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MENTO MENTOVIĆ MIRJANA AJBL JEVREJI NOVOG PAZARA I OKOLINE Novi Pazar, 2019 iistorija_novop_jevreja.indbstorija_novop_jevreja.indb 1 331.1.2019.1.1.2019. 117:55:117:55:11 Autori Mr Mento Mentović Mirjana Ajbl Izdavač Jevrejski istorijski muzej Savez Jevrejskih opština Srbije Recenzenti Prof. dr Hivzo Gološ Doc. dr Ahmed Bihorac MA Vojislava Radovanović Lektor Mirjana Ajbl Priprema za štampu Željko Hrček Štampa LION, Beograd Tiraž 300 Fotografije na koricama: prednja: Megillat Esther, Judaica zadnja: El Ćupri čiko, A. Nikšić ISBN 978-86-900842-0-3 (SJO) Izdavanje ove knjige omogućio je Savez Jevrejskih opština Srbije. iistorija_novop_jevreja.indbstorija_novop_jevreja.indb 2 331.1.2019.1.1.2019. 117:55:337:55:33 Sadržaj PREDGOVOR .........................................................................................................................7 PRVI DEO 1. ISTORIJA NOVOPAZARSKIH JEVREJA I OKOLINE .............................................. 11 NOVI PAZAR .........................................................................................................................................11 SJENICA ..................................................................................................................................................15 RAŠKA, TUTIN I DUGA POLJANA ................................................................................................16 2. ŽIVOT JEVREJSKE ZAJEDNICE DO 1941. GODINE .............................................. 17 JEVREJSKA OPŠTINA U NOVOM PAZARU ..................................................................................19 SINAGOGA ...............................................................................................................................................21 GROBLJE...................................................................................................................................................24 OBRAZOVANJE .....................................................................................................................................26 PRAZNICI, OBIČAJI I TRADICIJA ....................................................................................................29 ŠABAT ................................................................................................................................................30 ROŠ HAŠANA I JOM KIPUR .......................................................................................................32 PESAH ................................................................................................................................................32 SUKOT ................................................................................................................................................33 PURIM ................................................................................................................................................33 B’RIT MILA — OBREZIVANJE MUŠKOG DETETA ...........................................................34 BAR MICVA I BAT MICVA ..........................................................................................................35 HRANA ..............................................................................................................................................35 SKLAPANJE BRAKA, ULOGA I STATUS JEVREJSKE ŽENE ...................................................37 RITUALNO KUPATILO .......................................................................................................................40 ŽALOBNI OBIČAJI ................................................................................................................................41 JEVREJSKI SIMBOLI .............................................................................................................................42 PORODIČNI ŽIVOT, STANOVANJE I ODEVANJE .....................................................................44 JEVREJSKE PORODICE PO MESTIMA STANOVANJA ....................................................46 NOVI PAZAR ...................................................................................................................................47 SJENICA ............................................................................................................................................51 RAŠKA .............................................................................................................................................51 TUTIN.................................................................................................................................................51 DUGA POLJANA .............................................................................................................................51 iistorija_novop_jevreja.indbstorija_novop_jevreja.indb 3 331.1.2019.1.1.2019. 117:55:337:55:33 4 JEVREJI NOVOG PAZARA I OKOLINE ODEVANJE ..............................................................................................................................................52 DRUŠTVENI I KULTURNI ŽIVOT ...................................................................................................54 PESME, POSLOVICE, PRIČE .....................................................................................................57 ZABAVA .............................................................................................................................................59 PRIVREDNI I POLITIČKI ŽIVOT .....................................................................................................61 ZANIMANJA JEVREJA ..................................................................................................................64 POLITIČKI ŽIVOT ..........................................................................................................................74 ANTISEMITIZAM; UČEŠĆE U RATOVIMA ...........................................................................74 3. OKUPACIJA I HOLOKAUST ...................................................................................... 78 NOVI PAZAR ....................................................................................................................................78 HAPŠENJE, INTERNIRANJE I LIKVIDACIJA ......................................................................83 SJENICA .............................................................................................................................................91 RAŠKA .............................................................................................................................................93 TUTIN ..............................................................................................................................................93 PRAVEDNICI ...................................................................................................................................93 RAŠČANI SAČUVALI VETERINARA FENJEA I PORODICU ...........................................94 SPAŠAVANJE PORODICE PAPO ...............................................................................................99 4. ŽIVOT POSLE OSLOBOĐENJA .................................................................................104 POVRATAK ...........................................................................................................................................104 ODNOS PREMA JEVREJSKOJ IMOVINI......................................................................................107 DRUGI DEO 5. SEĆANJA I PORTRETI – KOMŠIJE IZ NAŠIH SOKAKA KOJIH VIŠE NEMA ..113 NOVI PAZAR .................................................................................................................................113 RAŠKA ............................................................................................................................................143 TUTIN..............................................................................................................................................144 SJENICA ..........................................................................................................................................147 PORTRETI .....................................................................................................................................163 6. RECENZIJE ....................................................................................................................179 7. IZVORI I LITERATURA ..........................................................................................186 8. PRILOZI SPISAK ŽRTAVA RATA NOVOG PAZARA I DUGE POLJANE ............................................189 SPISAK ŽRTAVA RATA SJENICE .................................................................................................192 SPISAK ŽRTAVA RATA TUTINA ..................................................................................................193 SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................196 iistorija_novop_jevreja.indbstorija_novop_jevreja.indb 4 331.1.2019.1.1.2019. 117:55:337:55:33 “Naziv Jevrejin potiče od hebrejske reči Ivri (ever na hebrejskom znači obala, prečanin, došljak), kasnije prenete u grčki jezik u obliku Ebraioi nakon čega dolaskom Jevreja preko Soluna reč do- bija svoj slovenizirani oblik Jevreji. Reč Izraelićanin takođe kori- šćena na našim prostorima izvedena je iz hebrejske reči Jisraeli. U drugim jezicima slično