Condiţia Scriitorului / Intelectualului Disident În România Comunistă

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Condiţia Scriitorului / Intelectualului Disident În România Comunistă CONDIŢIA SCRIITORULUI / INTELECTUALULUI DISIDENT ÎN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ Colocviile revistei „Mozaicul”, ediţia a XV-a, 26-27 octombrie 2012, Craiova Colecţia Exegesis. Seria „Mozaicul” Proiect cultural finanţat de Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional Redactor: Roxana Ilie Copertă: Viorel Pîrligras Editura Aius PrintEd este recunoscută CNCSIS (2010-2012) Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale României UŢĂ, MIHAI Condiţia scriitorului/intelectualului disident în România comunistă/ coord. Daniela Micu, Petrişor Militaru. – Craiova : Aius, 2012. ISBN 978-606-562-268-5 I. Micu, Daniela (coord.) II. Militaru, Petrişor (coord.) 821.135.1-92 © Editura Aius Printed, Craiova, 2012 str. Paşcani, nr. 9, 200151 tel./ fax: 0251-596136 e-mail: [email protected] www.aius.ro ISBN 978-606-562-268-5 Daniela Micu Petrişor Militaru (coordonatori) CONDIŢIA SCRIITORULUI / INTELECTUALULUI DISIDENT ÎN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ Colocviile revistei „Mozaicul”, ediţia a XV-a, 26-27 octombrie 2012, Craiova CRAIOVA 2012 Cuprins Cuvânt înainte ............................................................................. 7 I. Incursiuni în istoria disidenţei româneşti.............11 Ion Bogdan Lefter, Prolegomene la o istorie a disidenţei ......13 Gabriel Andreescu, Spre o filozofie a disidenţei.......................17 Constantin M. Popa, Morfologia disidenţei..............................31 Petre Opriş, Cezar Avram, Cazurile generalilor Ion Şerb şi Ion Mihai Pacepa: disidenţă sau trădare?....................................................... 34 Ana Maria Rădulescu, Pr. Gheorghe Calciu-Dumitreasa sau despre curajul de a mărturisi. Biografia unui disident....................................................... 52 Mihai Ghiţulescu, Politologi contra politicii comuniste........ 67 Flori Bălănescu, Paul Goma, între vocaţia libertăţii şi percepţia contemporanilor O perspectivă nuanţată de dosarele de urmărire informativă................................77 Ana-Maria Cătănuş, Mihai Botez: Portretul unui disident solitar……...….……..…………………….…………95 Ana-Maria Jugănaru, Anamneza în scrierile lui Paul Goma .................................................................... 108 Adrian Dinu Rachieru, Ion D. Sîrbu (studiu de caz)……….…118 II. Configurări literare ale disidenţei scriitorilor în România comunistă............................................111 Gabriel Andreescu, Adrian Marino. Campania de distrugere a unui model (fragment).................................125 Daniel Vighi, Contracultură, subcultură şi underground politic românesc în Timişoara perioadei „Aktionsgruppe Banat”..................................................... 132 Sorina Sorescu, Scris-cititul printre rânduri, între mitizare şi demitizare. Studiu de caz: romanele lui Augustin Buzura ........................................ 139 George Popescu, Disidenţă vs. rezistenţă prin cultură ........157 Cosmin Dragoste, „Când mă plimb/ suntem întotdeauna trei“. Configurări literare ale disidenţei scriitorilor de expresie germană din România ...................................................................... 168 Aurelian Zisu, Tragicul disidenţei...........................................176 Gabriel Nedelea, Onestitate intelectuală şi disidenţă.......... 186 Adrian Michiduţă, Filosofia românească sub comunişti..... 192 Toma Grigorie, Perfida libertate a „exilatului intern”......... 213 Nicolae Marinescu, Funcţia etică a disidenţei....................... 218 Marcel Răduţ Selişte, Seminţele democraţiei româneşti .....220 III. La „Ceas de taină”..............................................................211 Gabriel Andreescu: „În definitiv asta învăţăm de la comunism, că libertatea de exprimare este fundamentală pentru democraţie şi pentru demnitatea interioară…”..................................................225 Despre autori...........................................................................238 Cuvânt înainte Cea de-a XV-a ediţie a Colocviilor revistei „Mozaicul” a avut în centrul atenţiei un subiect de dezbatere controversat în cercul restrâns al specialiştilor şi, de cele mai multe ori, ignorat de opinia publică: Condiţia intelectualului disident în România comunistă. Din această cauză redacţia revistei craiovene a considerat că necunoaşterea istoriei recente poate viza manipularea percepţiei faţă de istoria literară şi culturală recentă (opere literare , reviste, studii şi cercetări publicate) şi poate avea, de asemenea, implicaţii asupra identităţii naţionale. Astfel, dezbaterea din acest an s-a fundamentat, pe de o parte, prin prezenţa directă în cadrul discuţiilor a domnului Gabriel Andreescu, „un disident în carne şi oase”, şi a domnului Ion Bogdan Lefter, un cunoscător al fenomenului disidenţei, ce ne-a oferit în conferinţa de deschidere o privire de ansamblu asupra disidenţei româneşti din perioada comunistă. Pe de altă parte, publicul participant la dezbateri a putut beneficia de opiniile avizate ale cercetătorilor de la Institutul Naţional pentru Studiul Totalitarismului din Bucureşti şi de la Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „C. S. Nicolaescu-Plopşor”, dar şi a specialiştilor în istorie şi literatură de la Universitatea din Craiova şi de la Universitatea din Bucureşti. În alocuţiunea ce a precedat conferinţa de deschidere, Nicolae Marinescu a remarcat importanţa acestui eveniment cultural focalizat asupra unui fenomen istoric (disidenţa) ce pare să îi intereseze doar pe specialişti, dar care, după cum se poate observa la o privire mai atentă, afectează mentalitatea şi societatea românească în ansamblul ei: „Acum 174 de ani, în octombrie 1938, Constantin Lecca întemeia la Craiova revista «Mozaicul», prima revistă de cultură din Oltenia cu un program, evident, paşoptist. Apoi, acum 14 ani, un grup de tineri de intelectuali craioveni (dintre care o mare parte se află 8 Condiţia scriitorului/intelectualului disident în România comunistă prezenţi aici în sală), avându-l pe Adrian Marino ca spiritus rector, şi-au asumat un program neopaşoptist, ca efect al conştientizării că în plan economic, social şi spiritual suntem părtaşi, ca şi în momentul de faţă, la integrarea în structurile europene. Aceasta deoarece administrativ am intrat în Europa, dar din punctul de vedere al schimburilor de valori mai avem de lucrat atât în plan economic, cât şi cultural. În acelaşi timp, suntem conştienţi cu toţii de faptul că societatea românească are nevoie de multă învăţătură, dar ea are nevoie şi de mai mult simţ moral. Motiv pentru care am hotărât că la această ediţie a Colocviilor revistei «Mozaicul» să avem ocazia de a vedea şi asculta oameni care au avut curajul să spună ce gândesc împotriva unui regim totalitar foarte dur. Pe lângă Gabriel Andreescu, Daniel Vighi, membru fondator al „Socie- tăţii Timişoara” este unul dintre semnatarii Proclamaţiei de la Timişoara, ce s-a născut din necesitatea de a aduce la cunoştinţa naţiunii române adevăratele idealuri ale Revoluţiei de la Timişoara chiar de către participanţii la evenimentele dintre 16 şi 22 decembrie 1989. În acest fel noi sperăm ca acele adevăruri pe care specialiştii le publică în tiraje aproape confidenţiale vor ajunge la public şi ne vor face să înţelegem mai bine viaţa cum a fost, cum este şi cum va fi…”. Volumul de faţă cuprinde expunerile prezentate la Colocviile revistei „Mozaicul” şi este structurat sub forma unui terţ: dacă lucrările din prima parte au un conţinut preponderent istoric sau memorialistic, cele din a doua parte se raportează mai degrabă la sfera estetică ce, în anumite cazuri, era folosită ca „acoperire” pentru a transmite un mesaj mai mult sau mau puţin subversiv, iar acest mesaj reprezenta simultan şi o formă de solidaritate, chiar de complicitate implicită cu publicul cititor în rândul căruia astfel de opere literare aveau un ecou destul de puternic prin caracterul esopic al acestora. Deloc întâmplător cercetările cu caracter istoric şi cele cu caracter literar se întâlnesc în plan moral, după cum subliniază Nicolae Marinescu în textul conclusiv Funcţia etică a disidenţei de la finalul cărţii. Interviul realizat de Liliana Hinoveanu cu domnul Gabriel Andreescu la Radio „Oltenia” Craiova, şi publicat pentru prima dată în acest volum, nu face Colocviile „Mozaicul“ ediţia a XV-a, 2012 9 decât să aducă în atenţia cititorilor informaţii de primă mână şi nuanţe absolut necesare pentru a clarifica ce a însemnat fenomenul disidenţei în România comunistă. Autorii ce au contribuit la realizarea acestui volum aduc în prim plan biografii ale disidenţei româneşti, făcând cunoscute constrângerile din perioada comunistă nu numai pentru a da nişte exemple veritabile ale unor personalităţi pentru care libertatea de gândire şi libera exprimare reprezentau nişte valori morale esenţial umane, ci şi cu scopul de a promova principiile societăţii democratice. Tema aleasă spre dezbatere, Condiţia intelectualului disident în România comunistă, ni se pare cu atât mai actuală cu cât reuşim să ne dăm seama că responsabilizarea decidenţilor din plan cultural este fundamentală atât pentru conştientizarea trecutului recent şi alinierea la noile valori europene, cât şi pentru creşterea interesului publicului pentru valorile culturale şi morale materializate în special prin diferitele instrumente ale culturii scrise. Din această perspectivă, sperăm ca prezentul volum să fie un instrument util de cercetare, o mărturie vie a unor experienţe istorice ce nu trebuie uitate ori ignorate de noile generaţii, precum şi un factor de trezire a conştiinţei noastre etice. Coordonatorii I. Incursiuni în istoria disidenţei româneşti Prolegomene la o
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