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Catalogue of the Collection of Playing Cards Bequeathed To

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Catalogue of the Collection of Playing Cards Bequeathed To CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION OF PLAYING CARDS BEQUEATHED TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM ; ^ ^4 f BY THE LATE LADY CHAULOTTE SCHREIBER. COMPILED BY FREEMAN M. O'DONOGHUE, F.S.A., ASSISTANT-KEEPER OF PRINTS AND DRAWINGS. Printed by Order of the Trustees. LONDON: LONGMANS & CO., Pateenosteb Eow; B. QUAEITCH, 15, Piccadilly; ASHEE & CO., 13, Bedford Street, Covent Garden; KEGAN PAUL, TEENCH, TEUBNEE & CO., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Eoad; and HENBY FBOWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner. 1901, : ON !?33 LONDON PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Limited, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. ; PREFACE. The late Lady Charlotte Schreiber formed during her lifetime an extensive collection of the Playing-Cards of various countries, and, dying in 1895, bequeathed the collection to the Trustees of the British Museum. In accordance with the terms of the legacy, all those items were retained which were not strictly duplicates of others already in the Museum, the remainder being returned to the executors. The portion retained constitutes a very important addition to the collection which previously belonged to the department.* The present separate catalogue of the addition to the national collection thus made by Lady C. Schreiber's bequest, has been prepared by Mr. F. M. O'Donoghue, Assistant-Keeper of Prints and Drawings in the Museum, and is published by the Trustees in accordance with an undertaking made on their behalf to the executors of the testatrix when her bequest was accepted. Among the most important items in the collection are, in the Italian section, Mitelli's tarocchino and "II Passa Tempo" packs; Fresehot's cards of Venetian Heraldry, 1707 ; and two interesting Ombre packs, probably executed in Venice, one hand-painted on plates of silver and enclosed in a silver case, the other engraved on brass plates and contained in a case of the same material. The French section includes a proof sheet of early 16th century court cards, bearing the name of the maker, Andre Perrocet ; a series of the educational packs, devised by Jean Desmarest and executed by Delia Bella in the middle of the 17th century several editions of the heraldic pack issued by Oronce Fin6 (Brianville) at the same period ; and several Eepublican and * See W. H. Wiltshire, M.D. A descriptive Catalogue of Playing and other Cards in the British Museum ; printed by the order of the Trustees, 1876. 326191 IV PEEPACE Empire packs ; also examples of the fortune-telling cards of Eteilla, and the humorous cards of Atthalin. The German division, which is the most numerous in the " " collection, contains the well-known Stukeley pack ; the scarce artistic cards produced by Jobst Amman and Virgil Solis; and several rare early sheets, including a curious and (so far as is known) unique plate of eight of the Italian suit of cups, fancifully treated, engraved by an unknown master of the 15th century. The most interesting feature of the English section is the series of engraved historical packs of the late 17th and early 18th centuries, illustrating the Popish Plots, the Eump Parliament, Monmouth's Rebellion, the |Eeigns of James II and Queen Anne, the Impeachment of Dr. Sacheverell, and the Bubble companies of 1720 ; in these the Museum collection was previously very deficient, some of them being extremely scarce. The Spanish, Dutch and Flemish and Swiss packs and sheets, though fairly numerous and representative, do not include any specially noteworthy items. The Oriental examples are neither numerous nor important, all being modern ; the largest group is the Chinese, which was brought together by Mr. W. H. Wilkinson, of H.M. Consular Service. A number of the most interesting specimens, selected from Lady Charlotte Schreiber's collection while it was still in her hands, have been figured in three large illustrated volumes, com- piled by the collector with the assistance of the late Sir A. W. Franks, under the title, 'Playing Cards of various ages and countries' (London: Murray, 1892, 1893, 1895). Eeferences to this work are given in the following catalogue in brackets following the descriptions, thus : [S., Vol. II. pi. 125], etc. SIDNEY COLVIN. ——— — — TABLE OF CONTENTS. PACKS. Italian : Tarot packs : For Tarocchi 5 For Tarocchino 11 For Minchiate 13 Ombre packs 16 Packs of 52 . 20 „ 48 . 25 „ 36 . 25 „ 32 . 26 Composite cards 26 Fragmentary packs and odd cards 26 Cards without suits . 28 Spanish : Ombre packs .... 32 Packs of 48 .... 34 41 „ 52 . Portuguese ..... 42 French : Jeux de Tarots 43 Piquet packs .... 47 Packs of 52 .... 54 Breton Alluettes 66 Fragmentary packs and odd cards 66 Cards without suits . 69 German : With national suits : Packs of 48 75 „ 36 76 „ 32 86 „ 20 93 „ 52 93 Fragmentary packs and odd cards 93 — — — —. VI CONTENTS. German [continued) : With fancy suits 94 With French suits : Tarok packs of 78 95 54 105 Packs of 56 107 36 108 32 109 52 113 40 122 24 123 Fragmentary packs and odd cards 123 With Italian suits : Tarot packs of 78 125 54 127 Trappola packs 127 With emblematic suits 130 Cards without suits . 131 Swiss : Tarot packs 141 Packs of 36 and 32 . 143 „ 52 . 144 Dutch :- Piquet packs . 146 Instructive and fanciful 146 Flemish : Tarot packs 150 Piquet packs . 152 Packs of 52 . 152 Russian 153 Polish . 154 Swedish 154 Danish 155 English:— Packs of 52 . 155 Piquet packs . 170 Cards without suits 171 American 182 Indian . 183 — CONTENTS. Vll PAGE Javanese 184 Japanese 184 Chinese 184 SHEETS. Italian 195 Spanish 196 French 197 German : With national suits 200 With fancy suits 206 With Italian suits 206 With French suits 207 Without suits 209 Swiss . 210 Dutch . 210 Danish 211 English 211 Uncertain 211 Card Wrappers . 212 Wood Blocks 213 Miscellanea . 213 Books relating to Cards 214 —; CATALOGUE OF CARDS. INTRODUCTION. Playing cards may be broadly divided into two classes, viz. : —the four- suit numeral pack and the tarot * pack. These have both been, and to some extent still are, popular in Italy and the southern parts of France and Germany ; but in Spain, the north of France and Germany, and all other European countries, the four-suit numeral pack alone has found favour. In its complete form this always consisted of 52 pieces (though the number has been reduced for Trappola, Ombre, Piquet and other games), each of the four suits being composed of three court (or coat) and ten pip cards. In Italy and Spain the suits used are Cups, Swords, Coins and Clubs, the court cards being King, Knight and Knave ; in Germany the suits are Hearts, Bells, Leaves and Acorns, and the court cards King and two Knaves (styled Obermann and Untermann) ; while in France the suits are Hearts, Spades, Diamonds and Clubs, the court cards being King, Queen and Knave. In England and the Netherlands the French characteristics have been adopted, and they are now coming into general use in all countries. The tarot sequence, which is of Italian origin, and is used for the Italian game of Tarocchi, (as also, with modifications, for the cognate games Tarocchino and Minchiate), has the same four suits as the ordinary pack combined with a set of 22 emblematical designs called tarocchi or tarots, which constitute a fifth suit ; these are also termed in Italy atutti or trionfi, and in France atouts ( = trumps), from the fact that they are superior to all others. Also each of the ordinary suits has four court cards, King, Queen, Knight and Knave, the total number of cards in the pack being thus raised to 78. The usual subjects of the atouts are : I. II Bagatto (Le Bateleur) ; II. La Papessa (La Papesse) ; III. LTmpera- trice (L'Imperatriee) ; IV. L'Imperatore (L'Empereur) ; V. II Papa (Le Pape) ; VI. Gli Amanti (L'Amoureux) ; VII. La Carossa (Le Chariot) VIII. La Giustitia (La Justice) ; IX. L'Eremita (L'Eremite) ; X. Ruota di Fortuna (Roue de Fortune) ; XL La Forza (La Force) ; XII. L'Appeso (Le Pendu) ; XIII. (no title) Death ; XIV. La Temperanza (La Temper* * Fi\ tarot = Ital. tarocco (plur. tarocchi). ;; 2 CATALOGUE OF OABDS. ance) ; XV. II Diavolo (Le Diable) ; XVI. La Torre (La Maison Dieu) II Sole XVII. Le Stelle (L'Etoile) ; XVIII. La Luna (La Lime) ; XIX. (Le Soleil) ; XX. II Giudizio (Le Jugement) ; XXI. II Mondo (Le Monde) and, unnumbered, II Matto (Le Fou).* The old French and German tarot packs have Italian suitmarks, and in every way resemble the Italian tarocchi sequence; but in modern German packs French suitmarks are used, and the traditional subjects of the tarots are replaced by fanciful and meaningless designs, frequently subjects of natural history. The tarocchi game is of a complicated character and played in a variety of ways, but in every case the tarots constitute a permanent suit of trumps and take all cards of the ordinary suits. They also vary in value amongst themselves, the higher numbers taking the lower. Three of them, II Mondo, II Bagatto, and Matto, which in the modern game are called Matadors, have special powers, and with the four Kings of the other suits constitute the seven "honours" of the pack. The question of the country and period which gave birth to Playing Cards, though it has been the subject of much discussion and research during the last two centuries, remains as yet undetermined. But that, as far as Europe is concerned, they first appeared in Italy, and probably at Venice, in the middle of the 14th century is now the accepted opinion. It has also been generally assumed, but with less justification, that their earliest form was the tarot pack (i.e., the combined series of emblematical and numeral cards as above described), and that the use of the purely numeral set was a later modification.
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