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Contemporary Conflicts & /Regional ISBN 978-9943-3404-5-9 UNIVERSITY OF WORLD ECONOMY & DIPLOMACY (UWED) CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTS & /REGIONAL SECURITY STUDY LABORATORY COLLECTION OF RESEARCH PAPERS ON REGIONAL PEACE & SECURITY International Relations Department UWED UNIVERSITY OF WORLD ECONOMY & DIPLOMACY CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTS & REGIONAL SECURITY STUDY LABORATORY COLLECTION OF RESEARCH PAPERS ON REGIONAL PEACE & SECURITY Edited by: Ulugbeck A.Khasanov TASHKENT - 2017 CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTS & REGIONAL SECURITY STUDY LABORATORY The laboratory is a profile research / advisory unit of the University of World Economy & Diplomacy (UWED), acting on the basis of legislation of Uzbekistanin accordance to UWED Scientific Council decisions and recommendations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan. The laboratory carries out its activities in the prescribed manner through shaping understanding of different aspects of Security & Peace in scope of Regional and Global agenda and perspectives of economic cooperation, conducting academic studies and researches solely and in cooperation with leading centers & Institutions of International academic community. Copyright © 2017 Contemporary Conflicts & Regional Security Study Laboratory Contemporary Conflicts & Regional Security Study Laboratory 54 Mustaqillik Avenue, Tashkent, 100077 Uzbekistan www.uwed.uz Collection of Research Papers on Regional Peace & Security prepared by leading scholars and young researchers of the Contemporary Conflicts & Regional Security Study Laboratory at the University of World Economy & Diplomacy Reviewed and recommended by Academic Research Coordination Board of the University of World Economy & Diplomacy (Protocol № 3 issued date on January 31, 2017) ISBN 978-9943-3404-5-9 1 To the 25 Anniversary of the University of World Economy & Diplomacy 2 3 CONTENTS In Lieu of Preface......................................................................................................6 Replicating Security Threats in Modern Geopolitics Dr. Ulugbeck A. Khasanov........................................................................................ 8 Central Asia’s Changing Security Environment Prof. Martha Brill Olcott........................................................................................ 22 The Counter-Insurgency Challenge in Pakistani Tribal Areas Dr. Muhammad Amir Rana................................................................................... 31 Features of the Current Situation in Afghanistan Prof. Nihola U.Tulyaganova.................................................................................. 57 Russia’s Economic Cooperation with the Central Asian Countries Dr. Kuzmina Elena..................................................................................................67 Connectivity & Regional Development Dr. Anita Sengupta..................................................................................................78 Regional Economic Integration in East Asia: an Appraisal of Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (Carec) Dr. Adil Khan & Muhammad Ijaz.........................................................................85 Uzbekistan Struggling against Extremism & Terrorism Dr. Botir B. Ochilov................................................................................................103 “Islamic State” in Afghanistan: Grounds & Consequences Akram Umarov......................................................................................................110 On Specifics of Religious Activity in Central Asia Akmaljon Abdullayev........................................................................................... 125 Muslim World as Priority in Saudi Foreign Policy Madina Abdullaeva...............................................................................................146 Eternal Controversies on Us - Saudi Relations Dilshod Mir-Akilov................................................................................................154 Turkish Approach to the Mid East Politics in Scope o f Syria &Lebanon A.Akhmedov........................................................................................................... 162 4 5 IN LIEU OF PREFACE This collection of University of World Economy & Diplomacy comprises the * research papers of the prominent and young analysts sharing their scholarly view on whole plethora of issues of regional and global agenda. In this volume we proudly introduce and highly honored by contribution of our distinguished international experts for sharing their scholarly views on different issues of global and regional agenda. Most of them are profound and prolific authors representing leading research institutions worldwide in analyses of contemporary politics and trending issues of International Security. Among them Martha Brill Olcott, a Visiting Professor, Michigan State University Professor Emerita, Colgate University, USA, Muhammad Amir Rana, a Director of PAK Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS), Pakistan, Kuzmina Elena, PhD, a Head of Sector of the Center of Post-Soviet researches Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Anita Sengupta, a Senior Researcher, Calcutta Research Group Visiting Fellow, Observer Research Foundation, Dr. Adil Khan and Muhammad Ijaz, from International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Uzbek national experts are presented by group of leading scholars and analysts, conducting their researches at the University of World Economy & Diplomacy, such as Prof. Nihola Tulyaganova, Senior Lecturer on Regional Studies, Ulugbeck A. Khasanov, PhD, Head of Contemporary Conflicts & Regional Security Study Laboratory, Botir Ochilov, PhD, Associate Professor, Leading Lecturer on Geopolitics, Akram Umarov, Researcher, DSc. candidate, Akmaljohn Abdullayev, Researcher, DSc. candidate, Madina Abdullaeva, MA Researcher at IR Department and others. Most of the papers in this volume reflect original and rarely considered aspects of modern development. The work of our research team have turned into a serious result in shaping complex approach to different topics concerning international relations, drawing special interest of expert community and clearly indicate the significance of such efforts. No doubt, such expertise on regional security agenda will give young researchers a good possibility to understand specifics of regional and global politics, and basics of diplomacy, which is defined in the Concept of The Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan and the Strategy of Action on Further Development of Uzbekistan in 2017­ * 2021. Prof. Sherzod M. Abdullaev Dr. Ulugbeck A. Khasanov *The views o f authors in this volume reflect their scholarly and personal opinion. * http://mfa.uz/en/cooperation/policy/ 6 7 REPLICA TING SECURITY THREA TS IN MODERN GEOPOLITICS Dr. Ulugbeck A. Khasanov, PhD Head o f Contemporary Conflicts & Regional Security Study Laboratory, University o f World Economy & Diplomacy Foreword The end of the bipolar system of international relations as so many people believed opened up unprecedented opportunities for restructuring the world on the basis of general human values and interests. The world community has, it would seem, received a unique historical chance for the formation of a new international order on just legal principles, and to enter the new century and millennium free from the past legacy of confrontation. The threats of a new order of international relations have replaced the threats and contradictions of the bipolar world, dominated by Soviets and Americans. In fact, threats to security may even be accentuated in the condition of greater interdependence of states. The stability of many countries and whole regions is shaken by conflicts connected with interethnic and inter-confessional tensions, religious extremism, and aggressive separatism. The same trends emphasized in political position of regional countries as it described accordingly: "The ever intensifying bloody conflicts and confrontations, the danger of terrorism and extremism in some regions of the world today require us to be always vigilant and alert. In this respect, such resolute tasks as providing for the security and inviolability of Uzbekistan’s borders, solidifying the defense capability of our country and not allowing any evil to the country’s doorsteps will always remain in the focus of our attention."1 The danger of proliferation of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery is particularly menacing. The gap between the poor and the rich countries does not shrink. The narcotics trade has grown, as has organized crime, which has increasingly crossed national frontiers and assumed truly global proportions. The course of international developments was indeed greatly impacted by the end of the "bipolar system." States not only found them less well protected against the old "diseases," but faced the new ones too. Crucially, adequate mechanisms to ensure international stability in the face of these new changes were not created. This essay will examine geopolitical dynamics in Eurasia, assess whether some scholarly approaches can shed the light on existing geopolitical realities in some parts of the world, and ask what lessons foreign policy makers in the Central Asian region 1Inaugural Speech of the President-Elect of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, December 14, 2016. (Official web site of Press-Service of the PresidentRepublic of Uzbekistan. http://prezident.uz/en/news/5395 8 can
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