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Guide to Missionary /World Christianity Bibles In
Guide to Missionary / World Christianity Bibles in the Yale Divinity Library Cataloged Collection The Divinity Library holds hundreds of Bibles and scripture portions that were translated and published by missionaries or prepared by church bodies throughout the world. Dating from the eighteenth century to the present day, these Bibles and scripture portions are currently divided between the historical Missionary Bible Collection held in Special Collections and the Library's regular cataloged collection. At this time it is necessary to search both the Guide to the Missionary / World Christianity Bible Collection and the online catalog to check on the availability of works in specific languages. Please note that this listing of Bibles cataloged in Orbis is not intended to be complete and comprehensive but rather seeks to provide a glimpse of available resources. Afroasiatic (Other) Bible. New Testament. Mbuko. 2010. o Title: Aban 'am wiya awan. Bible. New Testament. Hdi. 2013. o Title: Deftera lfida dzratawi = Le Nouveau Testament en langue hdi. Bible. New Testament. Merey. 2012. o Title: Dzam Wedeye : merey meq = Le Nouveau Testament en langue merey. Bible. N.T. Gidar. 1985. o Title: Halabara meleketeni. Bible. N.T. Mark. Kera. 1988. o Title: Kel pesan ge minti Markə jirini = L'évangile selon Marc en langue kera. Bible. N.T. Limba. o Title:Lahiri banama ka masala in bathulun wo, Yisos Kraist. Bible. New Testament. Muyang. 2013. o Title: Ma mu̳weni sulumani ge melefit = Le Nouveau Testament en langue Muyang. Bible. N.T. Mark. Muyang. 2005. o Title: Ma mʉweni sulumani ya Mark abəki ni. Bible. N.T. Southern Mofu. -
African Dialects
African Dialects • Adangme (Ghana ) • Afrikaans (Southern Africa ) • Akan: Asante (Ashanti) dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Fante dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Twi (Akwapem) dialect (Ghana ) • Amharic (Amarigna; Amarinya) (Ethiopia ) • Awing (Cameroon ) • Bakuba (Busoong, Kuba, Bushong) (Congo ) • Bambara (Mali; Senegal; Burkina ) • Bamoun (Cameroons ) • Bargu (Bariba) (Benin; Nigeria; Togo ) • Bassa (Gbasa) (Liberia ) • ici-Bemba (Wemba) (Congo; Zambia ) • Berba (Benin ) • Bihari: Mauritian Bhojpuri dialect - Latin Script (Mauritius ) • Bobo (Bwamou) (Burkina ) • Bulu (Boulou) (Cameroons ) • Chirpon-Lete-Anum (Cherepong; Guan) (Ghana ) • Ciokwe (Chokwe) (Angola; Congo ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Mauritian dialect (Mauritius ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Seychelles dialect (Kreol) (Seychelles ) • Dagbani (Dagbane; Dagomba) (Ghana; Togo ) • Diola (Jola) (Upper West Africa ) • Diola (Jola): Fogny (Jóola Fóoñi) dialect (The Gambia; Guinea; Senegal ) • Duala (Douala) (Cameroons ) • Dyula (Jula) (Burkina ) • Efik (Nigeria ) • Ekoi: Ejagham dialect (Cameroons; Nigeria ) • Ewe (Benin; Ghana; Togo ) • Ewe: Ge (Mina) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewe: Watyi (Ouatchi, Waci) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewondo (Cameroons ) • Fang (Equitorial Guinea ) • Fõ (Fon; Dahoméen) (Benin ) • Frafra (Ghana ) • Ful (Fula; Fulani; Fulfulde; Peul; Toucouleur) (West Africa ) • Ful: Torado dialect (Senegal ) • Gã: Accra dialect (Ghana; Togo ) • Gambai (Ngambai; Ngambaye) (Chad ) • olu-Ganda (Luganda) (Uganda ) • Gbaya (Baya) (Central African Republic; Cameroons; Congo ) • Gben (Ben) (Togo -
Bantu Plant Names As Indicators of Linguistic Stratigraphy in the Western Province of Zambia
Bantu Plant Names as Indicators of Linguistic Stratigraphy in the Western Province of Zambia Koen Bostoen Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren - Université libre de Bruxelles 1. Introduction and background The present paper is a comparative study of Bantu plant names in a number of languages from the WP of Zambia.1 It is based on fieldwork I undertook, with the kind assistance of the Livingstone Museum, in July-August 2005 in the neighbourhood of two minor towns in the southern part of the WP, i.e. Sioma and Shangombo. I worked with native speakers of Mbunda (K15), Kwamashi (K34), Kwamulonga (K351), Shanjo (K36), Fwe (K402), and Mbwera (L61). The field notes, which I present throughout the paper with the label “Bostoen FN 2005”, are compared to data from closely related or neighbouring languages on the one hand, and on the other hand, to what is known on plant names in terms of common Bantu reconstructions. Map 1 below shows the Bantu languages considered in this paper and their linguistic affiliation according to the current state of knowledge. Data from Khwe, a nearby non-Bantu click language from the Khoe-Kwadi family (Güldemann 2004), are also taken into account for reasons explained further on. 2 This comparative study aims at enhancing our understanding of the language history, which underlies the intricate sociolinguistic picture that characterizes the WP today. The Bantu languages listed above represent only a fraction of the numerous languages to which the WP is home. Contrary to Lozi (K21), the region’s widely used lingua franca with an increasing number of first language speakers, most of these languages are minority languages whose use is geographically localized and functionally restricted and whose number of speakers is declining. -
Language Information LANGUAGE LINE
Language Information LANGUAGE LINE. The Court strongly prefers to use live interpreters in the courtrooms whenever possible. However, when the Court can’t find live interpreters, we sometimes use Language Line, a national telephone service supplying interpreters for most languages on the planet almost immediately. The number for that service is 1-800-874-9426. Contact Circuit Administration at 605-367-5920 for the Court’s account number and authorization codes. AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE/DEAF INTERPRETATION Minnehaha County in the 2nd Judicial Circuit uses a combination of local, highly credentialed ASL/Deaf interpretation providers including Communication Services for the Deaf (CSD), Interpreter Services Inc. (ISI), and highly qualified freelancers for the courts in Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County, and Canton, Lincoln County. We are also happy to make court video units available to any other courts to access these interpreters from Sioux Falls (although many providers have their own video units now). The State of South Dakota has also adopted certification requirements for ASL/deaf interpretation “in a legal setting” in 2006. The following link published by the State Department of Human Services/ Division of Rehabilitative Services lists all the certified interpreters in South Dakota and their certification levels, and provides a lot of other information on deaf interpretation requirements and services in South Dakota. DHS Deaf Services AFRICAN DIALECTS A number of the residents of the 2nd Judicial Circuit speak relatively obscure African dialects. For court staff, attorneys, and the public, this list may be of some assistance in confirming the spelling and country of origin of some of those rare African dialects. -
Pots, Words and the Bantu Problem: on Lexical Reconstruction and Early African History*
Journal of African History, 48 (2007), pp. 173–99. f 2007 Cambridge University Press 173 doi:10.1017/S002185370700254X Printed in the United Kingdom POTS, WORDS AND THE BANTU PROBLEM: ON LEXICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND EARLY AFRICAN HISTORY* BY KOEN BOSTOEN Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren, Universite´ libre de Bruxelles ABSTRACT: Historical-comparative linguistics has played a key role in the recon- struction of early history in Africa. Regarding the ‘Bantu Problem’ in particular, linguistic research, particularly language classification, has oriented historical study and been a guiding principle for both historians and archaeologists. Some historians have also embraced the comparison of cultural vocabularies as a core method for reconstructing African history. This paper evaluates the merits and limits of this latter methodology by analysing Bantu pottery vocabulary. Challenging earlier interpretations, it argues that speakers of Proto-Bantu in- herited the craft of pot-making from their Benue-Congo-speaking ancestors who introduced this technology into the Grassfields region. This ‘Proto-Bantu ceramic tradition’ was the result of a long, local development, but spread quite rapidly into Atlantic Central Africa, and possibly as far as Southern Angola and northern Namibia. The people who brought Early Iron Age (EIA) ceramics to southwestern Africa were not the first Bantu-speakers in this area nor did they introduce the technology of pot-making. KEY WORDS: Archaeology, Bantu origins, linguistics. T HE Bantu languages stretch out from Cameroon in the west to southern Somalia in the east and as far as Southern Africa in the south.1 This group of closely related languages is by far Africa’s most widespread language group. -
LEP Heritage Language Codes
LEP Heritage Language Codes LanguageName LanguageCode ISO1 ISO2 ISO3 (post 1500) 0000 Abkhazian 0010 ab abk abk Achinese 0020 ace ace Acoli 0030 ach ach Adangme 0040 ada ada Adygei 0050 ady ady Adyghe 0060 ady ady Afar 0070 aa aar aar Afrikaans 0090 af afr afr Afro-Asiatic (Other) 0100 afa Ainu (Japan) 6010 ain ain Akan 0110 ak aka aka Albanian 0130 sq alb/sqi sqi Alemannic 6300 gsw gsw Aleut 0140 ale ale Algonquian languages 0150 alg Alsatian 6310 gsw gsw Altaic (Other) 0160 tut Amharic 0170 am amh amh Angika 6020 anp anp Apache languages 0180 apa Arabic 0190 ar ara ara Aragonese 0200 an arg arg Arapaho 0220 arp arp Araucanian 0230 arn arn Arawak 0240 arw arw Armenian 0250 hy arm/hye hye Aromanian 6410 Arumanian 6160 Assamese 0270 as asm asm Asturian 0280 ast ast Asturleonese 6170 Athapascan languages 0290 ath Australian languages 0300 aus Austronesian (Other) 0310 map Avaric 0320 av ava ava Awadhi 0340 awa awa Aymara 0350 ay aym aym Azerbaijani 0360 az aze aze Bable 0370 ast ast Balinese 0380 ban ban Baltic (Other) 0390 bat Baluchi 0400 bal bal Bambara 0410 bm bam bam Bamileke languages 0420 bai LEP Heritage Language Codes LanguageName LanguageCode ISO1 ISO2 ISO3 Banda 0430 bad Bantu (Other) 0440 bnt Basa 0450 bas bas Bashkir 0460 ba bak bak Basque 0470 eu baq/eus eus Batak (Indonesia) 0480 btk Bedawiyet 6180 bej bej Beja 0490 bej bej Belarusian 0500 be bel bel Bemba 0510 bem bem Bengali; ben 0520 bn ben ben Berber (Other) 0530 ber Bhojpuri 0540 bho bho Bihari 0550 bh bih Bikol 0560 bik bik Bilin 0570 byn byn Bini 0580 bin bin Bislama -
Revising the Bantu Tree
Cladistics Cladistics (2018) 1–20 10.1111/cla.12353 Revising the Bantu tree Peter M. Whiteleya, Ming Xuea and Ward C. Wheelerb,* aDivision of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA; bDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA Accepted 15 June 2018 Abstract Phylogenetic methods offer a promising advance for the historical study of language and cultural relationships. Applications to date, however, have been hampered by traditional approaches dependent on unfalsifiable authority statements: in this regard, historical linguistics remains in a similar position to evolutionary biology prior to the cladistic revolution. Influential phyloge- netic studies of Bantu languages over the last two decades, which provide the foundation for multiple analyses of Bantu socio- cultural histories, are a major case in point. Comparative analyses of basic lexica, instead of directly treating written words, use only numerical symbols that express non-replicable authority opinion about underlying relationships. Building on a previous study of Uto-Aztecan, here we analyse Bantu language relationships with methods deriving from DNA sequence optimization algorithms, treating basic vocabulary as sequences of sounds. This yields finer-grained results that indicate major revisions to the Bantu tree, and enables more robust inferences about the history of Bantu language expansion and/or migration throughout sub-Saharan Africa. “Early-split” versus “late-split” hypotheses for East and West Bantu are tested, and overall results are com- pared to trees based on numerical reductions of vocabulary data. Reconstruction of language histories is more empirically based and robust than with previous methods. -
Language Policies in African States – Updated, January 2012*
Language Policies in African States – Updated, January 2012* Ericka A. Albaugh Department of Government and Legal Studies Bowdoin College 9800 College Station Brunswick, ME 04011 Comments on the accuracy of coding are welcomed. Please address them to: [email protected] * Coding is refined and descriptions updated in Appendix A of Ericka A. Albaugh, State-Building and Multilingual Education in Africa (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014). General trends remain the same. 1 TABLE A.1: CODING OF LANGUAGE USE IN EDUCATION Country Indep or 1960 1990 2004 2010 Algeria 0 2 2 2 Angola 0 0 0 4 Benin 0 0 3 3 Botswana 5 7 5 5 Burkina Faso 0 0 6 6 Burundi 7 7 7 7 Cameroon 0 0 4 4 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 Central African Republic 0 0 0 0 Chad 0 1 4 4 Comoros 0 0 0 0 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4 8 8 8 Congo, Rep. 0 0 0 0 Cote d'Ivoire 0 0 4 4 Djibouti 0 0 0 4 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 Eritrea 10 N/A 10 10 Ethiopia 9 9 10 8 Gabon 0 0 0 0 Gambia 0 0 0 0 Ghana 0 8 4 4 Guinea 0 0 0 4 Guinea-Bissau 0 3 0 0 Kenya 0 8 6 6 Lesotho 7 7 7 7 Liberia 0 0 0 0 Madagascar 0 7 7 7 Malawi 8 7 6 5 Mali 0 4 6 6 Mauritania 1 4 1 1 Mauritius 0 0 0 0 Mozambique 0 0 4 6 Namibia 8 8 6 6 Niger 0 4 6 6 Nigeria 8 8 8 8 Rwanda 7 7 7 7 Sao Tome e Principe 0 0 0 0 Senegal 0 0 4 4 Seychelles 0 7 7 7 Sierra Leone 4 6 4 4 Somalia 1 7 5 5 South Africa 10 8 6 6 Sudan 1 2 4 4 Swaziland 0 7 5 5 Tanzania 5 9 9 9 Togo 0 0 0 0 Uganda 8 8 6 6 Zambia 0 0 4 4 Zimbabwe 4 6 6 4 2 For the coding in the table above, I distinguish between one or several languages used in education, and the extent the policy has penetrated the education system: “Experimental,” “Expanded,” or “Generalized.” The scale tries to capture the spectrum of movement from “most foreign” medium to “most local.” The numerical assignments describe the following situations: 0 European Language Only 1 European and Foreign African Language (e.g. -
Bantu Languages of Southern Africa Handout
Bantu languages of Southern Africa: an overview “Speaking (of) Khoisan”: a symposium reviewing southern African prehistory. Hilde Gunnink - Ghent University - [email protected] Koen Bostoen - Ghent University - [email protected] The Bantu expansionexpansion:: fffromfrom Cameroon/Nigeria to southern Africa Source: de Filippo et al. (2012) Southern Bantu Southern Bantu (cf. Doke 1954): many shared developments, but no single Proto-Southern-Bantu ancestor can be reconstructed due to lack of spirantisation and vowel merger in Sotho subgroup. Table 1: spirantization in Southern Bantu languages Spirantization No spirantization Proto -Bantu Nguni Tsonga Inhambane Venda Sotho Makua (Copi) *tu fu fu fu fu ru pu *ti si si si tshi ri hi Source: Janson (1991/1992) S.10: Shona • Korekore, Zezuru, Manyika, Karanga, Ndau, Kalanga • early split from Southern Bantu (Ehret 1972; Finlayson 1987) or unrelated to Southern Bantu (Janson 1991/1992) • similarities to Venda due to contact (Ehret 1972; Finlayson 1987) 1 S.20: Venda • shared developments with Sotho (Janson 1991/1992) S.30: Sotho • Southern Sotho, Pedi (Northern Sotho), Tswana, Kgalagadi, Lozi • outlier among Southern Bantu due to its seven vowel system and lack of spirantisation (Janson 1991/1992; Louw and Finlayson 1990; van der Spuy 1990) • Southern Sotho has clicks, as does Kgalagadi (Dickens 1987) S.40: Nguni • Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, Ndebele, Phuthi, Ngoni • all Nguni languages have clicks • possibly closer to the Sotho languages than to other subgroups (van der Spuy 1990) S.50: Tsonga -
Tracing the Origins, Development and Status of Lozi Language: a Socio- Linguistics and African Oral Literature Perspective
Tracing the Origins, Development and Status of Lozi Language: A Socio- Linguistics And African Oral Literature Perspective Muyendekwa Limbali, The University of Zambia 5.1 Abstract The study traces the origin of Lozi language of the Western Province and other areas where the language is and was spoken since its origin is oblique or obscure. This study reviews a number of studies by different scholars who have different interpretations about the origin of Lozi language. Some allude to the fact that the Lozi language is a dialect of Southern Sotho, the language of the conquerors under Sebitwane. The Lozi people themselves claim that they were the first inhabitants of the plains and that they have always been there. They also point their ancestry to the union between Nyambe and the female ancestress Mbuyu. Others trace the Lozi origin to the Mwata Yamvo dynasty of the old Lunda Kingdom in the Katanga area of the Congo. Today, the Lozi themselves say that there is practically no Lozi who is pure Luyi and so they point their ancestry to Nkoya, Kwangwa, Subiya, Totela, Mbunda, Kololo among other languages. This can be attributed to intermarriages and dominance over small languages which they later assimilate hence failing to trace their own source. Many have come with their assertions on the origin and development of the Lozi originally called the A-Luyi or Luyana people. Lozi is spoken in many parts of Zambia and even beyond borders and it enjoys its status as the economic language of Western Province and one of the seven official languages on radio and medium of instruction in schools. -
The Neuter Suffix -Ik- in Bantu
Draft for comments (2015) - Do not cite without author’s permission 1 The neuter suffix -ik- in Bantu 2 Sebastian Dom 3 KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures - Africa, 4 Ghent University, Belgium 5 6 1. Introduction 7 The agglutinative system of verbal suffixes is a fairly well-known grammatical feature of Bantu 8 languages among (typological) linguists. One would thus assume that in the tradition of Bantu 9 linguistics, these suffixes have been extensively analyzed and described. Unfortunately, this 10 can only be said to be true for a small number of all verbal suffixes reconstructed for Proto- 11 Bantu. The few verbal suffixes that have been the topic of a large number of detailed syntactico- 12 semantic studies are the applicative (Alsina & Mchombo 1990, 1993; Baker 1988, 1990; 13 Bostoen & Mundeke 2011; Bresnan & Moshi 1990; Cann & Mabugu 2007; Creissels 2004; 14 Dammann 1961; Demuth 1998; De Kind & Bostoen 2012; Harford 1993; Kähler-Meyer 15 1966)(Marten 2003, 2011, Marten & Kula 2014, Nakamura 1997, Ngonyani 1998a, 1998b, 16 2000, Ngonyani & Githinji 2006, Port 1981, Zeller & Ngoboka 2006), the passive (Biloa 1994, 17 Fleisch 2005, Givón & Kawasha 2006, Kawasha 2007, Kimenyi 1988, Kula & Marten 2008, 18 Stappers 1967, Trithart 1979, Woolford 1994) and the reciprocal (Dammann 1954, Dom et al. 19 forthcoming, Maslova 2000, 2007, Mchombo 1990, 1999, Mchombo & Ndunga 1994, 20 Mchombo & Ngalande 1980, Mudzingwa 2008, Mugane 1999, Ndayiragije 2002). Quite many 21 suffixes found in (the?) Bantu languages are still poorly described both from a syntactic and 22 semantic viewpoint, e.g. the extensive, the neuter, the positional, the repetitive, the separative, 23 and the tentive.1 A first aim of this article is to provide an in-depth analysis of one such suffix, 24 the neuter (the term used in Schadeberg 2006). -
Sibilant Harmony in Kinyarwanda and Coronal Opacity (4) Organization A
GLOW 28, March 31, 2005 Sibilant Harmony in Kinyarwanda and Coronal Opacity (4) Organization a. Kinyarwanda data description. Fidèle Mpiranya Rachel Walker b. Analysis. CNRS / Sorbonne Nouvelle & USC University of Southern California c. Widening the perspective on coronal harmony systems with blocking; [email protected] [email protected] examining Sanskrit. d. Treatment of causative -ii!-(i)-. 1. Introduction (1) Opacity in coronal harmony 2. Kinyarwanda data – basic facts • Opacity in coronal harmony is rare. Sanskrit’s Nati is the only previously reported case of which we are aware. (5) Coronal and palatal consonants in Kinyarwanda • Our study documents opacity in the coronal harmony of Kinyarwanda, a Bantu Alveolar Pre-Palatal Palatal language spoken in Rwanda. Stops t d • Our research finds that Kinyarwanda’s harmony involves retroflexion, rather than an alveo-palatal articulation as described in previous studies. Affricates ts !" Fricatives • Our investigation also reveals that Kinyarwanda’s coronal harmony is s z " # sensitive to morphological conditions. Nasals n $ Liquids % (2) Kinyarwanda coronal harmony Glides j Harmony has the potential to operate across intervening Cs and Vs (2a). • • Prenasalized singleton segments also occur. • However, certain sounds, such as coronal stops, are opaque to harmony (2b). • Non-coronal consonants: [& (b) m f v pf k g w h (p)] a. /sákuz- + i-e/ ! [!áku"e] ~ [sáku"e] "to shout+ perf." (6) Vowel inventory: VERSUS 5 phonemes [i e a o u], with length and high / low tone opposition. The high b. /zituz- + i-e/ ! [zitu"e], *["itu"e] "to cause someone to detach + perf." tone is marked with an acute accent; the low tone is not marked.