Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1939 Indian Place-Names in Mississippi. Lea Leslie Seale Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Seale, Lea Leslie, "Indian Place-Names in Mississippi." (1939). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7812. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7812 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the master^ and doctorfs degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Library are available for inspection* Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author* Bibliographical references may be noted3 but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission# Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work# A library which borrows this thesis for vise by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions, LOUISIANA. STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 119-a INDIAN PLACE-NAMES IN MISSISSIPPI A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisian© State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of English By Lea L # Seale M* A*, Louisiana State University* 1933 1 9 3 9 UMi Number: DP69190 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Dissociation Publishing UMI DP69190 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code uest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to thank Dr* William A* Head, Head of the Department, of English and Professor of the English Language and Literature, Louisiana State University, for his generous assistance in all departments of the preparation of this study* I wish also to thank Dr* Charles W, Pipkin, Dean of the Graduate School, Lou­ isiana State University, for making available to me funds which enabled me to conduct research among those Indians remaining in Mississippi* 3?abi»e ot c o m m o n t. ABSTRACT OT DISSF/RTAT XOlt, . ....... ir II. SYMBOLS AB2> A3BMVIA3JI02TS. riii III. IN!i?BOB0C!?IGH.......... ....... 1 IT. A BEIiSy HIS'POiUCAL AQGQVm OF IHBIAB TRIMS IM MISSISSIPPI * ? T. LIS'? OF NAMES............ ... ...... S3 TI. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 316 VIX. ABBSHDA ATO CORRtGBNBA............ 323 Till. BIOGRAPHY, .................... 325 ABSTftAOT Seale* Le® X*e®lle* {Ph.* D«, English) Spring, 1939 BTsswtRtton directed l>yTro?®9aor William A, Hand* (Pageo In thesis* 221* ^ords In abstract* 635) This study is concerned with the origin and meaning of Indian geographic names in Mississippi — only* however# of those names which are derived from the dialects of the tribe© that at some time were settled within the Mississippi Territory* Imported names* brought into ^leslsaippl from other geographical sections by white settlers* and pseudo* Indian names are not treated* Pronunciation® of names ©re given when reasonably accurate data were available* fie the primary ate of th® study is linguistic* no greet deni of attention has been given to tb® history and legend of those Indian tribes which have lived in the ter­ ritory now comprising the state of Mississippi* Inspiration for conducting such mm investigation has been provided by the hope that In time m complete collection of all geographic names derived from, the dia­ lects of the S'uskhogesn family may be achieved* A In the preparation of this dissertation* free tise has been mad© of ©11 publication® concerned with Indian place—nemos end. with tb© history of the Indian tribes In the fbrXf States* tfuch use has been m d e ©Iso of maps of the iv Mississippi Territory and of the sectional stu^veyo of the 0* a* Department of Agriculture and of the T7* 3* nmt* Department# 3**© spellings employed upon early maps and. In ©srly documents have been the principal clue to the orlg** inal forms of the names# Frequently# in the case of at reams# eighteenth and nineteenth century cartographera have given the English translation beside the Indian designation# Tin* fortunately# however# the translation ia not always quite accurate* A© most Indian geogra.ph.te names In Mississippi ere derived from the Choctaw# interpretation becomes rather simple as soon as anything like the original form is reached.# for w© ere vary fortunate in having nn excellent dictionary of the Choctaw language* Scarcely half of the Indian nemos which regain to-day In Mississippi appear on the earlier maps* however* Only the principal watercourses are deslfmated# and only the names of those towns which were built upon the sites of Indian villages* or which rare Inn .tan villages at the time the maps war© being made# are recorded* Conrequently It has been necessary to supplement investigation; of documents and maps with a considerable amount of field research* "bocal infcro®hion" la very often particularly In* nor tent in arriving at accurate in t ft rpr c t ^ t Ion s of place** names* For example# the name Talla Ha is. .may be derived from v «itber Choctaw tall M s M , "atajwSlng m l r B , ” or Choc taw tala hijj^y.* M standing palmettos©#A© there Is no docu- menfcary information concerning this name, It rose©ins only to inquire as to whether there Is* or there wee, & pro­ fusion of palmettos© or of boulder© In the ares through wMeh Tall© Hal© ©reek flow© to determine the correct so­ lution of the name to he nstanding rocks*w Perhaps even more Important than "local information" are the bits of information which the older Choctaws who hsve remained in Mississippi and the Imuvaerabls Indian— lore enthusiast© have contributed* Through more then two centuries, the Spanish, the French, end the British have bandied about the Indian gso- graphic name© of the titalf States, so that, even before the modern American began adroitly to apply the finishing torches of corruption, many of these rmmmn h e w lost sight c ^ ?'letcly of the original forms* To certain natural forces In len-guare development, ©neb as folk etymology, assimi­ lation, elision, and analogy, numerous other Influence© which defy classification have added their bit to hastening corruption of forms beyond the point of their being recog­ nized. as Indian names* Indian place—names remain one of the few memorials of © noble people which Is rapidly being swept vi «wayt and It nomn& but fitting that use should spend sosi« effort to preserve thaa« &s a Monument* to the civilization of tbat people* In any 3 & m # suoh la the purpoao of this monograph « vii SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Present-day pronunciations of the place-names are indicated by the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, In the transcription of the Indian sources, the vowels and consonants have, In most cases, th© value of equivalent Continental sounds. Particular attention is called, however, to the following details: a 2 U in ’’cutlf ai = ji in fftimo” an = nasal & ch =r ch In “chin*1 h+conaonnnt = ch in German rrauch” ln = nasal i. J[ = jl in "Jest" % ^ voiceless 1 on ^ nasal o un -nasal u tj = back nasal For the most part, the abbreviations employed In tvis study will be readily understood. Perhaps the following should be noted, however: BA..^ Bureau of American Ethnology '•■ D /l It ■ J. £1. *«•••• Misaisaippi Provincial Archives PAFS Publication of the Alabama H istoric? .1 Society p ? m s .... Publication of the Mississippi Historical Society* viii INTRODUCTION The principal concern of this study is linguistic; consequently, no great deal of attention has been given to the history and legend of those Indian tribes which have lived in the territory now comprising the state of Missis­ sippi. The particular interest is with the origin and the meaning of Indian geographic names — only, however, of those names which are derived from the dialects of the tribes that at some time were settled within th© Mississippi Territory. Imported names, such as Eutaw and Shawnee, which have been brought Into Mississippi from other states, and artificial forms, or pseudo-Indian names, as Areola and Pinola, are not treated. Pronunciations of names are given only when reasonably accurate data were available. As the geographic names of Indian origin which are found in Mississippi are for the most part derived from the Choctaw, the linguistic observations which constitute the major part of this section of ray study are concerned primarily with that language. However, particular references to the Choctaw language may become s;i7eeplngly general (within the Gulf Coast area), because Choctaw and Chick­ asaw show only very slight divergences, because Choctaw provides the foundation for the Mobllian language, and because rnany