SIGNA: Species Iris Group of North America 31Th Species Seed Exchange
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Radiation in the Cape Flora and the Phylogeny of Peacock Irises Moraea
ARTICLE IN PRESS MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2002) xxx–xxx www.academicpress.com Radiation in the Cape flora and the phylogeny of peacock irises Moraea (Iridaceae) based on four plastid DNA regions Peter Goldblatt,a Vincent Savolainen,b,* Obie Porteous,b Ivan Sostaric,b Martyn Powell,b Gail Reeves,c John C. Manning,c Timothy G. Barraclough,d and Mark W. Chaseb a Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA b Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK c National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Cape Town, South Africa d Department of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Received 2 February 2002; received in revised form 22 April 2002 Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of four plastid DNA regions, the rbcL exon, trnL intron, trnL–trnF intergenic spacer, and rps16 intron from each of 73 species in the African genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae) including accessions of all major species clusters in the genus, show Moraea to be paraphyletic when Barnardiella, Galaxia, Hexaglottis, Homeria (all southern African), and Gynandriris (Eurasian as well) were recognized as separate genera. There are several small, isolated species clusters at the basal nodes of the tree that are all restricted to the winter-rainfall zone of southern Africa (the Greater Cape floral kingdom) and a few, highly derived, large species groups that have radiated extensively within the winter-rainfall zone. Mapping of floral traits shows that an Iris-type flower is ancestral in Moraea. -
Systematics of the Hypervariable Moraea Tripetalacomplex
Bothalia 42,2: 111– 135 (2012) Systematics of the hypervariable Moraea tripetala complex (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) of the southern African winter rainfall zone P. gOLDBLATT* and J.C. MAnnIng** Keywords: Chromosome cytology, Iridaceae, Iridoideae, Moraea Mill., new species, southern Africa, taxonomy ABSTRACT Field and laboratory research has shown that the Moraea tripetala complex of western South Africa, traditionally treated as a single species, sometimes with two additional varieties, has a pattern of morphological and cytological variation too complex to be accommodated in a single species. Variation in floral structure, especially the shape of the inner tepals, degree of union of the filaments, anther length and pollen colour form coherent patterns closely correlated with morphology of the corm tunics, mode of vegetative reproduction, and in some instances capsule and seed shape and size. The morphological patterns also correlate with geography, flowering time and sometimes habitat. It is especially significant that different vari- ants of the complex may co-occur, each with overlapping or separate flowering times, a situation that conflicts with a single species taxonomy. We propose recognizing nine species and three additional subspecies for plants currently assigned to M. tripetala. M. grandis, from the western Karoo, has virtually free filaments and leaves often ± plane distally; closely allied M. amabilis, also with ± free filaments and often hairy leaves, is centred in the western Karoo and Olifants River Valley. Its range overlaps that of M. cuspidata, which has narrowly channelled, smooth leaves, linear inner tepals spreading distally and filaments united for up to 1.5 mm.M. decipiens from the Piketberg, M. hainebachiana, a local endemic of coastal limestone fynbos in the Saldanha District, M. -
Moraea Insolens | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url=
Moraea insolens | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/moraea-insolens pza.sanbi.org Moraea insolens | Plantz Africa Introduction Moraea insolens is a critically endangered, cormous plant, with dazzling orange-red or rarely white- or cream-coloured, salver-shaped blooms, with prominent, deep brown markings to attract its beetle pollinators. It is very rare in cultivation, but can be successfully grown as a container subject. Description Description This deciduous, winter-growing geophyte grows 200–350 mm high and has a small, rounded corm, protected by a covering of hard, light brown outer tunics. The corm produces two, dark brown, basal sheaths and has a solitary, linear, bright green, channelled leaf. The slender flower stem has prominent nodes and is sometimes branched, 1 of 7 2017/02/15 02:42 PM Moraea insolens | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/moraea-insolens producing a succession of salver-shaped flowers, each lasting three days, from between two spathe bracts. The tepals vary in shades of light to bright orange-red and are rarely white or cream-coloured. The three outer tepals are larger than the three inner ones and all are adorned with a deep brown, arrow-shaped marking near the base, sometimes outlined in white. The filaments are united into a central column with three long anthers symmetrically arranged opposite the three outer tepals. The anthers produce sticky, bright orange pollen. The fruit is an elliptic capsule containing many small, light brown, irregularly shaped seeds. The plant flowers from mid- to late spring (mid-September to mid-October) and is completely dormant in summer. -
Garden Escapes & Other Weeds in Bushland and Reserves a Responsible Gardening Guide for the Sydney Region
Garden Escapes & Other Weeds in Bushland and Reserves A responsible gardening guide for the Sydney Region Sydney Weeds Committees Sydney Central Sydney South West Sydney North Sydney West – Blue Mountains C O N T E N T S General Information 3 Vines & Scramblers 6 Ground Covers 20 Bulbous & Succulent Weeds 34 Grass Weeds 51 Shrub Weeds 57 Tree Weeds 64 Water Weeds 74 Help Protect Your Local Environment 77 Common Plant Parts 78 Bibliography 79 Plant Me Instead 80 Index & Acknowledments 82 Reprinted 2012- Updated in 2018 Booklet adapted and reproduced with permission of Great Lakes Council The Problem What is a weed? Plants escape from gardens in a WEEDS are plants that don’t belong variety of ways, but one main cause where they are. They can include of spread from gardens is by green plants from other countries but are also waste dumping in bushland and road sometimes from other parts of Australia. reserves. This practice is harmful to the Weeds can be harmful to human and bush for many reasons, such as: animals. They also affect the ecology and appearance of bushland areas and s introducing weeds (plant fragments, waterways. bulbs, roots, tubers, seeds, spores) Weeds often grow faster than s smothering native plants native plants and out-compete them to become dominant in natural areas. The s changing the soil and ideal growing natural pests or diseases that would conditions for native plants otherwise control their growth are lacking s increasing fi re risk by increasing as the plants have been introduced from fuel loads. somewhere else. -
Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define Iris Subgenera And
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 34 2006 Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections Carol A. Wilson Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Carol A. (2006) "Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 34. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/34 Aliso 22, pp. 425-433 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN CHARACTERS THAT DEFINE IRIS SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS CAROL A. WILSON Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA (carol. wilson@ cgu. edu) ABSTRACT Subgeneric groups have been circumscribed in Iris based on a small number of morphological characters. Recent DNA sequence data has indicated that several of the subgenera, sections, and series that have previously been delineated are paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The evolution of characters that have traditionally been used to distinguish sub generic and sectional groups within Iris was investigated by mapping these characters on a phylogenetic tree based on matK sequence data. Results indicate that rhizomes are pleisomorphic for the genus and that three bulb types have arisen independently. My analysis shows that sepal beards, sepal crests, and seed arils show extensive homoplasy. Most of the homoplasy seen is associated with the circumscription of polyphyletic subgeneric groups such as the beardless subgenus Limniris. Some additional homoplasy is due to diversity within supported clades or the historical use of a single character in circumscribing more than one subgeneric group. -
Insights from Microsporogenesis in Asparagales
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 9:5, 460–471 (2007) Constraints and selection: insights from microsporogenesis in Asparagales Laurent Penet,a,1,Ã Michel Laurin,b Pierre-Henri Gouyon,a,c and Sophie Nadota aLaboratoire Ecologie, Syste´matique et Evolution, Batiment 360, Universite´ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Ce´dex, France bUMR CNRS 7179, Universite´ Paris 6FPierre & Marie Curie, 2 place Jussieu, Case 7077, 75005 Paris, France cMuse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, De´partement de Syste´matique et Evolution Botanique, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris CP 39, France ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]) 1Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth & Ruskin, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. SUMMARY Developmental constraints have been proposed different characteristics of microsporogenesis, only cell to interfere with natural selection in limiting the available wall formation appeared as constrained. We show that set of potential adaptations. Whereas this concept has constraints may also result from biases in the correlated long been debated on theoretical grounds, it has been occurrence of developmental steps (e.g., lack of successive investigated empirically only in a few studies. In this article, cytokinesis when wall formation is centripetal). We document we evaluate the importance of developmental constraints such biases and their potential outcomes, notably the during microsporogenesis (male meiosis in plants), with an establishment of intermediate stages, which allow emphasis on phylogenetic patterns in Asparagales. Different development to bypass such constraints. These insights are developmental constraints were tested by character discussed with regard to potential selection on pollen reshuffling or by simulated distributions. Among the morphology. INTRODUCTION 1991) also hindered tests using the concept (Pigliucci and Kaplan 2000). -
3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Jetzt Beschriebenen Palaearctischen Ceuthor- Rhynchinen
Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 305 Schultze, A. (1902): Kritisches Verzeichniss der bis 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 jetzt beschriebenen palaearctischen Ceuthor- rhynchinen. – Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Roberto Caldara , Nico M. Franz, and Rolf 1902: 193 – 226. G. Oberprieler Schwarz, E. A. (1894): A “ parasitic ” scolytid. – Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: Distribution. The subfamily as here composed (see 15 – 17. Phylogeny and Taxonomy below) includes approx- Scudder, S. H. (1893): Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleo- ptera of the United States. xii + 206 pp. US Geological imately 350 genera and 4500 species (O ’ Brien & Survey, Washington, DC. Wibmer 1978; Thompson 1992; Alonso-Zarazaga Stierlin, G. (1886): Fauna insectorum Helvetiae. Coleo- & Lyal 1999; Oberprieler et al. 2007), provisionally ptera helvetiae , Volume 2. 662 pp. Rothermel & Cie., divided into 34 tribes. These are geographically Schaffhausen. generally restricted to a lesser or larger degree, only Thompson, R. T. (1973): Preliminary studies on the two – Curculionini and Rhamphini – being virtually taxonomy and distribution of the melon weevil, cosmopolitan in distribution and Anthonomini , Acythopeus curvirostris (Boheman) (including Baris and Tychiini only absent from the Australo-Pacifi c granulipennis (Tournier)) (Coleoptera, Curculion- region. Acalyptini , Cionini , Ellescini , Mecinini , idae). – Bulletin of Entomological Research 63: 31 – 48. and Smicronychini occur mainly in the Old World, – (1992): Observations on the morphology and clas- from Africa to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, sifi cation of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with Ellescini, Acalyptini, and Smicronychini also with a key to major groups. – Journal of Natural His- extending into the Nearctic region and at least tory 26: 835 – 891. the latter two also into the Australian one. -
JUDD W.S. Et. Al. (1999) Plant Systematics
CHAPTER8 Phylogenetic Relationships of Angiosperms he angiosperms (or flowering plants) are the dominant group of land Tplants. The monophyly of this group is strongly supported, as dis- cussed in the previous chapter, and these plants are possibly sister (among extant seed plants) to the gnetopsids (Chase et al. 1993; Crane 1985; Donoghue and Doyle 1989; Doyle 1996; Doyle et al. 1994). The angio- sperms have a long fossil record, going back to the upper Jurassic and increasing in abundance as one moves through the Cretaceous (Beck 1973; Sun et al. 1998). The group probably originated during the Jurassic, more than 140 million years ago. Cladistic analyses based on morphology, rRNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences do not support the traditional division of angiosperms into monocots (plants with a single cotyledon, radicle aborting early in growth with the root system adventitious, stems with scattered vascular bundles and usually lacking secondary growth, leaves with parallel venation, flow- ers 3-merous, and pollen grains usually monosulcate) and dicots (plants with two cotyledons, radicle not aborting and giving rise to mature root system, stems with vascular bundles in a ring and often showing sec- ondary growth, leaves with a network of veins forming a pinnate to palmate pattern, flowers 4- or 5-merous, and pollen grains predominantly tricolpate or modifications thereof) (Chase et al. 1993; Doyle 1996; Doyle et al. 1994; Donoghue and Doyle 1989). In all published cladistic analyses the “dicots” form a paraphyletic complex, and features such as two cotyle- dons, a persistent radicle, stems with vascular bundles in a ring, secondary growth, and leaves with net venation are plesiomorphic within angio- sperms; that is, these features evolved earlier in the phylogenetic history of tracheophytes. -
Cape Tulips (Moraea Flaccida & M. Miniata), Managing Weeds In
Biological control \ Correct timing is fundamental to successful cape tulip control. Biological control for cape tulip in Western Australia is currently Develop works programs and organise contractors at the beginning being investigated by CSIRO Entomology and the Department of of each year. MANAGING WEEDS IN BUSHLAND Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. The study involves the identification of potential biological control agents such as weevils Reference and further information: that feed on corms and a beetle that feeds on seed. There is also Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds; A Practical Guide to Their potentially a rust fungus Puccinia moraeae that affects leaves. Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood WA. Cape Tulips (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata). CSIRO web site (Last Key points Updated: 11 October, 2005). http://www.ento.csiro.au/weeds/capetulip/. Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Cousens, R.D., Dodd, J. & Lloyd, S.G. (1997) Cape tulip is a significant threat to bushlands and wetlands of south-west Australia. Western weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park. One-leaf cape tulip produces seeds and has a single basal Manning, J., Goldblatt, P. & Snijman, D. (2002) The color encyclopedia of leaf. Two-leaf cape tulip is distinguished by a scaly Cape bulbs. Timber Press, Oregon. covering around the corm, cormil production in leaf axils and around the parent corm, the presence of two or three Moore, J.H. & Wheeler, J. (2002) Southern weeds and their control. basal leaves and by the fact that it does not produce seed. -
New Plant Records for the Hawaiian Islands 2010–20111
Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2011. Edited by 27 Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 27 –54 (2012) New plant records for the Hawaiian Islands 2010 –2011 1 DANielle FRoHliCH 2 & A lex lAU 2 O‘ahu Early Detection, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704; emails: [email protected]; [email protected] o‘ahu early Detection here documents 26 new naturalized records, 8 new state records, 31 new island records, 1 range extension, and 2 corrections found by us and other indi - viduals and agencies. in addition, several species showing signs of naturalization are men - tioned. A total of 42 plant families are discussed. information regarding the formerly known distribution of flowering plants is based on the Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i (Wagner et al . 1999) and information subse - quently published in the Records of the Hawai ‘i Biological Survey . Voucher specimens are deposited at Bishop Museum’s Herbarium Pacificum (BiSH), Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Acanthaceae Megaskepasma erythroclamys lindau New island record This species, which was previously found naturalizing on o‘ahu, can be distinguished by its 1 –2" long showy burgundy bracts and white, tubular, 2-lipped corollas with 2 fertile stamens (Staples & Herbst 2005). Parker & Parsons (this volume) report this species as naturalized on Hawai‘i island. Material examined . KAUA ‘I: Hā‘ena, in neighborhood makai of highway, near Tunnels Beach, UTM 442390, 2457621. Coastal residential setting; sparingly-branched shrub to 6 ft tall, growing out of a hedge. inflorescence bracts magenta. Species is planted as an ornamental and sparingly natural - ized in the area, 9 Mar 2010, OED 2010030904. -
Federal Noxious Weed List Effective As of December 10, 2010
Federal Noxious Weed List Effective as of December 10, 2010 Aquatic Latin Name Author(s) Common Name(s) Azolla pinnata R. Brown Mosquito fern, water velvet Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh Killer algae (Mediterranean strain) Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth Anchored waterhyacinth, rooted waterhyacinth Hydrilla verticillata (L.) Royle Hydrilla Hygrophila polysperma T. Anderson Miramar weed Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal Water-spinach, swamp morning glory Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss African elodea Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume Ambulia Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cavanilles) S.T. Blake Broadleaf paper bark tree Monochoria hastata (Linnaeus) Solms-Laubach Arrowleaf false pickerelweed Monochoria vaginalis (N.L. Burm.) K. Presl Heartshape false pickerelweed Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Duck lettuce Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus Arrowhead Salvinia auriculata Aublet Giant salvinia Salvinia biloba Raddi Giant salvinia Salvinia herzogii de la Sota Giant salvinia Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell Giant salvinia Solanum tampicense Dunal Wetland nightshade Sparganium erectum Linnaeus Exotic bur-reed Parasitic Latin Name Author(s) Common Name(s) Aeginetia spp. Linnaeus Varies by species Alectra spp. Thunb. Varies by species Cuscuta spp.(except for Linnaeus Dodders natives) Orobanche spp. (except for Linnaeus Broomrapes natives) Striga spp. Lour. Witchweeds Last updated 2/1/2012 Terrestrial Latin Name Author(s) Common Name(s) Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile Prickly acacia Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) King & Robinson Crofton weed Ageratina -
Dietes Iridioides Subsp. Angolensis from Angola and Dietes Bicolor Subsp
Page 1 of 6 Original Research Two new subspecies of Dietes (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), Dietes iridioides subsp. angolensis from Angola and Dietes bicolor subsp. armeniaca from eastern South Africa, with notes and range extensions for Dietes butcheriana and Dietes iridioides Authors: Background: Recent collections of Dietes have extended the known geographical range and 1 Peter Goldblatt morphological variation in several species. John C. Manning1,2 Objectives: To describe additional taxa in Dietes to reflect the morphological and geographical Affiliations: variation in the species more accurately and to record significant range extensions. 1Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, Method: Recent collections were compared with existing herbarium material and published University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa literature. Results: Two new subspecies in Dietes are described, viz. Dietes iridioides subsp. angolensis 2South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape from Angola, constituting the first record of the species from that country, andDietes bicolor Town, South Africa subsp. armeniaca from eastern South Africa, which represents a range extension into southern KwaZulu-Natal. We also document a range extension for the local endemic Dietes butcheriana Correspondence to: from KwaZulu-Natal into the Eastern Cape and discuss an anomalous population of Peter Goldblatt D. iridioides, with long-lived flowers, from near Hankey in the Eastern Cape. Email: [email protected] Conclusions: The range extensions and new infraspecific taxa increase our understanding of the diversity of Dietes in southern and south tropical Africa. Postal address: PO Box 299, 63166 St. Louis, United States of America Introduction Dates: With five species in sub-Saharan Africa and one on Lord Howe Island (Australasia), Dietes Salisb.