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Adapting to Climate Variability Through Innovation February 26, 2021

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Adapting to Climate Variability Through Innovation February 26, 2021 Adapting to Climate Variability Through Innovation February 26, 2021 Hosted by Paul Jones II, P.E. Task Force Chair General Manager Eastern Municipal Water District Agenda i. Welcome and Introductions ii. New Board Members: EMWD and WMWD iii. Panel Discussion: Water Project Marvels a. Abbey Nastan, NASA Jet Propulsion Labs b. Randall Neudeck, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California iv. Facilitated Question and Answer v. Chair and Vice Chair Transition vi. Closing Remarks Jeff Armstrong Board Member Eastern Municipal Water District Mike Gardner Board Member Western Municipal Water District Fauzia Rizvi Board Member Western Municipal Water District Abbey Nastan Applied Science Systems Engineer NASA Jet Propulsion Labs Water and Climate: JPL’s Capabilities Abbey Nastan Applied Science Systems Engineering © 2021 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. CL#21-0858 JPL Capabilities in Water Resource Management EXPERIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ASSETS Airborne Spaceborne Models & Studies Landsat ASO* AIRS Spectral information from Earth’s surface Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ARIA MODIS AirMSPI Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis Moderate Resolution Imaging Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager UAVSAR / Sentinel-1 / COSMO-SkyMed / ALOS-2 Spectroradiometer JPL Scientists AVIRIS ASTER SMAP Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Soil Moisture Active/Passive & Engineers Reflection Radiometer JPL scientists have published extensively HICO VIIRS Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean ECOSTRESS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Suite HyTES Experiment on Space Station Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer NISAR (2023) GPM NASA-ISRO SAR LiDAR Global Precipitation Measurement Light Detection and Ranging SWOT (2022) GRACE-FO Surface Water and Ocean Topography MASTER Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator Follow-On PACE (2022) Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ecosystem PRISM IceSat-2 Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite UAVSAR (L-band Classic / P-band Jason-2, Jason-3 AirMOSS / Ka-band GLISTIN) Ocean surface height and circulation Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar *ASO transitioned to a commercial entity as of 2020. NASA NASA Western Water Applications Office JPL Capabilities for Climate Impacts Water Supply Consumptive Use Extremes Groundwater Evapotranspiration Drought Streamflow Flood Snowpack Atmospheric Rivers Levee Integrity WWAO NASA Western Water Applications Office Western-based NASA program office • Supports needs of western • Develops custom U.S. water managers to solutions through enhance decision-making applications projects • Connects stakeholders with • Assists with transition NASA scientists, of applications to technology, tools, data operations Projects • Snowpack • Crop management & decision support surveys • High res soil moisture data for crop monitoring • Drought warnings • Satellite-based drought reports for Navajo nation • Land Info System • Operational ET for New Mexico WWAO Website Colorado River Basin Needs Assessment NASA Water Portal: Map-based portal of NASA water-related capabilities WWAO Satellite-Aided Irrigation (2019 WWAO Project) Providing real-time, satellite-driven irrigation recommendations to California farmers • NASA’s existing Satellite Irrigation Management Support (SIMS) system was enhanced to provide reliable, low latency (<48 hours) satellite data for irrigation recommendations • UAV data collected over specific crops to improve SIMS results on per-crop basis • SIMS system was implemented on Google Earth Engine for easy data access • CropManage decision support system updated to use the SIMS API on Google Earth Engine to support long-term data access CropManage Tool (UCANR) WWAO 2019 Annual Report NASA Water Portal: Map-based portal of NASA water-related capabilities Water Supply ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER via Gravity • Monthly global maps of GRACE-FO water and mass change Gravity Recovery and Climate available every 30-40 days Experiment – Follow On Spaceborne • Two decades of Observes changes in measurements reveal Earth’s gravity field groundwater recharge rates Provides estimate of change in • National Drought Mitigation amount of water stored in a Center downscales GRACE region data to regional scale, • groundwater makes it publicly available • water in soil Tiny shifts in Earth's gravitational field are used to determine the rate of groundwater • surface water in lakes, streams, snow, change in the US. This analysis used GRACE data in combination with the Global ice Precipitation Climatology Project. GRACE-FO Website NASA Physical Oceanography Data Center (PO.DAAC) GRACE-FO Data Access National Drought Mitigation Center GRACE- FO Drought Indicators Water Supply ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER via InSAR InSAR JPL delivers subsidence Interferometric Synthetic Aperture products for water managers, Radar hydrologists, and the public Airborne & Spaceborne • Reports Measures subsidence caused by • Maps regional and hot spots the withdrawal and recharge of aquifers for insight into • Pixel Histories groundwater storage • Animations Measures surface deformation, compares data • Tools for time-series analysis from two overpasses separated in time California Department of Water Resources ARIA uses JPL subsidence products for: Advanced Rapid Image & Analysis • Effect of subsidence on infrastructure Spaceborne • Unsustainable water use Auto-generation of California Since the 1920’s, excessive pumping of groundwater at thousands of wells has caused land to subside (or sink) by as much as 28 feet in sections of California’s San Joaquin Valley. subsidence maps Data: Copernicus Sentinel-1A ARIA Website ARIA Standard Displacement Product info ARIA Product Search (Data access, requires free NASA Earthdata account) Water Supply INFRASTUCTURE INTEGRITY Observing subsidence to monitor California’s levees and aqueducts Partnership Levees in the Sacramento- California Aqueduct JPL & California Dept of San Joaquin Delta • Water flow dependent on gravity Water Resources • Ground subsidence can inhibit flow • InSAR can detect subsidence Monitoring levees since 2009 UAVSAR Imagery Hot spot in • Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Avenal, California Much of Suisun Marsh UAVSAR reveals a • subsidence trouble spot along the Subsidence measurements California aqueduct • Measures rate of upward/downward soil • Most critical water resource for CA and an movement & characterizes levee endangered ecosystem stability • Continuously threatened with levee breakage JPL Model • Incorporates land use, soil type, JPL UAVSAR identified seep in levee and factors affecting subsidence UAVSAR Data Search Example of levee seep • Puts data into context for Break in west levee of the 2019 publication on San Joaquin Delta Sutter Bypass, 1997 resource managers Photo: CA DWR subsidence Water Trek Water Supply STREAMFLOW Data Analysis & Visualization Tool Fusing in-situ, airborne, spaceborne and RAPID model-generated data Uses VIC, RAPID, and PRISM models, with River Routing Model MERRA-2, MODIS, and GRACE data as Routing Application for Parallel Computation of Discharge input, and ASO data for validation River flow in the Mississippi Basin Computes flow and volume of water in river networks from small river basins to the entire globe User defined • Every 3 hr / 2 km segment polygon • High spatial and temporal resolution • Utilizes weather and land surface models GPS • Can assimilate river ground station data Frame from animation, The river basins of California, USA, over four months (between 2005-11-01 and 2006-02-28). 3-hourly surface and subsurface runoff was produced from hourly VIC data downloaded from NLDAS2, and RAPID was run at a 15-minute time step. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQGzGlgHtdU In-situ stream gauge sensors RAPID River network SAR-derived Model output soil subsidence moisture users NOAA US Army Engineer Bangladesh Water include U.S. National Water Research and Development Board’s Flood Model based on Development Center RAPID code Forecasting Warning Center Using RAPID results for Implementing modified RAPID for RAPID model hub and code download military ops & disasters flood forecasting Email [email protected] for inquiries about Water Trek Water Supply SNOWPACK – The Airborne Snow Observatory ASO • Measures snow depth, snow Airborne Snow Observatory water equivalent, and albedo Scanning LiDAR and imaging spectrometer over and entire basin snow depth – water contained in snow; albedo – amount of sunlight reflected by snow, determines snow melt rate • Provides snow depth and SWE data within 24-48 hours of flight/data collection Water resource managers use ASO data to make decisions about water • ASO significantly reduces supply, flood management, forecast errors in Sierra Snow water equivalent / Tuolumne River Basin, CA hydropower and ecological flows Nevada total seasonal Lighter blue = less snow deeper blue = more snow 2015 lowest snowpack on record snowmelt runoff 2017 snow water equivalent 21x times greater than 2015 • ASO has flown in California, Colorado, Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, with partner flights in Switzerland Airborne Snow Observatory past project info Download 2013-2019 ASO data Airborne Snow Observatories, Inc. homepage Water Supply ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS Precip from atmospheric rivers contribute 22% of total water flowing across Earth's land surfaces JPL products are
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