DOCSLIB.ORG

Question of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium Oxalate Is a Widespread Toxin Found in Many Species of Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Question Of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium oxalate is a widespread toxin found in many species of plants. What is the needle shaped crystal containing calcium oxalate called and what is the compilation of these structures known as? Answer: The needle shaped plant-based crystals containing calcium oxalate are known as raphides. A compilation of raphides forms the structure known as an idioblast. (Lim CS et al. Atlas of select poisonous plants and mushrooms. 2016 Disease-a-Month 62(3):37-66) Friday, December 2, 2016 Question: Which oral chelating agent has been reported to cause transient increases in plasma ALT activity in some patients as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions? Answer: Orally administered dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been reported to cause transient increases in ALT activity as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions. (Bradberry S et al. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. 2009 Q J Med 102:721-732) Thursday, December 1, 2016 Question: What is Clioquinol and why was it withdrawn from the market during the 1970s? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Between the 1950s and 1970s Clioquinol was used to treat and prevent intestinal parasitic disease [intestinal amebiasis].” “In the early 1970s Clioquinol was withdrawn from the market as an oral agent due to an association with sub-acute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japanese patients. SMON is a syndrome that involves sensory and motor disturbances in the lower limbs as well as visual changes that are due to symmetrical demyelination of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves. The majority of symptoms were reversible, but permanent disability has been reported in 1000 of the 10,000 total cases of SMON noted in Japan over the two decades the drug was in use.” (Mao X and Schimmer AD. The toxicology of Clioquinol. 2008 Toxicology Letters 182:1-6) Wednesday, November 30, 2016 Question: A worker, who's job involves grinding magnets, is diagnosed with bilateral optic atrophy, retinopathy and bilateral nerve deafness. Which metal is the likely culprit? Answer: As described in the cited reference “Cobalt exerts well-known and documented toxic effects on the thyroid, heart and the hematopoietic system, in addition to the occupational lung disease, allergic manifestations and a probably carcinogenic action. Cobalt neurotoxicity is reported in isolated cases, and it has never been systematically treated. Bilateral optic atrophy and retinopathy, bilateral nerve deafness and sensory-motor polyneuropathy have been described long ago as a result of chronic occupational exposure to cobalt powder or during long-term treatment of anemia with cobalt chloride. (Catalani S et. al. Neurotoxicity of cobalt. 2012 Human Exp Tox 31(5): 421-437) Tuesday, November 29, 2016 Question: Prolonged alcohol use is the second most common cause for the development of acute pancreatitis (with the presence of gallstones being the most common cause for acute pancreatitis). What role does the type of alcohol ingested and/or the act of binge drinking of alcohol play in the development of acute pancreatitis? Answer: According to the cited reference “the type of alcohol ingested does not affect risk and binge drinking in the absence of long-term, heavy alcohol use does not appear to precipitate acute pancreatitis.” (Forsmark CE et al. Acute pancreatitis. 2016 NEJM 375:1972-1981 and Phillip V et al. Incidence of acute pancreatitis does not increase during Oktoberfest, but is higher than previously described in Germany. 2011 Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9(11): 995-1000.e3 Monday, November 28, 2016 Question: “Megacolon”, defined as dilatation of the colon greater than 6 cm in one or more colonic segments can be seen in individuals suffering from chronic spinal cord injury. What are the toxicologic/pharmacologic issues that may predispose to the development of megacolon in the face of chronic spinal cord injury? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Factors significantly associated with megacolon were older age, longer duration of injury, symptom of abdominal distension, radiological constipation, urinary outlet surgery, laxative use at least once weekly, use of anticholinergic drugs, and use of calcium-containing antacids…………Independent correlates of megacolon were more than 10 years elapsed since acute injury, age over 50 years, and use of > or = 4 laxative doses per month.” (Harar D and Minaker KL. Megacolon in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. 2000 Spinal Cord 38:331-339) Friday, November 25, 2016 Question: Some have postulated a link between metal on metal joint arthroplasties and the development of a variety of cancers. What is the evidence for a causal link between cancer and metal on metal joint replacements? Answer: Credible evidence has not been developed to support the notion that metal on metal arthroplasties cause cancer. One study reported on 110,792 total hip and 29,800 total knee arthroplasties and found no causal link between cancer development and metal on metal arthroplasties. (Therani R et al. The risk of cancer following total hip or knee arthroplasty. 2001 J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 83-A: 774-780) Thursday, November 24, 2016 Question: Which areas of the brain are considered to be the primary brain regions involved in substance use disorders? Answer: According to the recently promulgated U.S. Surgeon Generals Report on Alcohol, Drugs and Health (Facing Addiction in America), …”the key components of networks that are intimately involved in the development and persistence of substance use disorders are the basal ganglia, the extended amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. The basal ganglia control the rewarding or pleasurable, effects of substance use and are also responsible for the formation of habitual substance taking. The extended amygdala is involved in stress and the feelings of unease, anxiety, and irritability that typically accompany substance withdrawal. The prefrontal cortex is involved in executive function (i.e., the ability to organize thoughts and activities, prioritize tasks, manage time, and make decisions), including exerting control over substance taking. These brain areas and their associated networks are not solely involved in substance use disorders. Indeed, these systems are broadly integrated and serve many critical roles in helping humans and other animals survive. ( https://addiction.surgeongeneral.gov/chapter-2-neurobiology.pdf; accessed November 2016) Wednesday, November 23, 2016 Question: What factors are thought to exacerbate the development of QT prolongation in patients suffering from acute promyleocytic leukemia (APL) who are treated with arsenic trioxide? Answer: According to the cited reference “Because most of the patients receiving arsenic trioxide have been [previously] exposed to cardiotoxic chemotherapy [including all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline based drugs], cardiac dysfunction is thought to be universal before arsenic trioxide therapy begins. In addition, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia are among the most common arsenic trioxide-related side effects. Thus it has been proposed that QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias associated with arsenic could be exacerbated by concurrent electrolyte disturbances or previous chemotherapy-induced cardiac damage.” (Drolet B et al. Unusual effects of a QT prolonging drug, arsenic trioxide on cardiac potassium currents. 2004 Circulation 109:26-29) Tuesday, November 22, 2016 Question: What is the most common cause of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? What is the current management for this problem? Answer: According to the cited reference, “The most common cause of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is long-term lithium treatment. The management of lithium- induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is challenging, even when the drug is discontinued and therapy is changed to thiazide diuretics, amiloride, and reduced sodium intake. Amiloride inhibits lithium entry into renal collecting-duct cells through the epithelial sodium channel. Thiazide diuretics and a low-sodium diet result in hypovolemia-induced activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone which stimulates proximal tubule sodium and water resorption resulting in less volume delivery to the distal nephron.” (Gordon CE et al. Acetazolamide in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 2016 NEJM 375:2008-2009 and Sands JM and Bichet DG. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:186-94) Monday, November 21, 2016 Question: What is Bismacine? Answer: According to the cited reference (dated July 2006) “FDA notified healthcare professionals and consumers not to use an injectable product called Bismacine, also known as Chromacine. Bismacine is not a pharmaceutical and has not been approved to treat any condition; however, it is being prescribed or administered by doctors of "alternative health" to treat Lyme disease. This product contains high amounts of bismuth, a heavy metal that is used in some medications taken by mouth to treat Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria that can cause stomach ulcers. However, Bismacine is not approved in any form for use by injection. The FDA is investigating one report of a death and several reports of injury related to the administration of Bismacine. Individuals who believe they have suffered adverse events from receiving Bismacine should seek medical attention. Possible effects of bismuth poisoning include
Recommended publications
  • Drug Interactions of Some Commonly Used Drugs in Dermatology

    Drug Interactions of Some Commonly Used Drugs in Dermatology

    Table Drug interactions of some commonly used drugs in dermatology M. J. Cyriac Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical College, Kottayam, India. Address for correspondence: Dr. M. J. Cyriac, Professor and Head, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical College, Kottayam, India. E-mail: [email protected] Drug interactions leading to serious adverse effects are alternative medicines or food should also be borne in to be cautiously watched for when multiple drugs are mind.2 Increased risk of drug induced toxicity or used simultaneously.1 It is important for the physician therapeutic failure can occur when a new drug is added to be aware of these interactions. Although in many to a treatment regimen. It is impossible to remember instances the adverse interaction does not reach a all possible drug interactions. A ready to refer checklist magnitude of recognizable clinical expression, rarely is useful as a handy reference. it can result in a serious adverse outcome. Some of the commonly used drugs in dermatology and Adverse drug interactions may lead to increased their interactions, resultant clinical effect and possible toxicity, decreased efficacy or both. The possibility of underlying mechanisms are given in Table 1. Table 2 lists interaction with non-prescription drugs, herbal or the drugs with their relative risk for inducing interactions. Table 1: Drug interactions of some commonly used drugs Drug Interacting drug Adverse effect Remarks Erythromycin/Clarithromycin Theophylline Theophylline toxicity Precipitates
  • Review of Market for Octane Enhancers

    Review of Market for Octane Enhancers

    May 2000 • NREL/SR-580-28193 Review of Market for Octane Enhancers Final Report J.E. Sinor Consultants, Inc. Niwot, Colorado National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 May 2000 • NREL/SR-580-28193 Review of Market for Octane Enhancers Final Report J.E. Sinor Consultants, Inc. Niwot, Colorado NREL Technical Monitor: K. Ibsen Prepared under Subcontract No. TXE-0-29113-01 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.doe.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S.
  • Perceptions of Powdered Alcohol and Intentions to Use: an Exploratory Qualitative Assessment of Potential Palcohol Use by Young Adults

    Perceptions of Powdered Alcohol and Intentions to Use: an Exploratory Qualitative Assessment of Potential Palcohol Use by Young Adults

    Beverages 2015, 1, 329-340; doi:10.3390/beverages1040329 OPEN ACCESS beverages ISSN 2306-5710 www.mdpi.com/journal/beverages Article Perceptions of Powdered Alcohol and Intentions to Use: An Exploratory Qualitative Assessment of Potential Palcohol Use by Young Adults John Stogner 1,*, Julie M. Baldwin 2, Timothy Brown 3 and Taylor Chick 1 1 Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University Boulevard., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Strong Hall Room. 226, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Ross Hall 5th Floor, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-704-687-8446; Fax: +1-704-687-5285. Academic Editor: Edgar Chambers IV Received: 14 October 2015 / Accepted: 17 November 2015 / Published: 1 December 2015 Abstract: While there seems to be growing media intrigue over atypical forms of alcohol use, the utilization of the majority of novel consumption methods (e.g., eyeballing, slimming, alcohol without liquid (AWOL)) seems minimal. In 2014, however, several outlets suggested that powdered alcohol would soon surface as a threat to public safety. The impetus of these fears was the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau’s approval for Lipsmark LLC to package a powdered alcohol product named “Palcohol”. Palcohol has yet to reach store shelves, but public outcry has been intense.
  • 10 Arthropods and Corpses

    10 Arthropods and Corpses

    Arthropods and Corpses 207 10 Arthropods and Corpses Mark Benecke, PhD CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY AND EARLY CASEWORK WOUND ARTIFACTS AND UNUSUAL FINDINGS EXEMPLARY CASES: NEGLECT OF ELDERLY PERSONS AND CHILDREN COLLECTION OF ARTHROPOD EVIDENCE DNA FORENSIC ENTOMOTOXICOLOGY FURTHER ARTIFACTS CAUSED BY ARTHROPODS REFERENCES SUMMARY The determination of the colonization interval of a corpse (“postmortem interval”) has been the major topic of forensic entomologists since the 19th century. The method is based on the link of developmental stages of arthropods, especially of blowfly larvae, to their age. The major advantage against the standard methods for the determination of the early postmortem interval (by the classical forensic pathological methods such as body temperature, post- mortem lividity and rigidity, and chemical investigations) is that arthropods can represent an accurate measure even in later stages of the postmortem in- terval when the classical forensic pathological methods fail. Apart from esti- mating the colonization interval, there are numerous other ways to use From: Forensic Pathology Reviews, Vol. 2 Edited by: M. Tsokos © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 207 208 Benecke arthropods as forensic evidence. Recently, artifacts produced by arthropods as well as the proof of neglect of elderly persons and children have become a special focus of interest. This chapter deals with the broad range of possible applications of entomology, including case examples and practical guidelines that relate to history, classical applications, DNA typing, blood-spatter arti- facts, estimation of the postmortem interval, cases of neglect, and entomotoxicology. Special reference is given to different arthropod species as an investigative and criminalistic tool. Key Words: Arthropod evidence; forensic science; blowflies; beetles; colonization interval; postmortem interval; neglect of the elderly; neglect of children; decomposition; DNA typing; entomotoxicology.
  • Formation of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules from Aromatic Compounds

    Formation of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules from Aromatic Compounds

    Formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules from aromatic compounds. Ugo Molteni1, Federico Bianchi1-2, Felix Klein1, Imad El Haddad1, Carla Frege1, Michel J. Rossi1, Josef Dommen1, Urs Baltensperger1,* 5 1Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland 2Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Correspondence to: Urs Baltensperger ([email protected]) Abstract 10 Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) often dominate the urban atmosphere and consist to a large degree of aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHC), such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes, e.g. from handling and combustion of fuels. These compounds are important precursors for the formation of secondary organic aerosol. Despite their recognized importance as atmospheric reactants, the formation of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) in the gas phase leading to (extremely) low volatility compounds has not been studied in the past. Here we show that oxidation of 15 aromatics with OH leads to a subsequent autoxidation chain reaction forming HOMs with an O:C ratio of up to 1.09. This is exemplified for five single-ring ArHC (benzene, toluene, o-/m-/p-xylene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) and ethylbenzene), as well as two conjugated polycyclic ArHC (naphthalene and biphenyl). We present the identified compounds, differences in the observed oxidation patterns and discuss mechanistic pathways. We report the elemental composition of the HOMs and show the differences in the oxidation patterns of these ArHCs. A potential pathway for the 20 formation of these HOMs from aromatics is presented and discussed. We hypothesize that AVOC may contribute substantially to new particle formation events that have been detected in urban areas.
  • Factors Influencing Pesticide Resistance in Psylla Pyricola Foerster and Susceptibility Inits Mirid

    Factors Influencing Pesticide Resistance in Psylla Pyricola Foerster and Susceptibility Inits Mirid

    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF: Hugo E. van de Baan for the degree ofDoctor of Philosopbv in Entomology presented on September 29, 181. Title: Factors Influencing Pesticide Resistance in Psylla pyricola Foerster and Susceptibility inits Mirid Predator, Deraeocoris brevis Knight. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Factors influencing pesticide susceptibility and resistance were studied in Psylla pyricola Foerster, and its mirid predator, Deraeocoris brevis Knight in the Rogue River Valley, Oregon. Factors studied were at the biochemical, life history, and population ecology levels. Studies on detoxification enzymes showed that glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities were ca. 1.6-fold higherin susceptible R. brevis than in susceptible pear psylla, however, esterase activity was ca. 5-fold lower. Esterase activity was ca. 18-fold higher in resistant pear psylla than in susceptible D. brevis, however, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities were similar. Esterases seem to be a major factor conferring insecticideresistance in P. Pvricola. Although the detoxification capacities of P. rivricola and D. brevis were quite similar, pear psylla has developed resistance to many insecticides in the Rogue River Valley, whereas D. brevis has remained susceptible. Biochemical factors may be important in determining the potential of resistance development, however, they are less important in determining the rate at which resistance develops. Computer simulation studies showed that life history and ecological factors are probably of greater importancein determining the rate at which resistance develops in P. pvricola and D. brevis. High fecundity and low immigration of susceptible individuals into selected populations appear to be major factors contributing to rapid resistance development in pear psylla compared with D.
  • DRI® Digoxin Assay

    DRI® Digoxin Assay

    DRI® Digoxin Assay For In Vitro Diagnostic Use 1669 (25 mL, 8 mL Kit) 1669-A (25 mL, 8 mL Kit) Intended Use Reagent Preparation and Storage The DRI® Digoxin Assay is intended for the quantitative determination of digoxin in human The reagents are ready for use. No reagent preparation is required. All assay components, serum or plasma. when stored properly at 2-8°C, are stable until the expiration date indicated on the label. Summary and Explanation of the Test Specimen Collection and Handling Digitalis is known to have the ability to increase the force and velocity of myocardial Pharmacokinetic factors, such as dosage form, mode of administration, concomitant drug therapy contraction.1 Digoxin is one of the most commonly used forms of digitalis in the treatment as well as the patient’s clinical condition may influence the correct time of sample collection.2,3 For of congestive heart failure and arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The reliable interpretation of results, a serum specimen should be collected 6 to 8 hours following therapeutic range of digoxin is narrow. Futhermore, individual differences in drug absorption, the last oral dose of digoxin. Either serum or heparin and EDTA treated plasma samples can distribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as factors such as concurrent use of other drugs be used with the assay. Samples may be stored refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 7 days or frozen and illness can also alter the serum concentration in response to a given dosage. Monitoring (-20°C) for up to 6 months.
  • A Case of Attempted Suicide by Cerbera Odollam Seed Ingestion

    A Case of Attempted Suicide by Cerbera Odollam Seed Ingestion

    Hindawi Case Reports in Critical Care Volume 2020, Article ID 7367191, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7367191 Case Report A Case of Attempted Suicide by Cerbera odollam Seed Ingestion Michelle Bernshteyn , Steven H. Adams, and Kunal Gada SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Michelle Bernshteyn; [email protected] Received 3 March 2020; Revised 2 June 2020; Accepted 4 June 2020; Published 15 June 2020 Academic Editor: Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Copyright © 2020 Michelle Bernshteyn et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We report a case of attempted suicide by Cerbera odollam seed ingestion by a transgender patient who was successfully treated at our hospital. While the C. odollam plant has multiple practical and ornamental functions, its seeds have traditionally been utilized for suicidal and homicidal purposes in many parts of the world. Physicians should be aware of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of C. odollam ingestion given the current ease of availability of these seeds in the United States and the increased reports of suicide attempts. 1. Introduction with a junctional rhythm and therefore received a total of 10 vials of Digibind (digoxin immune fab). She denied any head- Indigenous to India and Southeast Asia, Cerbera odollam, ache, visual disturbances, chest pain, palpitations, shortness “ ” also known as pong-pong, or suicide tree, yields highly car- of breath, abdominal tenderness, diarrhea, or constipation.
  • Methanol Interim AEGL Document

    Methanol Interim AEGL Document

    INTERIM 1: 1/2003 INTERIM 2: 2/2005 INTERIM ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS (AEGLs) METHANOL (CAS Reg. No. 67-56-1) For NAS/COT Subcommittee for AEGLs February 2005 METHANOL Interim 2: 2/2005 PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) P. L. 92-463 of 1972, the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances (NAC/AEGL Committee) has been established to identify, review and interpret relevant toxicologic and other scientific data and develop AEGLs for high priority, acutely toxic chemicals. AEGLs represent threshold exposure limits for the general public and are applicable to emergency exposure periods ranging from 10 minutes to 8 hours. AEGL-2 and AEGL-3 levels, and AEGL-1 levels as appropriate, will be developed for each of five exposure periods (10 and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours) and will be distinguished by varying degrees of severity of toxic effects. It is believed that the recommended exposure levels are applicable to the general population including infants and children, and other individuals who may be sensitive or susceptible. The three AEGLs have been defined as follows: AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m;) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m;) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects, or an impaired ability to escape.

  • Environmental Toxicants in Forensic Entomology

    ISSN 2474-8978 TOXICOLOGY AND FORENSIC MEDICINE Open Journal Editorial Environmental Toxicants in Forensic Entomology Bashir M. Rezk, PhD1,2*; Myles S. Masters, BS Student1; Geoffroy E. Sanga Pema, BS Student1,2; Wayne J.G. Hellstrom, MD, FACS2; Asim B. Abdel-Mageed, DVM, PhD2; Suresh C. Sikka, PhD, HCLD2 1Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126, USA 2Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA *Corresponding author Bashir M. Rezk, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, 6400 Press Drive, New Orleans, LA 70126, USA; Tel. +1(504)284-5405; E-mail: [email protected] Article information Received: December 18th, 2018; Accepted: December 19th, 2018; Published: December 21st, 2018 Cite this article Rezk BM, Masters MS, Pema GES, Hellstrom WJG, Abdel-Mageed AB, Sikka SC. Environmental toxicants in forensic entomology. Toxicol Forensic Med Open J. 2018; 3(1): e1-e2. doi: 10.17140/TFMOJ-3-e008 he fundament of toxicology is the risk-benefit analysis. Cer- and Coleoptera (beetles).4 The first recorded incident in which Ttain chemical exists in the environment that if ingested, even insects were used in a criminal investigation was in 13th century in minute quantities, may alter bodily functions, induce death and China, as described in Sung Tzu's book entitled “The Washing Away interfere with the rate of decomposition of dead bodies. Ancient of Wrongs”.4,5 When a farmer was found murdered in a field with cultures discovered and reported many naturally occurring toxins a sharp weapon, all the suspects were told to place their sickles that have been used in medications, hunting, and wars.
  • Lena Winslow Elementary Welcomes New Principal by Tony Carton Year

    Lena Winslow Elementary Welcomes New Principal by Tony Carton Year

    1 1 • Wednesday, August 8, 2018 - Shopper’s Guide Saving Dollars Makes Cents! Serving the communities in Stephenson County Are You Paying Too Much for Auto Insurance? Check our website today for an online quote www.radersinsurance.com CMYK Version Since 1896 ROCKFORDMUTUAL INSURANCE C O MPANY SM Putting Lives Back Together PMS Version 815-369-4225 240 W. Main St., Suite A, Lena, IL 61048Since 1896 ROCKFORDMUTUAL www.radersinsurance.com INSURANCE C O MPAN286360Y Shopper’s Guide Putting Lives Back Together SM VOL. 80 • NO. 32 YOUR FREE HOMETOWN NEWSPAPER WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 8, 2018 Lena Winslow Elementary welcomes new principal By Tony Carton year. I think there are a lot of great EDITOR programs already underway here When the 2018-19 school year at Lena Winslow and I want to see begins, students attending Le- those programs and projects continue na-Winslow Elementary School will and grow.” have a new principal. Ann DeZell She said attaching names to faces is selected to lead the school, taking is among her first challenges as prin- over for Mary Gerbode who, after cipal. nearly 40 years of service with the “I think in a school this size, get- district, is retiring. ting to know everybody and learning “I am excited to be joining the everybody’s name is going to be a Lena-Winslow School District, challenge,” she said. “And obviously, and look forward to meeting all of it doesn’t matter what school you’re the students, parents, and commu- in or where you go, there’s always nity members who make Lena an discipline.
  • درمان و تشخیص نامه شیوه کلرین گاز با مسمومیت Medical Guideline For

    درمان و تشخیص نامه شیوه کلرین گاز با مسمومیت Medical Guideline For

    شیوه نامه تشخیص و درمان مسمومیت با گاز کلرین Medical Guideline for Chlorine Gas Poisoning اداره کل پدافند غیرعامل وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی مرداد 6931 فهرست مطالب عنوان صفحه 1- مشخصات کلی ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1 ....................................................................................................................... Threshold Limit Values; 2- ویژگیها ............................................................................................................................................... 2 2-1: مکانیسم اثر ...................................................................................................................................... 2 3- نحوه مواجهه و تماس ............................................................................................................................... 3 3-1- مواجهه حاد تنفسی ............................................................................................................................ 4 3-2- مواجهه حاد پوستی ـ مخاطی ................................................................................................................ 4 3-3- مواجهه حاد گوارشی .......................................................................................................................... 5 4- عﻻیم و نشانه های مسمومیت ...................................................................................................................... 5 4-1- عﻻیم مواجهه حاد تنفسی