I RECONSTRUCTING the CHOCTAW NATION of OKLAHOMA, 1894-1898
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Geography Settlements Notes
SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS WHAT IS A SETTLEMENT? SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY RURAL -FARM /COUNTRYSIDE URBAN – TOWN/CITY RURAL SETTLEMENTS URBAN SETTLEMENTS UNIFUNCTIONAL –HAS ONE FUNCTION MULTIFUNCTIONAL – HAS MANY FUNCTIONS PRIMARY ACTIVITIES – DEALS WITH EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS FROM THE SECONDARY SCTIVITIES – MANUFACTURE OF EARTH- FISHING, FARMING, FORESTRY, RAW MATERIALS INTO USABLE GOODS MINING, HUNTING, QUARRYING TERTIARY ACTIVITIES – PROVISION OF GOODS AND SERVICES CONSISTS OF ISOLATED FARMSTEAD, QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES- ADVANCED HAMLET, VILLAGE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MAY BE DISPERSED, NUCLEATED TOWNS, CITIES, METROPOLIS, CONURBATION, MEGALOPOLIS ALWAYS NUCLEATED LAND USE IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS -FARMING COMMERCIAL FARMING SUBSISTENCE FARMING LARGE FARMS FOR PROFIT FARMER GROWS CROPS TO FEED HIS FAMILY CAPITAL INTENSIVE –USE LOTS OF MONEY SMALL SCALE MONOCULTURE – ONE MAIN CROP USES TRADITIONAL METHODS USE MODERN MACHINERY AND FARMING PLANTS A VARIETY OF CROPS METHODS DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO ECONOMY FARMING CAN BE INTENSIVE OR EXTENSIVE INTENSIVE FARMING – EVERY AVAILABLE PIECE OF LAND IS USED, YIELD IS HIGH, CAPITAL AND LABOUR INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE FARMING- USES LARGE TRACTS OF LAND, YIELD PER HECTARE IS LOW, OCCURS ON LESS FERTILE LAND EG THE KAROO COMMERCIAL FARM SITE AND SITUATION THE SITE IS THE ACTUAL LOCATION OF A SETTLEMENT ON THE EARTH AND IS COMPOSED OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE SPECIFIC TO THE AREA. THIS INCLUDE FACTORS LIKE AVAILABILITY OF WATER, FUEL (WOOD / ELECTRICITY), GAZING LAND, FERTILE SOIL, SITE THIS SITE HAS FLAT LAND, WATER AVAILABILITY FROM RIVER, FERTILE LAND ON THE FLOOD PLAINS, TRANSPORT ROUTES, TOWNS FACTORS AFFECTING SITE HOW SITE AND SITUATION AFFECT THE LOCATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS • SITE OF SETTLEMENTS ARE DETERMINED BY THE FOLLOWING: • RUNNING WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND AGRICULTURAL USE • AVAILABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIAL E.G. -
A Many-Storied Place
A Many-storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator Midwest Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska 2017 A Many-Storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator 2017 Recommended: {){ Superintendent, Arkansas Post AihV'j Concurred: Associate Regional Director, Cultural Resources, Midwest Region Date Approved: Date Remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set. Proverbs 22:28 Words spoken by Regional Director Elbert Cox Arkansas Post National Memorial dedication June 23, 1964 Table of Contents List of Figures vii Introduction 1 1 – Geography and the River 4 2 – The Site in Antiquity and Quapaw Ethnogenesis 38 3 – A French and Spanish Outpost in Colonial America 72 4 – Osotouy and the Changing Native World 115 5 – Arkansas Post from the Louisiana Purchase to the Trail of Tears 141 6 – The River Port from Arkansas Statehood to the Civil War 179 7 – The Village and Environs from Reconstruction to Recent Times 209 Conclusion 237 Appendices 241 1 – Cultural Resource Base Map: Eight exhibits from the Memorial Unit CLR (a) Pre-1673 / Pre-Contact Period Contributing Features (b) 1673-1803 / Colonial and Revolutionary Period Contributing Features (c) 1804-1855 / Settlement and Early Statehood Period Contributing Features (d) 1856-1865 / Civil War Period Contributing Features (e) 1866-1928 / Late 19th and Early 20th Century Period Contributing Features (f) 1929-1963 / Early 20th Century Period -
Mountains, Streams, and Lakes of Oklahoma I
Information Series #1, June 1998 Mountains, Streams, and Lakes of OklahomaI Kenneth S. Johnson2 INTRODUCTION valleys, hills, and plains throughout most of the re mainder of Oklahoma (Fig. 1). All the major lakes and Mountains and streams define the landscape of reservoirs of Oklahoma are man-made, and they are Oklahoma (Fig. 1). The mountains consist mainly of important for flood contr()l, water supply, recreation, resistant rock masses that were folded, faulted, and and generation of hydroelectric power. Natural lakes thrust upward in the geologic past (Fig. 2), whereas in Oklahoma are limited to oxbow lakes along major the streams have persisted in eroding less-resistant streams and to playa lakes in the High Plains region rock units and lowering the landscape to form broad of the west. Alphabetical List of20 Lakes with Largest Surface Area (from Oklahoma Water Atlas, Oklahoma Water Resources Board) 1. Broken Bow 11. Lake 0' The Cherokees 2. Canton 12. Oologah 3. Eufaula 13. Robert s. Kerr 4. Fort Gibson 14. Sardis 5. Foss 15. Skiatook 6. Great Salt Plains 16. Tenkiller Ferry ·7. Hudson 17. Texoma 8. Hugo 18. Waurika 9. Kaw 19. Webbers Falls 10. Keystone 20. Wister Modified from Historical Atlas of Oklahoma, by John W. Morris, Charles R. Goins, and Edwin C. 25 McReynolds. Copyright © 1986 by the University I of Oklahoma Press. o 40 80Km Figure 1. Mountains, streams, and principal lakes of Oklahoma. lReprinted from Oklahoma Geology Notes (1993), vol. 53, no. 5, p. 180-188. The Notes article was reprinted and expanded from Oklahoma Almanac, 1993-1994, Oklahoma Department of Lihraries, p. -
Cherokees in Arkansas
CHEROKEES IN ARKANSAS A historical synopsis prepared for the Arkansas State Racing Commission. John Jolly - first elected Chief of the Western OPERATED BY: Cherokee in Arkansas in 1824. Image courtesy of the Smithsonian American Art Museum LegendsArkansas.com For additional information on CNB’s cultural tourism program, go to VisitCherokeeNation.com THE CROSSING OF PATHS TIMELINE OF CHEROKEES IN ARKANSAS Late 1780s: Some Cherokees began to spend winters hunting near the St. Francis, White, and Arkansas Rivers, an area then known as “Spanish Louisiana.” According to Spanish colonial records, Cherokees traded furs with the Spanish at the Arkansas Post. Late 1790s: A small group of Cherokees relocated to the New Madrid settlement. Early 1800s: Cherokees continued to immigrate to the Arkansas and White River valleys. 1805: John B. Treat opened a trading post at Spadra Bluff to serve the incoming Cherokees. 1808: The Osage ceded some of their hunting lands between the Arkansas and White Rivers in the Treaty of Fort Clark. This increased tension between the Osage and Cherokee. 1810: Tahlonteeskee and approximately 1,200 Cherokees arrived to this area. 1811-1812: The New Madrid earthquake destroyed villages along the St. Francis River. Cherokees living there were forced to move further west to join those living between AS HISTORICAL AND MODERN NEIGHBORS, CHEROKEE the Arkansas and White Rivers. Tahlonteeskee settled along Illinois Bayou, near NATION AND ARKANSAS SHARE A DEEP HISTORY AND present-day Russellville. The Arkansas Cherokee petitioned the U.S. government CONNECTION WITH ONE ANOTHER. for an Indian agent. 1813: William Lewis Lovely was appointed as agent and he set up his post on CHEROKEE NATION BUSINESSES RESPECTS AND WILL Illinois Bayou. -
Before the Line Volume Iii Caddo Indians: the Final Years
BEFORE THE LINE VOLUME III CADDO INDIANS: THE FINAL YEARS BEFORE THE LINE VOLUME III CADDO INDIANS: THE FINAL YEARS Jim Tiller Copyright © 2013 by Jim Tiller All rights reserved Bound versions of this book have been deposited at the following locations: Louisiana State University, Shreveport (Shreveport, Louisiana) Sam Houston State University (Huntsville, Texas) Stephen F. Austin State University (Nacogdoches, Texas) Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas) Texas General Land Office (Archives and Records) (Austin, Texas) Texas State Library (Austin, Texas) University of North Texas (Denton, Texas) University of Texas at Austin (Austin, Texas) To view a pdf of selected pages of this and other works by Jim Tiller, see: http://library.shsu.edu > Digital Collection > search for: Jim Tiller Electronic versions of Vol. I, II and III as well as a limited number of bound sets of the Before the Line series are available from: The Director, Newton Gresham Library, Sam Houston State University, PO Box 2281 (1830 Bobby K. Marks Drive), Huntsville, Texas 77341 Phone: 936-294-1613 Design and production by Nancy T. Tiller The text typefaces are Adobe Caslon Pro and Myriad Pro ISBN 978-0-9633100-6-4 iv For the People of the Caddo Nation Also by Jim Tiller Our American Adventure: The History of a Pioneer East Texas Family, 1657-1967(2008) (with Albert Wayne Tiller) Named Best Family History Book by a Non-Professional Genealogist for 2008 by the Texas State Genealogical Society Before the Line Volume I An Annotated Atlas of International Boundaries and Republic of Texas Administrative Units Along the Sabine River-Caddo Lake Borderland, 1803-1841 (2010) Before the Line Volume II Letters From the Red River, 1809-1842 (2012) Jehiel Brooks and the Grappe Reservation: The Archival Record (working manuscript) vi CONTENTS Preface . -
2021 Area Lodging Guide
VISITMCCURTAINCOUNTY.COM Hwy 259 Ti mb il erwolf Tra Golf Cours Lu e Road ci River Bend an Road C Sorrel edar Creek il Carson ra oad T Creek Area R a k at ee f r k Moun C u odge L Lakeview L Broken Bow r tai n L e Gap Road F ns ork o b e e Rive s v iv t e Dr Reservoir m ail Deer Creek Trail te Coyot r C i r S r T Stevens e T a e t k a Gap Area L u kf Hochatown H T Overlook R 259A ve O Ste ns Gap Creek Beaver Lodge Nature Trails N Radio Tower Beacon 259A River Bend Power Area House Big Oak Hwy Nature Trails 259 Mou H nta in T Fo rk R R iver Beavers Bend O Gr 259A N a State Park v Reregulation Dam el R 4.3 Miles oad Public Presbyterian Use Area Falls Hwy ile Hwy 1 M 7 Steel iles 70 3 Junction 259 5 M d a Oak Hill o R Broken g i Bow a r 70 BUS C N 70 . Craig Road NW Texas Ave. C e n t r H a l T A v R e BUS . O Hwy N Broken 70 259 t t MLK Dr. Bow d e SE Washington St. e 10th St. a e e o r C r t e t 9th St. R n S S t e e y y r 8th St. m a v v a a a i i l r r w 70 w A D 7th St. -
Property for Sale Broken Bow Oklahoma
Property For Sale Broken Bow Oklahoma Inertial and shrinelike Ragnar industrialised while stupefacient Sigmund overlards her populace uncommendably and embrangles weekdays. Warped and actionable Sergio caviling while battle-scarred Arvind epistolising her obligatoriness significatively and cinchonizes violently. Diego tunnel her pseudonyms unhappily, synecologic and conjugate. How the help you for oklahoma or as your vacation destination weekend with increasing as slings now Tate operates a standing cattle ranch in elaborate Bow OK with the help of you beloved helper Pepper a devoted blue heeler Ridgeview 41 Acres SOLD 75 Acre. Even more details and the eastern wild turkey constructs development. Broken Bow Waterfront Properties for Sale United Country. REAL ESTATE The median home farm in each Bow hook Real Estate 6300 Home appreciation the last 10 years has been 37. You for sale by owner financed properties is prime hunting land adjacent to check with all property listed as bow lake and hochatown, personal countryside escape. Tripadvisor finding the property for properties are standing in bow! Groups and property in oklahoma general area and sits on the lost creek area are you may discover an easy. Broken Bow OK real estate listings and homes for honest home. Travelocity has been easier to the family homes, llc is to the cabin building lots for lease situation is. Find property for oklahoma land. Just minutes from motivated sellers to hunt hogs, hiking trails southwest and appliances, texas real estate requirements in bow property for sale broken oklahoma? The broken bow cabins for properties for individuals with plenty of space for captcha below for dian jordan said, no rent out homes on front access. -
Guide to State and Local Census Geography
Guide to State and Local Census Geography Arkansas BASIC INFORMATION 2010 Census Population: 2,915,918 (32nd) Land Area: 52,035.5 square miles (27th) Density: 56.0 persons per square mile (34th) Capital: Little Rock Became a State: June 15, 1836 (25th) Bordering States: Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas Abbreviation: AR ANSI/FIPS Code: 05 HISTORY The United States acquired the area of Arkansas from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Arkansas Territory (spelled in the enabling act as Arkansaw) was organized from part of Missouri Territory on March 2, 1819, and included the greater part of Oklahoma, west to the 100th meridian. Arkansas Territory was reduced in area in 1824 and 1828 to generally assume the boundary of the present state. Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836, as the 25th state. Although the territory had not yet been established, census data are available for Arkansas beginning with the 1810 census (as part of Louisiana Territory). The 1810 and 1820 populations for Arkansas reflect the 1819 boundary of the territory, which included territory now in the state of Oklahoma. The population of the entire legally established Louisiana Territory (of which the area of Arkansas was a part) in 1810 was 20,845. Data for the legally established state of Arkansas are available beginning with the 1840 census. METROPOLITAN AND MICROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND RELATED STATISTICAL AREAS Arkansas has 8 metropolitan statistical areas, 14 micropolitan statistical areas, and 2 combined statistical areas. COUNTIES There are 75 counties in Arkansas. The governing body for each county consists of justices of the peace and a county judge. -
T.Y.B.A. Paper Iv Geography of Settlement © University of Mumbai
31 T.Y.B.A. PAPER IV GEOGRAPHY OF SETTLEMENT © UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Dr. Sanjay Deshmukh Vice Chancellor, University of Mumbai Dr.AmbujaSalgaonkar Dr.DhaneswarHarichandan Incharge Director, Incharge Study Material Section, IDOL, University of Mumbai IDOL, University of Mumbai Programme Co-ordinator : Anil R. Bankar Asst. Prof. CumAsst. Director, IDOL, University of Mumbai. Course Co-ordinator : Ajit G.Patil IDOL, Universityof Mumbai. Editor : Dr. Maushmi Datta Associated Prof, Dept. of Geography, N.K. College, Malad, Mumbai Course Writer : Dr. Hemant M. Pednekar Principal, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Onde, Vikramgad : Dr. R.B. Patil H.O.D. of Geography PondaghatArts & Commerce College. Kankavli : Dr. ShivramA. Thakur H.O.D. of Geography, S.P.K. Mahavidyalaya, Sawantiwadi : Dr. Sumedha Duri Asst. Prof. Dept. of Geography Dr. J.B. Naik, Arts & Commerce College & RPD Junior College, Sawantwadi May, 2017 T.Y.B.A. PAPER - IV,GEOGRAPHYOFSETTLEMENT Published by : Incharge Director Institute of Distance and Open Learning , University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Mumbai - 400 098. DTP Composed : Ashwini Arts Gurukripa Chawl, M.C. Chagla Marg, Bamanwada, Vile Parle (E), Mumbai - 400 099. Printed by : CONTENTS Unit No. Title Page No. 1 Geography of Rural Settlement 1 2. Factors of Affecting Rural Settlements 20 3. Hierarchy of Rural Settlements 41 4. Changing pattern of Rural Land use 57 5. Integrated Rural Development Programme and Self DevelopmentProgramme 73 6. Geography of Urban Settlement 83 7. Factors Affecting Urbanisation 103 8. Types of -
Choctaw Resistance to Removal (Part III) in May, Iti Fabvssa Began a Four Part Editor’S Note: This Not Fully Concluded for More Than 60 Years
BISKINIK | August 2014 11 Choctaw Resistance to Removal (Part III) In May, Iti Fabvssa began a four part Editor’s Note: This not fully concluded for more than 60 years. In 1845, as a partial series, looking at different ways the month’s Iti Fabvssa is result of investigation, Congress granted some of the Choctaws who Choctaw people resisted Removal from part three in a four part remained in Mississippi script for the amount of land they were our homeland and the Trail of Tears. Iti Fabussa entitled to under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek However, the series. First, we looked at armed resistance. full amount of script was redeemable only in Indian Territory Last month, we looked at ways Choctaw people resisted signing the (Oklahoma). Some Anglo-Americans quickly found ways of Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty that ceded the last of the Choctaw defrauding Choctaw people out of this script. Businesses were even homeland, setting up the Trail of Tears. This month, we focus on set up for that sole purpose (Reeves 1985:225). Choctaw individuals who, after the Treaty was signed, refused to Some Anglo-Americans used increasingly brutal tactics. remove from the homeland. Choctaws who remained in Mississippi had their houses burned Several articles of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek granted down, fences destroyed, and cattle sent in to graze down their land to named Choctaw individuals, to men bearing certain growing gardens. They were physically abused, chained, and even leadership titles in Choctaw society, to Choctaw people who had beaten to death (Tolbert 1958:66-67). -
Choctaw and Creek Removals
Chapter 6 Choctaw and Creek Removals The idea of indian removal as a government obligation first reared its head in 1802 when officials of the state of Georgia made an agreement with federal government officials. In the Georgia Compact, the state of Georgia gave up its claims to territorial lands west of that state in exchange for $1,250,000 and a promise that the federal government would abolish Indian title to Georgia lands as soon as possible. How seriously the government took its obligation to Georgia at the time of the agreement is unknown. The following year, however, the Louisiana Purchase was made, and almost immedi- ately, the trans-Mississippi area was seen by some as the answer to “The Indian Problem.” Not everyone agreed. Some congress- men argued that removal to the West was impractical because of land-hungry whites who could not be restrained from crossing the mighty river to obtain land. Although their conclusion was correct, it was probably made more in opposition to President Jefferson than from any real con- cern about the Indians or about practicality. Although some offers were made by government officials to officials of various tribes, little Pushmataha, Choctaw was done about removing the southeastern tribes before the War of 1812. warrior During that war several Indian tribes supported the British. After the war ended, many whites demanded that tribal lands be confiscated by Removals 67 the government as punishment for Indians’ treasonous activities. Many Americans included all tribes in their confiscationdemands , evidently feeling that all Indians were guilty, despite the fact that many tribes did not participate in the war. -
Tribal and House District Boundaries
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77