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CS Gas (2-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrole) General Information
CS Gas (2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrole) General Information Key Points 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrole or “CS” is a white crystalline solid when pure it is used by UK police forces as a temporary incapacitant spray when released, CS gas will disperse into the atmosphere in a matter of minutes exposure to CS gas may cause intense tear production, eye pain, chest tightness, coughing and sneezing skin contact will lead to burning and stinging with possible redness and blistering treatment is rarely needed because people usually recover within 15-20 minutes physical injury to the eyes may occur if CS gas is sprayed directly into them at a very close range PHE publications gateway number: 2014790 Published: October 2018 Compendium of Chemical Hazards: CS Gas (2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrole) Public Health Questions What is CS gas and what is it used for? 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrole or “CS” is a white crystalline solid when pure. The substance causes irritation in humans and is used by UK police forces as a temporary incapacitant spray to subdue persons who pose a risk to themselves and/or the police officers and others in the vicinity. It may be dispersed in a smoke cloud or dissolved into liquid (e.g. the solvent methyl iso-butyl ketone) to be used as a spray. The CS spray carried by some UK police forces contains 5% 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrole. It is also used by the military in training operations and for testing gas masks. These substances may be referred to as CS or tear spray/gas (not to be confused with PAVA spray which is also be referred to as tear spray/gas). -
Pepperspray, CS, & Other 'Less-Lethal' Weapons
CONTENTS: Protective Measures: p.26-27 Pepperspray: p.2-9, 14-15 Chemical Data Table: p.30 CS/CN: p.10-16 Risk Groups: p.14-15 When to do what / Other Gas Types: p. 12 Asthma: p.14 treatment algorithm: p.4 Rubber Bullets: p.19-21 Nightsticks/Batons: p.17 LAW: p.6 Concussion Grenades: p.22 CR: p.12 VOFIBA: p.7 Fear: p.24 CA: p.12 Making Remedies: p.13 Tasers: p.18 DM: p.12 Sample Card for Handing Out: Shamelessly adapted from the Black Cross Radical Health Collective, www.blackcrosscollective.org If your condition is worsening, go to an emergency room. Basic preparations: Stick with your buddy. Pepperspray, CS, & Other Work with an affinity group. Bring water. Vulnerable people like asthmatics may want to “Less-Lethal” Weapons (your logo here) avoid chemical weapons. You must remove small children from the area BEFORE Used by Rioting Police to Suppress Dissent chemical weapons are used. Check out our w h e n P o l i t r i c k s & Te l e v i s i o n f a i l t o d o s o . website <www.---.org> for lots more info on how to prepare. v3.3 Useful Numbers: Serious injuries: If you don’t know how to treat Medical Emergency: 911 an injury, get a medic, or call 911. Don’t treat Copwatch: 123-4560 someone if you don’t know how. If you are Convergence Ctr Aid Station:123-4567 injured by the police, get to a nurse practitioner, Aftercare Clinic: 123-4568 physician’s assistant, or doctor immediately Legal Team: 123-4565 and have your injury documented in case you Public Defenders: 123-4569 decide to sue. -
Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Headquarters, Joint Task Force - Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO) Guantanamo Bay, Cuba 28 March 2003 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Intentionally Left Blank Camp Delta SOP 28 March 2003 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Headquarters Joint Detention Operations Group (JDOG) Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO) Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Effective 28 March 2003 28 March 2003 Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) By Order of the Commander procedures established herein apply to Supplementation. the services and agencies that Supplementation of this SOP and function in, and support thereof, establishment of command or local GEOFFREY D. MILLER detainee operations at JTF-GTMO in forms is prohibited without prior Major General, United States Army general and Camp Delta specifically. approval of the JDOG Commander, JTF-GTMO Applicability. This is a multi- Commander. service, multi-agency set of standard Suggested Improvements. Users Official: operating procedures. It applies to the are invited to send comments and Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine suggested improvements through ADOLPH MCQUEEN Corps, and Coast Guard as well as their chain of command to the Colonel, Military Police United States Government JDOG S3 for proper consideration Commander, JDOG organizations and international non- and staffing. governmental organizations operating Interim Changes. Policies and inside Camp Delta 1 - 3. procedures will be reviewed every History. This is a revised update to Proponent and exception authority. 120 days. Any interim changes the Joint Task Force Guantanamo The proponent of this set of operating will be signed by the JDOG (JTF-GTMO) standard operating procedures and special orders is the Commander and posted to the front procedures (SOP) for Camp Delta. -
Veterinary Toxicology
GINTARAS DAUNORAS VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY Lecture notes and classes works Study kit for LUHS Veterinary Faculty Foreign Students LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 Lietuvos sveikatos moksl ų universitetas Veterinarijos akademija Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra Gintaras Daunoras VETERINARIN Ė TOKSIKOLOGIJA Paskait ų konspektai ir praktikos darb ų aprašai Mokomoji knyga LSMU Veterinarijos fakulteto užsienio studentams LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 UDK Dau Apsvarstyta: LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedros pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 20 d., protokolo Nr. 01 LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto tarybos pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 28 d., protokolo Nr. 08 Recenzavo: doc. dr. Alius Pockevi čius LSMU VA Užkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra dr. Aidas Grigonis LSMU VA Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra CONTENTS Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7 SECTION I. Lecture notes ………………………………………………………………………. 8 1. GENERAL VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY ……….……………………………………….. 8 1.1. Veterinary toxicology aims and tasks ……………………………………………………... 8 1.2. EC and Lithuanian legal documents for hazardous substances and pollution ……………. 11 1.3. Classification of poisons ……………………………………………………………………. 12 1.4. Chemicals classification and labelling ……………………………………………………… 14 2. Toxicokinetics ………………………………………………………………………...………. 15 2.2. Migration of substances through biological membranes …………………………………… 15 2.3. ADME notion ………………………………………………………………………………. 15 2.4. Possibilities of poisons entering into an animal body and methods of absorption ……… 16 2.5. Poison distribution -
The Veterinarian's Guide
The Veterinarian’s Guide Bromethalin Addendum The Soft Bait Innovators™ Liphatech, Inc. • 3600 W. Elm Street • Milwaukee, WI 53209 • 1-888-331-7900 • www.liphatech.com NOTE: The information in this guide does not represent labeling and does not replace information on rodenticide labels relating to exposure of non-target species. Please read and follow all label directions on all rodenticide products you are using. Mentions of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of these products. Assault® is a registered trademark of PM Resources (St. Louis, MO) TakeDown™ and Cannon™ are trademarks of Liphatech, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI) Gunslinger® is a registered trademark of Liphatech, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI) Fastrac® is a registered trademark of Bell Labs (Madison, WI) Top Gun™ is a trademark of JT Eaton (Twinsburg, OH) Tomcat® and Rampage® are registered trademarks of Motomco (Madison, WI) Trounce® is a registered trademark of Agricultural Feeds (St. Louis, MO) At the time of this printing all information was deemed accurate and reliable. Liphatech, Inc. 3600 W. Elm Street Milwaukee, WI 53209 1-888-331-7900 www.liphatech.com October, 2016 The Veterinarian’s Guide - Bromethalin Addendum The Veterinarian’s Guide to Accidental Rodenticide Ingestion by Dogs and Cats focuses on anticoagulants. This addendum is intended to help veterinarians recognize and treat the symptoms of bromethalin toxicity in domestic animals. It describes bromethalin’s mode of action and how it is used as a rodenticide. In addition to reviewing the symptoms of bromethalin poisoning in domestic animals and the acute toxicity levels for dogs and cats (Table 5), we have also included the American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals’ Animal Poison Control Center (ASPCA APCC) recommendations for decontamination (Tables 6 and 7). -
Pepper Spray: What Do We Have to Expect?
Pepper Spray: What Do We Have to Expect? Assoc. Prof. Mehmet Akif KARAMERCAN, MD Gazi University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Presentation Plan • History • Pepper Spray • Tear Gas • Symptoms • Medical Treatment • If you are the victim ??? History • PEPPER SPRAY ▫ OC (oleoresin of capsicum) (Most Commonly Used Compound) • TEAR GAS ▫ CN (chloroacetophenone) (German scientists 1870 World War I and II) ▫ CS (orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile) (US Army adopted in 1959) ▫ CR (dibenzoxazepine) (British Ministry of Defence 1950-1960) History of Pepper Spray • Red Chili Pepper was being used for self defense in ancient India - China - Japan (Ninjas). ▫ Throw it at the faces of their enemies, opponents, or intruders. • Japan Tukagawa Empire police used a weapon called the "metsubishi." • Accepted as a weapon ▫ incapacitate a person temporarily. • Pepper as a weapon 14th and 15th century for slavery rampant and became a popular method for torturing people (criminals, slaves). History of Pepper Spray • 1980's The USA Postal Workers started using pepper sprays against dogs, bears and other pets and became a legalized non-lethal weapon ▫ Pepper spray is also known as oleoresin of capsicum (OC) spray • The FBI in 1987 endorse it as an official chemical agent and it took 4 years it could be legally accepted by law enforcement agency. Pepper Spray • The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived from the fruit of plants of chilis. • Extraction of Oleoresin Capsicum from peppers ▫ capsicum to be finely ground, capsaicin is then extracted using an organic solvent (ethanol). The solvent is then evaporated, remaining waxlike resin is the Oleoresin Capsicum • Propylene Glycol is used to suspend the OC in water, pressurized to make it aerosol in Pepper Spray. -
Bromethalin Ingestion
PEEER REVR IEWEWED PRACTICAL TOXICOLOGY The Decontamination Dilemma: Bromethalin Ingestion Renee Tourdot, DVM, ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center shutterstock.com/Ysbrand Cosijn Bromethalin-based rodenticide bait exposures have become increasingly common since the Welcome to Practical Toxicology, brought to you in 1 partnership between Today’s Veterinary Practice and product became available in 1985. In 2015, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) the American Society for the Prevention of (www.aspcapro.org/poison). This column provides practical clinical information about diagnosing and Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control treating pets that have been exposed to potentially Center received 2791 calls regarding exposures harmful substances. to bromethalin-based rodenticides.2 The APCC: • Provides 24-hour diagnostic and treatment Exposures to this toxin present a unique challenge recommendations by specially trained veterinary to clinicians. Once signs of convulsant syndrome—a toxicologists neurologic syndrome caused by bromethalin • Protects and improves animal lives through toxicology toxicosis—have developed, prognosis for recovery is education, consulting services, and case data review poor.3,4 Therefore, most clinicians seem aware that • Developed and maintains AnTox, an animal toxicology database system that identifies and characterizes prompt and aggressive decontamination measures toxic effects of substances in animals must be taken. However, if decontamination • Works closely with human poison control centers to is too aggressive, iatrogenic hypernatremia can provide animal poisoning information develop, and clinical hypernatremia can be just as • Offers extensive veterinary life-threatening as a large bromethalin exposure. toxicology consulting to organizations in industry, government, and agriculture. To further complicate matters, clinical signs of hypernatremia can appear similar to the neurologic If treating a patient that 5 requires emergency care for signs caused by bromethalin. -
Half Way Down the Trail to Hell
Half Way Down The Trail To Hell A Wartime Remembrance in Three Parts By Stephen E. Kirkland i Prologue “The danger, being around veterans, the memories are so selective and so heroic that you’ve got to be careful talking to a guy like me.” George Herbert Walker Bush A while back I discovered the Library of Congress is conducting a program called The Veterans History Project. The mission of the project is the collection and preservation of veteran’s wartime recollections and documents before they are lost forever. Like many wartime veterans, I concentrated on getting on with my life. I needed a job that would allow me to marry, buy a house and raise a family. I didn’t feel anything I had experienced in Vietnam would contribute to these goals, and I felt that, for the most part, people who hadn’t served didn’t know or even care what I had seen or done. The country’s attitude was different than with the Gulf War veterans and I deflected the few inquires that were made, especially the ones that contained the words “Did ya’ kill anybody?” I was too busy dealing with the present to spend a lot of time staring into the past. Now, almost four decades after returning home, the time has come to look back and try to recreate a piece of personal history, albeit history filtered though my water colored memories. I’ve relied on a number of sources for this remembrance, not the least of which were letters that I wrote home. -
RRAC Guidelines on Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Management Editor: Rodenticide Resistance Action Committee (RRAC) of Croplife International Aim
RRAC guidelines on Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Management Editor: Rodenticide Resistance Action Committee (RRAC) of CropLife International Aim This document provides guidance to advisors, national authorities, professionals, practitioners and others on the nature of anticoagulant resistance in rodents, the identification of anticoagulant resistance, strategies for rodenticide application that will avoid the development of resistance and the management of resistance where it occurs. The Rodenticide Resistance Action Committee (RRAC) is a working group within the framework of CropLife International. Participating companies include: Bayer CropScience, BASF, LiphaTech S. A., PelGar, Rentokil Initial, Syngenta and Zapi. Senior technical specialists, with specific expertise in rodenticides, represent their companies on this committee. The RRAC is grateful to the following co-authors: Stefan Endepols, Alan Buckle, Charlie Eason, Hans-Joachim Pelz, Adrian Meyer, Philippe Berny, Kristof Baert and Colin Prescott. Photos provided by Stefan Endepols. Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 2. Classification and history of rodenticide compounds ..............................................................................................3 3. Mode of action of anticoagulant rodenticides, resistance mechanisms, and resistance mutations ......................................................................................................6 -
Question of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium Oxalate Is a Widespread Toxin Found in Many Species of Plants
Question Of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium oxalate is a widespread toxin found in many species of plants. What is the needle shaped crystal containing calcium oxalate called and what is the compilation of these structures known as? Answer: The needle shaped plant-based crystals containing calcium oxalate are known as raphides. A compilation of raphides forms the structure known as an idioblast. (Lim CS et al. Atlas of select poisonous plants and mushrooms. 2016 Disease-a-Month 62(3):37-66) Friday, December 2, 2016 Question: Which oral chelating agent has been reported to cause transient increases in plasma ALT activity in some patients as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions? Answer: Orally administered dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been reported to cause transient increases in ALT activity as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions. (Bradberry S et al. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. 2009 Q J Med 102:721-732) Thursday, December 1, 2016 Question: What is Clioquinol and why was it withdrawn from the market during the 1970s? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Between the 1950s and 1970s Clioquinol was used to treat and prevent intestinal parasitic disease [intestinal amebiasis].” “In the early 1970s Clioquinol was withdrawn from the market as an oral agent due to an association with sub-acute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japanese patients. SMON is a syndrome that involves sensory and motor disturbances in the lower limbs as well as visual changes that are due to symmetrical demyelination of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves. -
A Study for Health Hazard Evaluation of Methylene Chloride Evaporated from the Tear Gas Mixture
Saf Health Work 2010;1:98-101 | DOI:10.5491/SHAW.2010.1.1.98 pISSN : 2093-7911 eISSN : 2093-7997 Case Report A Study for Health Hazard Evaluation of Methylene Chloride Evaporated from the Tear Gas Mixture Seung-Hyun PARK, Eun-Kyo CHUNG, Gwang-Yong YI, Kwang-Jae CHUNG, Jung-Ah SHIN and In-Seop LEE Department of Occupational Environment Research, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Incheon, Korea This study explored the health hazard of those exposed to methylene chloride by assessing its atmospheric concentration when a tear gas mixture was aerially dispersed. The concentration of methylene chloride ranged from 311.1–980.3 ppm (geometric mean, 555.8 ppm), 30 seconds after the dispersion started. However, the concentration fell rapidly to below 10 ppm after dispersion was completed. The concentration during the dispersion did not surpass the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ‘immediately dangerous to life or health’ value of 2,300 ppm, but did exceed the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists excursion limit of 250 ppm. Since methylene chloride is highly volatile (vapor pressure, 349 mmHg at 20oC), the post- dispersion atmospheric concentration can rise instantaneously. Moreover, the o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile formulation of tear gas (CS gas) is an acute upper respiratory tract irritant. Therefore, tear gas mixtures should be handled with delicate care. Key Words: Methylene chloride, CS tear gas, Tear gas mixture, Health hazard evaluation Introduction Despite this long history of use, CS gas has recently come under greater scrutiny since it can be applied as a mixture that Tear gases such as o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS), contains a suspected human carcinogen, methylene chloride. -
Facts on File DICTIONARY of CHEMISTRY
The Facts On File DICTIONARY of CHEMISTRY The Facts On File DICTIONARY of CHEMISTRY Fourth Edition Edited by John Daintith The Facts On File Dictionary of Chemistry Fourth Edition Copyright © 2005, 1999 by Market House Books Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 For Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, please contact Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-5649-8 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Compiled and typeset by Market House Books Ltd, Aylesbury, UK Printed in the United States of America MP PKG 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. PREFACE This dictionary is one of a series designed for use in schools. It is intended for stu- dents of chemistry, but we hope that it will also be helpful to other science students and to anyone interested in science. Facts On File also publishes dictionaries in a variety of disciplines, including biology, physics, mathematics, forensic science, weather and climate, marine science, and space and astronomy.