DOCSLIB.ORG

The Enigmas of Borges, and the Enigma of Borges

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Enigmas of Borges, and the Enigma of Borges THE ENIGMAS OF BORGES, AND THE ENIGMA OF BORGES Peter Gyngell, B.A. Thesis submitted to Cardiff University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2012 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks go to my grandson, Brad, currently a student of engineering, who made me write this thesis; to my wife, Jean, whose patience during the last four years has been inexhaustible; and to my supervisor, Dr Richard Gwyn, whose gentle guidance and encouragement have been of incalculable value. Peter Gyngell March 26, 2012 iii CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PART 1: THE ENIGMAS OF BORGES CHAPTER 1: BORGES AND HUMOUR 23 CHAPTER 2: BORGES AND HIS OBSESSION WITH DEATH 85 CHAPTER 3: BORGES AND HIS PRECIOUS GIFT OF DOUBT 130 CHAPTER 4: BORGES AND HUMILITY 179 PART 2: THE ENIGMA OF BORGES CHAPTER 5: SOME LECTURES AND FICTIONS 209 CHAPTER 6: SOME ESSAYS AND REVIEWS 246 SUMMARY 282 POSTSCRIPT 291 BIBLIOGRAPHY 292 1 PREFACE A number of the quoted texts were published originally in English; I have no Spanish, and the remaining texts are quoted in translation. Where possible, translations of Borges’ fictions will be taken from The Aleph and Other Stories 1933-1969 [Borges, 1971]; they are limited in number but, because of the involvement of Borges and Norman Thomas di Giovanni, they are taken to have the greater authority; in the opinion of Emir Rodriguez Monegal, a close friend of Borges, these translations are ‘the best one can ask for’ [461]; furthermore, this book contains Borges’ ‘Autobiographical Essay’, together with his Commentaries on each story. Otherwise, the translations made by Andrew Hurley and published in Collected Fictions [Borges, 1998a] will be used. Translations of Borges’ poetry will be taken primarily from Selected Poems 1923-1967 [Borges, 1972], since these translations again result from the collaboration of di Giovanni and Borges; others will be taken from Selected Poems [Borges, 2000a], and from the papers given at a symposium on Borges’ poetry at the University of Arkansas in 1983 [Cortínez; 97-347]. Having no Spanish, I shall generally confine myself to commenting on what Borges says in his poetry, rather than how he says it. Translations of Borges’ non-fictions will be taken from Other Inquisitions, 1937-1952 [Borges, 1964] and from The Total Library: Non-Fiction, 1922-1986 [Borges, 2001]. 2 INTRODUCTION The enigmas mentioned in the first part of the title of this thesis arise from a study of Borges’ fictions. Some result from Borges’ occasional desire to hoodwink his readers, but most of them arise from an apparent unwillingness or inability on the part of many of his critics to understand those stories fully. The enigma that Borges himself presents, however, is of an entirely different nature; it stems primarily from his apparent inability to deal appropriately with many of the topics that he addresses not only in some of his lectures and essays, but also in a small number of his fictions. The ‘enigmas’ in Part 1 are therefore illusions, while the ‘enigma’ in Part 2 is very real. In this thesis my aim is to demystify some examples of the former, and to examine some aspects of the latter. The thesis is therefore in two parts. The first, which deals primarily with the enigmas presented by Borges’ fiction, will be discussed in Chapters 1-4. It will be suggested that the principal characteristics of his fiction are wit, a fascination with death, a sense of doubt, and a deep appreciation of humility. No poetry will be quoted in Chapter 1, which deals with his wit, since his poetry is not relevant to that topic; but the poems quoted in Chapters 2 and 3 are intended to assist in establishing the importance and depth of, first, his obsession with death, and secondly, his ‘precious gift’ of doubt, as Borges put it. Some of the fictions discussed in Chapter 4, which illustrate his views on humility, are, I suggest, amongst his finest. 3 The second part of the thesis, dealing with the enigma which Borges himself presents, will be addressed in Chapters 5 and 6. A more detailed résumé of the contents of the individual chapters will be provided later; before that, however, it is necessary to consider certain topics which are relevant to a number of the chapters. To assume that any study of Jorge Luis Borges should commence at his birth in 1899, or even with his first appearance in print only ten years later, would be a mistake. As far as Borges was concerned, his ancestors were his beginning. It is necessary to study them briefly, if Borges’ work is to be put into perspective. The following details are provided by his three biographers, Monegal, Williamson and Woodall, and by Borges’ own ‘Autobiographical Essay’ [1971; 135-185]. According to Williamson [3], the ancestors of Borges ‘were among the first Europeans to arrive in America’. In the century preceding Borges’ birth some of his maternal ancestors were distinguished soldiers; in the early 1800’s Manuel Isodoro Acevedo, the grandfather of Borges’ mother, fought in the wars of independence against the Spanish forces; in 1820 Borges’ great-great-uncle, Miguel Estanislao Soler, was involved in the same wars, and became governor of Buenos Aires. Soler’s daughter married Isodoro de Acevedo Laprida, who ‘had fought in the civil war against Rosas, the tyrant who ruled Argentina’ for seventeen years [Monegal; 4]; and their daughter, Leonor, who was born in 1876, was to become Borges’ mother. Borges’ paternal grandfather, who later became Colonel Francisco Borges, had been involved in the same wars from the age of fifteen; later he fought in Paraguay, and in frontier wars in the south and east. His wife, however, was an 4 English woman called Frances (Fanny) Haslam; and her father, Edward Young Haslam, was a distinguished journalist. He was also distinguished as one of the first recipients of ‘an innovative operation performed on his eyes: his condition, unfortunately for his daughter, her son and then her grandson [Borges] was, like colour-blindness, heritable’ [Woodall; 7]. Fanny Haslam had two sons; the elder followed his father into the military; the younger was to become Borges’ father. Fanny Haslam’s marriage to Colonel Borges did not last long; he was killed in a military uprising only seven months after his second son’s birth. She was a great reader, Borges tells us, as was Borges’ father; it was Borges’ father who showed him the paradoxes of Zeno, which intrigued his son throughout his life [Borges, 1971; 138]. Borges’ mother, Leonor Acevedo de Borges, was not only a great reader but also translated books by Hawthorne, Herbert Read, Melville, Virginia Woolf and Faulkner [Borges, 1971; 139], as well as by Katherine Mansfield — ‘probably her best translation’, according to Williamson [372]. Woodall describes her as Borges’ ‘life partner’ [242], her death preceding that of her son by only eleven years. As will be seen, his military heritage was to have a considerable influence on Borges’ writing, not only in his fictions but even more frequently in his poems; in a paper on one book of Borges’ poetry, The Iron Coin [Borges, 2000a; 369- 387], one critic writes of Borges’ ‘awareness of his ancestors as being part of himself’ [Poust; 311]. But it will also be seen that his less warlike grandfather on his mother’s side — in particular, the contents of that grandfather’s library — as well as his 5 ever worsening eyesight were also to be of considerable influence. Borges’ father inherited that library; in his Prologue to the book of poems The Self and the Other, published in 1964, Borges tells his readers: ‘Less than by the classroom I received my education in a library — my father’s library; despite the vicissitudes of time and geography, I believe that I have not read those esteemed volumes in vain’ [2000a; 149]. In a poem entitled ‘Poem of the Gifts’ [Borges, 1972; 117-119; tr. Ben Bellitt] he describes himself as one ‘for whom Paradise was always a metaphor, / An image of libraries’. Later, in his Autobiographical Essay, Borges writes: ‘If I were asked to name the chief event in my life, I should say my father’s library. In fact, I sometimes think that I have never strayed outside that library’ [1971; 140]. According to Williamson [35], ‘the little boy would spend hours lying on the floor with his head stuck in a book’. It was partly because he spent so much time there, Borges tells us, that he was ‘expected to be a writer’ [1971; 142]; it was also the reason for his repeated statement during the seminars at the University of Arkansas in 1983 that ‘I’ve done most of my reading in English’ [Cortínez; 9; 72]. At first Borges lost his sight only gradually, but it left him almost entirely in 1955; according to Monegal, he was ‘the sixth generation of the Borgeses to be so afflicted’ [5]. This process affected not only what he wrote — his poems refer often to his blindness — but also how he wrote; for a time he became addicted to the sonnet-form, since he could more easily remember the lines that he had formed in his head [Borges, 1971; 177]. 6 I shall suggest that there are two reasons why it has become necessary to demystify Borges’ fictions; first, because Borges went out of his way to conceal his intentions, especially in those earlier fictions that are dealt with in Chapter 1; and secondly, because a great deal of the commentary which his fictions have inspired has had the effect of making many of them appear unnecessarily enigmatic.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Crimson Hexagon. Books Borges Never Wrote
    Allen Ruch The Crimson Hexagon Books Borges Never Wrote “The composition of vast books is a laborious and impoverish- ing extravagance. To go on for five hundred pages developing an idea whose perfect oral exposition is possible in a few min- utes! A better course of procedure is to pretend that these books already exist, and then to offer a resume, a commen- tary… More reasonable, more inept, more indolent, I have preferred to write notes upon imaginary books.” (Jorge Luis Borges). he fiction of Borges is filled with references to encyclopedias that do not exist, reviews of imaginary books by fictional au- T thors, and citations from monographs that have as much real existence as does the Necronomicon or the Books of Bokonon. As an intellectual exercise of pure whimsical uselessness, I have cata- logued here all these “imaginary” books that I could find in the stories of the “real” Argentine. I am sure that Borges himself would fail to see much of a difference… Note: In order to flesh out some of the details, I have elaborated a bit - although much of the detail on these books is really from Borges. I have added some dates, some information on contents, and a few general descriptions of the book’s binding and cover; I would be more than happy to accept other submissions and ideas on how to flesh this out. Do you have an idea I could use? The books are arranged alphabetically by author. Variaciones Borges 1/1996 122 Allen Ruch A First Encyclopaedia of Tlön (1824-1914) The 40 volumes of this work are rare to the point of being semi- mythical.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Non-Lieu Comme Raison D'être De Susana Soca
    LA PARATOPIE AU CENTRE : LE NON-LIEU COMME RAISON D’ÊTRE DE SUSANA SOCA Valentina LITVAN Université Paris 8, LI.RI.CO (EA 3055) « L’écrivain n’a pas lieu d’être […] et doit construire le territoire de son œuvre à travers cette faille même » (MAINGUENEAU, 2004 : 85). Cette définition de Dominique Maingueneau contient le paradoxe selon lequel l’identité de l’écrivain émerge de son non-lieu. Un non-lieu qui n’est pas textuel (la mort de l’auteur proclamée par Barthes), ni contextuel (dans une allusion purement sociologique à la condition marginale de l’écrivain). Car Maingueneau propose la notion de paratopie pour dépasser précisément le dualisme entre texte et contexte, œuvre et écrivain : « […] faire œuvre, c’est produire une œuvre et construire par là même les conditions qui permettent de la produire » (MAINGUENEAU, 2004 : 86). L’écrivain se construit en construisant son œuvre, dans laquelle, paradoxalement, il disparaît. L’auteur se construit ainsi par son œuvre, à partir du non-lieu. À partir de cette problématique du non-lieu comme trait fondamental de la paratopie, nous allons exposer le cas particulier de Susana Soca. Figure méconnue de la littérature uruguayenne, son existence dans le champ littéraire semble se légitimer précisément par un non- lieu constant et ce, à différents niveaux de la production littéraire. Nous présenterons d’abord l’auteur, pour décrire ensuite quatre traits paratopiques qui la/le définissent et, finalement, essayer de démontrer que la paratopie, caractérisée par l’instabilité et le non-lieu, confère une place centrale à cette figure dans la tradition littéraire dont elle fait partie.
    [Show full text]
  • Time, Infinity, Recursion, and Liminality in the Writings of Jorge Luis Borges
    Kevin Wilson Of Stones and Tigers; Time, Infinity, Recursion, and Liminality in the writings of Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) and Pu Songling (1640-1715) (draft) The need to meet stones with tigers speaks to a subtlety, and to an experience, unique to literary and conceptual analysis. Perhaps the meeting appears as much natural, even familiar, as it does curious or unexpected, and the same might be said of meeting Pu Songling (1640-1715) with Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), a dialogue that reveals itself as much in these authors’ shared artistic and ideational concerns as in historical incident, most notably Borges’ interest in and attested admiration for Pu’s work. To speak of stones and tigers in these authors’ works is to trace interwoven contrapuntal (i.e., fugal) themes central to their composition, in particular the mutually constitutive themes of time, infinity, dreaming, recursion, literature, and liminality. To engage with these themes, let alone analyze them, presupposes, incredibly, a certain arcane facility in navigating the conceptual folds of infinity, in conceiving a space that appears, impossibly, at once both inconceivable and also quintessentially conceptual. Given, then, the difficulties at hand, let the following notes, this solitary episode in tracing the endlessly perplexing contrapuntal forms that life and life-like substances embody, double as a practical exercise in developing and strengthening dynamic “methodologies of the infinite.” The combination, broadly conceived, of stones and tigers figures prominently in
    [Show full text]
  • Twentieth Century Latin American Architecture: a Network and a Digital Exhibition Hugo SEGAWA University of Sao Paulo
    <Presentations Day1>Twentieth Century Latin American Title Architecture: a Network and a Digital Exhibition Author(s) SEGAWA, Hugo CIRAS discussion paper No.81 : Architectural and Planning Citation Cultures Across Regions --Digital Humanities Collaboration Towards Knowledge Integration (2018), 81: 8-17 Issue Date 2018-03 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/CIRASDP_81_8 © Center for Information Resources of Area Studies, Kyoto Right University Type Research Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Presentations / Day1 Twentieth Century Latin American Architecture: a Network and a Digital Exhibition Hugo SEGAWA University of Sao Paulo designed by the architect Horiguchi Sutemi and built inside the Ibirapuera Park in Sao Paulo city in 1954, on the occasion of the 4th centennial of the foundation of the city of São Paulo. This, and other examples of forgotten or unknown facts of how ar- chitectural exchanges and the architectural culture in Brazil was shaped, demonstrate that this kind of database is an important tool for research, and would be especially useful for data mining analysis. The Observatório de Arquitectura Latinoamer- icana Contemporánea – ODALC (Observatory of As representative of a joint research group, a Contemporary Latin American Architecture) is a network dedicated to the study of the Modern Latin network of researchers of the University of São American Architecture, the invitation to be in this Paulo (Brazil), Universidad Nacional (Colombia) symposium came in an important moment of discus- and Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (Mexi- sion and decision regarding the use of digital tools co) dedicated to the study of contemporary Latin and data bases within the activities of the group, al- American architecture and cities since 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • In “Death and the Compass” Borges Presciently Anticipates De
    SYMMETRY OF DEATH w Adrian Gargett n “Death and the Compass” Borges presciently anticipates de- velopments in contemporary physics and scientific thought, I constructing a literary environment that systemically gives the lie t o the dream of rational determinism, suggesting instead some- thing like a “primordial disorder” out of which the shifting, provi- sional orders of culture and science emerge. In constructing a subtle and complex argument via the parallel in- teractions of a Deleuzo-guattarian mechanism, this project artfully attempts to weave the principal discursive strands into an animated investigative framework. The first strand is a close analysis of sections from “Death and the Compass”. The second is the articulation of the critical concepts from the Deleuzo-guattarian scheme. The third is the embedding of the issues of chance and causality within the work of Borges. J (NORTH) The first murder occurred in the Hotel du Nord – that tall prism which dominates the estuary whose waters are the colour of the de- sert. To that tower (which quite glaringly unifies the hateful white- ness of a hospital, the numbered divisibility of a jail and the general Variaciones Borges 13 (2002) 80 ADRIAN GARGETT appearance of a bordello) there came on the third day of December the delegate from Podolsk to the Third Talmudic Congress, Doctor Marcel Yarmolinsky, a grey-bearded man with grey eyes. (Labyrinths 106) Deleuze and Guattari cast literature as an exemplary mode to demonstrate systems of machinic functioning; how litera- ture/books/writing operates in terms of such functioning – in terms of a “rhizomatic” analysis as presented in “A Thousand Plateaus”.1 Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizomatic conceptual vehicle maps a schizoanalytic application to Borges disseminating literary texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Editorial Authors' Responses Guidelines For
    Home Search Every Field Editorial Search Authors' ROMANTIC FEUDS: TRANSCENDING THE 'AGE OF PERSONALITY' Responses By Kim Wheatley (Ashgate, 2013) xii + p. 374 Guidelines Reviewed by Rebecca Nesvet on 2013-10-16. For Click here for a PDF version. Reviewers Click here to buy the book on Amazon. About Us Masthead The myth of the lonely, autonomous Romantic Genius has lately taken its lumps. Questioning its historicity, contemporary scholars of nineteenth-century literature often stress the creativity of groups. William St. Clair, Sharon Lynne Feedback Joffe, Scott Krawczyk and Julie A. Carlson have examined the productivity of Romantic literary families or kinship coteries. Tim Fulford, Peter J. Kitson, and Debbie Lee have revealed the scientific network as an engine of Romantic cultural production. David Higgins has shown how the concept of Romantic genius was shaped and popularized by the periodicals of the era, which influenced such figures as Wordsworth and the painter Benjamin R. Haydon. And creative groups could be as small as two. Magisterial studies of pairs of Romantic friends, mentors, protégés, rivals, and frenemies include Stuart Curran's Shelley and Byron: The Snake and Eagle Wreathed in Fight (1976), Paul Magnuson's Coleridge and Wordsworth: A Lyrical Dialogue (1988), Susan Oliver's Scott, Byron, and the Poetics of Cultural Encounter (2005), and Peter Cochran's Byron and Bob (2010). Kim Wheatley has also helped to bury the solitary Romantic Genius. In Shelley and His Readers (1999), Wheatley examined Percy Bysshe Shelley's highly interactive relationship with periodical reviewers, especially those of the Tory Quarterly and Whig Edinburgh Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Abismo Logico.Pdf
    Otros títulos de esta Colección EL ABISMO LÓGICO MANUEL BOTERO CAMACHO Este libro explora un fenómeno que se mencionar filósofos y escribir cuentos (BORGES Y LOS FFFEILOSOFEOS F DE LAS IDEAS) Doctor en Filología de la Universidad Complu- repite en algunos textos del escritor argen- acerca de una realidad imposible tense de Madrid con Diploma de Estudios Avan- tino Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986). Está siguiendo sus filosofías, de mostrar algo MANUEL BOTERO CAMACHO GÉNESIS Y TRANSFORMACIONES MANUEL BOTERO CAMACHO zados en Filología Inglesa y en Filología Hispa- DEL ESTADO NACIÓN EN COLOMBIA compuesto por nueve capítulos, que acerca de sus creencias, sería precisa- noamericana. Licenciado en Literatura, opción UNA MIRADA TOPOLÓGICA A LOS ESTUDIOS SOCIALES DESDE LA FILOSOFÍA POLÍTICA corresponden al análisis de la reescritura mente su escepticismo respecto de en filosofía, de la Universidad de Los Andes, de nueve distintas propuestas filosóficas. dichas doctrinas. Los relatos no suponen Bogotá. Es profesor en la Escuela de Ciencias ADOLFO CHAPARRO AMAYA Las propuestas están cobijadas bajo la su visión de la realidad sino una lectura Humanas y en la Facultad de Jurisprudencia CAROLINA GALINDO HERNÁNDEZ misma doctrina: el idealismo. Es un libro de las teorías acerca de la realidad. (Educación Continuada) del Colegio Mayor de que se escribe para validar la propuesta Nuestra Señora del Rosario. Es profesor de de un método de lectura que cuenta a la El texto propone análisis novedosos de Semiología y Coordinador de los Conversato- COLECCIÓN TEXTOS DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS vez con una dosis de ingenio y con los cuentos de Borges y reevalúa y rios de la Casa Lleras en la Universidad Jorge planteamientos rigurosos, permitiendo critica algunos análisis existentes elabo- Tadeo Lozano.
    [Show full text]
  • Ge Fei's Creative Use of Jorge Luis Borges's Narrative Labyrinth
    Fudan J. Hum. Soc. Sci. DOI 10.1007/s40647-015-0083-x ORIGINAL PAPER Imitation and Transgression: Ge Fei’s Creative Use of Jorge Luis Borges’s Narrative Labyrinth Qingxin Lin1 Received: 13 November 2014 / Accepted: 11 May 2015 © Fudan University 2015 Abstract This paper attempts to trace the influence of Jorge Luis Borges on Ge Fei. It shows that Ge Fei’s stories share Borges’s narrative form though they do not have the same philosophical premises as Borges’s to support them. What underlies Borges’s narrative complexity is his notion of the inaccessibility of reality or di- vinity and his understanding of the human intellectual history as epistemological metaphors. While Borges’s creation of narrative gap coincides with his intention of demonstrating the impossibility of the pursuit of knowledge and order, Ge Fei borrows this narrative technique from Borges to facilitate the inclusion of multiple motives and subject matters in one single story, which denotes various possible directions in which history, as well as story, may go. Borges prefers the Jungian concept of archetypal human actions and deeds, whereas Ge Fei tends to use the Freudian psychoanalysis to explore the laws governing human behaviors. But there is a perceivable connection between Ge Fei’s rejection of linear history and tradi- tional storyline with Borges’ explication of epistemological uncertainty, hence the former’s tremendous debt to the latter. Both writers have found the conventional narrative mode, which emphasizes the telling of a coherent story having a begin- ning, a middle, and an end, inadequate to convey their respective ideational intents.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Jorge Luis Borges the GOSPEL ACCORDING to MARK
    1 Jorge Luis Borges THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO MARK (1970) Translated by Norrnan Thomas di Giovanni in collaboration with the author Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), an outstanding modern writer of Latin America, was born in Buenos Aires into a family prominent in Argentine history. Borges grew up bilingual, learning English from his English grandmother and receiving his early education from an English tutor. Caught in Europe by the outbreak of World War II, Borges lived in Switzerland and later Spain, where he joined the Ultraists, a group of experimental poets who renounced realism. On returning to Argentina, he edited a poetry magazine printed in the form of a poster and affixed to city walls. For his opposition to the regime of Colonel Juan Peron, Borges was forced to resign his post as a librarian and was mockingly offered a job as a chicken inspector. In 1955, after Peron was deposed, Borges became director of the national library and Professor of English Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. Since childhood a sufferer from poor eyesight, Borges eventually went blind. His eye problems may have encouraged him to work mainly in short, highly crafed forms: stories, essays, fables, and lyric poems full of elaborate music. His short stories, in Ficciones (1944), El hacedor (1960); translated as Dreamtigers, (1964), and Labyrinths (1962), have been admired worldwide. These events took place at La Colorada ranch, in the southern part of the township of Junin, during the last days of March 1928. The protagonist was a medical student named Baltasar Espinosa. We may describe him, for now, as one of the common run of young men from Buenos Aires, with nothing more noteworthy about him than an almost unlimited kindness and a capacity for public speaking that had earned him several prizes at the English school0 in Ramos Mejia.
    [Show full text]
  • Lettre D'info
    M R SH Lettre d’info NORMANDIE - CAEN Maison de la Recherche en Sciences Humaines Numéro 135 - Mai 2013 CNRS - UNIVERSITÉ DE CAEN en ligne ce mois-ci Mécénat de la Fondation Nationale Crédit http://www.unicaen.fr/recherche/mrsh/forge Agricole et du Crédit Agricole de Normandie, soutien du Ministère de la Culture et du Minis- La forge numérique tère de l’Agriculture à la restauration et à la nu- héberge et diffuse tousdocuments mul- timédia (photos, vidéos, fichiers son) relatifs à l’acti- mérisation intelligente de la bibliothèque his- vité scientifique de la Maison de la Recherche en torique du Ministère de l’Agriculture Sciences Humaines (MRSH) et des équipes qui y sont associées. Enregistrements audio ou vidéo de col- Forte de 25 000 volumes du loques, conférences, photos de terrains, entretiens de début du XVIIe siècle à la fin du chercheurs, présentation d’ouvrages par leurs auteurs XXe siècle, la Bibliothèque du alimentent régulièrement ce réservoir numérique. Ministère de l’agriculture est un patrimoine d’exception. C’est aussi un magnifique outil de � écouter recherche. En septembre 2004, le Ministère a décidé de la confier à la Maison de la Recherche en l’économie informelle dans les grands ports Sciences Humaines (MRSH) CNRS Université de Caen Basse-Nor- Laurence MonteL mandie en raison de l’excellence de sa recherche et de sa capacité géographies. Épistémologie et histoire des à l’ouvrir au public des chercheurs et au grand public. savoirs sur l’espace Conçu comme un outil de travail et alimenté par des achats, des PascaL Clerc dons et des dépôts depuis le règne de Louis XV jusqu’à la Ve Répu- blique, ce fonds est constitué d’ouvrages et de revues en lien avec la guerre de madeleine les thématiques agricoles et rurales (traités, atlas, statistiques,- re MadeLeine ClervaL cueils de pratiques, concours agricoles, rapports, thèses, manuels, monographies, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Postmodern Or Post-Auschwitz Borges and the Limits of Representation
    Edna Aizenberg Postmodern or Post-Auschwitz Borges and the Limits of Representation he list of “firsts” is well known by now: Borges, father of the New Novel, the nouveau roman, the Boom; Borges, forerunner T of the hypertext, early magical realist, proto-deconstructionist, postmodernist pioneer. The list is well known, but it may omit the most significant encomium: Borges, founder of literature after Auschwitz, a literature that challenges our orders of knowledge through the frac- tured mirror of one of the century’s defining events. Fashions and prejudices ingrained in several critical communities have obscured Borges’s role as a passionate precursor of many later intellec- tuals -from Weisel to Blanchot, from Amery to Lyotard. This omission has hindered Borges research, preventing it from contributing to major theoretical currents and areas of inquiry. My aim is to confront this lack. I want to rub Borges and the Holocaust together in order to unset- tle critical verities, meditate on the limits of representation, foster dia- logue between disciplines -and perhaps make a few sparks fly. A shaper of the contemporary imagination, Borges serves as a touch- stone for concepts of literary reality and unreality, for problems of knowledge and representation, for critical and philosophical debates on totalizing systems and postmodern esthetics, for discussions on cen- ters and peripheries, colonialism and postcolonialism. Investigating the Holocaust in Borges can advance our broadest thinking on these ques- tions, and at the same time strengthen specific disciplines, most par- ticularly Borges scholarship, Holocaust studies, and Latin American literary criticism. It is to these disciplines that I now turn.
    [Show full text]
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
    [Show full text]