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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Heritage Impact Assessment Report for the Proposed Expansion of the Tissue Manufacturing Capacity at the Twinsaver Klipriver Operations Base near Henley on Klip, Gauteng Province Prepared By: Prepared For: i HIA: Twinsaver Klipriver Operations Base 2016/05/20 CREDIT SHEET Project Director STEPHAN GAIGHER (BA Hons, Archaeology, UP) Principal Investigator For G&A Heritage Member oF ASAPA (Site Director Status) Tel: (015) 516 1561 Cell: 073 752 6583 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gaheritage.co.za Report Author STEPHAN GAIGHER Disclaimer; Although all possible care is taken to identify all sites of cultural importance during the investigation of study areas, it is always possible that hidden or sub-surface sites could be overlooked during the study. G&A Heritage and its personnel will not be held liable for such oversights or for costs incurred as a result of such oversights. Statement of Independence As the duly appointed representative oF G&A Heritage, I Stephan Gaigher, hereby conFirm my independence as a specialist and declare that neither I nor G&A Heritage have any interests, be it business or otherWise, in any proposed activity, application or appeal in respect of Which the Environmental Consultant Was appointed as Environmental Assessment Practitioner, other than Fair remuneration For Work perFormed on this project. SIGNED OFF BY: STEPHAN GAIGHER HIA: Twinsaver Klipriver Operations Base ii 2016/05/20 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Site name and location: Proposed Expansion oF the Tissue ManuFacturing Capacity at the TWinsaver Klipriver Operations Base near Henley on Klip, Gauteng Province. Municipal Area: Midvaal Municipality, which falls under the Sedibeng District Municipality. Developer: Twinsaver Group (Pty) Ltd Consultant: G&A Heritage, PO Box 522, Louis Trichardt, 0920, South Africa. 38A Vorster St, Louis Trichardt, 0920 Date of Report: 20 May 2016 The purpose oF the management summary is to distill the information contained in the report into a format that can be used to give specific results quickly and Facilitate management decisions. It is not the purpose of the management summary to repeat in shortened Format all the information contained in the report, but rather to give a statement oF results For decision making purposes. This study focuses on the proposed expansion of the tissue manufacturing capacity at the TWinsaver Klipriver operations base, Gauteng Province. The Twinsaver Group (Pty) Ltd (hereaFter reFerred to as “Twinsaver”) operates a Tissue ManuFacturing facility located on Portions 23, 20 and 8 of the Farm Zwartkopjies no. 143 IR in Klipriver, Gauteng Province. Twinsaver is planning to increase its existing Tissue Manufacturing capacity at its Klipriver operations based in Gauteng by installing an additional +-25000 tons per annum of tissue making capacity. The proposed additions Will be constructed on Portions 23, 20 and 8 oF the Farm Zartkopjies no. 143. Access roads to the proposed study area Will not be required as the site in located in a Fully developed area. Approval For tWo possible locations For the Tissue Machine Building is required. 2 • Option 1 to the extent oF approximately 3716 m and 2 • Option 2 to the extent oF approximately 3918 m . This study encompasses the heritage impact investigation. A preliminary layout has been supplied to lead this phase of this study. Scope of Work A Heritage Impact Assessment to determine the impacts on heritage resources Within the study areas. The FolloWing are the required to perForm the assessment: • A desk-top investigation of the area; • Review oF the available archaeological and historical literature covering the area, as well as previous cultural resource management studies in the area. • Consultations with the SAHRIS database oF heritage sites. • A site visit to the proposed development site; • Identify possible archaeological, cultural, historic, built and palaeontological sites Within the proposed development area; • Evaluate the potential impacts oF construction and operation oF the proposed development on archaeological, cultural, historical resources; built and palaeontological resources; and • Recommend mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative impacts on areas oF archaeological, cultural, historical, built and palaeontological importance. HIA: Twinsaver Klipriver Operations Base iii 2016/05/20 The purpose oF this study is to determine the possible occurrence oF sites With cultural heritage signiFicance Within the study area. The study is based on archival and document combined With Fieldwork investigations. Findings & Recommendations The area Was investigated during a Field visit on 20 May 2016 and previously through archival studies. No sites oF heritage potential could be identiFied on the site. The site exists in a highly modiFied state and the development area is an asphalt covered surFace making it impossible to determine Whether there Would be sub-surFace sites here. Fatal Flaws No Fatal Flaws were identiFied. HIA: Twinsaver Klipriver Operations Base iv 2016/05/20 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................................................... 10 Background InFormation ................................................................................. 12 Proposed Expansion oF the Tissue ManuFacturing Capacity at the TWinsaver Klipriver Operations Base, Gauteng Province. ........................................................................................... 12 Project Description ........................................................................................... 12 Site Location ..................................................................................................... 15 Alternatives Considered ................................................................................... 17 GPS Track Paths ............................................................................................. 17 Regional Cultural Context .............................................................................. 18 Paleontology ..................................................................................................... 18 Stone Age ......................................................................................................... 18 Iron Age ............................................................................................................ 19 The Historic Era ................................................................................................ 20 Cultural Landscape .......................................................................................... 22 Previous Studies .............................................................................................. 29 Findings .......................................................................................................... 30 Methodology ................................................................................................... 31 Inventory ........................................................................................................... 31 Evaluating Heritage Impacts ............................................................................ 31 FieldWork .......................................................................................................... 31 Measuring Impacts ......................................................................................... 32 TYPE OF RESOURCE .................................................................................... 32 TYPE OF SIGNIFICANCE .............................................................................. 32 HISTORIC VALUE ........................................................................................... 32 AESTHETIC VALUE ........................................................................................ 33 SCIENTIFIC VALUE ........................................................................................ 33 HIA: Twinsaver Klipriver Operations Base v 2016/05/20 SOCIAL VALUE / Public SigniFicance ............................................................. 34 Ethnic SigniFicance ........................................................................................... 34 Economic SigniFicance ..................................................................................... 34 ScientiFic SigniFicance ....................................................................................... 34 Historic SigniFicance ......................................................................................... 34 Public SigniFicance ........................................................................................... 35 Other ................................................................................................................. 35 DEGREES OF SIGNIFICANCE ...................................................................... 35 SigniFicance Criteria ......................................................................................... 35 RARITY ............................................................................................................. 36 REPRESENTIVITY .......................................................................................... 36 Assessment oF Heritage Potential .................................................................. 36 Assessment Matrix ........................................................................................... 36 DETERMINING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE ...............................