DOCSLIB.ORG

Institutions and Politics Portugal in the European Context Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Institutions and Politics Portugal in the European Context Vol Portugal in the European Context, vol. I Institutions and Politics Portugal in the European Context vol. I: Institutions and Politics (edited by José Manuel Leite Viegas, Helena Carreiras, and Andrés Malamud). vol. II: Knowledge and Society (edited by António Firmino da Costa, Fernando Luís Machado, and Patrícia Ávila). vol. III: Welfare and Everyday Life (edited by Maria das Dores Guerreiro, Anália Torres, and Luís Capucha). Other tittles by Celta Editora Maria Ioannis Baganha (editor), Immigration in Southern Europe J. Caetano, A. Galego, C. Viera, I. Vieira, and E. Vaz, The European Union’s Fifth Enlargement Isabel Estrada, Postnational Citizenship and the State Maurizio Ferreira, Anton Hemerijck, and Martin Rhodes, The Future of Social Europe. Recasting Work and Welfare in the New Economy Virgínia Ferreira, Teresa Tavares, and Sílvia Portugal (editors), Shifting Bonds, Shifting Bounds. Women, Mobility, and Citizenship in Europe José Manuel Leite Viegas and António Firmino da Costa (editors), Crossroads to Modernity. Contemporary Portuguese Society José Manuel Leite Viegas, Helena Carreiras and André Malamud (editors) Portugal in the European Context, vol. I Institutions and Politics Alan Stoleroff André Freire Andrés Malamud António Pedro Dores Elsa Pegado Filipa Pinho Graça Carapinheiro Helena Carreiras João Sebastião José Manuel Leite Viegas Luís Capucha Luís de Sousa Rui Pena Pires Sandra Palma Saleiro Sérgio Faria Sónia Vladimira Correia CIES, ISCTE-UL5 CELTA EDITORA | Lisbon, 2009 © CIES-ISCTE, 2009 José Manuel Leite Viegas, Helena Carreiras, and André Malamud (editors) Portugal in the European Context, vol. I: Institutions and Politics First published 2009 by Celta Editora Lda ISBN: 978-972-774-265-3 D.l.: Set in 10 on 12 pt Palatino by Celta Editora Printed in Spain by Publidisa Cover design by Mário Vaz & Celta Editora Cover illustration: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso (1887-1918), Procissão Corpus Christi, 1913, reproduced by kind permission of the Center of Modern Art, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon All rights reserved by Celta Editora Lda. Excepted for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, whithout the prior permission of the publisher. Celta Editora Postal adress: Apartado 151, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal Tel: (+351) 917 775 02 72 E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents List of figures and tables .............................................................................. vii Contributors .................................................................................................... xi Preface .............................................................................................................. xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 José Manuel Leite Viegas, Helena Carreiras, and Andrés Malamud Part I |INSTITUTIONS, IDEOLOGIES AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOURS 1 Supranational parliaments in Europe and Latin America: between empowerment and irrelevance ........................................... 9 Andrés Malamud and Luís de Sousa 2 Ideological identities in Europe: comparative perspective of Portugal, Spain and Greece.............................................................. 31 André Freire 3 Political participation: the Portuguese case from a European comparative perspective....................................................................... 53 José Manuel Leite Viegas and Sérgio Faria Part II |INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC POLICIES 4 Social development policies: employment and social security ..... 71 Luís Capucha, Elsa Pegado, and Sandra Palma Saleiro v vi Portugal in the European Context, vol. I INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICS 5 The democratisation of school education in Portugal .................... 101 João Sebastião and Sónia Vladimira Correia 6 Immigration policies in Portugal ........................................................ 127 Rui Pena Pires and Filipa Pinho 7 The Portuguese Armed Forces: changes and continuities at the turn of the millennium .............................................................. 151 Helena Carreiras Part III |INSTITUTIONS, SOCIAL RELATIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS 8 Health and risk in Portuguese society: for a new agenda on policies regarding life ...................................................................... 177 Graça Carapinheiro 9 Penitentiary risk and prohibitionist spirit ........................................ 191 António Pedro Dores 10 Company-level labour relations and the industrial relations system in Portugal ................................................................................ 213 Alan Stoleroff List of figures and tables Figures 2.1 Lelf-right self-placement in Europe, 1976-2002 (average percentage by decade) ........................................................ 37 4.1 Total social protection expenditure (% GDP), 1994-2002 .............. 80 4.2 Expenditure on social protection in PPS per capita, 2001 ............... 81 4.3 Total social protection expenditure in PPS per capita, 1994-2002 ..... 82 4.4 Social protection by function (% of total expenditure on social benefits), 2002 ....................................................................................... 82 4.5 Employment rate in the EU 25, by sex, 2004Q2 (%) ....................... 91 5.1 Illiterate or totally uneducated population, Portugal (%) ............. 105 5.2 Resident population by completed level of schooling, Portugal (%) .......................................................................................... 106 5.3 Population with compulsory schooling, Portugal (%) ................... 107 5.4 Deviation from normal age for attending 2nd cycle, by age, Portugal (%) .......................................................................................... 108 5.5 Deviation from normal age for attending 3rd cycle by age, Portugal (%) .......................................................................................... 109 5.6 Pre-school rate in mainland Portugal (1984-2002) (%) .................. 112 5.7 Resident population by geographical area and by level of education, Portugal (%) .................................................................. 113 7.1 Total military personnel and conscripts in the Portuguese Armed Forces (1981-2005) .................................................................. 160 7.2 Percentage of women in the armed forces of NATO, 2006 ........... 167 7.3 Occupational distribution of female soldiers in NATO and Portugal (2000) (%) ....................................................................... 168 7.4 Hierarchical distribution of female military professionals in NATO and in Portugal (%) (2000) ................................................. 169 9.1 Risk of incarceration and crime rate in Portugal ............................ 202 vii viii Portugal in the European Context, vol. I INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICS Tables 1.1 Comparative features of the european parliamentary assemblies .............................................................................................. 11 1.2 European parliament: seats per country (in alphabetical order according to the country’s name in its own language) .................. 16 1.3 Political composition of the european parliament, 1979-2004 (number of seats per political group) ............................................... 17 1.4 Comparative features of five regional parliaments ....................... 27 2.1 Left-right self-placement in Europe, 1976-2002 (OLS regressions) ................................................................................. 38 2.2 Evolution of left-right alignments in Europe, per decade, 1976-2002 ............................................................................................... 41 2.3 Short-term shifts in left-right alignments in Europe between 1976 and 2002 (I) (difference in percentages) .................. 44 2.4 Short-term shifts in left-right alignments in Europe between 1976 and 2002 (II) (difference in percentages) ................ 45 3.1 Frequency of the different forms of political participation, by country (%) ...................................................................................... 58 3.2 Principal component factor analysis of forms of political participation .......................................................................................... 62 3.3 Index of the types of political participation .................................... 64 4.1 Main indicators of the labour market ............................................... 92 4.2 Highest level of education (Portugal and EU15 2002) (%) ............ 95 4.3 Gross Added Value structure by sector of activity in Portugal and the EU15, 1998 .............................................................................. 96 5.1 Students in TEIP after joining schools in the Mainland Programme (%) ..................................................................................... 110 5.2 Educational careers of students by school, 2003/2004 ................... 120 5.3 Educational careers of students by social class, 2003/2004 ........... 121 6.1 Foreign population resident in Portugal, 2004 ............................... 128 6.2 Changes in the law on nationality .................................................... 133 6.3 Chronology of basic immigration legislation,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TNE21 Bio Sheet
    1 & 2 JUNE 2021 – VIRTUAL EVENT SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES Brigadier general João António Campos Rocha Director of CIS, EMGFA, Portugal Brigadier general electrotechnical engineer João António Campos Rocha was born in Albufeira, Portugal, in February 1965. He belongs to the Air Force and became the Director of Communications and Information Systems of the General Staff of the Armed Forces since January of 2019. REAR-ADMIRAL MÁRIO DO CARMO DURÃO POR N (Ret.), President, AFCEA Portugal Chapter Rear-Admiral Mário Durão, graduated from Naval Academy in June 1971 and from Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, USA, as Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in June 1977. Between 1984 and 1994, was appointed Professor of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics at the Naval Academy. From 1994 to 2005, assumed top management functions in the ICT areas in the Navy and the MoD, being CIO and Deputy Secretary General. He retired in December 2013. Since October 2014 he has been president of AFCEA Portugal. 1 KC CHOI B2B Global Lead, Samsung Electronics, USA Executive Vice President, Head of Global Mobile B2B/B2G Team, Mobile Communications Business, Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd (Nov, 2019~present). 35 years working at several of America’s iconic technology companies such as IBM, NCR, HP and Dell and CTO for United Healthcare. B.A. in Economics and Electrical Engineering from UC Irvine, Guest lecturer at Loyola Marymount University and Stanford University. MGen Jorge Côrte-Real Andrade Deputy Director of National Defence Resources Directorate, Ministry of Defence, Portugal MGen Jorge Côrte-Real is Deputy Director of the Portuguese Defence Resources Directorate (MoD) and Deputy National Armament Director.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew Its Government
    The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew its Government Samuel Gaspar Rodrigues Senior Honors History Thesis Professor Temma Kaplan April 20, 2012 Rodrigues 2 Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3 Before the War .....................................................................................................................9 The War .............................................................................................................................19 The April Captains .............................................................................................................33 Remembering the Past .......................................................................................................44 The Legacy of Colonial Portugal .......................................................................................53 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................60 Rodrigues 3 Introduction When the Portuguese people elected António Oliveira de Salazar to the office of Prime Minister in 1932, they believed they were electing the right man for the job. He appealed to the masses. He was a far-right conservative Christian, but he was less radical than the Portuguese Fascist Party of the time. His campaign speeches appeased the syndicalists as well as the wealthy landowners in Portugal. However, he never was
    [Show full text]
  • CADETS in PORTUGUESE MILITARY ACADEMIES a Sociological Portrait
    CADETS IN PORTUGUESE MILITARY ACADEMIES A sociological portrait Helena Carreiras Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia (Cies_Iscte), Lisboa, Portugal Fernando Bessa Military University Institute, Centre for Research in Security and Defence (CISD), Lisboa, Portugal Patrícia Ávila Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia (Cies_Iscte), Lisboa, Portugal Luís Malheiro Military University Institute, Centre for Research in Security and Defence (CISD), Lisboa, Portugal Abstract The aim of this article is to revisit the question of the social origins of the armed forces officer corps, using data drawn from a survey to all cadets following military training at the three Portuguese service academies in 2016. It puts forward the question of whether the sociological characteristics of the future military elite reveal a pattern of convergence with society or depart from it, in terms of geographical origins, gender and social origins. The article offers a sociological portrait of the cadets and compares it with previous studies, identifying trends of change and continuity. The results show that there is a diversified and convergent recruitment pattern: cadets are coming from a greater variety of regions in the country than in the past; there is a still an asymmetric but improving gender balance; self-recruitment patterns are rather stable, and there is a segmented social origin pointing to the dominance of the more qualified and affluent social classes. In the conclusion questions are raised regarding future civil-military convergence patterns as well as possible growing differences between ranks. Keywords: military cadets, officer corps, social origins, civil-military relations.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Diplomacy Papers European by Force and by Will: Portugal and the European Security and Defence Policy Hugo De Melo Palma
    European by Force and by Will: Portugal and the European Security and Defence Policy EU Diplomacy Papers 7 / 2009 Hugo de Melo Palma Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies www.coleurope.eu Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies EU Diplomacy Papers 7/2009 European by Force and by Will: Portugal and the European Security and Defence Policy Hugo de Melo Palma © Hugo de Melo Palma 2009 Dijver 11 | BE-8000 Bruges, Belgium | Tel. +32 (0)50 477 251 | Fax +32 (0)50 477 250 | E-mail [email protected] | www.coleurope.eu/ird EU Diplomacy Paper 7/2009 About the Author Hugo de Melo Palma holds a BA in International Relations from the School of Political and Social Sciences of the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, and an MA in EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. He was an intern at the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Instituto Camões) and at the Portuguese Atlantic Committee. Hugo de Melo Palma is currently an Academic Assistant in the Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies at the College of Europe. This paper is based on his Master’s thesis. Editorial Team: Benjamin Barton, André Ghione, Sieglinde Gstöhl, Dieter Mahncke, Jing Men, Anne- Claire Marangoni, Hugo Palma, Shannon Petry Dijver 11 | BE-8000 Bruges, Belgium | Tel. +32 (0)50 477 251 | Fax +32 (0)50 477 250 | E-mail [email protected] | www.coleurope.eu/ird Views expressed in the EU Diplomacy Papers are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect positions of either the series editors or the College of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Evading the War: Deserters and Draft Evaders from the Portuguese Army During the Colonial War
    Evading the War: Deserters and Draft Evaders from the Portuguese Army during the Colonial War Miguel Cardina1 Susana Martins2 Abstract This article analyzes the question of deserters and draft evaders from the Portuguese army during the colonial war. Utilizing as its starting point the recent discussions taking place about this issue in Portuguese society, the analysis seeks to expand the historiographical knowledge that has been built up about this theme, contributing fresh information and new interpretations relating to the matter of disobedience to military conscription. With this aim in mind, we set out to reevaluate the stance that Portugal’s opposition groups adopted in relation to the question of desertion, both at the domestic level and in exile, examining the various typologies relating to the “refusal” of the war and collecting new data on the topic. Important steps will thus be taken towards a quantification of this phenomenon, including the provision of analytical observations that help to put it into perspective. Keywords Colonial war; desertion; Estado Novo; anticolonialism Resumo O presente artigo toma como objeto de análise o lugar dos desertores e refratários da tropa portuguesa durante a guerra colonial. Partindo da forma como o tema tem vindo a ser debatido recentemente na sociedade portuguesa, procura-se avançar no conhecimento historiográfico sobre o tema, trazendo novas informações e interpretações sobre a desobediência à incorporação militar. Nesta medida, revisita- se a posição dos diversos sectores oposicionistas portugueses perante a deserção, no interior e no exílio, examinam-se as diferentes tipologias associadas à recusa da guerra e compilam-se dados novos sobre o tema, nomeadamente para a quantificação do fenómeno, complementados com notas analíticas que contribuem para a sua contextualização.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanctuary Lost: the Air War for ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, 1963-1974
    Sanctuary Lost: The Air War for ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, 1963-1974 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Martin Hurley, MA Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Professor John F. Guilmartin, Jr., Advisor Professor Alan Beyerchen Professor Ousman Kobo Copyright by Matthew Martin Hurley 2009 i Abstract From 1963 to 1974, Portugal and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde, or PAIGC) waged an increasingly intense war for the independence of ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, then a colony but today the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. For most of this conflict Portugal enjoyed virtually unchallenged air supremacy and increasingly based its strategy on this advantage. The Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa, abbreviated FAP) consequently played a central role in the war for Guinea, at times threatening the PAIGC with military defeat. Portugal‘s reliance on air power compelled the insurgents to search for an effective counter-measure, and by 1973 they succeeded with their acquisition and employment of the Strela-2 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile, altering the course of the war and the future of Portugal itself in the process. To date, however, no detailed study of this seminal episode in air power history has been conducted. In an international climate plagued by insurgency, terrorism, and the proliferation of sophisticated weapons, the hard lessons learned by Portugal offer enduring insight to historians and current air power practitioners alike.
    [Show full text]
  • 599 Perceptions of the Portuguese Civil Society
    Article received in July 2015 and accepted for publication in July 2015 PERCEPTIONS OF THE PORTUGUESE CIVIL SOCIETY ABOUT THE PORTUGUESE AIR FORCE PERCEÇÕES NA SOCIEDADE CIVIL PORTUGUESA SOBRE A FORÇA AÉREA Cristina Paula de Almeida Fachada Psychologist Major, Portuguese Air Force Chief Psychologist at the Air Force Psychology Centre PhDinSocial Psychology Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal [email protected] Abstract This study aims to understand how information is linked tothe perceptions (individual andknowledge construction process)of Portuguese civilian society about the Portuguese Air Force (PrtAF), using the research methodology recommended by theInstituto de Estudos Superiores Militares (Institute of Higher Military Studies),in particular the Quivy and Campenhoudt (1998) Method for Research in Social Sciences.In terms of results: (i) information was associated with the perceptionsof the section of civil society under analysis (106 students from three higher education degrees), accordingto the ability of the PrtAF to engage public attention and the perceived usefulness, not only of the accomplished operational missions, but also of its very reason of being; (ii) a frequent dissemination of news stories on newly accomplished missions showed a positive cumulative effect; (iii) the aforementioned associations were found to be enhanced dependingon the type of mass media used, the type of operational mission conducted and the content/connotation - neutral, positive or negative - of the disseminated news story; (iv) divulging relevant information about the PrtAF has the added value of increasing overall knowledge and filling existing gaps or flaws in the way the military environment is perceived. Keywords: Communication, Portuguese Air Force, Image, Information, News, Perception.
    [Show full text]
  • Portuguese Africa and the West
    Portuguese Africa and the West http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp20004 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Portuguese Africa and the West Author/Creator Minter, William Publisher Monthly Review Press, Penguin Books Date 1972-00-00 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Portugal, Lusophone Africa (region), Western Europe (region), North America (region), United States Coverage (temporal) 1941 - 1971 Rights By kind permission of William Minter. Description This book provides general background on Portuguse colonialism and anti-colonial struggles, with a particular focus on the role of Western powers, including the United States and Western Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • History 340 Revollition and FASCISM in SPAIN. ITALY AND
    UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON Department of History Semester II, 1988-1989 History 340 Mr. Payne REVOLliTION AND FASCISM IN SPAIN. ITALY AND PORTUGAL Description: This course examines the dramatic political and social conflicts of Spain, Italy and Portugal in modem Urnes. No other countries presented such a broad and full gamut of radical ideologies. movements and to some extent institutional changes since the nineteenth century. Main emphases will be on the breakthrough of modern liberalism. the rise of the revolutionary left. the onset of fascism. the Spanish Civil War. the Portuguese Revolution and the stabilization of the current democratic regimes. Study will be to some extent topical and comparative. analyzing all three countries in terms of similar conflicts. movements and phases of development. Lectures: There will be three lectures each week. punctuated and/or followed by questions or brief discussion. Exams and Assignments: There will be three hours of written exams. a one-hour six weeks exam and a two-hour final. In addition. all students must submit a five-page essay on additional reading from the recommended list (or some other book approved by the instructor) no later than April 12. Students registered for four credits must also prepare a research paper or a longer essay on additional reading (15 pages or more in length). the topic of which must be defined by individual consultation with the instructor no later than February 19. This will be due April 30. Graduate students registered for credit should consult with the instructor. Grading: For 3-credit students. the first exam will amount to about 25% of the final grade.
    [Show full text]
  • Author Title Hasluck Paul Workshop of Security. 2/14Th QMI Memorial Service: the Battle of Eland River. Australians in the Boer
    Author Title Hasluck Paul Workshop of Security. Memorial Service: The Battle of Eland River. 2/14th QMI Australians in the Boer War. A History of the 2/17 Australian Infantry 2/17 Battalion Committee Battalion, 1940 - 1945. "What We Have We Hold". A History of the 2/17 Australian Infantry 2/17 Battalion Committee Battalion, 1940 - 1945. "What We Have We Hold". Abbot Willis J. The Nations at War Abbott C.L.A. Australia's Frontier Province. The Missiles of October. The story of the Cuban Abel E. missile crisis. Abernethy J A Lot of Fun in My Life. Surgeon's Journey. The autobiography of J. Abraham J.J. Johnston Abraham. Abraham Tom The Cage. A Year in Vietnam. Abrahams P. Jamaica An Island Mosaic. Military Professionalization and Politiical Power. Abrahamsson Bengt (1972) Abshagen K. H. Canaris. Abu H. Tales of a Revolution. Accoce P. & Quat P. The Lucy Ring. Present at the Creation. My years in the State Acheson D. Department. Acheson O. Sketches From Life. Of men I have known. Ackland J. & Word from John. An Australian soldier's letters Ackland R. eds from his friends. Ackroyd J.I. Japan Today. The Great Delusion. A study of aircraft in peace Acworth B. 'neon' and war. A Life of John Hampden. The patriot, 1594 - Adair J. 1643. Adair Lawrens Glass Houses, Paper Men. Adair Lawrens Glass Houses, Paper Men. Adam Smith P. Prisoners of War. World War 2 Time-Life Books, v33, Italy at Adams Henry. War.. The South Wales Borderers (The 24th Adams J. Regiment of Foot). Adams M.
    [Show full text]
  • Namibia 1979 : Another Angola?
    NAMIBIA 1979 : ANOTHER ANGOLA? David Malcolm Stone HONIIMEK.GA nM* NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS NAiMIBIA 1979 : ANOTHER ANGOLA? by David Malcolm Stone March 1979 Thesis Advisor: J. Valenta Approved for public release; distribution unlimited T188660 "UOLEV KNOX LIBRARY -: WAL POSTGRADU/' "'^UHG l aSSifled .MONTERFYifift qi" SECUNITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE (Whun Dmm ent*r«<f> READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. nCPOMT NUMBCM 2. OOVT ACCESSION NO, 1. MECI^lENT'S CATALOG NUMaCn 4. TITLE rand 5u*»rf«) 5. TY^E OF REPORT k PERIOD COVERED Master's Thesis; Namibia 1979 : Another Angola? March 1979 «. PCHFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTMORf*; a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMSERfa) David Malcolm Stone • PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOORBSS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA * WORK UNIT NUMBERS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93940 1 I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Naval Postgraduate School March 1979 Monterey, CA 93940 19. NUMBER OF PAGES 168 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME * AOORESSCff (tlttmtmtt from ControlUnt Ottle*) IS. SECURITY CLASS, (el thia rifiert) Unclassified ts«. oeclassification/oowncraoinc SCHEDULE l«. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot ihia X*p«rO Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol th» •kacrael tnlfd In Blaek 20. II dllltmnt Iram Rmporii IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IS. KEY WORDS (ContttuM on tmwmtw aldm II ntcmammir and ZdMiXfr *r UocM numhmr) Namibia Liberation Movements Angola South Africa USSR - Africa Colonialism USA - Africa Majority Rule Apartheid Soviet Expansionism 20. ABSTRACT (CoittltnM an rmvmrmm •<«• II n«e«««arr «id IdmnUIr br *loeit mim^t) The struggle for majority rule in southern Africa is today a sub- ject of great concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Technology
    Contents MT 9/2017 · 1 Personal Statements of the Chiefs of Defence Gen. Othmar Commenda, Chief of Defence Staff of the Austrian Armed Forces ................................. 24 MILITARY Gen. Josef Becvar Chief of Defence TECHNOLOGY of the Czech Armed Forces ..................................... 26 The Political Order is Being Challenged .............................................. 4 Dennis-P. Merklinghaus Gen. Bjorn I. Bisserup, Chief of Danish Defence .......................................... 28 Opinion Negating the Chance for Transgender Troops ................................. 6 Andrew White Gen. Jarmo Lindberg, The Growing Misrepresentation of Military Capabilities.................. 6 Commander of the Guy Martin Finnish Defence Forces................................. ............ 30 The US State of Defence 2017: Eyeing Readiness First, Modernisation Later.................................... 8 Taylor Bright Gen. Claudio Graziano, Exports Will Be Important to Turkey's Strategic Plan Goals........... 9 Italian Chief of the Kubilay Han Italian Defence General Staff.................. ................. 32 Industrial Focus ..................................................................................... 12 MONS Gear Box .................................................................................... 23 Adm.· ~­ Haakon Bruun-Hanssen, Chief of Defence Norway ......................................... 33 Topic ·- Electro-Optical & Infrared (EO!IR) Developments........................... 43 Peter Dona/dson Airborne Electro-Optical
    [Show full text]