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Portuguese Language in Angola: Luso-Creoles' Missing Link? John M
Portuguese language in Angola: luso-creoles' missing link? John M. Lipski {presented at annual meeting of the AATSP, San Diego, August 9, 1995} 0. Introduction Portuguese explorers first reached the Congo Basin in the late 15th century, beginning a linguistic and cultural presence that in some regions was to last for 500 years. In other areas of Africa, Portuguese-based creoles rapidly developed, while for several centuries pidginized Portuguese was a major lingua franca for the Atlantic slave trade, and has been implicated in the formation of many Afro- American creoles. The original Portuguese presence in southwestern Africa was confined to limited missionary activity, and to slave trading in coastal depots, but in the late 19th century, Portugal reentered the Congo-Angola region as a colonial power, committed to establishing permanent European settlements in Africa, and to Europeanizing the native African population. In the intervening centuries, Angola and the Portuguese Congo were the source of thousands of slaves sent to the Americas, whose language and culture profoundly influenced Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Despite the key position of the Congo-Angola region for Ibero-American linguistic development, little is known of the continuing use of the Portuguese language by Africans in Congo-Angola during most of the five centuries in question. Only in recent years has some attention been directed to the Portuguese language spoken non-natively but extensively in Angola and Mozambique (Gonçalves 1983). In Angola, the urban second-language varieties of Portuguese, especially as spoken in the squatter communities of Luanda, have been referred to as Musseque Portuguese, a name derived from the KiMbundu term used to designate the shantytowns themselves. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
A Linguistic and Anthropological Approach to Isingqumo, South Africa’S Gay Black Language
“WHERE THERE’S GAYS, THERE’S ISINGQUMO”: A LINGUISTIC AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ISINGQUMO, SOUTH AFRICA’S GAY BLACK LANGUAGE Word count: 25 081 Jan Raeymaekers Student number: 01607927 Supervisor(s): Prof. Dr. Maud Devos, Prof. Dr. Hugo DeBlock A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Studies Academic year: 2019 - 2020 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Lavender Languages...................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1. What are Lavender Languages? ....................................................................... 8 2.1.2. How Are Languages Categorized? ................................................................ 12 2.1.3. Documenting Undocumented Languages ................................................. 17 2.2. Case Study: IsiNgqumo .............................................................................................. 18 2.2.1. Homosexuality in the African Community ................................................ 18 2.2.2. Homosexuality in the IsiNgqumo Community -
African Dialects
African Dialects • Adangme (Ghana ) • Afrikaans (Southern Africa ) • Akan: Asante (Ashanti) dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Fante dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Twi (Akwapem) dialect (Ghana ) • Amharic (Amarigna; Amarinya) (Ethiopia ) • Awing (Cameroon ) • Bakuba (Busoong, Kuba, Bushong) (Congo ) • Bambara (Mali; Senegal; Burkina ) • Bamoun (Cameroons ) • Bargu (Bariba) (Benin; Nigeria; Togo ) • Bassa (Gbasa) (Liberia ) • ici-Bemba (Wemba) (Congo; Zambia ) • Berba (Benin ) • Bihari: Mauritian Bhojpuri dialect - Latin Script (Mauritius ) • Bobo (Bwamou) (Burkina ) • Bulu (Boulou) (Cameroons ) • Chirpon-Lete-Anum (Cherepong; Guan) (Ghana ) • Ciokwe (Chokwe) (Angola; Congo ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Mauritian dialect (Mauritius ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Seychelles dialect (Kreol) (Seychelles ) • Dagbani (Dagbane; Dagomba) (Ghana; Togo ) • Diola (Jola) (Upper West Africa ) • Diola (Jola): Fogny (Jóola Fóoñi) dialect (The Gambia; Guinea; Senegal ) • Duala (Douala) (Cameroons ) • Dyula (Jula) (Burkina ) • Efik (Nigeria ) • Ekoi: Ejagham dialect (Cameroons; Nigeria ) • Ewe (Benin; Ghana; Togo ) • Ewe: Ge (Mina) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewe: Watyi (Ouatchi, Waci) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewondo (Cameroons ) • Fang (Equitorial Guinea ) • Fõ (Fon; Dahoméen) (Benin ) • Frafra (Ghana ) • Ful (Fula; Fulani; Fulfulde; Peul; Toucouleur) (West Africa ) • Ful: Torado dialect (Senegal ) • Gã: Accra dialect (Ghana; Togo ) • Gambai (Ngambai; Ngambaye) (Chad ) • olu-Ganda (Luganda) (Uganda ) • Gbaya (Baya) (Central African Republic; Cameroons; Congo ) • Gben (Ben) (Togo -
1 with Respect to Zulu: Revisiting Ukuhlonipha Hlonipho, to Give Its
With Respect to Zulu: Revisiting ukuHlonipha Hlonipho, to give its form as a Zulu noun stem, is a form of respectful behavior in speech and action.1 Mentioned in colonial-era documents and other writings since the mid-19th century, it has been widespread in southern Africa, practiced among (at least) the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Sotho. Recent studies, including several very useful sociolinguistic and ethnographic descriptions, have focused their attention mainly upon isihlonipho sabafazi, the linguistic form of hlonipha associated with women (the isi- prefix implies a way of speaking).2 Indeed, a stereotype of hlonipha as “women’s language” goes back to ethnographic and linguistic literature of decades ago, and is described as a form of linguistic taboo in which a married woman must avoid speaking the name of her father-in-law. It is also often described as “old” or “traditional,” or even vanishing. While the existence and prominence of this stereotype is of interest in itself, the practice of ukuhlonipha (the general term, with infinitive prefix) is much wider than much of the literature on it recognizes. To focus solely on “women’s language” is to excise a wider frame of social, semiotic, and somatic meaning. Hlonipha is not only about language; bodily posture, comportment, and clothing are part of it too. Moreover, a narrow focus on “women’s language” implies ignoring hlonipha as practiced by men, as well as the practice of praise-performance (bonga), which, we propose, is the semiotic complement to hlonipha and joins with it in a broader Zulu notion of “respect.” The cultural background to these practices, we argue, is an ideology of language and comportment that understands performances of all kinds, including linguistic utterances, fundamentally as actions of the body.3 1 Focusing first on isihlonipha, we argue that the linguistic practice is itself seen as bodily activity in a Zulu ideology of language, and we explore the semiotic connection with other forms of respectful bodily comportment. -
12. Ed. 55 Agst 2019 Danu Kertih.Pdf
Bencingah Wa r.t a m i s i Bali Dwipa Jaya "Jayalah Pulau Bali", begitulah digjaya dilandasi oleh reli• arti harafiah dari premis yang giusitas yang digambarkan disuratkan pada lambang Perne• dengan candi bentar. Pernbuka ritah Daerah Propinsi Bali. Se• jalan untuk mencapai kebebasan perti pekik seruan kanonis yang dari belenggu itu. Di mana ke• menyuarakan kebebasan dari bebasan itu hanya bisa diperoleh Keterangan Cover suatu belenggu. melalui penyatuan diri dengan Pekik Merdeka Puputan Badung paramatman yang dilukiskan Siapa saja ia, yang menyua• dengan rantai yang melintang 4. Candi Bentar: rakan suratan takdir Hinduistis itu dari kiri ke kanan. Itulah yang - Sura. Wira. Dhira harus dibangun oleh masyarakat 9. Jaba Tengah: pastilah memahami dengan benar - Mahardhika dalam Pancama Weda esensi kehidupan atman menga• (Bali) yang tiada ubahnya dengan 12. Kori Agung lami satnsara ditakdirkan ber• kipas tanda hakikat seni budaya - Mahardhika Digjaya gumul sepanjang waktu untuk adiluhung. 18. Wartamritha mencapai kebebasan dari beleng• Pun, siapa saja ia, yang me• - Manajer Digjaya gu panca niaha bhuta. Lima un• norehkan lambang bunga pad• 20. Kolom - Tujuh Be/as Delapan E111pa1 Lima sur yang mengikat erat atman ma dalam lambang Pulau Bali, dialah yang memiliki keper• 22. Kolom agar /ipya akanjati dirinya. - Yoga Pembebasan Siapa saja ia, yang rnenyurat• cayaan penuh akan menyentuh 29. Wartamkosala kan "Bali Dwipa Jaya" itu, dengan kaki siwa karena di situlah pa• - Monunien Kemerdekaan Spiritual penuh kesadaran bermaksud ramatm an bersemayam. De• 30. Kolorn tiada menyarakkan kehidupan ngan begitu, kesejahteraan ha• - Adi Kuasa, Adi Jaya. Digjaya agama dengan kehidupan nyata kiki akan dicapai karena akan 32. Wartamanawa - Mahardhika Digjaya (sakala). -
Hyman Paris Bantu PLAR
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report Title Disentangling Conjoint, Disjoint, Metatony, Tone Cases, Augments, Prosody, and Focus in Bantu Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37p3m2gg Journal UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report, 9(9) ISSN 2768-5047 Author Hyman, Larry M Publication Date 2013 DOI 10.5070/P737p3m2gg eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2013) Disentangling Conjoint, Disjoint, Metatony, Tone Cases, Augments, Prosody, and Focus in Bantu Larry M. Hyman University of California, Berkeley Presented at the Workshop on Prosodic Constituents in Bantu languages: Metatony and Dislocations Université de Paris 3, June 28-29, 2012 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to disentangle a number of overlapping concepts that have been invoked in Bantu studies to characterize the relation between a verb and what follows it. Starting with the conjoint/disjoint distinction, I will then consider its potential relation to “metatony”, “tone cases”, “augments”, prosody, and focus in Bantu. 2. Conjoint/disjoint (CJ/DJ)1 In many Bantu languages TAM and negative paradigms have been shown to exhibit suppletive allomorphy, as in the following oft-cited Chibemba sentences, which illustrate a prefixal difference in marking present tense, corresponding with differences in focus (Sharman 1956: 30): (1) a. disjoint -la- : bus&é mu-la-peep-a ‘do you (pl.) smoke’? b. conjoint -Ø- : ee tu-peep-a sekelééti ‘yes, we smoke cigarettes’ c. disjoint -la- : bámó bá-la-ly-á ínsoka ‘some people actually eat snakes’ In (1a) the verb is final in its main clause and must therefore occur in the disjoint form, marked by the prefix -la-. -
2. Tatparya Ratnavali V2
Sincere Thanks To: 1. SrI nrsimha sevA rasikan Oppiliappan Koil SrI Varadachari Sadagopan svAmi for hosting this title in his ebooks series 2. Smt Kalyani Krishnamachari for compiling and providing Sanskrit texts 3. SrI Srinivasan Narayanan svAmi for proof-reading 4. www.thiruvarangam.com, www.divyadesam.com, SrI Satakopa Tatachar svAmi and Neduntheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan for images 5. Smt Sharada Srinivasan for eBook assembly www.sadagopan.org C O N T E N T Preface 1 Introduction 2 shlokam-s, pAsuram-s and commentaries 5 - 77 nigamanam 77 www.sadagopan.org svAmi deshikan - tUppul (Thanks: SrI SaThakopa TatacAr svAmi) www.sadagopan.org . ïI>. ïImte ingmaNtmhadeizkay nm> ïImte ïIr¼ramanuj mhadeizk paÊka_ya< nm> ïIvedaNtcayER> Anug&&hIt> taTpyR rÆavi¦> svAmi deshikan’s tAtparya ratnAvaLi VOL. 2 tiruvAimozhi 2nd pattu – Part 1 For shlokam-s and commentaries for tAtparya ratnAvaLi, tiruvAimozhi mudal (first) pattu, please see ahobilavalli series e-book # AV104 at: http://www.sadagopan.org Preface: This write-up on tAtparya ratnAvaLi, tiruvAimozhi 2nd pattu will be primarily based on the following sources: 1. shrI Ve'nkaTeshAcArya's vyAkhyAnam in maNi pravAlam, published by shrIra'ngam shrImadANDavan Ashramam 2. the vyAkhyAnam for tAtparya ratnAvaLi by shrI uttamUr vIrarAghavAcArya svAmi (hereafter referred as shrI UV) 3. the ARAyirap paDi vyAkhyAnam by tiruk kurugaip pirAn PiLLAn, published by shrIra'ngam shrImadANDAvan Ashramam, shrIra’ngam 4. the irupattu nAlayirapaDi vyAkhyAnam by sAkShAt svAmi with its shabdArtham 5. shrImad tirukkuDandai ANDavan's (hereafter referred as shrImad ANDavan) simplified vyAkhyAnam for tiruvAimozhi titled bhagavd viShaya sAram 6. shrI P. B. aNNa'ngarAcArya svAmi's (hereafter referred as shrI PBA) vyAkhyAnam for tiruvAimozhi and for the first three pattu-s of tAtparya ratnAvaLi 7. -
A Discourse Analysis of Code-Switching Practices Among Angolan Migrants in Cape Town, South Africa
A Discourse Analysis of Code-Switching Practices among Angolan Migrants in Cape Town, South Africa Dinis Fernando da Costa (2865747) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Department of Linguistics, University of the Western Cape SUPERVISOR: PROF. Charlyn Dyers June 2010 i Abstract A Discourse Analysis of Code-Switching Practices among Angolan Migrants in Cape Town, South Africa Dinis Fernando da Costa This thesis is an extension of my BA (Honours) research essay, completed in 2008. This thesis is a more in-depth study of the issues involved in code switching among Angolan migrants living in Cape Town by increasing the scope of the research. The significance of this study lies in the fact that code-switching practices of Angolans in the Diaspora has not yet been investigated, and I hope that this potentially rich vein of research will be taken up by future studies. In this thesis, I explore the code-switching practices of long-term Angolans migrants in Cape Town when they interact with those who have been here for a much shorter period. In my Honours research essay, I revealed a tendency among those who have lived in Cape Town for some time to code-switch from Portuguese to English even in the presence of more recent migrants from Angola, who have little or no mastery of English. This thesis thus considers the effects of space, discourses of power, language ideologies and attitudes on the patterns of inter- and intra-sentential code-switching by these long-term migrants in interaction with each other as well as with the more recent “Angolan arrivals” in Cape Town. -
LANGUAGE Resolmce PROJECT David Dwyer and Kay Irish
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 13, Number 2, August 1982 LANGUAGE RESOlmCE PROJECT David Dwyer and Kay Irish Michigan State University The African Studies Center at Michigan State University has been awarded a grant from the U.S. Department of Education for the production of a handbook of human, institutional and material resources for the teaching and learning of African languages. Because of the existence of over 2000 languages now being spoken in Africa, this investigation has been restricted to the 82 highest pri ority languages established in a 4-tier ranking by the 1979 meeting of African ist linguists and area specialists representing the major African studies cen ters in the U.S. (See Wiley, David and David Dwyer, compilers, African Language Instruction in the United States: Directions and Priorities for the 19805, East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University, African Studies Center, 1980.) As a first step in this project we are assembling for each of the languages listed below a list of individuals throughout the world who are actively en gaged in scholarly studies in the language, whether teaching, linguistic re search, preparing language materials or producing literature. All scholars interested in being included or who have recommendations for inclusion should write to David Dwyer, Language Resource Project Director, or Kay Irish, Administrative Assistant, c/o African Studies Center, Room 100 In ternational Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824. Please include the following: name and title (where relevant), correspondence address, language(s) appearing on the list for which the scholar has experience. Those responding will then be contacted for further information. -
Bantu Plant Names As Indicators of Linguistic Stratigraphy in the Western Province of Zambia
Bantu Plant Names as Indicators of Linguistic Stratigraphy in the Western Province of Zambia Koen Bostoen Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren - Université libre de Bruxelles 1. Introduction and background The present paper is a comparative study of Bantu plant names in a number of languages from the WP of Zambia.1 It is based on fieldwork I undertook, with the kind assistance of the Livingstone Museum, in July-August 2005 in the neighbourhood of two minor towns in the southern part of the WP, i.e. Sioma and Shangombo. I worked with native speakers of Mbunda (K15), Kwamashi (K34), Kwamulonga (K351), Shanjo (K36), Fwe (K402), and Mbwera (L61). The field notes, which I present throughout the paper with the label “Bostoen FN 2005”, are compared to data from closely related or neighbouring languages on the one hand, and on the other hand, to what is known on plant names in terms of common Bantu reconstructions. Map 1 below shows the Bantu languages considered in this paper and their linguistic affiliation according to the current state of knowledge. Data from Khwe, a nearby non-Bantu click language from the Khoe-Kwadi family (Güldemann 2004), are also taken into account for reasons explained further on. 2 This comparative study aims at enhancing our understanding of the language history, which underlies the intricate sociolinguistic picture that characterizes the WP today. The Bantu languages listed above represent only a fraction of the numerous languages to which the WP is home. Contrary to Lozi (K21), the region’s widely used lingua franca with an increasing number of first language speakers, most of these languages are minority languages whose use is geographically localized and functionally restricted and whose number of speakers is declining. -
Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa
Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Quickworld Factoid Name : Central Africa Status : Region of Africa Land Area : 7,215,000 sq km - 2,786,000 sq mi Political Entities Sovereign Countries (19) Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (DR) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Malawi Niger Nigeria Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia International Organizations Worldwide Organizations (3) Commonwealth of Nations La Francophonie United Nations Organization Continental Organizations (1) African Union Conflicts and Disputes Internal Conflicts and Secessions (1) Lybian Civil War Territorial Disputes (1) Sudan-South Sudan Border Disputes Languages Language Families (9) Bihari languages Central Sudanic languages Chadic languages English-based creoles and pidgins French-based creoles and pidgins Manobo languages Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins Prakrit languages Songhai languages © 2019 Quickworld Inc. Page 1 of 7 Quickworld Inc assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this document. The information contained in this document is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Languages (485) Abar Acoli Adhola Aghem Ajumbu Aka Aka Akoose Akum Akwa Alur Amba language Ambele Amdang Áncá Assangori Atong language Awing Baali Babango Babanki Bada Bafaw-Balong Bafia Bakaka Bakoko Bakole Bala Balo Baloi Bambili-Bambui Bamukumbit