SETTLEMENT

RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

WHAT IS A SETTLEMENT? SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY

RURAL -FARM /COUNTRYSIDE URBAN – / RURAL SETTLEMENTS URBAN SETTLEMENTS

UNIFUNCTIONAL –HAS ONE FUNCTION MULTIFUNCTIONAL – HAS MANY FUNCTIONS PRIMARY ACTIVITIES – DEALS WITH EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS FROM THE SECONDARY SCTIVITIES – MANUFACTURE OF - FISHING, FARMING, FORESTRY, RAW MATERIALS INTO USABLE GOODS MINING, HUNTING, QUARRYING TERTIARY ACTIVITIES – PROVISION OF GOODS AND SERVICES CONSISTS OF ISOLATED FARMSTEAD, QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES- ADVANCED , RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

MAY BE DISPERSED, NUCLEATED , , METROPOLIS, CONURBATION, MEGALOPOLIS

ALWAYS NUCLEATED LAND USE IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS -FARMING COMMERCIAL FARMING SUBSISTENCE FARMING LARGE FARMS FOR PROFIT FARMER GROWS CROPS TO FEED HIS FAMILY CAPITAL INTENSIVE –USE LOTS OF MONEY SMALL SCALE MONOCULTURE – ONE MAIN CROP USES TRADITIONAL METHODS USE MODERN MACHINERY AND FARMING PLANTS A VARIETY OF CROPS METHODS DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO ECONOMY FARMING CAN BE INTENSIVE OR EXTENSIVE

INTENSIVE FARMING – EVERY AVAILABLE PIECE OF LAND IS USED, YIELD IS HIGH, CAPITAL AND LABOUR INTENSIVE

EXTENSIVE FARMING- USES LARGE TRACTS OF LAND, YIELD PER HECTARE IS LOW, OCCURS ON LESS FERTILE LAND EG THE COMMERCIAL FARM SITE AND SITUATION THE SITE IS THE ACTUAL LOCATION OF A SETTLEMENT ON THE EARTH AND IS COMPOSED OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE SPECIFIC TO THE AREA. THIS INCLUDE FACTORS LIKE AVAILABILITY OF WATER, FUEL (WOOD / ELECTRICITY), GAZING LAND, FERTILE SOIL, SITE

THIS SITE HAS FLAT LAND, WATER AVAILABILITY FROM RIVER, FERTILE LAND ON THE FLOOD PLAINS, TRANSPORT ROUTES, TOWNS FACTORS AFFECTING SITE HOW SITE AND SITUATION AFFECT THE LOCATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS

• SITE OF SETTLEMENTS ARE DETERMINED BY THE FOLLOWING: • RUNNING WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND AGRICULTURAL USE • AVAILABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIAL E.G. WOOD, ROCKS, GRASS, MUD, CLAY • FLAT LAND TO BUILD ON • GRAZING LAND • FERTILE SOIL FOR CROP FARMING • FUEL FOR ENERGY E.G. WOOD. SITUATION

IT IS A PORT CITY WITH EASY ACCESS TO SURROUNDING PORTS SITUATION OF A SETTLEMENT IS DEFINED AS THE LOCATION OF A PLACE RELATIVE TO ITS SURROUNDINGS AND OTHER PLACES. FACTORS INCLUDED IN AN AREA'S SITUATION INCLUDE THE ACCESSIBILITY OF THE LOCATION, THE EXTENT OF A PLACE'S CONNECTIONS WITH ANOTHER, AND HOW CLOSE AN AREA MAY BE TO RAW MATERIALS IF THEY ARE NOT LOCATED SPECIFICALLY ON THE SITE. CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENTS

DISPERSED AND NUCLEATED

DISPERSED NUCLEATED THE REASONS FOR DIFFERENT SHAPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS TO DEVELOP:

A) ROUND – DEVELOP AROUND A MARKET PLACE OR SOME SHARED / COMMUNAL LAND B) LINEAR – DEVELOPS ALONG RIVERS, ROADS, COASTLINES, RAILWAYS OR IN THERMAL BELTS IN VALLEYS. C) CROSS ROAD – SETTLEMENT DEVELOP IN THE FORM A CROSS TO ALLOW EVERY ONE ACCESS TO THE ROAD. D) T-SHAPE - SETTLEMENT DEVELOP IN THE FORM A T ALONG A ROAD JUNCTION TO ALLOW EVERY ONE ACCESS TO THE ROAD. E) STAR-SHAPED – MANY ROADS CONNECT AND THE SETTLEMENT SPREAD OUT ALONG THESE ROADS. LAND USE IN RURAL AREAS

• CONSERVATION AREAS WHERE THE NATURAL VEGETATION AND HABITAT IS CONSERVED WITH THE ANIMALS OF THE AREAS • RECREATION AREAS – ECOTOURISM, FLYING / LANDING STRIPS • PLANTATIONS / FORESTRY • FARM WORKERS HOUSING • RURAL – URBAN FRINGE ACTIVITIES: AIRPORTS, WATERWORKS, WASTE DUMPS, SEWAGE WORKS, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AND MARKET GARDENS • RESERVOIRS, IRRIGATION, FISHING, HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS • HAZARDOUS ACTIVITIES (FAR FROM LARGE GROUPS OF PEOPLE) TOXIC INDUSTRIES, NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS, MILITARY CAMPS AND SECURITY AREAS, RUBBISH DUMPS • FARMING WET POINT SETTLEMENT

• FOUND IN AREAS WHERE THERE IS A SHORTAGE OF WATER • SETTLEMENTS ARE LOCATED CLOSE TO WATER SOURCE • USUALLY FOUND IN DRY, ARID AREAS DRY POINT SETTLEMENT

• SETTLEMENTS ARE FOUND AWAY FROM MARSHY OR FLOOD PRONE AREAS • FOUND ON HIGHER GROUND BECAUSE OF FLOODING RURAL SETTLEMENT ISSUES

• CONCEPT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION: PEOPLE MOVE OUT OF RURAL AREAS DUE TO NEGATIVE FACTORS IN THE RURAL AREAS E.G. UNEMPLOYMENT, POVERTY, POOR SERVICES ETC. – THESE NEGATIVE FACTORS ARE REFERRED TO AS PUSH FACTORS. THE POSITIVE FACTORS IN URBAN AREAS, WHICH ATTRACT PEOPLE TO CITIES ARE CALLED PULL FACTORS. RURAL DEPOPULATION

• CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF RURAL DEPOPULATION ON PEOPLE AND THE ECONOMY • YOUNG ADULTS MOVE AWAY AND MORE SO YOUNG MEN • ELDERLY, WOMEN AND CHILDREN ARE LEFT BEHIND • PRODUCTIVITY IN RURAL AREAS DROP • INCOME DECLINES • SERVICES CLOSE DOWN AS THEY ARE NOT SUPPORTED ANYMORE • POVERTY INCREASES • MORE PEOPLE LEAVE THE RURAL AREAS • DISPLACEMENT OF FAMILIES AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS RURAL DEPOPULATION

• JOB CREATION PROJECTS IN RURAL AREAS • DECENTRALISATION OF INDUSTRIES • DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS • IMPROVED BASIC SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS • SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS • FARMING RELATED INDUSTRIES IN RURAL AREA

• IMPROVED TRANSPORT, HEALTH, EDUCATION SERVICES • RETIREMENT IN RURAL TOWNS TO ATTRACT PEOPLE THERE • INCENTIVES FOR PROFESSIONALS AND EMPLOYERS TO SETTLE IN RURAL AREAS • DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-TOURISM THROUGH CONSERVATION OF NATURAL HABITATS AND THUS CREATING INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE LOCAL POPULATION SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS

 HIV/AIDS IS A MAJOR PROBLEM AS PEOPLE GET SICK AND THEN RETURN TO FAMILY IN RURAL AREAS, WHICH PLACE AN INCREASED BURDEN ON THE LIMITED INCOME OF THE FAMILY AND THE LIMITED HEALTH RESOURCES IN RURAL AREAS.  LAND REFORM IS NECESSARY IN SOUTH AFRICA INEQUALITIES EXIST DUE TO APARTHEID LEGISLATION OF THE PAST WHICH PREVENTED ALL PEOPLE OWNING LAND  LAND REFORM – EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF LANDOWNERSHIP BY CHANGING LAWS ABOUT OWNERSHIP OF LAND  LAND REDISTRIBUTION – SOME AGRICULTURAL LAND MUST BE BOUGHT AND GIVEN TO BLACK OWNERS BY THE STATE  LAND RESTITUTION – RETURN OF LAND TO PEOPLE WHO FELL VICTIM TO FORCED REMOVALS  LAND TENURE REFORM – TO SECURE THE RESIDENTIAL RIGHTS OF PEOPLE LIVING ON THE LAND OF OTHER PEOPLE CHALLENGES WITH LAND REFORM

WILLING BUYER, WILLING SELLER CAUSES DELAYS IT IS VERY COSTLY TAKES TIME TO RESOLVE DISPUTES GREY AREAS IN LAND REFORM POLICIES DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND TRADITIONAL LEADERS LAND REDISTRIBUTED TO THOSE WHO HAVE NO INTEREST OR KNOWLEDGE OF FARMING MOVE FROM SUBSISTENCE TO COMMERCIAL FARMING HAS NOT OCCURRED LAND REFORM HAS NOT STIMULATED THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF RURAL AREAS 2014 NSC November FIGURE 3.1: TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS 2. Refer to FIGURE 3.1 which shows two types of settlements (A and B). Match the settlement types A and B to the statements below. 2.1 This type of settlement is unifunctional 2.2 Associated with tertiary activities 2.3 The smallest of all the settlement types 2.4 These settlements are always nucleated 2.5 This settlement has a dispersed pattern 2.6 An overconcentration of activities 2.7 A metropolis is an example of the s type of settlement 2.8 An example of a central place 1.1 IDENTIFY THE RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN FIGURE 3.3. (1 X 1) (1)

1.2 GIVE ONE REASON FOR YOUR ANSWER TO QUESTION 3.3.1. (1 X 1) (1)

1.3 IDENTIFY THE PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY THAT MOST PEOPLE

LIVING IN THIS SETTLEMENT WOULD BE INVOLVED IN. (1 X 1) (1)

1.4 STATE TWO POSSIBLE SITE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED PEOPLE TO

LIVE IN THIS SETTLEMENT. (2 X 2) (4)

1.5 POOR FARMING PRACTICES RESULTED IN LOWER YIELDS IN THE ILLUSTRATED

LANDSCAPE. WRITE A PARAGRAPH OF APPROXIMATELY EIGHT LINES IN

WHICH YOU ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF POOR FARMING PRACTICES ON THE

ECONOMY AND RURAL DEPOPULATION. (4 X 2) (8) REFER TO THE FIGURE ABOVE SHOWING TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS. IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SETTLEMENTS ASKED BELOW, OR MATCH THE CORRECT LETTER TO THE DESCRIPTION GIVEN. 1.1. IDENTIFY THE SHAPES OF SETTLEMENT A AND E RESPECTIVELY. (2) 1.2. GIVE THE REASON WHY THE SHAPES YOU IDENTIFIED IN 1.1 DEVELOPED. (2) 1.3. A SETTLEMENT LOCATED AWAY FROM WATER LIKE C, AS WATER IS A THREAT, IS CALLED A …

(1) 1.4. A SETTLEMENT WHERE A RIVER MEANDER PROVIDES PROTECTION FROM INVASIONS. (1) 1.5. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE SITE AND THE SITUATION OF A SETTLEMENT. (2 X 2 = 4) 1.6. LIST AND DESCRIBE THE FACTORS THAT HAD AN INFLUENCE ON THE SITE OF SETTLEMENT B. (3 X 2 = 6) 1.7.1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AT A AND C RESPECTIVELY. (2) 1.7.2. DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN SETTLEMENTS LIKE A AND C RESPECTIVELY IN A PARAGRAPH OF ABOUT 8

LINES. (4 X 2 = 8) 2.1. IDENTIFY THE TERM DESCRIBED BY THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS: 2.1.1. THE PROCESS WHERE MANY PEOPLE ARE LEAVING RURAL AREAS TO FIND BETTER LIVES. 2.1.2. THE PROCESS WHERE MORE AND MORE PEOPLE IN A POPULATION PREFER TO STAY IN CITIES. 2.1.3. NEGATIVE THINGS IN RURAL AREAS WHICH CAUSE PEOPLE TO LEAVE. 2.1.4. POSITIVE THINGS IN URBAN AREAS THAT ATTRACT PEOPLE TO CITIES. 2.1.5. THE PROCESS WHERE FUNCTIONS AND PEOPLE CLUSTER IN ONE AREA. (5 X 1 = 5) 2.2. WRITE A PARAGRAPH OF NO MORE THAN 8 LINES EXPLAINING WHY SO MANY PEOPLE MOVE OUT OF RURAL AREAS. (4 X 2 = 8) 2.3. WRITE A SHORT NEWSPAPER ARTICLE DESCRIBING THE IMPACT OF THE PROCESS ILLUSTRATED IN THE SKETCH ON THE RURAL COMMUNITY. (4 X 2 = 8) 2.4. EXPLAIN WHY IT IS IMPORTANT THAT SOME PEOPLE STAY IN RURAL AREAS. (2 X 2 = 4) 2.5. SUGGEST SOME MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN TO KEEP SOME PEOPLE IN THE RURAL AREAS. (3 X 2 = 6) 3. REFER TO FIGURE 3.1 ILLUSTRATING THE LOCATION OF TOWNS IN RELATION TO EACH OTHER AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW. 3.1. GIVE THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A LARGE URBAN AREA WHERE SEVERAL TOWNS ARE JOINED TOGETHER. 3.2. IDENTIFY THE RURAL SETTLEMENT EVIDENT IN THE SKETCH. 3.3. WILL THE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF TOWN X OR Y BE GREATER? 3.4. GIVE THE NAME OF THE THEORY THAT EXPLAINS THE RELATIVE SIZE AND SPACING OF SETTLEMENTS. 3.5. WHAT IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE TRADE AND TRANSPORT TOWN X, WHERE A NUMBER OF ROUTES CONVERGE? (5 X 1 = 5) URBAN SETTLEMENTS

• URBANISATION – MORE PEOPLE LIVE IN CITIES • URBAN GROWTH – NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN CITIES INCREASE • URBAN EXPANSION – NUMBER OF PEOPLE AND BUILDINGS INCREASE IN CITIES. • – UNCONTROLLED DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES • RATE OF URBANISATION – HOW FAST URBANISATION TAKES PLACE • LEVEL OF URBANISATION – PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION IN CITIES URBANISATION CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

• CENTRAL PLACES: THIS TYPE OF TOWN RENDERS THE BASIC SERVICES TO THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY. ALL URBAN SETTLEMENTS HAVE THIS FUNCTION BUT IN SMALL TOWNS THIS MAY BE THE ONLY AND MAIN FUNCTION. • TRADE AND TRANSPORT TOWNS: THESE TOWNS DEVELOP AT IMPORTANT TRANSPORT ROUTE INTERSECTIONS AND THE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IS TRADE WITH THE SURROUNDING SETTLEMENTS. • BREAK-OF-BULK POINTS: THIS TYPE OF TOWN DEVELOP WHERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSPORT METHODS ARE LINKED AND BULK FREIGHT IS EITHER DISTRIBUTED FORM THERE WITH OTHER TRANSPORT METHODS OF FREIGHT IS COLLECTED THERE AND SEND OFF  Specialised towns: These towns only specialise in one function e.g. o Mining towns: most important activity is mining o Resort towns: some natural attraction lead to the development of the town e.g. coastlines, warm water sources, ski resorts, springs etc. o Industrial towns: the most important activity is industries. E.g. Sasolburg in SA.  Junction towns develop at major transport junctions: e.g. De Aar developed at the major junction between the North / South and West East railways in SA. Germiston is also at a major rail junction in Gauteng.  Gateway/gap towns develop where there in only one bridge over a river or one pass through a mountain. In this gap / gateway where all travellers need to pass a town will develop. URBAN HIERARCHY URBAN HIERARCHY REFERS TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO THEIR SIZE AND COMPLEXITY.

CENTRAL PLACE – RENDERS BASIC SERVICES TO THE COMMUNITY E.G. MEDICAL, HEALTH, SCHOOLS, SHOPS, CHURCHES E.G. BRONKHORSTSPRUIT

• THRESHOLD POPULATION REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT A FUNCTION FOR IT TO SURVIVE. • SPHERE OF INFLUENCE: THE AREA FROM WHERE PEOPLE COME TO MAKE USE OF THE SERVICES IN A CITY OR TOWN. • RANGE OF GOODS: HOW FAR PEOPLE ARE PREPARED TO TRAVEL TO GET HOLD OF A SPECIFIC PRODUCT OR SERVICE. E.G. PEOPLE WILL NOT BE PREPARED TO TRAVEL LOW- AND HIGH-ORDER FUNCTIONS/SERVICES: LOW ORDER FUNCTIONS / SERVICES REFER TO EVERYDAY CONVENIENCES LIKE BREAD, MILK, GENERAL DEALERS, HAIR DRESSERS, BUTCHERIES, SCHOOLS, CLINICS – WHICH PEOPLE NEED DAILY. LOW ORDER FUNCTIONS / SERVICES HAVE A LOW POPULATION THRESHOLD AND A SMALL RANGE. HIGH ORDER FUNCTIONS / SERVICES REFER TO MORE EXPENSIVE OR SPECIALISED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: E.G. JEWELLERS, CAR DEALERS, BANKS, UNIVERSITIES, LEGAL SERVICES, HOSPITALS AND SPECIALISTS. PEOPLE WILL BE PREPARED TO TRAVEL FURTHER TO OBTAIN THESE PRODUCTS OR TO USE THESE SERVICES IF THEY NEED IT, BUT THEY DO NOT MAKE USE TO THESE SERVICES DAILY. HIGH ORDER SERVICES / FUNCTIONS HAVE A HIGH POPULATION THRESHOLD AND A WIDE RANGE. LOW- AND HIGH-ORDER CENTRES: SOME TOWNS HAVE A LARGE VARIETY OF SERVICES INCLUDING HIGH ORDER SERVICES. THE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF THIS TYPE OF TOWN WILL BE LARGER. SMALLER TOWNS WITH MOSTLY LOW ORDER FUNCTIONS WILL ATTRACT LESS PEOPLE FROM A SMALLER SPHERE OF INFLUENCE. CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS

CENTRAL PLACE TOWNS – A TRADE AND TRANSPORT TOWNS/CITIES TOWN THAT PROVIDES GOODS 1. BREAK OF BULK – OCCUR WHERE GOODS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE FORM OF TRANSPORT TO AND SERVICES TO THE ANOTHER EG FROM ROAD TO A SHIP SURROUNDING RURAL AREA 2. GAP/GATEWAY SETTLEMENT – ORIGINATE WHERE THERE ARE PHYSICAL BARRIERS EG MOUNTAIN PASS 3. JUNCTION TOWN/CITY- LOCATED AT IMPORTANT TRANSPORT JUNCTIONS LIKE ROADS, RAIL OR RIVER

SPECIALISED TOWNS HAVE A SPECIALISED REASON FOR DEVELOPING EG MINING TOWNS, RESORT TOWNS, INDUSTRIAL TOWNS, FISHING TOWNS URBAN LAND USE ZONES

URBAN PROFILE – SIDE VIEW OF THE CITY

MODELS OF URBAN LAND USE

AMERICAN CITY MODEL THIRD WORLD CITY LATIN AMERICAN CITY SOUTH AFRICAN CITIES Urban issues related to rapid urbanisation  Inner city problems o Depopulation at night lead to crime o Congestion of people and traffic o Air and noise pollution o High land values lead to decentralisation o Slums develop in old office buildings that are due for demolishing o City centre become unattractive for business o Urban renewal  Urban blight o Poor maintenance of buildings that are worth less than the land they are built on. o Buildings become dilapidated and abandoned o Slums develop – poverty and other social evils occur in these areas.  Traffic congestion o Movement in and out of CBD and other business areas daily lead to traffic problems. o Poor public transport o Pollution / waste of time and fuel Lack of planning o Lead to more traffic problems o Pollution hazards o Ineffective use of resources and time  Overcrowding o Housing shortages – o Spread of diseases o Social evils are rive  Housing shortages o squatter camps and slums develop  Service provision o Over utilisation of services INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS Growth of informal settlements o Due to rapid urbanisation o People build make shift shack form any kind of material o They occupy open land that belongs to individuals, government or companies illegally o The areas where they are built tare not always suitable for settlement and then they squatters must be resettled Issues associated with informal settlements o No infrastructure in place (No water, electricity, roads or sewerage systems) o Lack of services like shops, schools, clinics o Poverty o Social evils like drug abuse, child and women abuse occur o Unemployment and lack of skills to find gainful employment o People use paraffin stoves and lamps or candles and fires often demolish large areas and people lose their lives or houses and belongings. Strategies to address issues relating to informal settlements o Building of low cost housing by government o Infrastructure development o Improved service delivery o Skills development o Social support programs o Poverty, child and old age grants Characteristic A B C Identify streets pattern RADIAL GRID IRON PLANNED IRREGULAR Advantage Disadvantage Most common land use suing this pattern Relative age 3.1. Identify the type of rural settlement labelled 3. Give a reason to support your answer. (2 x 2 = 4) 3.2. A regional shopping centre is planned for the site labelled 4. Give TWO characteristics of this type of centre. (2 x 2 = 4) 3.3. Give two reasons that could have influenced the site of settlement 5.

(2 x 2 = 4) 3.4. Name THREE factors that favour the location of the industrial area at 1. (3 x 2 = 6) 3.5. The urban area 2 is associated with a number of challenges. With specific reference to urban area 2, name and discuss (approximately 8 lines) the problems it will experience in terms of urban expansion. (4 x 2 = 8) 3.6. Differentiate between the land use at 3 and 5 and at 1 and 2. (2 x 2 = 4) 4.1. Which land-use model does the sketch resemble? (1 x 2 = 2) 4.2. Refer to the land-use zone labelled A. 4.2.1. Name the land-use zone. (1 x 2 = 2) 4.2.2. Describe the location of the zone. (1 x 2 = 2) 4.2.3. Why is the shape of zone A unrealistic? (1 x 2 = 2) 4.3.1. Give TWO reasons for the development of shanty towns. (2 x 2 = 4) 4.3.2. Suggest TWO challenges associated with shanty town settlements. (2 x 2 = 4) 4.3.3. Which aspect of the model typically resembles a South African city? (1 x 2 = 2) 4.3.4. What type of transport will the industrial areas also use except for those indicated on the sketch map? (1 x 2 = 2) 5.1. Name movement A in the sketch. (1 x 2) (2) 5.2. Give ONE reason why people move away from rural villages. (1 x 2) (2) 5.3. Discuss the impact of the movement of people away from rural villages on the economy of these settlements. (3 x 2) (6) 5.4. Is movement B more likely to take place in developed or developing countries? (1 x 2) (2) 5.5. Write a paragraph (approximately 8 lines) detailing the impact of movement A on the CBD (D) and inner city (C). (4 x 2) (8) 6.1. Define the term urbanisation. (1 x 2) (2) 6.2. Identify the province with the highest rate of urbanisation. (1 x 2) (2) 6.3. Name TWO pull factors that contribute to people moving from rural to urban areas. (2 x 2) (4) 6.4. Refer to the cartoon in FIGURE 3.4. (a) Identify the urban problem, due to urbanisation, highlighted by the cartoon. (1 x 2) (2)

(b) Comment on why the cartoonist disagrees with the way in which the problem is being solved. (1 x 2) (2) (c) Suggest a sustainable solution for the problem in the cartoon. (1 x 2) (2) 7.1. Side view of a city E 7.2. Linear settlement that develop along a river B 7.3. Stellar-shaped settlement that develops due to growth along radiating transport lines C 7.4. A planned irregular street pattern D 7.5. Settlement that assumes a circular shape A (5 x 1 = 5) COMPILED BY VANESSA VAN DYK