat yield ofmany species sideration. These are the Pacific grena- The long tapering tail, characteristic of havediscouragedtheir commercial use. dier, Coryphaenoides acrolepis;abyssal all grenadiers, contributes to a low per- A few species with good flesh character- centage yield of flesh compared with isticsarepresently soldas food fish, while other fishes. othersareusedasfishmealandfertilizer. T. Matsuiis WiththeMarineLifeResearchGroup, Thegiant grenadier (Fig. 2) isthelarg- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, A-027, La In the northeast and northwest Atlantic Jolla, CA 92093. S. Kat0 is with the Tiburon est of all of the grenadiers, reaching a Laboratory, Southwest Region, National Marine length of around 150 cm (5 feet) (Iwa- ~ Fisheries Service, NOAA. 3150 Paradise Drive, moto and Stein, 1974). Despitethe large 'Tomio Iwamoto, California Academy of Sciences, Tiburon, CA94920. S. E. Smithis with NOAA's GoldenGatePark, SanFrancisco. CAN118. Per- NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 size and relatively high availability, its sonal commun. La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla CA 92038. commercial potential is limited because ABSTR4CT-Grenadiers (familyMacrou- longlinegear (1 I 7sets). The latter was a hook but spent females were found during the en- ridae) are the most abundant fish on most andlinesystem in which thegear wasdropped tire year with highest numbers in the spring continentalslope areas worldwide. OffCaU- to the seafloor wetheredtothefishing vessel, andearlyswnmer. Onlyone larva wasfound fornia the Pacificgrenadier,Coryphaenoides andfloatedtothesurjace, withthecatch. when despite extensivesampling with planluonnets. acrolepis, occurs in relatively large numbers detachable weights were automatically re- Pacific grenadier was found to have good andmay have marketingpotential. This repon leased. Sablefish dominotedlonglinecatches edible qualities by a taste-test panel, al- provides information on the biology of the indepthsof 2W6oofm (334-1.098m), while though the protein content (15 percent) and species and catch results from a number of Pacificgrenadier was most abundnnt between flesh yield (24 percent) were significantly scientific cruises. Catch data on severalother 600and1,000fm (I ,G98-1,830m).Besttrawl lower than those of other fishes. A second species found together wirh Pacific grenadier, catches of Pacific grenadier were made at species, the giant grenadier, Albatrossia particularlysablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, depths between 615 and 675fm (1,125 and pectoralis, was found to have exceptionally are also given. The fish were caught with a 1.235 m) and at 760fm (I ,391 m). poor eating qualities and even lowerprotein bottom trawl (I5trawls). and withfree-vehicle Ripefemales wereabsentfromoursamples, content. 52(3),195'0 I Figure 1. -Pacific grenadier, Coryphonoides acrolepis. Figure 2.--Giant grenadier, Albatrossiapectoralis. Figure 3.-Abyssal grenadier, Coryphaenoides armatus. 2 Marine Fisheries Review Tnble 1.--Slalon d.1. (li.1.dby depth) lor Ir~vehlcIeIongllm ilshlng conducled by SI0 Irm1965 lo 1979. Cruise and La1 Long Depth Time Hours Cruiseand Lat Long Depth Time station Dale (N) (W) (fm) started fished Slallon Dale (N) W) (fm) Started MV71-1-49 5130171 32022.5 118-28.1 153 2316 11 23 M7-1 32025.2 117Q28.9 680 2337 8.97 MF71-2 7/22/71 32YM.2 117'57.3 240 0919 3 37 M9-1 32'24 8: 117°290' 680 2258 13.43 MV71-1-46 5130171 32006.6 118'15.6 293 h)46 10 98 M9-2 32'25.1 117°29.1' 680 2340 12.75 MV71-1-50 5130171 32022 2 118'26.4 304 2334 10 65 M10.2 2/07/72 32925.8' 117°26.0 680 2348 12.27 MV71-1-57 5/31/71 32-34 7 118DW.4 310 2042 9 68 M104 2/09/72 32V6.4 117'33.5' 680 0005 14.50 MV71-1-40 5/28/71 30O16.S 116O09 7 320 2132 9 63 Mll-3 4/08/72 32024.8' 117O28 6 680 2345 7.00 MV71-2 7/22/31 32038.2 117'57.3 330 0928 3 28 Ml2-1 9127n2 32024.9 117°29.0 680 0019 9.17 MV65-Ill-18 9/24/65 32O44.0 118vu.8' 337 21 30 10 28 M131 2/28/73 32025.5 117V8.9 680 2325 9.00 MV71-1-52 5/13/71 32022.4' 118021 3 346 0012 11 63 MV67-IA-3 4120167 31O29.0 118-01.0 690 2025 12.58 M63 8/12/71 32O50.0 11791 4 400 2254 868 sc75 - 32034.9 117O26.7 700 1343 3.53 MV67-11-26 6/16/67 38000.0 123"31.0 400 1915 18 92 MV71-1-47 5/30/71 32=m.8' 118'17.0 702 2102 11.13 sc2-74 11/23/74 32036.8' 117028.5' 420 1044 440 MV71-1-11 ~/zoni 28952.7 118012.2 710 1937 11.88 MV65-ll-33 9/26/65 32'40.0 118'37.S 426 2144 10 02 s2-1.1 5/06/75 32V8.2 1180485' 71 0 0725 5.92 M1-2 2/02/71 32950.0 117O31.2 445 2m 9 93 MV65111-37 9122165 32'42.6 118'46.0 712 0013 10.10 M5-3 m6ni 32O50.0 117'31.0 445 0950 3 75 MV71-1-10 5/2oni 28O55.0' 118'1 1.4 715 2008 10.63 M33 5113171 32050.0 117°31.0' 445 0735 458 M2A1 4/13/71 31°51 0 117'1 1.7 730 2153 10.32 MV71-I-24 5/25/71 28021 8' 115O443 453 2114 11 27 M2AZ 4/13/71 31O51.0 117V 1.7 730 2110 11.95 MV67-IA-22 4/26/67 28009.0 118O16.2 455 0218 15 70 71RI-2 1/19/71 32045.2 119026 s 735 2110 11.58 MV71-1-16 5/23/71 29027.s 117°19.2 490 2204 12 65 MV65-111-19 9/24/65 32O42.0' 118O16.0 738 231 7 9.30 M10.5 2/09/72 32034.7 117'26.0 530 2140 10 33 MV65-Ill-26 9/25/65 32-47.6' 118O47.0 748 1936 13.07 MV67-IA-28 4/27/67 29'26.5' 117O15 6' 536 1953 11 88 MV71-1-3 5/16/71 28O52.2 118~12.0 750 2108 10.04 MV65-111-24 9/25/65 32044.5' 118043 5' 537 1830 1300 MV71-1-59 5/31/71 3291.8' 117'58.7 755 2124 10.43 52-2 5/08/75 32050 4 117047.9 550 1635 4 18 MV67-11-16 6/12/67 36042.8 122*03.S 790 1947 16.43 M10.6 2/W/72 32O34.S 117°25.4 550 2156 9 15 MV65-111-3 9/21/85 30052.0 118O07.6 790 1746 17.40 MV65-111-34 9/26/65 32O41.3 118'39.0 555 2221 990 MV65-111-38 9/27/65 32O43.0' 118048s 798 0050 9.83 M9-3 12/21/71 32'26.0 117'33.7 555 1935 13 58 MV67-11-28 - 37O59.0' 123°34.0 ew 2007 18.75 MV71-1-58 5/31/71 32'32 8 117'59,s 560 2104 10 25 MV65-1-5 6110165 28O51.0 115O46.7 814 la51 15.05 MV67-ll-15 6/12/67 36'43.3 122°03.7 560 1925 2038 Ma7 11/02/71 32035.0 118W3.1' 850 2340 10.00 ME-2 1 t to1ni 32026.8' 117O34.0 561 2212 905 MV67-1A-9 4122167 30047.2' 117°12.7 873 1913 12 35 MV71-1-51 5130/71 32022.2 118O23.7 563 2351 11 35 MV71-1-25 5/25/71 28O23.6' 115'47.5' 875 2149 11.02 M12-2 9/28/72 32'26.5' 117*33 8' 568 w47 7 52 MV67-IA-7 4/22/67 30053.3 117°13.0' 890 0215 6.00 M94 12/21/71 32'26.5 117O33S 595 1945 14 00 MV65-Ill-28 9/25/65 32%4.6 118O52.0 896 2055 14.07 M155 3/31/74 SO25 0 121°42.2 MM 0554 3 27 MV67-IA-18 4/24/67 29935.3' 117O18.1' 900 2301 14.40 Ma3 lllolnl 32??6.2 117O33.1' 605 2231 890 MV65-111-29 9/25/65 32'51.2 118%4.8' 916 2207 12.05 MV65-111-35 9/26/65 32O41.6 118'41.0 610 2253 11 02 M1-3 2/01/71 32'30.1 118'1 1.4' 925 2142 11.05 M12-3 9/28/72 32%2&7 117O33.6 610 0109 6 82 M3-2 5/12/71 32'30.5' 118'11.5' 925 2130 4.13 sc74 iiii7n4 32025.8' 117O22.1' 610 1105 4 22 M52 7/15/71 32Q30.0' 118011.S 925 19% 9.w Mll-2 4/07/72 32O34.1 ' 117O26.9 620 1906 9 12 Ma5 11lOrnl 32°30.0: 118011 4' 930 2158 9.53 sc79 11/03/79 32036.0 117O28.1' 620 1055 200 M62 8/11/71 32O30.1 118011.7 937 m3 8.18~.
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