Notes on some euryhaline gammarids (Crustacea,
Amphipoda) from the west-coast of Norway
by
Henk G. Dennert
Institute of Taxonomie Zoology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract 1852, Gammarus oceanicus Segerstrâle, 1947,
Gammarus zaddachi Sexton, 1912, Gammarus fin- and Some data on the distribution in Norway on the marchicus Dahl, 1938, and Chaetogammarus ma- ecology of the euryhaline amphipods Gammarus duebe- rinus will be used in ni duebeni, G. oceanicus, G. zaddachi, G. finmarchicus (Leach, 1815) were found,
and Chaetogammarus marinus are presented in this comparing the four biotopes. In the investigated
paper. biotopes these five species were most abundant. Morphological differences between populations of G. Other as Gammarus salinus discussed. euryhaline gammarids, oceanicus are briefly Spooner, 1947, Gammarus setosus Dementieva,
1931, Chaetogammarus stoerensis (Reid, 1938) and
obtusatus (Dahl, together I. INTRODUCTION Eulimnogammarus 1938), with number the a of other species belonging to
Gammaridae and Talitridae, were found at several Relatively little is known about distribution and of the visited localities. ecology of members of the family Gammaridae in An extensive study of the limnicwaterbodiesand Norway. Records concerning the biology and distri- rivers in Norway was not made, since 0kland (1969 bution of the genera Gammarus, Chaetogammarus, & in detail about this In all of a b) reported subject. and Eulimnogammarus are found in the papers inland waters, Gammarus lacustris Sars, 1863, is Oldevig (1933 & 1959), Stephensen (1935-1942, the main Dahl representative. with a synopsis of the then known literature),
At some inland localities Gammarus duebeni is (1938, 1946 & 1952), Sexton & Spooner (1940),
found, but in a following it will be shown Sexton (1942), Schellenberg (1942), Segerstrâle paper
that these localities have a mixohaline na- (1947, 1948 & 1959), Spooner (1951), Steen (1951), always
and the found there is the brack - J. ture, subspecies Okland (1959), K.A. 0kland (1965, 1969 a & b, ishwater form, G. duebeni duebeni. For further in- 1970), Brattegard (1966), Ofstad & Solem (1966), formation regarding G. duebeni I refer to Pinkster Stock & Kant (1966), Stock (1967), Solem (1969) et al. (1970) and Sutcliffe (1972). and Vader (1969, 1971, 1972 a & b). In studying the samples it became that During a sampling trip in July 1971 along the apparent,
some taxonomie characters used in distinguishing Atlantic coast of Norway an attempt was made to from varied further G. oceanicus other Gammarus species, obtain information about some euryhaline in the examined. In of the above. populations a separate chapter species genera mentioned A survey (III) these differences will be discussed. was made in four biotopes: supralittoral rock-
pools, small springs in seacliffs with irregular sa-
linity changes, small estuaries, and the intertidal II. METHODS zone of the fjords. For practical reasons, and be-
the At all 177 localities visited and cause biotopes have some common character- temperature spe-
certain in cific of determined. istics (such as a similarity gammarid conductivity the water was
++ fauna and periodical changes in salt-content of the From a water-sample both CI" and Ca contents
determined in water) the small springs in seacliffs and small estu- were Amsterdam. aries Collected were considered together and the samples specimens have been deposited in the
of Uni- from these biotopes were pooled. Especially locali- collection the Zoologisch Museum of the ties where Gammarus duebeni duebeni Lilljeborg, versity of Amsterdam.
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III. DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGY BE- ment of Al are often somewhat shorter than the setae
of the corresponding tufts in typical G. oceanicus males. TWEEN G. OCEANICUS POPULATIONS
Typical G. oceanicus males show the following several As pointed out in the introduction, pop- features:
ulations of G. oceanicus show characteristics de- — An A2 flagellum with calceoli. viating from the typical distinguishing characters — The third segment of the mandible palp is ventrally and used as introduced by Segerstrâle (1947) by armed with a row of spinules which are mutually of a
Spooner (1951) and Kinne (1954). In these popula- size.
— Segment 1 of Al carries on its ventral surface two tions, which include ovigerous females, the males (rarely a small third) tufts of setae and an apical tuft; differ from the G. oceanicus in the follow- typical has four setae the segment 2 or five tufts of (including
ing characters: apical tuft).
— The A2 flagellum is devoid of calceoli Confusion thus might be caused between the atypi- — The third segment of the mandible palp is ventrally cal G. oceanicus and of armed with a row of spinules, which diminish regularly some representatives the in size in direction. proximal G. locusta-group (e.g., G. inaequicauda Stock,
— Segment 1 of Al bears on its ventral surface one thin 1966) but can be prevented by observing certain tuft bears of setae and an apical tuft of setae; segment 2 other typical G. oceanicus characters: three or four tufts of setae (including the apical tuft). The median palmar spine of the propodus of the The setae of the tufts on both the first and second seg-
Fig.1. G. oceanicus: of the typical form, from fjord at Mandal (body length 16.5 mm) and of the atypical
form, from Straumfjorden at Straumfjordnes (body length 16.3 mm).
a, first antenna typical form (scale 1); b, mandible palp typical form (scale 2); c, first antenna atypical form (scale 1); d, mandible palp atypical form (scale 2).
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Table I
Percentage of joint occurrence of Gammarus, Chaetogammarus, and Eulimnogammarus species in 3 investigated biotopes.
G. duebeni G. oceanicus G. oceanicus G. zaddachi G. finmarchicus Ch. marinus
ail samples atypical form
REFT REFT REFT RE FT R EFTRE FT
alone 82 54 37 62 — 40 38 33 45 36 — 31 — 24 —100 33 33 31 28
— — — G. duebeni 100 40 38 47 100 100 27 43 61 75 65 100 33 — 100 46 50
G. oceanicus 13 9 26 16 — 15 100 35 50 — 67 50 — 100 31 36
— G. zaddachi 37 11 13 — 40 17 18 — 100 — 7
— — — — G. finmarchicus 5 2 20 8 9 — 1814
G. setosus — 9 —-2 — 8 — 6
— — G. salinus 4 1 — — 25 6
Ch. marinus — 5 26 9 — 20 17 15 — — 9 7 —8—6
Ch. stoerensis — — 72 1514
Eu. obtusatus — 4 — 1 — — 4 3
total number 37 22 27 86 5 5 24 34 2 1 11 14 — 13 4 17 2 1 3 6 — 1 13 14
of the samples
of 43 26 31 15 15 70 percentage 14 8 78 — 76 24 33 17 50 — 8 92
the samples in
each biotope
for each species
R = F rockpools = fjords
estuaries E = and small streams in sea-cliffs T total percentage of joint occurrence
second leg is pointed and tapering (not "flask- IV. DISTRIBUTION OF THE INVESTIGATED
shaped"), the propodus of the second leg is round- SPECIES ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST
the of the third has OF NORWAY. ish, exopod uropod many
plumose setae, and the lateral lobes of the head are of the stations Lagunogammarus- type (see Sket, 1971) The maps (figs. 2 and 3) indicate the at
which is for found in which the have been collected in Nor- instance G. zaddachhi, G. gammarids oceanicus and G. salinus. In 1 the differences Stations at which were found fig. way. no gammarids
between the typical and atypical form are illus- are not indicated to avoid confusion. The appen- The localities trated. where the atypical form was dix contains a list of all the localities with gamma-
found are indicated the in rids and data of each This on map fig. 3. some ecological locality.
of includes number of records of the In the southern part Norway only specimens list a great new of the typical form were found, more to the north species concerned.
mixed populations and populations with the atyp- In table I the joint occurence of the species as
form ical only. Neither in the biotopes inhab- well as the frequency in each of the three biotopes
ited the two nor in the live summarized. by forms, way they asso- investigated are ciated with other Gammarus species any difference It shows, that G. duebeni duebeni inhabits main-
was found between the two forms (cf. table I, ly the supralittoral rockpools. Only in pseudo-su-
chapter IV). However, it seems plausible to sup- pralittoral rockpools, situated in the lowest part of that the mentioned above the black the of the eulittoral pose variability may be zone, at boundary
influenced by temperature and possibly by other and supralittoral, the species coexists with factors. factors These may have a considerable ef- G. oceanicus and G. finmarchicus. In small estu-
fect on the of the animals development in a way we aries and at places where springs in seacliffs reach
do not understand and lives yet quite may cause the the sea, the species associated with G. zad-
morphological variability described. dachi. The substratum is mostly sand or mud with
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Norway.
in duebeni duebeni
G.
with stations Positive
2.
Fig.
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Norway.
in duebeni, duebeni
G. except gammarids,
with stations Positive
3.
Fig.
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scattered boulders. In fjords, G. duebeni is practi- tum is sand or gravel.
cally limited to the upper algae zones with Pelvetia Ch. marinus was never found in rockpools, and
and Ascophyllum and is sometimes found inter- was encountered only once in an estuary. In the
tidally on gravel beaches. This species lives here Fucus zone of the fjords (the main biotope of
mainly in association with G. oceanicus on algae Ch. marinus), the substratum on which the animals
and with Ch. marinus under boulders. were found consists of rock or boulders. Here
G. the eulittoral duebeni is oceanicus occupies chiefly zone G. a common companion of Ch. marinus.
of the fjords, where the species is found in fairly From the few samples available containing
shallow water among stones, on Fucus and other G. finmarchicus, a certain preference of this species
algae, on a bottom of sand or pebbles. In this habi- for the littoral zone of the fjords and pseudo-
tat G. oceanicus occurs together with G. duebeni, supralittoral rockpools can be discerned. The sub-
but also with G. zaddachi and Ch. marinus. The stratum on which the animal was found was rock
the substratum in running waters, e.g. mouths of small or sand, sometimes covered with algae from
with Fucus The with G. rivers, is sand or sandy mud an Enteromorpha zone. species occurs together
vegetation and here the species coexists with duebeni and G. oceanicus.
G. duebeni and G. zaddachi. In pseudo-supralitto- In the figs. 4A and 4B the localities at which the
ral rockpools G. oceanicus lives associated with gammarids were caught are classified with regard
G. duebeni and G. finmarchicus. to the type of biotope and the contents of CI - and
++ G. zaddachi lives mostly in running waters, and Ca -ions of the water. Table II summarizes the
estuaries minimum maximum of ++ never in rockpools. In the species is as- and values the CI" and Ca
sociated mainly with G. duebeni, in fjords adjacent contents, the specific conductivity and temperature
to estuaries it is associated with G. duebeni and (at daytime) of the water of the biotopes from
G. In the estuaries the substratum which G. duebeni G. G. oceanicus. con- duebeni, oceanicus, zad-
sists of sand or mud, in the fjords, in the highest dachi, G. finmarchicus and Ch. marinus were col-
littoral zone where the species occurs, the substra- lected.
Table II
++ Minimum and maximum values of Cl- and Ca contents, specific conductivity and temperature of the water of the biotopes inhabited by the five species investigated in Norway.
- in Cl in mg/1 Ca++ in mg/1 Spec, conductivity temperature °C in /iS
min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max.
G. duebeni R 15 20000 <5 376 170 36230 8.6 28.6
E 4 17000 <5 228 45 34500 7.4 18.4
F 18 17900 <5 376 85 33300 9.8 18.6
G. oceanicus R 4600 16100 84 276 11060 36040 9.0 14.1
E 5 12700 <5 302 45 23970 8.3 21.0
F 18 17900 14 385 85 35250 9.8 18.2
G. zaddachi R
E 5 69 <5 17 45 395 8.3 17.8
F 18 6100 14 118 85 15820 13.4 17.0
G. finmarchicus R 11600 12100 257 261 24890 25310 12.0 14.1
E 2450* 63* 7200* 10.4*
F 10900 17000 204 357 23960 33520 10.8 12.4
Ch. marinus R
E 5* F 2000 17500 38 367 5850 33300 10.4 22.4 * available estuaries and small in sea-cliffs = only one sample E = streams R = rockpools F = fjords Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:23:13AM via free access 166 H. G. DENNERT - EURYHALINE GAMMARIDS FROM NORWAY Fig. 4A. Localities with the species investigated classified with regard to the Cl- content of the water and the type of biotope. ++ Fig. 4B. Localities with the five species investigated classified with regard to the Ca content of the water and the of number of type biotope. (n = stations). Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:23:13AM via free access BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 43 (2) - 1973 167 V. DISCUSSION with an extreme low salinity at low tide. Jones (1948) notes the occurrence of Ch. marinus in estu- The facts and figures presented in chapter IV aries in Britain, but fails to give minimum values about physical and chemical environment charac- of the salinity at ebbtide. At hightide the chlorini- and the which the the is 5500 Cl". Robelus ters, substratum on investigated ty of water mg/1 (1970, value species occur, agree fairly well with the scattered unpublished) gives as minimum at which he facts known from other publications, which, how- found Ch. marinus in small streams in the cliffs of ever, are mainly concerned with localities outside the French Channel coast, a CI" content of 74 Norway, while in this paper a systematic investiga- mg/ 1. In the intertidalbelt in the Netherlands, Den is of these environmen- and Vlasblom & Bolier found tion made on the variability Hartog (1964) (1971) tal in relation the at minimum of 7000 parameters to investigated spe- populations a chlorinity mg/1 cies in Norway. CI". Habitat selection of the species mentionedin this From the data presented it can be concluded, that G. oceanicus and Ch. wider paper is discussed earlier in a more general way by marinus occur at a Steen (1951), Brattegard (1966) and Meadows & salinity range than was known from the literature. No distinction be between Campbell (1972). can made the typical and form of G. oceanicus with Specifically it can be said, that the observations atypical regard to the about of discussed above. Joint habitat (including CI" content the water) environmental factors oc- of G. duebeni duebeni are in agreement with the currence of two or more of the investigated species findings of Kinne (1953a, 1954), Hynes (1954), is possible in all biotopes studied (see table I). Sutcliffe (1967, 1971) and Pinkster et al. (1970). When the conditions become suboptimal for some G. had been found of the the of associated Up to now oceanicus never at species, numbers species in the very low salinities. According to Serventy (1935), drop. Finally, most extreme biotope, the Segerstrâle (1947, 1959), and Steele & Steele (1972) supralittoral rockpools, in 82 % of the positive sta- this is tions found is G. duebeni duebeni. species limited to waters with a salinity of the only species 2.5 with about more than %0 which corresponds , ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1500 mg/1 Cl~. According to Steen (1951) the spe- The author is Prof. Dr. H. Stock for his cies is found at salinities down to indebted to J. l%0 (corre- advice in taxonomie and Mr. J. with problems, to Zaagman sponding a CI" content of about 600 mg/1). In for his assistence in making the graphs. Furthermore I seven of the present records of G. oceanicus in owe thanks to Drs. A. L. Dennert for her help during the the of the water was less then Norway chlorinity fieldwork and the chemical determinations, to Mr. R. 600 A Robelus for the he and mg/1 (see appendix). much lower minimum samples put at my disposal, to the Netherlands' Organization for Pure Scientific Re- salinity must therefore be assumed for this species. search (ZWO) for a grant, that made the fieldwork This can be explained by the low temperature in possible. northern because areas, Kinne (1952, 1953b) has evidence low provided experimental that tempera- APPENDIX tures favour survival of Gammarus at low salin- LIST OF LOCALITIES WHERE GAMMARIDS WERE ities. COLLECTED The data presented concerning G. zaddachi are G. duebeni was found at the stations: 1-5, 8-14, 17-19, in with those known complete agreement from the 21-24, 26-30, 32, 34-43, 47, 48, 50, 54-57, 59-62, 65-70, literature (Sexton 1912, Segestrâle 1947, Kinne 72-74, 76-79, 81, 83-90, 92-94, 97, 98, 100-106, 108-112, 115-117. 1954, Stock, Nijssen & Kant 1966, Dennert et al. G. oceanicus was found at the stations: 2, 6, 7, 18, 22, 1969). 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 44, 47, 50, 51, 53, 59, 63, 64, 75, 77, G. finmarchicus is found in Norway exclusively 80, 84, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 109, in mixohaline waters of rockpools and in the tidal 113, 114, 118. belt of ++ G. zaddachi was found at the stations: 2, 10, fjords. Neither on the CI" and Ca contents 12, 18, 22, of the 27, 30, 45, 46, 52, 53, 61, 64, 76, 82, 86, 92, 96. water, nor about the other environmental G. finmarchicus was found at the stations: 50, 58, 71, factors discussed here, exact observations are 91, 93, 110. known. Dahl Sexton (1938, 1946), & Spooner G. setosus was found at the stations 12 and 94. and (1940) Brattegard (1966) mention the lower G. salinus was found at station 2. Ch. found half of the stoerensis was at the stations 39 and 40. littoral zone as the typical biotope for Ch. marinus was found at the stations: 13-16, 20, 26, 27, this species. 31, 33, 37, 39, 40, 44, 84. In one case Ch. marinus is found in an estuary Eul. obtusatus was found at the stations 51 and 94. Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:23:13AM via free access 168 H. G. DENNERT - EURYHALINE GAMMARIDS FROM NORWAY LIST OF STATIONS mg/1, spec, conductivity 85 /xS. 19 —• Rockpool at Utfjorden, Anda, pos.: 61°52'N, Prov. Vestfold: 6°0.5'30"E, 6-VII-1971, temp. 15.4°C, Cl-2250 ++ 1 — Ditch Ca 61 6210 near Borrevartn, pos.: 59°25'30"N, 10°25' mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity /xS. 50"E, brackish the 20 —- 61°50'N. 29-VIII-1958, water (to taste). Utfjorden/Gloppenfjorden, Anda, pos.: Prov. Vest-Agder: 6°05'30"E, 6-VIM971, temp. 15.2°C, Cl-2000 ++ 2 — 58°01' Ca 48 5850 Fjord at camping Mandai, Mandai, pos.: mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. Cl-6100 21 — N, 7°26'30"E, l-VII-1971, temp. 16.2°C, Lusterfjord near Skjolden, pos.: 61°29'20"N, Ca ++ 118 15820 mg/1, mg/l, spec, conductivity pS. 7°36'E, 3-VI-1970, temp. 11.2°C, Cl-4440 mg/1. 3 — 22 — the mouth of Rockpools near fjord at camping Mandai, pos.: Gaupnefjord near the Jostedal- 58°01'N, 7°26'30"E, l-VII-1971, temp. 24.5°C, selva, pos.: 61°24'N, 7°17'20"E, 4-VI-1970, temp. C1105 420 15.3°C, Cl-580 mg/1, spec, conductivity mg/1. Prov. 23 — 6°32' Rogaland: Vetlefjorden near Svearen, pos.: 61°17'N, 4 — CI 230 Rockpool at sea at Tananger, pos.: 58°56'20"N, E, 6-VI-1970, temp. 8.8°C, mg/1. ++ —- from 5°34'E, 2-VII-1971, temp. 17.0°C, Ca 241 mg/1, 24 Innvikfjorden, 10 km Olden, pos.: 61°51' 31640 Cl-130 spec, conductivity pS. 30"N, 6°48'E, 7-VI-1970, temp. 11.4°C, ++ 5 — Ca Rockpool at Syrafjorden, Ferringstadhamn, pos.: mg/1, <5 mg/1. 25 — 6-VI- 59° 13'40"N, 5°10'E, 2-VII-1971, temp. 16.0°C, CI Sognefjord at Hella, pos.: 61°13'N, 6°36'E, 8100 Ca++118 C17800 Ca++134 mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 1970, temp. 19.0°C, mg/1, mg/1. Romsdal: 18460 juS. Prov. More og — 6 26 — 6°03' Söndregäpet, Hestnes, pos.: 58°26'N, 6°01'E, Killspollen, Straumshamn, pos.: 62°04'N, Cl-10500 14.1 6800 Ca++ 1-VII-1971, temp. 13.8°C, mg/1, spec, E, 6-Vn-1971, temp. °C, CI mg/1, 21700 133 17280 conductivity /iS. mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. 7 — Mouth river 27 — Rivermouth E. of at Ferkingstadhamn, pos.: 59°13'40" South-point Killspollen, N, 5° 10'30"E, 2-VII-1971, temp. 21.0°C, CM67 Straumshamn, pos.: 62°03'N, 6°03'E, 6-VIT-1971, Ca++14 Ca ++ mg/1, mg/1. temp. 13.2°C, Cl"5 mg/1, <5 mg/1, spec, Prov. Hordaland: conductivity 45 /iS. 8 — 28 — 10 m E. of mouth Straums- Rockpool at Bömlafjorden, Valevâg, pos.: 59° river, Killspollen, 42'N, 5°29'E, 2-VII-1971, temp. 22.6°C, Cl-20000 hamn, pos.: 62°03'N, 6°03'E, 6-VII-1971, temp. Ca++376 36230 13.4°C, Cl-2800 Ca++59 con- mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. mg/1, mg/l. spec, 9 — Mouth cliffstream in side-branch of Kobbaleia- ductivity 8010 pS. 29 — fjord, Kolltveit, pos.: 60°20'40"N, 5°03'E, 4-VII- Rockpool at Storfjorden, Solevâg, pos.: 62°25'N, Cl-65 1971. temp. 18.4°C, CF14 mg/1, Ca++ <5 mg/1. 6°20'E, 7-VII-1971, temp. 16.2°C, mg/1, ++ 270 spec, conductivity 70 pS. Ca <5 mg/1, spec, conductivity /»S. 10 — River under road between Ytre and 30 — River into 62° 560, Arna running Storfjorden, Tyssa, pos.: Arna. 29'30"N, 6°44'E, 15.7°C, Cl" pos.: 60°27'N, 5°27'30"E, 5-VII-1971,temp. 7-Vn-1971, temp. CI-69 58 Ca ++ 17 240 14.8°C, mg/1, spec, conductivity 395 pS. mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity /JS. 11 — Ytre 31 — 62°25'N, 6°20'E, 7- Sörfjord, Arna, pos.: 60°27'N, 5°27'30"E, Storfjorden, Solevâg, pos.: 5-VTT-1971, VII-1971, Cl-3490 Ca ++ 322 sand beach, no watersample. temp. 14.4°C, mg/1, 12 — Mouth of river 30800 at Ytre Samlafjorden, South of mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. 32 — Mouth of river W. of Isfjorden near Brevik, Oystese, pos.: 60°23'N, 6°12'E, 5-VII-1971, temp. 11.8°C, CI 8 Ca+ conduc- 62°35'N, 7°45'E, 8-VII-1971, 17.3°C, mg/1, +<5 mg/1. spec, pos.: temp. 150 Cl-400 Ca++ 20 tivity pS. mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity — 1260 S. 13 Ytre Samlafjorden, 100 m E. of river, 0ystese, ß 33 — pos.: 60°23'N, 6°12'E, 5-VII-1971, temp. 17.8° Isfjorden near Tokle, Andalsnes, pos.: 62°35'N, Cl'5200 Ca++ 102 conduc- 18.2°C, CM4800 C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, 7°45'E, 8-Vn-1971, temp. mg/1. 34 — 62°40' tivity 13500 /JS. Rockpool at Langfjorden, Sölsnes, pos.: — 28.6°C, CF 14 Ytre Samlafjorden, 10 m E. of river, 0ystese, 15"N, 7°27'40"E, 8-VII-1971, temp. 170 pos.: 60°23'N, 6°12'E, 5-VII-1971, temp. 15.9°C, 15 mg/1, Ca++17 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. ++ 3600 Ca 70 35 — CI mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity Pseudo-supralittoral rockpool at Kristiansund, 8610 pS. pos.: 63°07'30"N, 7°43'E, 8-VII-1971, temp. 17.4° ++ 15 — S. of C, Cl-34 Ca 22 Fjord Salhus, pos.: 60°29'20"N, 5°10'15" mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity E, 4-VII-1971, temp. 19.0°C, Cl-5100 mg/1, Ca++ 240 juS. —- Kristiansund, 63°07'30"N, 86 mg/1, spec, conductivity 11230 /iS. 36 Rockpool at pos.: 16 — W. of the road at 7°43'E, 8-VII-1971, 18.0°C, Cl-23 mg/1, Fjord, Röd, Förde, pos.: temp. ++ 117 59°35'20"N, 5°25'30"E, 2-VII-1971, temp. 22.4° Ca <5 mg/1, spec, conductivity juS. Cl-15500 Ca++286 conduc- 37 — Kvitnes, 63°01'N, 7°47'E, 8- C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, Freifjorden, pos.: tivity 29830 pS. VII-1971, temp. 15.0°C, Cl"15100 mg/1, Ca++346 30600 Prov. Sogn og Fjordane: mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 38 — 63°01'N, 17 —■ Mouth brook at N.W. point of Vetlefjorden, Rockpool at Freifjorden, Kvitnes, pos.: 61° 7°47'E, Cl-10500 Svaeren, pos.: 17'N, 6°31'E, 6-VII-1971, temp. 8-VH-1971, temp. 23.0°C, mg/1, CI 8 Ca ++ 15 conduc- 22500 10.4°C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, spec, conductivity /iS. 72 39 — 7°H'E, tivity pS. Norddalsfjord at Eisdal, pos.: 62°16'N, + 18 — 9-VI-1970, Cl 5600 Ca+ 75 Vetlefjorden, Svaeren, pos.: 61°17'N, 6°31'E, temp. 12.0°C, mg/1, 6-VII-1971, temp. 17.0°C, Cl-18 mg/1, Ca++20 mg'l. Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:23:13AM via free access BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 43 (2) - 1973 169 ++ 40 — 62°38'20"N, 7°30' CI 16100 Ca 276 Rödvenfjord at Rödven, pos.: temp. 13.2°C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, + E, 9-VI-1970, temp. 19.4°C, Cl-7000 mg/l, Ca+ conductivity 36040 ßS. 111 60 — 66°02' mg/l. Rockpool at Fjord at Leinesodden, pos.: — 41 Tingvollfjorden at Eidsöra, pos.: 62°48'30"N, N, 12°41'E, 14-VII-1971, temp. 18.5°C, CI-3800 C12700 ++ 8790 8°11'30"E, 10-VI-1970, temp. 14.0°C, mg/1, Ca 80 mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. mg/l, Ca++38 mg/l. 61 — Mouth Saksenkivelka at Saltdalsfjorden, Saltdal, 42 — island 63°20'30" Fjord at Skjölberg, Smöla, pos.: pos.: 67°06'30"N, 15°27'E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 8°02'E, Cl-30 Cl-66 conduc- N, 9-VIM971, temp. 18.2°C, mg/l, 9.5°C, mg/1, Ca++<5 mg/1, spec, Ca++ 13 190 mg/l, spec, conductivity pS. tivity 250 jtiS. 43 — Mouth brook 63°20'30"N. 62 — near Skjölberg. dos.: Rockpool at Nedrevatnet, Fauske, pos.: 67°15'N, 8°02'E, 9-VII-1971, temp. 18.4°C, Cl"4 mg/1, 15°26'30"E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 13.4°C, CM 150 Ca++ 13 160 Ca ++ 27 3960 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 44 — at 62°06'10"N, 63 — 15° Geirangerfjord Geiranger, pos.: Saltdalsfjorden at Saltdal, pos.: 67°06'30"N, 7°12'30"E, 8-VI-1970, temp. 10.2°C, Cl-2430 mg/ 27'E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 12.6°C, Cl-840 mg/1, ++ Ca 38 Ca++14 2550 1, mg/L mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. — 45 Mouth and marches river — 15° outer near Tyssa, pos.: 64 Fjord Fauske Vika, Fauske, pos.: 67°15'N, 62°29'30"N, 6°44'E, 7-VII-1971, temp. 15.7°C, 27'30"E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 13.4°C, CI 680 mg/ Cl-750 mg/1, Ca++22 conductivity Ca++ 14 2170 mg/1, spec, 1, mg/1, spec, conductivity /tS. 2475 65 — pS. Törrfjorden, Vlegârden, pos.: 67°22'N, 15°37'E, 46 — River into 1 km W. of ++ running Batnfjorden, 15-VII-1971, temp. 12.4°C, Cl-51 mg/1, Ca <5 8-VII- 200 Batnfjordsöra, pos.: 62°55'N, 7°40'3O"E, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 1971, 17.8°C, Cl-31 Ca++15 66 — temp. mg/1, mg/1, Leirfjorden, Sommarset, pos.: 67°32'N, 15°36'E, spec, conductivity 160 pS. 15-VII-1971, temp. 13.3°C, CI 3800 mg/1, Ca" Prov. Sör-Trondelag: 54 10110 mg/1, spec, conductivity nS. — 47 8°39' — Fröyhavet Fjord, Tuvnes, pos.: 63°44'30"N, 67 Cliffbrook N. of Kalviktunnel, Sommarset, pos.: E, 10-VII-1971, temp. 14.8°C, CI 39 mg/1, spec, 67°32'N, 15°36'E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 9.0°C, Cl" 220 pS. 2 49 conductivity mg/1. Ca++<5 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. — 48 63°35'30"N, — Storvatnet, Musdal, pos.: 9°38'5"E, 68 Rockpool at Leirfjorden, Sommarset, pos.: 67° CI 70 Ca++47 ll-VII-1971, temp. 14.0°C, mg/1, 32'N, 15°32'E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 17.0°C, CF 1190 ++ mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 4900 mg/1, Ca 112 mg/1, spec, conductivity 49 — at Mölnbukt, 63° 12660 S. Rockpool Stjörnfjorden, pos.: M 37'30"N, 9°39'E, ll-VII-1971, 14.0°C, Cl- 69 — 15° temp. Sagfjorden, Tömmerneset, pos.: 67°55'30"N, 5000 ++ mg/1, Ca 109 mg/1, spec, conductivity 53'E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 14.2°C, CF194 mg/1, 11340 Ca++ 9 660 mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. — 50 63°37'30"N, 70 — Stjörnfjorden at Mölnbukt, pos.: Rockpool at Presteidfjorden, Hammaröy, pos.: 9°39'E, ll-VII-1971, temp. 11.0°C, CM7000 mg/ 68°05'30"N, 15°37'30"E, 15-VII-1971, temp. 13.9° Ca++357 33520 Cl 2150 Ca++ 61 1, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 51 — 63°29'30" Hemnefjorden near ferry, Sunde, pos.: 5850 /iS. N, 9°10'E, 10-VII-1971, 12.0°C, Cl-17000 — marsh, temp. 71 Rivulet on temporary dry Presteidfjorden, Ca++ 341 34350 15- mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. Hammaröy, pos.: 68°05'30"N. 15°37'30"E, 52 — Rivulet 63°29' near Hemnefjorden, Sunde, pos. VII-1971, temp. 10.4°C, Cl-2450 mg/1, Ca++63 30"N, 9°10'E, 10-VII-1971, 16.4°C, C120 7200 temp. mg/1. spec, conductivity pS. ++ mg/1, Ca <5 mg/1, conductivity 100 72 — 68°27' spec, pS. Rockpool at Rombaken, Fossetua, pos.: 53 — Rivermouth near ferry at Hemnefjorden, Sunde, N, 17°31'30"E, 16-VII-1971, temp. 18.4°C, Ch o o 63 29'30"N, 9 10'E, lO-VII-1971, 7200 Ca ++ 143 pos.: temp. mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 16.5°C, Ca++ 28 2490 mg/l, spec, conductivity 17300 MS. Prov. Nordland: 73 — Cliffstream running into Rombaken, Fossetua, 54 — 13- Kolbotn, Arsandöy, pos.: 65°04'N, 12°11'E, pos.: 68°27'N, 17°31'30"E, 16-VII-1971, temp. VII-1971, 10.4°C, CM7900 Ca++296 Cl-4 Ca++ conduc- temp. mg/1, 8.2°C, mg/1, <5 mg/1, spec, 27250 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. tivity 76 pS. 55 — Möl- — Pseudo-supralittoral rockpool at Sörfjorden, 1A Rombakenfjorden, Fossetua, pos.: 68°27'N, 17° lebogen, pos.: 65°03'30"N, 12°04'E, 13-V1I-1971, 31'30"E, 16-VII-1971, temp. 9.1 °C, Cl-630 mg/1, CF9200 Ca++ 137 Ca ++26 2250 temp. 12.0°C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, mg/1, spec, conductivity ßS. conductivity 18900 75 — 13° Fjord near Reine, Lofoten, pos.: 67°56'N, — 56 Rockpool at Holm, pos.: 65°10'30"N, 12°07'E, 16'20"E, 18-VIII-1939 (no further details known). 13-VII-1971, temp. 12.0°C, Cl-218 mg/1, Ca++8 Prov. Troms: 730 76 — at mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. Gratangsbotn Rivermouth, Fjordbotn, pos.: 57 — Creek into 65" running Torgfjorden, Berg, pos.: 68°40'N, 17°24'E, 16-VII-1971, temp. 12.0°C, Cl" 23'N, 12°16'30"E, 13-VII-1971, temp. 9.8°C, Cl-12 mg/1, Ca++13 mg/1, spec, conductivity 112 160 Ca++33 800 mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. o — 58 Berg, 65°23'N, 12°16'30"E, 77 — 68 51'30"N, Torgfjorden, pos.: Sagfjorden, Ottera, pos.: 17°48'E, ++ 13-VII-1971, temp. 10.8°C, Cl-15700 mg/1, Ca 17-VII-1971, temp. 10.4°C, CI 2600 mg/1, Ca++83 361 30740 6930 mg/1, spec, conductivity /tS. mg/1, spec, conductivity yuS. — at 59 Brön- — Rockpool Harmfjorden, near camping 78 Rockpool at Sagfjorden, Ottera, pos.: 68°51'30" nöysund, pos.: 65°26'30"N, 12°12'E, 14-VII-1971, N, 17°48'E, 17-VII-1971, temp. 12.4°C, CM290 Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:23:13AM via free access 170 H. G. DENNERT - EURYHALINE GAMMARIDS FROM NORWAY Ca ++48 3780 mg/1, mg/I. spec, conductivity pS. 30"N, 22°59'30"E, 19-VII-1971, temp. 11.0°C, + 79 — Rivulet into Cl- 14800 Ca +133 running Balsfjorden, Kvitberg, pos.: mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 28120 S. 69°15'30"N, 19°27'E, 17-VII-1971, temp. 9.7°C, ß ++ Cl-6 Ca 73 98 — Beach of under mg/1, <5 mg/1, spec, conductivity Altafjorden, boulders, Inestoften, 70°08'30"N, „S. pos.: 22°59'30"E, 19-VII-1971, no 80 — Balsfjorden, Kvitberg, pos.: 69°15'30"N, 19°27' water sample. 11.4°C, CL13500 99 — at 22° E, 17-VII-1971, temp. mg/1, Altafjorden Inestoften, pos.: 70°08'30"N, Ca++315 28350 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 59'30"E, 19-VII-1971, temp. 10.6°C, Cl-16200 81 — 69°22' 28930 Rockpool at Balsfjorden, Laksvatn, pos.: mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. Cl- 100 — 30"N, 19°21'E, 17-VII-1971, temp. 13.7°C, Rockpool at Altafjorden, Rafsbotn, pos.: 70°N, 4600 Ca++104 Cl-390 mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 23°29'30"E, 21-VIM971, temp. 19.4°C, 12150 Ca++328 1310 pS. mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 82 — River from lake Ytre 101 — to Balsfjorden, Laksvatn, Altafjorden, Rafsbotn, pos.: 70°N, 23°29'30"E, 69°23'N, 19°22'E, 10.4° pos.: 17-VIM971, temp. 21-VII-1971, temp. 14.2°C, spec, conductivity Cl-9 ++ C, mg/1, Ca <5 mg/1, spec, conductivity 11530 fiS. 64 102 — pS. Rockpool at Porsangen, Repvâg, pos.: 70°45'N, 83 — Rockpool at Tromsöysundet, camping Tromsö, 25°41'E, 21-VII-1971, temp. 10.4°C, Cl-4500 mg/ 640 pos.: 69°37'30"N, 18°54'E, 17-VII-1971, temp. 1, spec, conductivity ßS. ++ Cl-13900 Ca 304 103 — 13.6°C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, con- Rockpool at Nordkapp, pos.: 71°09'30"N, 25°48' ductivity 31050 pS. 30"E, 22-VII-1971, temp. 9.6X, Cl-7400 mg/1, ++ 84 — Ca 96 11530 Tromsöysundet, camping Tromsö, pos.: 69°37'30" mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. 18°54'E, Cl-17500 104 — 71°06'30" N, 17-VII-1971, temp. 10.4°C, Rockpool at Risfjorden, Skarsvâg, pos.: Ca++ 367 33300 mg/1, mg/1. spec, conductivity pS. N, 25°49'30"E, 22-VII-1971, temp. 9.0°C, Ch ++ 85 — Cliffstream into 4600 Ca 84 11060 running Lyngen, Rasteby, pos.: mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 69°24'N, 20°09'E, 17-VII-1971, temp. 8.5°C, CL /»S. 3 96 105 — mg/1, Ca++<5 mg/I, spec, conductivity pS. Two rockpoo'is at Porsangen, Nordmanset, pos.: 86 — 500 from the 26° Jaegervatnet m fjord, pos.: 69°44' 70°06'N, 16'E, 22-VII-1971, temp. 8.6°C, Cl- 19°49'E, 19-VII-1971, ++ N, temp. 10.0°C, CL6 mg/ 20 mg/1, Ca <5 mg/1, spec, conductivity 110 ßS. 53 106 — Cliffstream 1, spec, conductivity pS. at Porsangen, Ytre Gâradak, pos.: 87 — Mouth 19- 70° 10.6°C, Jaegervatnet, pos.: 69°44'N, 19°49'E, 15'30"N, 25°02'E, 22-VII-1971, temp. Cl-26 VII-1971, temp. 10.0°C, mg/1, Ca++<5 mg/ Cl-10600 mg/1, Ca++228 mg/1, spec, conductivity 77 23960 S. 1, spec, conductivity pS. M 88 — Cliffstream at 107 — Lyngen, Lyngmoen, pos.: 69°40'N, Porsangen, Nordmanset, pos.: 70°06'N, 20°16'E, 20°29'30"E, 19-VH-1971, temp. 7.4°C, Cl-10 mg/ 22-VII-1971, temp. 11.2°C, CM6900 mg/1, Ca++ Ca + 68 316 32270 1, +<5 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 89 — — Rockpool at Straumfjorden, pos.: 69°51'N, 21° 108 Rockpools at Austerbotn, Strâskogen, pos.: 70° Cl-11400 Cl" 13'E, 19-VII-1971, temp. 13.3°C, mg/1, 04'N, 25°09'E, 22-VII-1971, temp. 16.0°C, Ca++ 239 23970 7700 Ca ++ 198 mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 90 — Cliffstream into running Straumfjorden, Straum- 18080 ixS. 109 — fjordnes, pos.: 69°51'N, 21°13'E, 19-VII-1971, Austerbotn, Strâskogen, pos.: 70°04'N, 25°09'E, CL4 ++ Cl-14100 Ca++ temp. 10.2°C, mg/1, Ca <5 mg/1, spec, 22-VII-1971, temp. 11.5°C, mg/1, 79 327 31350 conductivity pS. mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. 91 — 110 — Straumfjorden at Straumfjordnes, pos.: 69°51'N, Rockpool at Laksefjorden, Landersfjorden, pos.: 21°13'E, 19-VII-1971, temp. 12.4°C, Cl-10900 70°25'30"N, 26°43'30"E, 22-VII-1971, temp. Ca++204 Cl-12100 Ca++261 mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 23960 pS. 12.0°C, mg/1, mg/1, spec, con- 92 — Mouth in 24890 Navetkjokka Straumen, Navet, pos.: ductivity liS. 21°56'E, Ill — Two 69°47'N, 19-VII-1971, temp. 8.3°C, spec, rockpools at Munkfjorden, Munknes, pos.: conductivity 230 pS. 69°42'N, 29°37'E, 23-VIM971, temp. 16.2°C, + 93 — Cl-10000 Ca+ 204 Rockpool atStraumen, Kjaekar., pos.: 69°46'30"N, mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity Cl-11600 23050 22°05'E, 19-VII-1971, temp. 14.1°C, pS. Ca++257 25310 112 — Cliffstream 69° mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. at Munkfjorden, Munknes, pos.: 94 — Little tidal Cl- stream on marsh S. of Alteidelva, Al- 42'N, 29°37'E, 23-VII-1971, temp. 11.2°C, teidet, pos.: 70°01'30"N, 22°05'E, 19-VH-1971, 17000 mg/1. CLIO 113 — 69°42'30"N, temp. 7.4°C, mg/1, Ca++<5 mg/1, spec, Langfjorden at Straumdalen, pos.: conductivity 80 pS. 29°57'E, 23-VII-1971, temp. 12.4°C, CM 1700 ++ 95 — Mouth S. of Ca 261 24400 river, Alteidelva, Aldeidet, pos.: 70° mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity /iS. 01'30"N, 114 — Veinesbukta 28° 20°05'E, 19-VII-1971, temp. 8.3°C, CL at Grasbakken, pos.: 70°05'N, ++ 12700 Ca 302 47'E, Cl-17900 mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 23-VII-1971, temp. 9.8°C, mg/1, 23970 Ca++335 34430 pS. mg/1, spec, conductivity pS. 96 — Mouth of the 16' 115 — 70° Malselva, Nordstrand, pos.: 69° Rockpool at Veinesbukta, Grasbakken, pos.: 30"N, 18°30'30"E, 17-VII-1971, temp. 11.6°C, 05'N, 28°47'E, 23-VII-1971, temp. 12.8°C, Ch 170 14000 Ca++ 341 Cl-27 mg/1, Ca++17 mg/1, spec, conductivity mg/1, mg/1, spec, conductivity 32540 iiS. Prov. Finmark: 116 — Rockpool at Verangerfjorden, Saltfjern, pos.: 70° 97 — CI- Rockpool at Altafjorden, Inestoften, pos.: 70°08' 03'30"N, 30°E, 24-VII-1971, temp. 17.0°C, Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:23:13AM via free access BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 43 (2) - 1973 171 14900 Ca++ 322 35330 mg/l, mg/l, spec, conductivity /.S. 28930 118 — pS. Verangerfjorden at Saltfjern, pos.: 70°03'30"N, 117 -— 70° Rockpool at Verangerfjorden, Saltfjern, pos.: 30°E, 24-VII-1971, temp. 15.4°C, Cl-17700 mg/l, 30°E, O Ca++385 35250 03'30"N, 24-VII-1971, temp. 18.4°C, mg/l, spec, conductivity /iS. 17600 Ca++ mg/1, 312 mg/1, spec, conductivity REFERENCES BRATTEGARD, T., 1966. The natural history of the Har- —, 1969b. List of localities with Gammarus lacustris dangerfjord, 7. Horizontal distribution of the fauna G. O. Sars in Norway, with references and notes. of rocky shores. Sarsia, 22 : 1—54. Suppl. Contr. 89, Zoological Museum, University of 1938. 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