Ecography ECOG-02256 Heegaard, E., Boddy, L., Diez, J. M., Halvorsen, R., Kauserud, H., Kuyper, T. W., Bässler, C., Büntgen, U., Gange, A. C., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Andrew, C. J., Ayer, F., Høiland, K., Kirk, P. and Egli, S. 2016. Fine-scale spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal fruiting: prevalence, amplitude, range and continuity. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.02256 Supplementary material
Appendix 1 Table A1. List of species recorded in the period 1992-2006, functional categorization of the individual species and how many records present of each species.
Species names Functional group Records Agaricus dulcidulus Saprotrophic 9 Agaricus semotus Saprotrophic 26 Agaricus sylvicola Saprotrophic 17 Agrocybe praecox Saprotrophic 4 Amanita battarrae ECM 2 Amanita citrina ECM 178 Amanita excelsa ECM 11 Amanita fulva ECM 2 Amanita gemmata ECM 140 Amanita muscaria ECM 28 Amanita pantherina ECM 33 Amanita porphyria ECM 90 Amanita rubescens ECM 171 Amanita vaginata ECM 2 Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Saprotrophic 42 Baeospora myosura Saprotrophic 4 Boletus badius ECM 432 Boletus calopus ECM 4 Boletus edulis ECM 75 Boletus erythropus ECM 25 Boletus luridus ECM 2 Boletus reticulatus ECM 20 Boletus subtomentosus ECM 11 Cantharellus cibarius ECM 78 Cantharellus cinereus ECM 30 Cantharellus ianthinoxanthus ECM 60 Chalciporus piperatus ECM 19 Chlorophyllum rachodes Saprotrophic 63 Chroogomphus helveticus ECM 146 Chroogomphus rutilus ECM 3 Clitocybe costata Saprotrophic 3 Clitocybe ditopa Saprotrophic 52 Clitocybe fuligineipes Saprotrophic 30 Clitocybe gibba Saprotrophic 1104 Clitocybe houghtonii Saprotrophic 278 Clitocybe metachroa Saprotrophic 29 Clitocybe nebularis Saprotrophic 314 Clitocybe obsoleta Saprotrophic 1 Clitocybe odora Saprotrophic 1 Clitocybe phaeophthalma Saprotrophic 4 Clitocybe phyllophila Saprotrophic 3 Clitocybe suaveolens Saprotrophic 12 Clitocybe subspadicea Saprotrophic 83 Clitocybe umbilicata Saprotrophic 81 Clitocybe vibecina Saprotrophic 80 Clitopilus prunulus Saprotrophic 4 Collybia ozes Saprotrophic 6 Conocybe pygmaeoaffinis Saprotrophic 12 Conocybe vestita Saprotrophic 1 Coprinellus domesticus Saprotrophic 118 Coprinellus micaceus Saprotrophic 80 Cortinarius acutus ECM 135 Cortinarius alboviolaceus ECM 3 Cortinarius anomalus ECM 292 Cortinarius anserinus ECM 28 Cortinarius anthracinus ECM 2 Cortinarius armeniacus ECM 53 Cortinarius betuletorum ECM 179 Cortinarius bivelus ECM 7 Cortinarius bolaris ECM 398 Cortinarius callochrous ECM 47 Cortinarius caperatus ECM 1078 Cortinarius casimiri ECM 276 Cortinarius causticus ECM 6 Cortinarius cinnamomeus ECM 1 Cortinarius citrinus ECM 76 Cortinarius claricolor ECM 5 Cortinarius cliduchus ECM 160 Cortinarius crystallinus ECM 32 Cortinarius damascenus ECM 166 Cortinarius decipiens ECM 355 Cortinarius eburneus ECM 3 Cortinarius elatior ECM 18 Cortinarius epipoleus ECM 4 Cortinarius evernius ECM 24 Cortinarius flexipes ECM 1480 Cortinarius glaucopus ECM 10 Cortinarius hinnuleus ECM 1 Cortinarius humicola ECM 6 Cortinarius infractus ECM 19 Cortinarius largus ECM 247 Cortinarius malachius ECM 4 Cortinarius malicorius ECM 1 Cortinarius meinhardii ECM 1 Cortinarius multiformis ECM 75 Cortinarius odorifer ECM 3 Cortinarius paragaudis ECM 98 Cortinarius parvannulatus ECM 18 Cortinarius pilatii ECM 9 Cortinarius porphyropus ECM 2 Cortinarius purpurascens ECM 11 Cortinarius rigens ECM 56 Cortinarius sanguineus ECM 6 Cortinarius sebaceus ECM 56 Cortinarius spilomeus ECM 7 Cortinarius stillatitius ECM 2 Cortinarius subporphyropus ECM 32 Cortinarius talus ECM 1 Cortinarius torvus ECM 3 Cortinarius uraceus ECM 1 Cortinarius variicolor ECM 1 Cortinarius varius ECM 1 Cortinarius venetus ECM 12 Cortinarius vibratilis ECM 12 Cortinarius vulpinus ECM 30 Craterellus cornucopioides ECM 4099 Craterellus tubaeformis ECM 619 Crepidotus cesatii Saprotrophic 22 Cystoderma amianthinum Saprotrophic 409 Cystoderma carcharias Saprotrophic 29 Cystodermella granulosa Saprotrophic 10 Cystolepiota seminuda Saprotrophic 19 Entocybe nitida Saprotrophic 11 Entocybe turbida Saprotrophic 6 Entoloma cetratum Saprotrophic 10 Entoloma conferendum Saprotrophic 15 Entoloma cuneatum Saprotrophic 6 Entoloma lividoalbum Saprotrophic 21 Entoloma rhodopolium Saprotrophic 641 Flammulaster carpophilus Saprotrophic 3 Galerella plicatella Saprotrophic 2 Galerina marginata Saprotrophic 122 Galerina stylifera Saprotrophic 4 Galerina uncialis Saprotrophic 88 Gymnopilus hybridus Saprotrophic 98 Gymnopus confluens Saprotrophic 971 Gymnopus dryophilus Saprotrophic 645 Gymnopus erythropus Saprotrophic 58 Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Saprotrophic 159 Gymnopus ocior Saprotrophic 189 Gymnopus peronatus Saprotrophic 190 Hebeloma crustuliniforme ECM 64 Hebeloma mesophaeum ECM 8 Hebeloma radicosum ECM 6 Hebeloma spoliatum ECM 4 Hohenbuehelia myxotricha Saprotrophic 1 Hydnum repandum ECM 345 Hydnum rufescens ECM 116 Hydropus subalpinus Saprotrophic 4 Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Saprotrophic 75 Hygrophorus eburneus ECM 1178 Hygrophorus mesotephrus ECM 9 Hygrophorus pustulatus ECM 8 Hymenopellis radicata Saprotrophic 166 Hypholoma capnoides Saprotrophic 94 Hypholoma fasciculare Saprotrophic 6721 Hypholoma lateritium Saprotrophic 220 Hypholoma radicosum Saprotrophic 2 Inocybe acuta ECM 2 Inocybe assimilata ECM 22 Inocybe asterospora ECM 8 Inocybe catalaunica ECM 197 Inocybe cincinnata ECM 29 Inocybe cookei ECM 7 Inocybe flocculosa ECM 62 Inocybe fuscidula ECM 2 Inocybe geophylla ECM 33 Inocybe griseolilacina ECM 29 Inocybe hirtella ECM 454 Inocybe nitidiuscula ECM 45 Inocybe petiginosa ECM 970 Inocybe pusio ECM 4 Inocybe transitoria ECM 19 Kuehneromyces mutabilis Saprotrophic 6946 Laccaria amethystina ECM 8512 Laccaria bicolor ECM 4 Laccaria laccata ECM 1425 Lactarius acris ECM 34 Lactarius albocarneus ECM 1 Lactarius aurantiacus ECM 130 Lactarius blennius ECM 2331 Lactarius camphoratus ECM 360 Lactarius cremor ECM 13 Lactarius deterrimus ECM 26 Lactarius fuliginosus ECM 30 Lactarius pallidus ECM 126 Lactarius pergamenus ECM 2 Lactarius picinus ECM 2 Lactarius piperatus ECM 169 Lactarius porninsis ECM 10 Lactarius pterosporus ECM 12 Lactarius quietus ECM 2 Lactarius romagnesii ECM 1 Lactarius rufus ECM 2 Lactarius subdulcis ECM 83 Lactarius uvidus ECM 5 Lactarius vellereus ECM 2 Lactarius volemus ECM 5 Lentinellus cochleatus Saprotrophic 9 Lepiota clypeolaria Saprotrophic 18 Lepiota cristata Saprotrophic 2 Lepiota magnispora Saprotrophic 16 Lepista flaccida Saprotrophic 47 Lepista nuda Saprotrophic 3 Leucocortinarius bulbiger Saprotrophic 1 Lyophyllum decastes Saprotrophic 10 Lyophyllum fumosum Saprotrophic 4 Macrocystidia cucumis Saprotrophic 5 Macrolepiota excoriata Saprotrophic 1 Macrolepiota procera Saprotrophic 9 Marasmius cohaerens Saprotrophic 25 Marasmius torquescens Saprotrophic 592 Marasmius wynneae Saprotrophic 10 Megacollybia platyphylla Saprotrophic 136 Melanoleuca melaleuca Saprotrophic 3 Mycena diosma Saprotrophic 53 Mycena epipterygia Saprotrophic 108 Mycena flavescens Saprotrophic 13 Mycena galericulata Saprotrophic 21 Mycena galopus Saprotrophic 1170 Mycena haematopus Saprotrophic 6 Mycena pelianthina Saprotrophic 251 Mycena polygramma Saprotrophic 1 Mycena pura Saprotrophic 1857 Mycena rosea Saprotrophic 228 Mycena sanguinolenta Saprotrophic 95 Mycena vitilis Saprotrophic 5 Mycena zephirus Saprotrophic 27 Oudemansiella mucida Saprotrophic 114 Panellus stipticus Saprotrophic 17 Phaeocollybia arduennensis ECM 4 Pholiota astragalina Saprotrophic 3 Pholiota squarrosa Saprotrophic 706 Pluteus brunneoradiatus Saprotrophic 2 Pluteus cervinus Saprotrophic 50 Pluteus exiguus Saprotrophic 20 Pluteus nanus Saprotrophic 11 Pluteus romellii Saprotrophic 1 Pluteus satur Saprotrophic 1 Psathyrella dicrani Saprotrophic 5 Psathyrella piluliformis Saprotrophic 543 Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis Saprotrophic 72 Pseudocraterellus undulatus ECM 228 Pseudoomphalina compressipes Saprotrophic 15 Psilocybe crobula Saprotrophic 2 Psilocybe phyllogena Saprotrophic 3 Rhodocollybia butyracea Saprotrophic 4843 Rhodocollybia maculata Saprotrophic 17 Rhodocollybia prolixa Saprotrophic 366 Rickenella fibula Saprotrophic 13 Ripartites tricholoma Saprotrophic 1 Rugosomyces carneus Saprotrophic 3 Russula acrifolia ECM 447 Russula albonigra ECM 4 Russula amethystina ECM 2 Russula aurora ECM 204 Russula chloroides ECM 10 Russula cyanoxantha ECM 618 Russula delica ECM 21 Russula densifolia ECM 6 Russula faginea ECM 5 Russula fellea ECM 800 Russula foetens ECM 132 Russula fragilis ECM 3 Russula grata ECM 28 Russula grisea ECM 106 Russula heterophylla ECM 2 Russula illota ECM 2 Russula integra ECM 26 Russula langei ECM 14 Russula minutula ECM 2 Russula nauseosa ECM 2 Russula nigricans ECM 443 Russula nobilis ECM 2268 Russula ochroleuca ECM 3811 Russula postiana ECM 2 Russula pseudointegra ECM 1 Russula puellaris ECM 36 Russula queletii ECM 10 Russula raoultii ECM 13 Russula risigallina ECM 4 Russula romellii ECM 97 Russula rosea ECM 20 Russula rubra ECM 34 Russula vesca ECM 28 Russula virescens ECM 5 Sarcomyxa serotina Saprotrophic 15 Stropharia aeruginosa Saprotrophic 47 Suillus bovinus ECM 7 Suillus grevillei ECM 300 Suillus viscidus ECM 168 Tapinella atrotomentosa Saprotrophic 92 Tapinella panuoides Saprotrophic 2 Tephrocybe boudieri Saprotrophic 2 Tephrocybe inolens Saprotrophic 1 Tephrocybe murina Saprotrophic 38 Tephrocybe putida Saprotrophic 9 Tephrocybe rancida Saprotrophic 59 Trichocybe puberula Saprotrophic 2 Tricholoma bufonium ECM 1 Tricholoma inamoenum ECM 48 Tricholoma saponaceum ECM 6 Tricholoma sciodes ECM 120 Tricholoma sulphureum ECM 12 Tricholoma terreum ECM 39 Tricholoma ustale ECM 629 Tricholoma virgatum ECM 3 Tricholomopsis rutilans Saprotrophic 18 Tubaria conspersa Saprotrophic 2 Tubaria furfuracea Saprotrophic 4 Tylopilus felleus ECM 18 Xerocomellus chrysenteron ECM 2017 Xerocomellus porosporus ECM 16 Xerocomellus pruinatus ECM 146
Fig. A2. The posterior distributions of spatial characteristics (range and field variance) from the GMRF, estimated by logistic models of presence-absence data. One model is made for each combination of plot, year and nutritional mode (ECM or saprotrophic, red and blue, respectively). The vertical bars show the posterior distribution with a black dot representing the expected tendencies of the distribution.
Fig. A3. The posterior distributions of spatial characteristics (range and field variance) from the GMRF, estimated by zero-inflated Poisson models of the number of fruit bodies. One model is made for each combination of plot, year and nutritional mode (ECM or saprotrophic, red and blue, respectively). The vertical bars show the posterior distribution with a black dot representing the expected tendency of the distribution.
Fig. A4. The posterior distributions of the zero-probability parameter estimated assuming a zero-inflated Poisson likelihood for the fruit body counts. One model is made for each combination of plot, year and nutritional mode (ECM or saprotrophic, red and blue, respectively). The vertical bars show the posterior distribution for each year.
Table A5. Statistical output for the Linear Mixed Effect models assessing the relationships between the spatial characteristics and the covariates. The statistical information following is the background models for all relationships displayed by figure 5. The models are weighted mixed effect models following Pinheiro & Bates 2000. All predictor variables were scaled to zero mean and unit variance.
Variables:
Plot = plot identity, factor of 3 levels.
Ranger = expected value of the posterior distribution from logarithm(range ,base=2), used as response
Rsd = standard deviation of posterior distribution for range, used for fixed weights.
RaS = scaled Ranger, used as a covariate
Vario = expected value of the posterior distribution from logarithm(field variance ,base=2), used as response
Vsd = standard deviation of posterior distribution for field variance, used for fixed weights.
VaS = scaled Vario, used as a covariate
Pzero = expected value of the posterior distribution from logarithm(zero-probability, base=2), used as response
Psd = standard deviation of posterior distribution for zero-probability, used for fixed weights.
PzS = scaled Pzero, used as a covariate
Nutri = factor of functional groups, i.e. ECM and sapro (saprotrophic).
Annualfruit = Annual number of sporocarps produced separately for ECM and saprotrophs, i.e. Yield.
Temp = scaled annual mean temperature
Precsum = scaled annual sum precipitation
Figure 5a – qualitative data, presence and absence of sporocarps
1) Response = Range AIC BIC logLik
220.1853 241.7353 -101.0926
Random effects:
Formula: ~+1 | Plot
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.2857351 0.9115303
Variance function:
Structure: fixed weights
Formula: ~Rsd^2
Fixed effects: Ranger ~ Nutri * temp + Nutri * VaS + temp * VaS
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 3.0394180 0.2014885 79 15.084823 0.0000
NutriSapro -0.4670622 0.1512918 79 -3.087162 0.0028 temp -0.1705612 0.1033807 79 -1.649836 0.1029
VaS 0.8841560 0.1930089 79 4.580908 0.0000
NutriSapro:temp 0.2998804 0.1382360 79 2.169336 0.0331
NutriSapro:VaS -0.5267000 0.2217318 79 -2.375392 0.0200 temp:VaS 0.4255847 0.1331289 79 3.196786 0.0020
2) Response = Field variance
PzS orthogonalized by Nutri and Annualfruit
AIC BIC logLik
266.7438 285.9975 -125.3719
Random effects:
Formula: ~+1 | Plot (Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.3559311 0.8872559
Variance function:
Structure: fixed weights
Formula: ~Vsd^2
Fixed effects: Vario ~ Nutri * Annualfruit + RaS + PzS
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.7491423 0.2459341 80 3.046110 0.0031
NutriSapro 0.0306236 0.2087667 80 0.146688 0.8837
Annualfruit 0.3825970 0.1229102 80 3.112817 0.0026
RaS 0.6572478 0.1265227 80 5.194701 0.0000
PzS 0.3918943 0.1034418 80 3.788550 0.0003
NutriSapro:Annualfruit -0.5960927 0.2530942 80 -2.355221 0.0210
PzS not orthogonalized by Nutri and Annualfruit
Fixed effects: Vario ~ Nutri * Annualfruit + RaS + PzS
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 1.0809339 0.2623547 80 4.120125 0.0001
NutriSapro -0.6329595 0.2654915 80 -2.384104 0.0195
Annualfruit 1.0087599 0.2053349 80 4.912754 0.0000
RaS 0.6572478 0.1265227 80 5.194701 0.0000
PzS 0.8789813 0.2320100 80 3.788550 0.0003
NutriSapro:Annualfruit -0.5960927 0.2530942 80 -2.355221 0.0210
Figure 5b – Zero-probability and yield
3) Response = Zero-probability AIC BIC logLik
-95.96924 -76.71549 55.98462
Random effects:
Formula: ~+1 | Plot
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 5.701454e-07 4.225854
Variance function:
Structure: fixed weights
Formula: ~Psd^2
Fixed effects: Pzero ~ precsum + Nutri + temp * Annualfruit
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.5436731 0.016382569 80 33.18607 0.0000 precsum -0.0305355 0.011921781 80 -2.56132 0.0123
NutriSapro 0.1641609 0.023136274 80 7.09539 0.0000 temp 0.0277831 0.011763433 80 2.36182 0.0206
Annualfruit -0.1586869 0.010958613 80 -14.48057 0.0000 temp:Annualfruit 0.0225441 0.007536644 80 2.99127 0.0037
4) Yield
AIC BIC logLik
249.7495 261.9628 -119.8748
Random effects:
Formula: ~+1 | Plot
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.3418159 0.9059503
Fixed effects: Annualfruit ~ precsum + Nutri
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.2827987 0.24001515 83 1.178254 0.2421 precsum 0.2122480 0.09713125 83 2.185167 0.0317
NutriSapro -0.5500812 0.19314924 83 -2.847959 0.0055
Figure 5c – Quantitative data, number of sporocarps conditioned on presence
5) Response = Range
AIC BIC logLik
212.9782 225.1914 -101.4891
Random effects:
Formula: ~+1 | Plot
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.06417179 1.315609
Variance function:
Structure: fixed weights
Formula: ~Rsd^2
Fixed effects: Ranger ~ Nutri + PzS
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 1.3234582 0.14142812 83 9.357815 0.0000
NutriSapro -0.4429968 0.19257782 83 -2.300352 0.0239
PzS 0.2050907 0.08713318 83 2.353761 0.0209
6) Response = Field variance AIC BIC logLik
194.3896 215.9397 -88.19482
Random effects:
Formula: ~+1 | Plot
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.3380168 1.12228
Variance function:
Structure: fixed weights
Formula: ~Vsd^2
Fixed effects: Vario ~ temp * precsum + PzS * Annualfruit
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.2735341 0.20562685 79 1.330245 0.1873 temp -0.0257377 0.05994484 79 -0.429356 0.6688 precsum 0.0283452 0.06402202 79 0.442742 0.6592
PzS 1.2568080 0.09741140 79 12.902063 0.0000
Annualfruit 1.0296206 0.12589123 79 8.178653 0.0000 temp:precsum -0.1197409 0.05609365 79 -2.134661 0.0359
PzS:Annualfruit 0.2191924 0.04433829 79 4.943637 0.0000